Reid L. Neilson
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195384031
- eISBN:
- 9780199918324
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195384031.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
Mormon women were not only involved in the Territory of Utah's exhibitions and the Tabernacle Choir; they also were active participants in a variety of Columbian Exposition events, most notably the ...
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Mormon women were not only involved in the Territory of Utah's exhibitions and the Tabernacle Choir; they also were active participants in a variety of Columbian Exposition events, most notably the 1893 World's Congress of Representative Women. In Chicago, LDS women represented their religion and their gender, both of which had been struggling for an improved position in America. Most historians are surprised to learn that Mormon women helped plan the first International Council of Women, held in conjunction with the Chicago World's Fair of 1893. While in the White City, LDS women not only attended the week-long World's Congress of Representative Women, they also presented several papers, chaired sessions, and voted on resolutions impacting their gender. The World's Congress of Representative Women was an empowering turning point for how LDS women saw themselves and how they were viewed by their fellow Americans.Less
Mormon women were not only involved in the Territory of Utah's exhibitions and the Tabernacle Choir; they also were active participants in a variety of Columbian Exposition events, most notably the 1893 World's Congress of Representative Women. In Chicago, LDS women represented their religion and their gender, both of which had been struggling for an improved position in America. Most historians are surprised to learn that Mormon women helped plan the first International Council of Women, held in conjunction with the Chicago World's Fair of 1893. While in the White City, LDS women not only attended the week-long World's Congress of Representative Women, they also presented several papers, chaired sessions, and voted on resolutions impacting their gender. The World's Congress of Representative Women was an empowering turning point for how LDS women saw themselves and how they were viewed by their fellow Americans.
Fatemeh Sadeghi
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195369212
- eISBN:
- 9780199871179
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195369212.003.0017
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society, Islam
Iranian society has changed considerably since the Iranian revolution of 1979 and the establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Iranian youth practice new lifestyles and constitute a distinct ...
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Iranian society has changed considerably since the Iranian revolution of 1979 and the establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Iranian youth practice new lifestyles and constitute a distinct generation. This chapter looks at ways to interpret the changes that have occurred among the younger generation, especially young women. This generation does not seem as Islamic as the ideological government had expected it to be. Based on research done in 2005 to 2006 through in-depth interviews with young, urban Iranian women about their private and public lives, this chapter examines whether female youth are becoming less overtly traditional as they claim their own subjectivity. Many Iranian female youth are shaping their identity through negating or accepting conventional and legal sexual discourses mixed with some modern representations. Their presence in the public space has been accepted at the expense of reinforcing certain traditional power relationships.Less
Iranian society has changed considerably since the Iranian revolution of 1979 and the establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Iranian youth practice new lifestyles and constitute a distinct generation. This chapter looks at ways to interpret the changes that have occurred among the younger generation, especially young women. This generation does not seem as Islamic as the ideological government had expected it to be. Based on research done in 2005 to 2006 through in-depth interviews with young, urban Iranian women about their private and public lives, this chapter examines whether female youth are becoming less overtly traditional as they claim their own subjectivity. Many Iranian female youth are shaping their identity through negating or accepting conventional and legal sexual discourses mixed with some modern representations. Their presence in the public space has been accepted at the expense of reinforcing certain traditional power relationships.
Selina Todd
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199282753
- eISBN:
- 9780191712494
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199282753.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This introductory chapter presents the methodological and theoretical framework of the book. It points out that despite the centrality of England's young women worker to literature, social ...
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This introductory chapter presents the methodological and theoretical framework of the book. It points out that despite the centrality of England's young women worker to literature, social investigations, and the press — her expanding employment opportunities and social independence frequently cited as symbols of modernity — this book is the first to bring her into the historical limelight. In doing so, it draws on oral history, autobiography, and earnings and employment data.Less
This introductory chapter presents the methodological and theoretical framework of the book. It points out that despite the centrality of England's young women worker to literature, social investigations, and the press — her expanding employment opportunities and social independence frequently cited as symbols of modernity — this book is the first to bring her into the historical limelight. In doing so, it draws on oral history, autobiography, and earnings and employment data.
Suzanne Naafs
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195369212
- eISBN:
- 9780199871179
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195369212.003.0021
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society, Islam
This chapter deals with the images of young female artists prevalent in music video compact disks (VCDs) of national and regional music genres in Indonesia and what they reflect about youth ...
