Rolf Loeber, David P. Farrington, James C. Howell, and Machteld Hoeve
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199828166
- eISBN:
- 9780199951208
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199828166.003.0011
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
Section I of this chapter summarizes the most important points of Chapters 2 to 5 and relevant portions of Chapter 10 (which concerns European issues) by addressing key findings that are relevant for ...
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Section I of this chapter summarizes the most important points of Chapters 2 to 5 and relevant portions of Chapter 10 (which concerns European issues) by addressing key findings that are relevant for juveniles’ transition of offending from adolescence (up to age 18) into adulthood. Section I focuses on: (1) criminal careers, including criminal careers of special categories of offenders (e.g., drug dealers, homicide offenders); (2) explanations of persistence and desistance across adolescence and early adulthood; (3) vulnerable populations. Section II deals with practical issues and covers Chapters 6 to 9 and relevant portions of Chapter 10. The section focuses on six topics: (1) prediction and risk assessments to ascertain the risk of recidivism during the transition period between adolescence and adulthood; (2) legal boundaries between adolescence and adulthood and whether they need to be changed; (3) responses of the justice systems for juveniles and young adults; (4) preventive and remedial interventions outside of the justice system; (5) gender issues; and (6) ethnicity issues. Finally, Section III of this chapter contains the headline conclusions and recommendations for ways to move forward. Special sentencing and treatment provisions for young adult offenders and immaturity as mitigating factors are discussed.Less
Section I of this chapter summarizes the most important points of Chapters 2 to 5 and relevant portions of Chapter 10 (which concerns European issues) by addressing key findings that are relevant for juveniles’ transition of offending from adolescence (up to age 18) into adulthood. Section I focuses on: (1) criminal careers, including criminal careers of special categories of offenders (e.g., drug dealers, homicide offenders); (2) explanations of persistence and desistance across adolescence and early adulthood; (3) vulnerable populations. Section II deals with practical issues and covers Chapters 6 to 9 and relevant portions of Chapter 10. The section focuses on six topics: (1) prediction and risk assessments to ascertain the risk of recidivism during the transition period between adolescence and adulthood; (2) legal boundaries between adolescence and adulthood and whether they need to be changed; (3) responses of the justice systems for juveniles and young adults; (4) preventive and remedial interventions outside of the justice system; (5) gender issues; and (6) ethnicity issues. Finally, Section III of this chapter contains the headline conclusions and recommendations for ways to move forward. Special sentencing and treatment provisions for young adult offenders and immaturity as mitigating factors are discussed.
Kathleen Garces-Foley
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195311082
- eISBN:
- 9780199785322
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195311082.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter explores the role young adults are playing in the push toward multiethnic churches and the converging factors — both secular and religious — that have contributed to their diversity. ...
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This chapter explores the role young adults are playing in the push toward multiethnic churches and the converging factors — both secular and religious — that have contributed to their diversity. InterVarsity has played a key role in the lives of many young people at Evergreen. The ways in which InterVarsity in Los Angeles addresses diversity and racial reconciliation is examined. While many white evangelicals appeal to a color-blind, individual reconciliation approach to diversity, InterVarsity in Los Angeles has stressed ethnic diversity and, increasingly, social justice in its teaching on racial reconciliation.Less
This chapter explores the role young adults are playing in the push toward multiethnic churches and the converging factors — both secular and religious — that have contributed to their diversity. InterVarsity has played a key role in the lives of many young people at Evergreen. The ways in which InterVarsity in Los Angeles addresses diversity and racial reconciliation is examined. While many white evangelicals appeal to a color-blind, individual reconciliation approach to diversity, InterVarsity in Los Angeles has stressed ethnic diversity and, increasingly, social justice in its teaching on racial reconciliation.
Anne Grinyer
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199599295
- eISBN:
- 9780191731532
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199599295.003.0037
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Patient Care and End-of-Life Decision Making
This chapter discusses the provision of age-appropriate end of life care to adolescents and young adults. The particular needs of the age group have been recognized in policy documents and measures ...