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This chapter deals with the images of young female artists prevalent in music video compact disks (VCDs) of national and regional music genres in Indonesia and what they reflect about youth lifestyles, Islamic morality, and generational shifts. The music videos of these young female artists reflect a variety of cross-cultural influences that are imported, adapted, recreated, and blended. These influences do not always correspond with prevailing norms about proper behavior and clothing styles for young Muslim women in Indonesia. The three music genres highlighted are pop Indonesia, dangdut, and pop Minang, in addition to western pop and rock. VCDs in these music genres are often directly aimed at teenagers and young adults; the artists portrayed promote not only their music, but a lifestyle. Even though the appropriation of trends and influences from abroad is not new, these VCDs are breaking new ground by combining images of global youth culture in a distinctive Indonesian context, thus adding a visual dimension to the music that previously was not there.Less
This chapter deals with the images of young female artists prevalent in music video compact disks (VCDs) of national and regional music genres in Indonesia and what they reflect about youth lifestyles, Islamic morality, and generational shifts. The music videos of these young female artists reflect a variety of cross-cultural influences that are imported, adapted, recreated, and blended. These influences do not always correspond with prevailing norms about proper behavior and clothing styles for young Muslim women in Indonesia. The three music genres highlighted are pop Indonesia, dangdut, and pop Minang, in addition to western pop and rock. VCDs in these music genres are often directly aimed at teenagers and young adults; the artists portrayed promote not only their music, but a lifestyle. Even though the appropriation of trends and influences from abroad is not new, these VCDs are breaking new ground by combining images of global youth culture in a distinctive Indonesian context, thus adding a visual dimension to the music that previously was not there.
Angel L. Harris
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199732180
- eISBN:
- 9780199866182
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199732180.003.0013
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
This chapter focuses on the gap between young men and young women in educational attainment. In several countries, young women are more engaged in their education and are completing credentials at ...
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This chapter focuses on the gap between young men and young women in educational attainment. In several countries, young women are more engaged in their education and are completing credentials at higher rates than are young men. From the perspective of rational choice theory, this is paradoxical: if young women benefit less than men from education, they ought to invest themselves less, not more, than men. Some scholars have attempted to explain this apparent paradox through the idea of a “Pollyanna hypothesis”—the notion that young women do not perceive themselves as economically underrewarded for their credentials and, being unaware, they continue eagerly to seek education. However, testing of the Pollyanna notion using data on adolescent educational attainment in the US state of Maryland shows that it lacks empirical validity. The young women in the study are quite aware that, as women, they will face economic discrimination. Notwithstanding this perception, young women invest themselves more in education than male adolescents: they spend more time on homework, are more likely to seek assistance with academic problems, and are more involved in school activities such as clubs. The anomaly or paradox, therefore, remains. Young women do not enjoy the same labor-market benefits from education as young men do; they are quite aware of this inequity, nevertheless young women invest more in their education than do their male counterparts.Less
This chapter focuses on the gap between young men and young women in educational attainment. In several countries, young women are more engaged in their education and are completing credentials at higher rates than are young men. From the perspective of rational choice theory, this is paradoxical: if young women benefit less than men from education, they ought to invest themselves less, not more, than men. Some scholars have attempted to explain this apparent paradox through the idea of a “Pollyanna hypothesis”—the notion that young women do not perceive themselves as economically underrewarded for their credentials and, being unaware, they continue eagerly to seek education. However, testing of the Pollyanna notion using data on adolescent educational attainment in the US state of Maryland shows that it lacks empirical validity. The young women in the study are quite aware that, as women, they will face economic discrimination. Notwithstanding this perception, young women invest themselves more in education than male adolescents: they spend more time on homework, are more likely to seek assistance with academic problems, and are more involved in school activities such as clubs. The anomaly or paradox, therefore, remains. Young women do not enjoy the same labor-market benefits from education as young men do; they are quite aware of this inequity, nevertheless young women invest more in their education than do their male counterparts.
Elizabeth Hayes Turner
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195086881
- eISBN:
- 9780199854578
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195086881.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This chapter focuses on the contribution of the Young Women's Christian Association to make earning wages possible for women. The YWCA was the last major white women's organization to emerge in the ...
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This chapter focuses on the contribution of the Young Women's Christian Association to make earning wages possible for women. The YWCA was the last major white women's organization to emerge in the Progressive Era. It carried women activists in a new direction: towards the need for young working women. It brought protection especially to single working women. It shielded working girls from the dangers of city life. It also offered a variety of social and cultural outlets for young women. However, it did not include blacks. Jews and Catholics were eligible for membership though they did not have the right to join the board of directors. But it is important to remember that the opening of the YWCA doors was accomplished by the women's progressive community. It offered services to all white women, focusing on them and their needs like no other association at that time had done.Less
This chapter focuses on the contribution of the Young Women's Christian Association to make earning wages possible for women. The YWCA was the last major white women's organization to emerge in the Progressive Era. It carried women activists in a new direction: towards the need for young working women. It brought protection especially to single working women. It shielded working girls from the dangers of city life. It also offered a variety of social and cultural outlets for young women. However, it did not include blacks. Jews and Catholics were eligible for membership though they did not have the right to join the board of directors. But it is important to remember that the opening of the YWCA doors was accomplished by the women's progressive community. It offered services to all white women, focusing on them and their needs like no other association at that time had done.
Amanda H. Littauer
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781469623788
- eISBN:
- 9781469625195
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469623788.003.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Gender Studies
This introductory chapter traces the rise of sexual autonomy among young American women. Beginning in the late nineteenth century, urbanization presented opportunities for many young women to pursue ...
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This introductory chapter traces the rise of sexual autonomy among young American women. Beginning in the late nineteenth century, urbanization presented opportunities for many young women to pursue sexual relationships outside of heterosexual marriage. This further developed in the earlier half of the twentieth century when immigrant and working-class young women explored the amusements and commercial opportunities of city life, often on the arms of young men who paid for sex. Younger girls joined in despite scrutiny from the new juvenile courts. The rise of dating practices eroded parental and community control, and prostitution lost ground to taxi dancing, stripping, and erotic dancing. The period also saw the legalization of contraception and birth control which accelerated the separation of heterosexual sex from reproduction. In all of these ways, the sexual culture before World War II was already shifting and changing, opening up certain possibilities for sexual independence.Less
This introductory chapter traces the rise of sexual autonomy among young American women. Beginning in the late nineteenth century, urbanization presented opportunities for many young women to pursue sexual relationships outside of heterosexual marriage. This further developed in the earlier half of the twentieth century when immigrant and working-class young women explored the amusements and commercial opportunities of city life, often on the arms of young men who paid for sex. Younger girls joined in despite scrutiny from the new juvenile courts. The rise of dating practices eroded parental and community control, and prostitution lost ground to taxi dancing, stripping, and erotic dancing. The period also saw the legalization of contraception and birth control which accelerated the separation of heterosexual sex from reproduction. In all of these ways, the sexual culture before World War II was already shifting and changing, opening up certain possibilities for sexual independence.
Mary Beth Harris and Cynthia Franklin
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- April 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195172942
- eISBN:
- 9780199893249
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195172942.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Communities and Organizations, Children and Families
Taking Charge is the first empirically tested program of its kind, designed specifically to improve academic achievement and self-sufficiency for adolescent and teenage mothers, who face ...
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Taking Charge is the first empirically tested program of its kind, designed specifically to improve academic achievement and self-sufficiency for adolescent and teenage mothers, who face increased risk of dropping out and experiencing poverty. This eight-session, in-school group-intervention uses cognitive-behavioral principles to bolster life skills such as focusing on action, setting goals, solving problems, and coping. The message embedded in the curriculum is one of self-efficacy and self-confidence, drawing on young women's strengths and teaching them how to manage the challenges of school, relationships, parenting, and employment. A treatment manual with detailed guidelines for establishing and leading a culturally diverse group, this guide also reviews the successful results of three school-based trials of the program, illustrated with vignettes and containing the handouts and materials necessary to implement the program.Less
Taking Charge is the first empirically tested program of its kind, designed specifically to improve academic achievement and self-sufficiency for adolescent and teenage mothers, who face increased risk of dropping out and experiencing poverty. This eight-session, in-school group-intervention uses cognitive-behavioral principles to bolster life skills such as focusing on action, setting goals, solving problems, and coping. The message embedded in the curriculum is one of self-efficacy and self-confidence, drawing on young women's strengths and teaching them how to manage the challenges of school, relationships, parenting, and employment. A treatment manual with detailed guidelines for establishing and leading a culturally diverse group, this guide also reviews the successful results of three school-based trials of the program, illustrated with vignettes and containing the handouts and materials necessary to implement the program.