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This chapter discusses the provision of age-appropriate end of life care to adolescents and young adults. The particular needs of the age group have been recognized in policy documents and measures are being taken to meet those needs. Individual hospices are responding to the needs of their adolescent and young adult users, both chronic and acute, and are taking steps to ensure that the care setting is age-appropriate. Even if resources are limited, if the philosophy that underpins age-appropriate care can be implemented across the range of hospice provision and coupled with training packages, shared care, and early planning for transition, this will make a significant contribution to meeting the needs of the age group.Less
This chapter discusses the provision of age-appropriate end of life care to adolescents and young adults. The particular needs of the age group have been recognized in policy documents and measures are being taken to meet those needs. Individual hospices are responding to the needs of their adolescent and young adult users, both chronic and acute, and are taking steps to ensure that the care setting is age-appropriate. Even if resources are limited, if the philosophy that underpins age-appropriate care can be implemented across the range of hospice provision and coupled with training packages, shared care, and early planning for transition, this will make a significant contribution to meeting the needs of the age group.
Cheryl L. Grady
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195156744
- eISBN:
- 9780199864171
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195156744.003.0012
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Behavioral Neuroscience, Development
This chapter reviews functional neuroimaging studies of memory in young adults, older adults, and patients with dementia that have used the traditional univariate subtraction approach. It shows how ...
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This chapter reviews functional neuroimaging studies of memory in young adults, older adults, and patients with dementia that have used the traditional univariate subtraction approach. It shows how examination of functional connectivity can be useful in identifying between-group differences not possible with univariate approaches. It focuses on changes involving prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus because these areas are thought by some to be particularly vulnerable to aging, and much of the neuroimaging literature on memory has focused on these regions.Less
This chapter reviews functional neuroimaging studies of memory in young adults, older adults, and patients with dementia that have used the traditional univariate subtraction approach. It shows how examination of functional connectivity can be useful in identifying between-group differences not possible with univariate approaches. It focuses on changes involving prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus because these areas are thought by some to be particularly vulnerable to aging, and much of the neuroimaging literature on memory has focused on these regions.
Rolf Loeber and David P. Farrington
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199828166
- eISBN:
- 9780199951208
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199828166.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
This chapter intrudes the key elements of this volume. This volume focuses on the age period between mid adolescence and early adulthood (roughly ages 15-29) and it addresses what we know about ...
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This chapter intrudes the key elements of this volume. This volume focuses on the age period between mid adolescence and early adulthood (roughly ages 15-29) and it addresses what we know about offending careers from the juvenile to the adult years. The volume draws on studies in North America and Europe and focuses on four key groups of young people: Juveniles whose offending persists from adolescence into early adulthood (and perhaps later); juvenile offenders who desisted during adolescence and do not continue to offend in early adulthood; adult-onset offenders who did not offend during adolescence but who became offenders during early adulthood; and, lastly, non-offenders who do not offend either in adolescence or early adulthood. Many juvenile delinquents tend to stop offending in late adolescence and early adulthood and this decrease is accompanied by a decrease in their impulsive behavior and an increase in their self-control. In most states in the U.S. the legal transition between adolescence and adulthood takes place at age 18. However, this age demarcation maps poorly onto maturational processes; research shows that many young people by age 18 do not yet have full control over their behavior and that brain maturation is not yet complete at that age. The implications of these findings for juvenile and adult justice are profound. Preventive and remedial interventions in and outside the justice system often shorten delinquency careers and reduce recidivism in adulthood.Less
This chapter intrudes the key elements of this volume. This volume focuses on the age period between mid adolescence and early adulthood (roughly ages 15-29) and it addresses what we know about offending careers from the juvenile to the adult years. The volume draws on studies in North America and Europe and focuses on four key groups of young people: Juveniles whose offending persists from adolescence into early adulthood (and perhaps later); juvenile offenders who desisted during adolescence and do not continue to offend in early adulthood; adult-onset offenders who did not offend during adolescence but who became offenders during early adulthood; and, lastly, non-offenders who do not offend either in adolescence or early adulthood. Many juvenile delinquents tend to stop offending in late adolescence and early adulthood and this decrease is accompanied by a decrease in their impulsive behavior and an increase in their self-control. In most states in the U.S. the legal transition between adolescence and adulthood takes place at age 18. However, this age demarcation maps poorly onto maturational processes; research shows that many young people by age 18 do not yet have full control over their behavior and that brain maturation is not yet complete at that age. The implications of these findings for juvenile and adult justice are profound. Preventive and remedial interventions in and outside the justice system often shorten delinquency careers and reduce recidivism in adulthood.