Sophia Sanchez
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520252493
- eISBN:
- 9780520944565
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520252493.003.0062
- Subject:
- Sociology, Gender and Sexuality
In November 2006, there was a ribbon-cutting ceremony at the new Juvenile Justice Center in San Francisco, and planners asked the Center for Young Women's Development (CYWD) to provide a speaker on ...
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In November 2006, there was a ribbon-cutting ceremony at the new Juvenile Justice Center in San Francisco, and planners asked the Center for Young Women's Development (CYWD) to provide a speaker on the Incarcerated Young Mothers' Bill of Rights, which had recently become policy for the new facility. The Incarcerated Young Mothers' Bill of Rights is now policy and aims to protect the rights of pregnant and parenting young mothers at San Francisco's new juvenile hall. This chapter focuses on the Incarcerated Young Mothers' Bill of Rights, a ten-point visionary document that seeks to draw a thick, bright line that prison authorities dare not cross, even though the incarcerated women in question are young and particularly vulnerable. The incarcerated young mothers have identified respect, information, and access to advocates as conditions of their lives in prison that they cannot do without. They want to keep or regain their health. They take their status as mothers very seriously and want the prison authorities to do the same.Less
In November 2006, there was a ribbon-cutting ceremony at the new Juvenile Justice Center in San Francisco, and planners asked the Center for Young Women's Development (CYWD) to provide a speaker on the Incarcerated Young Mothers' Bill of Rights, which had recently become policy for the new facility. The Incarcerated Young Mothers' Bill of Rights is now policy and aims to protect the rights of pregnant and parenting young mothers at San Francisco's new juvenile hall. This chapter focuses on the Incarcerated Young Mothers' Bill of Rights, a ten-point visionary document that seeks to draw a thick, bright line that prison authorities dare not cross, even though the incarcerated women in question are young and particularly vulnerable. The incarcerated young mothers have identified respect, information, and access to advocates as conditions of their lives in prison that they cannot do without. They want to keep or regain their health. They take their status as mothers very seriously and want the prison authorities to do the same.
Gail Hershatter
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520267701
- eISBN:
- 9780520950344
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520267701.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter focuses on the political activities of rural Chinese women during the 1950s. It re-examines the party-state campaign for marriage reform initiated by the Marriage Law. It discusses the ...
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This chapter focuses on the political activities of rural Chinese women during the 1950s. It re-examines the party-state campaign for marriage reform initiated by the Marriage Law. It discusses the appeal of activism to these young women; the reconfiguration of village space they helped to effect through song, dance, and attendance at meetings; their investments in the Marriage Law campaign that often left their own household arrangements untouched; and the painful decisions to divorce taken by a small minority of women.Less
This chapter focuses on the political activities of rural Chinese women during the 1950s. It re-examines the party-state campaign for marriage reform initiated by the Marriage Law. It discusses the appeal of activism to these young women; the reconfiguration of village space they helped to effect through song, dance, and attendance at meetings; their investments in the Marriage Law campaign that often left their own household arrangements untouched; and the painful decisions to divorce taken by a small minority of women.
Christine J. Gardner
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780520267275
- eISBN:
- 9780520950559
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520267275.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
A key argument in the evangelical sexual abstinence campaigns is that delaying sexual gratification today means a greater prize of true love and romance tomorrow. This theme is communicated through ...
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A key argument in the evangelical sexual abstinence campaigns is that delaying sexual gratification today means a greater prize of true love and romance tomorrow. This theme is communicated through the use of the fairy-tale narrative, complete with beautiful princesses in distress, valiant princes on horseback, and evil forces that threaten to steal the princesses' virginity. This chapter analyzes how the fairy-tale narrative both supports and subverts traditional gender roles. Young women may be waiting for their princes, but they are also taught that modestly covering their bodies exerts power and control over lustful young men. The young men, in turn, are actively pursuing and protecting their princesses, but they are also trapped and emasculated by their seemingly uncontrollable hormonal urges.Less
A key argument in the evangelical sexual abstinence campaigns is that delaying sexual gratification today means a greater prize of true love and romance tomorrow. This theme is communicated through the use of the fairy-tale narrative, complete with beautiful princesses in distress, valiant princes on horseback, and evil forces that threaten to steal the princesses' virginity. This chapter analyzes how the fairy-tale narrative both supports and subverts traditional gender roles. Young women may be waiting for their princes, but they are also taught that modestly covering their bodies exerts power and control over lustful young men. The young men, in turn, are actively pursuing and protecting their princesses, but they are also trapped and emasculated by their seemingly uncontrollable hormonal urges.
Marilyn Booth
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520224193
- eISBN:
- 9780520925212
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520224193.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
Labība Hāshim (c. 1880–1947) had published her monthly magazine Fatāt al-sharq (Young Woman of the East) just twice when, in December 1906, she announced a new department to publish items about women ...
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Labība Hāshim (c. 1880–1947) had published her monthly magazine Fatāt al-sharq (Young Woman of the East) just twice when, in December 1906, she announced a new department to publish items about women famed for their refinement and knowledge. Hashim's proclamation prefaced a three-page biography of the late Turco-Egyptian poet Aisha Taymār. Word for word, this biography had appeared twelve years earlier in Zaynab Fawwāz's Scattered Pearls on the Generations of the Mistresses of Seclusion. Hashim formed the parade of “Famous Women” who would march beneath the masthead of her long-running magazine. By 1910, at least four compendia of biographies of famous women had been written and/or published in Egypt. Fawwāz was the second Arab woman to write a biographical dictionary of women, after Maryam Nahhās (Nawfal) (1856–1888), another native of Lebanon and an almost exact contemporary of Maryam Makāriyūs. Fawwāz, Nahhās, and Hāshim were among the first generations of women to participate in an emerging discourse on gender's centrality in Egypt's struggle to wrest independence from colonial subjection.Less
Labība Hāshim (c. 1880–1947) had published her monthly magazine Fatāt al-sharq (Young Woman of the East) just twice when, in December 1906, she announced a new department to publish items about women famed for their refinement and knowledge. Hashim's proclamation prefaced a three-page biography of the late Turco-Egyptian poet Aisha Taymār. Word for word, this biography had appeared twelve years earlier in Zaynab Fawwāz's Scattered Pearls on the Generations of the Mistresses of Seclusion. Hashim formed the parade of “Famous Women” who would march beneath the masthead of her long-running magazine. By 1910, at least four compendia of biographies of famous women had been written and/or published in Egypt. Fawwāz was the second Arab woman to write a biographical dictionary of women, after Maryam Nahhās (Nawfal) (1856–1888), another native of Lebanon and an almost exact contemporary of Maryam Makāriyūs. Fawwāz, Nahhās, and Hāshim were among the first generations of women to participate in an emerging discourse on gender's centrality in Egypt's struggle to wrest independence from colonial subjection.
Anya Jabour
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780807831014
- eISBN:
- 9781469605166
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/9780807887646_jabour.12
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Gender Studies
For young women in the Old South, coming-of-age was a long and trying experience. To achieve full stature as adult women, southern girls had to go through a series of rites of passage that marked the ...
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For young women in the Old South, coming-of-age was a long and trying experience. To achieve full stature as adult women, southern girls had to go through a series of rites of passage that marked the transitions from one life stage to another and required them to embrace new roles and responsibilities. As they assumed the responsibilities of adulthood, southern women also accepted the subordination of womanhood, a situation that changed dramatically during the Civil War. This chapter explores how the American Civil War altered the possibilities open to young southern women, causing a profound change in the process and the meaning of growing up female in the antebellum Old South. It focuses on the experience of Sarah Morgan, who witnessed the destruction of the Civil War firsthand in the occupied city of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and longed to don her brother's Confederate uniform but turned aside at the last moment for fear that her pet bird, a canary, might witness her in male attire. The chapter also considers the politicization and nationalism of young southern women during the war, along with the impact of the war on their prospects for marriage.Less
For young women in the Old South, coming-of-age was a long and trying experience. To achieve full stature as adult women, southern girls had to go through a series of rites of passage that marked the transitions from one life stage to another and required them to embrace new roles and responsibilities. As they assumed the responsibilities of adulthood, southern women also accepted the subordination of womanhood, a situation that changed dramatically during the Civil War. This chapter explores how the American Civil War altered the possibilities open to young southern women, causing a profound change in the process and the meaning of growing up female in the antebellum Old South. It focuses on the experience of Sarah Morgan, who witnessed the destruction of the Civil War firsthand in the occupied city of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and longed to don her brother's Confederate uniform but turned aside at the last moment for fear that her pet bird, a canary, might witness her in male attire. The chapter also considers the politicization and nationalism of young southern women during the war, along with the impact of the war on their prospects for marriage.