Lars Nyberg
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195156744
- eISBN:
- 9780199864171
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195156744.003.0013
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Behavioral Neuroscience, Development
This chapter begins with a review of studies on the effectiveness of various forms of cognitive training on the performance of younger and older adults. It then presents results from structural and ...
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This chapter begins with a review of studies on the effectiveness of various forms of cognitive training on the performance of younger and older adults. It then presents results from structural and functional neuroimaging studies that address the issue of which neurobiological factors explain reduced plasticity in older age. Finally, some important and unresolved issues for future research are highlighted.Less
This chapter begins with a review of studies on the effectiveness of various forms of cognitive training on the performance of younger and older adults. It then presents results from structural and functional neuroimaging studies that address the issue of which neurobiological factors explain reduced plasticity in older age. Finally, some important and unresolved issues for future research are highlighted.
Rebekah E. Smith
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195169669
- eISBN:
- 9780199847563
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195169669.003.0012
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
Younger adults often perform better than older adults do on memory tests. Researchers interested in these age-associated performance differences have at times drawn concepts from the “mainstream” ...
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Younger adults often perform better than older adults do on memory tests. Researchers interested in these age-associated performance differences have at times drawn concepts from the “mainstream” research (that is, research that focuses on younger adults) and applied these concepts to explain why older adults frequently do not remember as well as younger adults. This chapter looks at attempts to explain age differences in episodic memory as a function of relational and item-specific processing, and in some cases both kinds of processing. The focus is on studies comparing intentional retrospective memory in healthy younger (generally less than 30 years of age) and older adults (generally 60 years of age and older). The chapter primarily addresses three questions. First, are there age-related differences in item-specific processing? Second, are there age-related differences in relational processing? And finally, are there age-related differences in distinctive processing? The chapter concludes by relating three of the four points concerning distinctiveness raised by R. Reed Hunt to the literature on memory and aging.Less
Younger adults often perform better than older adults do on memory tests. Researchers interested in these age-associated performance differences have at times drawn concepts from the “mainstream” research (that is, research that focuses on younger adults) and applied these concepts to explain why older adults frequently do not remember as well as younger adults. This chapter looks at attempts to explain age differences in episodic memory as a function of relational and item-specific processing, and in some cases both kinds of processing. The focus is on studies comparing intentional retrospective memory in healthy younger (generally less than 30 years of age) and older adults (generally 60 years of age and older). The chapter primarily addresses three questions. First, are there age-related differences in item-specific processing? Second, are there age-related differences in relational processing? And finally, are there age-related differences in distinctive processing? The chapter concludes by relating three of the four points concerning distinctiveness raised by R. Reed Hunt to the literature on memory and aging.
Amy Dworsky
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195304961
- eISBN:
- 9780199863648
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195304961.003.0007
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families, Research and Evaluation
Approximately 20,000 foster youth are discharged by state child welfare agencies each year to live on their own. This chapter examines what happens to these foster youth after they leave care. It ...
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Approximately 20,000 foster youth are discharged by state child welfare agencies each year to live on their own. This chapter examines what happens to these foster youth after they leave care. It begins with a brief discussion of the motivation for and development of the Title IV-E Independent Living Program and its successor, the John H. Chafee Foster Care Independence Program. It then reviews the literature on the outcomes of former foster youth. The review describes a number of previous studies that have examined the self-sufficiency of foster youth who aged out of care, discusses their methodological limitations, and summarizes the findings from this research. The chapter concludes with a discussion of some unanswered questions that researchers are beginning to address.Less
Approximately 20,000 foster youth are discharged by state child welfare agencies each year to live on their own. This chapter examines what happens to these foster youth after they leave care. It begins with a brief discussion of the motivation for and development of the Title IV-E Independent Living Program and its successor, the John H. Chafee Foster Care Independence Program. It then reviews the literature on the outcomes of former foster youth. The review describes a number of previous studies that have examined the self-sufficiency of foster youth who aged out of care, discusses their methodological limitations, and summarizes the findings from this research. The chapter concludes with a discussion of some unanswered questions that researchers are beginning to address.