Gail Hershatter
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520267701
- eISBN:
- 9780520950344
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520267701.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter examines how Chinese village women campaigned and embodied state initiatives in a localized, even personalized way. It describes the situation of women against the backdrop of the ...
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This chapter examines how Chinese village women campaigned and embodied state initiatives in a localized, even personalized way. It describes the situation of women against the backdrop of the national land reform campaign and the formation of mutual aid groups in the early 1950s and examines state attempts to develop local village leadership by assigning cadres. It explores the interaction between local women and young urban women organizers who conducted house-to-house mobilization of women while contending with their own problems of children left behind in the cities.Less
This chapter examines how Chinese village women campaigned and embodied state initiatives in a localized, even personalized way. It describes the situation of women against the backdrop of the national land reform campaign and the formation of mutual aid groups in the early 1950s and examines state attempts to develop local village leadership by assigning cadres. It explores the interaction between local women and young urban women organizers who conducted house-to-house mobilization of women while contending with their own problems of children left behind in the cities.
Ilse Julkunen and Ira Malmberg-heimonen
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861343680
- eISBN:
- 9781447304388
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861343680.003.0009
- Subject:
- Social Work, Social Policy
This chapter examines young women's experiences of unemployment in Finland, Sweden, Germany and Spain. It describes how different predictors and buffers affect mental health in different countries. ...
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This chapter examines young women's experiences of unemployment in Finland, Sweden, Germany and Spain. It describes how different predictors and buffers affect mental health in different countries. It starts by comparing the labour market context of women and cross-country differences regarding welfare arrangements. It then presents a short overview of research concerning unemployment and wellbeing among women. The empirical research is reported, which covers a comparison of mental health problems among young unemployed women and men, and further explores the influence of different buffers and predictors of mental health problems among women in countries with different breadwinner models. Financial dependency predicts mental health problems among unemployed young women in Finland, Sweden and Spain. In Germany, no substantial effects are found in relation to the predicting variables. The results demonstrate that the buffers and predictors of mental health problems among unemployed women vary between dual and male breadwinner model countries.Less
This chapter examines young women's experiences of unemployment in Finland, Sweden, Germany and Spain. It describes how different predictors and buffers affect mental health in different countries. It starts by comparing the labour market context of women and cross-country differences regarding welfare arrangements. It then presents a short overview of research concerning unemployment and wellbeing among women. The empirical research is reported, which covers a comparison of mental health problems among young unemployed women and men, and further explores the influence of different buffers and predictors of mental health problems among women in countries with different breadwinner models. Financial dependency predicts mental health problems among unemployed young women in Finland, Sweden and Spain. In Germany, no substantial effects are found in relation to the predicting variables. The results demonstrate that the buffers and predictors of mental health problems among unemployed women vary between dual and male breadwinner model countries.
Lucia Mcmahon
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801450525
- eISBN:
- 9780801465888
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801450525.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
This chapter focuses on the educational experiences of early national women. Drawing on number of primary source materials, including women's private journals and letters, student journals and ...
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This chapter focuses on the educational experiences of early national women. Drawing on number of primary source materials, including women's private journals and letters, student journals and compositions, and published orations, essays, and school catalogues, it uncovers evidence of female students' educational journeys. Evidence from these various writings suggests that education mattered deeply to those women, who were among the first generations to benefit from changes in the early national educational landscape. Women used education and knowledge as tools of self-fashioning, constructing identities for themselves that privileged the importance and worthiness of their educational endeavors. Young women also demonstrated their awareness of the frequent public discourse and debate surrounding women's education. Reluctant to be cast as the coquette or the pedant, women approached education with optimism, determined to fashion positive identities as learned women. Exploring the interplay between public representations and personal experiences, the chapter examines women's educational acquisitions as both individual and social enterprises. What did access to education mean to young women? How did the acquisition of new forms of knowledge shape women's sense of themselves? Did the pursuit of intellectual equality inspire women to live merely as the equals of man?Less
This chapter focuses on the educational experiences of early national women. Drawing on number of primary source materials, including women's private journals and letters, student journals and compositions, and published orations, essays, and school catalogues, it uncovers evidence of female students' educational journeys. Evidence from these various writings suggests that education mattered deeply to those women, who were among the first generations to benefit from changes in the early national educational landscape. Women used education and knowledge as tools of self-fashioning, constructing identities for themselves that privileged the importance and worthiness of their educational endeavors. Young women also demonstrated their awareness of the frequent public discourse and debate surrounding women's education. Reluctant to be cast as the coquette or the pedant, women approached education with optimism, determined to fashion positive identities as learned women. Exploring the interplay between public representations and personal experiences, the chapter examines women's educational acquisitions as both individual and social enterprises. What did access to education mean to young women? How did the acquisition of new forms of knowledge shape women's sense of themselves? Did the pursuit of intellectual equality inspire women to live merely as the equals of man?
Anya Jabour
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780807831014
- eISBN:
- 9781469605166
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/9780807887646_jabour.7
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Gender Studies
This chapter examines the difficulties that beset young women in the nineteenth-century Old South as they finished college and confronted their adult destiny as wives and mothers. It focuses on the ...
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This chapter examines the difficulties that beset young women in the nineteenth-century Old South as they finished college and confronted their adult destiny as wives and mothers. It focuses on the personal experience of Laura Henrietta Wirt, a Washington, D.C. resident who declared that “it will never do for me to be married,” tutored her younger siblings, and dreamed of establishing a “charming happy hall” for single women with her cousin, Louisa Cabell. The chapter considers Laura's reluctance to commit herself to marriage as a form of resistance explored by young southern women, as well as the time that Laura and Louisa spent as single women. It also discusses southern girls' desire to maintain female friendships, and how this was often thwarted not only by physical distance but also by social conventions. Finally, the chapter highlights the search for “single blessedness” as one of the southern girls' most creative—although ultimately unsuccessful—forms of resistance.Less
This chapter examines the difficulties that beset young women in the nineteenth-century Old South as they finished college and confronted their adult destiny as wives and mothers. It focuses on the personal experience of Laura Henrietta Wirt, a Washington, D.C. resident who declared that “it will never do for me to be married,” tutored her younger siblings, and dreamed of establishing a “charming happy hall” for single women with her cousin, Louisa Cabell. The chapter considers Laura's reluctance to commit herself to marriage as a form of resistance explored by young southern women, as well as the time that Laura and Louisa spent as single women. It also discusses southern girls' desire to maintain female friendships, and how this was often thwarted not only by physical distance but also by social conventions. Finally, the chapter highlights the search for “single blessedness” as one of the southern girls' most creative—although ultimately unsuccessful—forms of resistance.
Anya Jabour
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780807831014
- eISBN:
- 9781469605166
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/9780807887646_jabour.8
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Gender Studies
This chapter examines the rituals of courtship involving young women in the nineteenth-century Old South. More specifically, it considers the young southern women's quest for self-determination ...
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This chapter examines the rituals of courtship involving young women in the nineteenth-century Old South. More specifically, it considers the young southern women's quest for self-determination during the process of courtship as an ongoing form of resistance and at the same time as the cultural ideal of the southern belle. The chapter focuses on the personal experience of Ella Noland, the daughter of Virginia planter Lloyd Noland, who enjoyed “a most delightful winter” with her female friends and male admirers in Richmond prior to her engagement. It highlights the resistance of young southern women to marriage, who instead relished “the prestige of being a belle” by dressing up, socializing, surrounding themselves with admirers, and generally devoting themselves to the pursuit of pleasure. Finally, the chapter considers how most southern belles used the rituals of courtship to find a mate, with whom they strove for intimacy.Less
This chapter examines the rituals of courtship involving young women in the nineteenth-century Old South. More specifically, it considers the young southern women's quest for self-determination during the process of courtship as an ongoing form of resistance and at the same time as the cultural ideal of the southern belle. The chapter focuses on the personal experience of Ella Noland, the daughter of Virginia planter Lloyd Noland, who enjoyed “a most delightful winter” with her female friends and male admirers in Richmond prior to her engagement. It highlights the resistance of young southern women to marriage, who instead relished “the prestige of being a belle” by dressing up, socializing, surrounding themselves with admirers, and generally devoting themselves to the pursuit of pleasure. Finally, the chapter considers how most southern belles used the rituals of courtship to find a mate, with whom they strove for intimacy.