Kathleen Garces-Foley
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195311082
- eISBN:
- 9780199785322
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195311082.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter speculates on the future development of multiethnic churches by looking at the factors that propelled Evergreen Baptist Church to its new identity. It is argued that the new Evergreen ...
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This chapter speculates on the future development of multiethnic churches by looking at the factors that propelled Evergreen Baptist Church to its new identity. It is argued that the new Evergreen reflects changing American attitudes toward diversity and a shift toward local engagement within evangelicalism. It is predicted that young adults will continue to play a pivotal role in the success of multiethnic churches. Lastly, after arguing throughout this volume for the influence of society on the development of multiethnic churches, the potential significance of multiethnic churches for societal race relations in light of the Evergreen case study is considered.Less
This chapter speculates on the future development of multiethnic churches by looking at the factors that propelled Evergreen Baptist Church to its new identity. It is argued that the new Evergreen reflects changing American attitudes toward diversity and a shift toward local engagement within evangelicalism. It is predicted that young adults will continue to play a pivotal role in the success of multiethnic churches. Lastly, after arguing throughout this volume for the influence of society on the development of multiethnic churches, the potential significance of multiethnic churches for societal race relations in light of the Evergreen case study is considered.
Tobin Belzer, Richard W. Flory, Nadia Roumani, and Brie Loskota
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823226474
- eISBN:
- 9780823236640
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fso/9780823226474.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Organized religion in the United States is on the threshold of a seismic shift. Today, religious and community leaders are witnessing a crisis in the transmission of ...
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Organized religion in the United States is on the threshold of a seismic shift. Today, religious and community leaders are witnessing a crisis in the transmission of religious memory, practice, and tradition to the next generation. In major urban centers across the United States, there is a generalized perception that individuals in their twenties and early thirties constitute a “black hole” in congregational life. Members of the young-adult population are simply missing from most churches, synagogues, and mosques. This chapter presents a study that explores the experiences and attitudes of young adults who are exceptions to the norm—namely, those who are actively participating in congregational life. Based on qualitative interviews and participant observation, the research team constructed profiles of Jewish, Christian (Protestant and Catholic), and Muslim congregations. To explore the intergenerational transmission of faith, they analyzed individuals within an institutional context and the institutions themselves. This research highlights the similarities and differences among and between individuals and congregations across four faith traditions.Less
Organized religion in the United States is on the threshold of a seismic shift. Today, religious and community leaders are witnessing a crisis in the transmission of religious memory, practice, and tradition to the next generation. In major urban centers across the United States, there is a generalized perception that individuals in their twenties and early thirties constitute a “black hole” in congregational life. Members of the young-adult population are simply missing from most churches, synagogues, and mosques. This chapter presents a study that explores the experiences and attitudes of young adults who are exceptions to the norm—namely, those who are actively participating in congregational life. Based on qualitative interviews and participant observation, the research team constructed profiles of Jewish, Christian (Protestant and Catholic), and Muslim congregations. To explore the intergenerational transmission of faith, they analyzed individuals within an institutional context and the institutions themselves. This research highlights the similarities and differences among and between individuals and congregations across four faith traditions.
Gary Remafedi
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195301533
- eISBN:
- 9780199863815
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195301533.003.0010
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter provides a systematic review of the experiences of gay and bisexual adolescents and youth in the United States that affect physical and mental health. It begins by addressing ...