Annuska Derks
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824831288
- eISBN:
- 9780824869182
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824831288.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Asian Cultural Anthropology
This book offers a fascinating ethnography of young Cambodian women who move from the countryside to work in Cambodia's capital city, Phnom Penh. Female migration and urban employment are rising, ...
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This book offers a fascinating ethnography of young Cambodian women who move from the countryside to work in Cambodia's capital city, Phnom Penh. Female migration and urban employment are rising, triggered by Cambodia's transition from a closed socialist system to an open market economy. This book challenges the dominant views of these young rural women—that they are controlled by global economic forces and national development policies or trapped by restrictive customs and Cambodia's tragic history. The book shows instead how these women shape and influence the processes of change taking place in present-day Cambodia. Based on field research among women working in the garment industry, prostitution, and street trading, the book explores the complex interplay between their experiences and actions, gender roles, and the broader historical context. The focus on women involved in different kinds of work allows new insight into women's mobility, highlighting similarities and differences in working conditions and experiences. Young women's ability to utilize networks of increasing size and complexity allows them to move into and between geographic and social spaces that extend far beyond the village context. Women's mobility is further expressed in the flexible patterns of behavior that young rural women display when trying to fulfill their own “modern” aspirations along with their family obligations and cultural ideals.Less
This book offers a fascinating ethnography of young Cambodian women who move from the countryside to work in Cambodia's capital city, Phnom Penh. Female migration and urban employment are rising, triggered by Cambodia's transition from a closed socialist system to an open market economy. This book challenges the dominant views of these young rural women—that they are controlled by global economic forces and national development policies or trapped by restrictive customs and Cambodia's tragic history. The book shows instead how these women shape and influence the processes of change taking place in present-day Cambodia. Based on field research among women working in the garment industry, prostitution, and street trading, the book explores the complex interplay between their experiences and actions, gender roles, and the broader historical context. The focus on women involved in different kinds of work allows new insight into women's mobility, highlighting similarities and differences in working conditions and experiences. Young women's ability to utilize networks of increasing size and complexity allows them to move into and between geographic and social spaces that extend far beyond the village context. Women's mobility is further expressed in the flexible patterns of behavior that young rural women display when trying to fulfill their own “modern” aspirations along with their family obligations and cultural ideals.
Simon Harding
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9781447317173
- eISBN:
- 9781447317197
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447317173.003.0012
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
This chapter considers the role of girls and women within the social field which is identified as being highly gendered in its construction. Traditional gang perspectives on the roles of women and ...
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This chapter considers the role of girls and women within the social field which is identified as being highly gendered in its construction. Traditional gang perspectives on the roles of women and girls in the gang are addressed. Following this the value of social field analysis is considered as it offers a fresh perspective, moving beyond masculinity, to illustrate the agency of young women and how their social skill is key generating street capital. This chapter reveals the social skill spectrum of women in the social field. This chapter also considers how girls and young women generate street capital by acting as hider, fixers and mixers but mostly as information traders. Seeking to minimise risk of victimisation girls and young women strategise using social skill. Thos e without this resource may have to use sexual strategies instead, though this is an dangerous way to proceed. Finally tow gendered narratives are detailed.Less
This chapter considers the role of girls and women within the social field which is identified as being highly gendered in its construction. Traditional gang perspectives on the roles of women and girls in the gang are addressed. Following this the value of social field analysis is considered as it offers a fresh perspective, moving beyond masculinity, to illustrate the agency of young women and how their social skill is key generating street capital. This chapter reveals the social skill spectrum of women in the social field. This chapter also considers how girls and young women generate street capital by acting as hider, fixers and mixers but mostly as information traders. Seeking to minimise risk of victimisation girls and young women strategise using social skill. Thos e without this resource may have to use sexual strategies instead, though this is an dangerous way to proceed. Finally tow gendered narratives are detailed.