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This chapter provides a systematic review of the experiences of gay and bisexual adolescents and youth in the United States that affect physical and mental health. It begins by addressing methodological issues in research. The bulk of the chapter provides a thorough overview of the causes, epidemiology, and disparities associated with common problems experienced by young gay and bisexual men including school problems, running away, homelessness, prostitution, substance abuse, suicide risk, eating disorders, and other risk behaviors and threats affecting health. The chapter then reviews what is known about promising responses to resolving the health disparities experienced by gay and bisexual adolescent boys and young men. It concludes by providing a vision for future that has direct implications for research, programs, and policy.Less
This chapter provides a systematic review of the experiences of gay and bisexual adolescents and youth in the United States that affect physical and mental health. It begins by addressing methodological issues in research. The bulk of the chapter provides a thorough overview of the causes, epidemiology, and disparities associated with common problems experienced by young gay and bisexual men including school problems, running away, homelessness, prostitution, substance abuse, suicide risk, eating disorders, and other risk behaviors and threats affecting health. The chapter then reviews what is known about promising responses to resolving the health disparities experienced by gay and bisexual adolescent boys and young men. It concludes by providing a vision for future that has direct implications for research, programs, and policy.
Márton Medgyesi and Ildikó Nagy
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190864798
- eISBN:
- 9780190864828
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190864798.003.0012
- Subject:
- Social Work, Social Policy, Communities and Organizations
This chapter examines income sharing by young adults living with their parents. Using data from EU-SILC 2010, the chapter explores the determinants of contributions to household expenses among young ...
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This chapter examines income sharing by young adults living with their parents. Using data from EU-SILC 2010, the chapter explores the determinants of contributions to household expenses among young adults (aged 18–34 years) living with their parents in 17 European Union countries. The examination finds that income sharing in the household tends to attenuate income differences between household members and to help members with low resources. The results also show inequalities in young adults’ experience of co-residence with parents: young adults in low-income households tend to contribute more to the household than do those in higher income homes. In addition, the results show that the majority of young adults benefit from intra-household sharing of resources. There is, however, a minority of young adults whose income is lower when the actual extent of income pooling is taken into account in the calculation of equivalized household income.Less
This chapter examines income sharing by young adults living with their parents. Using data from EU-SILC 2010, the chapter explores the determinants of contributions to household expenses among young adults (aged 18–34 years) living with their parents in 17 European Union countries. The examination finds that income sharing in the household tends to attenuate income differences between household members and to help members with low resources. The results also show inequalities in young adults’ experience of co-residence with parents: young adults in low-income households tend to contribute more to the household than do those in higher income homes. In addition, the results show that the majority of young adults benefit from intra-household sharing of resources. There is, however, a minority of young adults whose income is lower when the actual extent of income pooling is taken into account in the calculation of equivalized household income.
Diana Kuh and Rebecca Hardy (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780192632890
- eISBN:
- 9780191723629
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780192632890.001.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
How far is the health of middle-aged and older women shaped by biological, social, and psychological processes that begin in pre-natal development, childhood, adolescence, or early adult life? Do ...
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How far is the health of middle-aged and older women shaped by biological, social, and psychological processes that begin in pre-natal development, childhood, adolescence, or early adult life? Do health risks gradually accumulate over the life course or do experiences as a child and young adult have interactive effects on health in midlife and beyond? Are women now reaching middle age in better health than those from previous generations? This book reviews the latest scientific evidence on biological and social factors at each stage of life that have long-term effects on reproductive outcomes, breast cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, musculoskeletal ageing, depression, body weight, and body dissatisfaction. There is growing evidence that the sources of risk to physical and mental health occur across the course of life, not just in adult life, and in some instances reach right back to pre-natal development, or the previous generation. Contributors in this book draw on their varied expertise in epidemiology, endocrinology, physiology, developmental psychology, sociology, and anthropology to identify the pathways that link early life experiences, reproductive events, adult lifestyle and lifetime socio-economic circumstances to later health. This book looks for connections between development and ageing, and between the childhood and adult social environment.Less
How far is the health of middle-aged and older women shaped by biological, social, and psychological processes that begin in pre-natal development, childhood, adolescence, or early adult life? Do health risks gradually accumulate over the life course or do experiences as a child and young adult have interactive effects on health in midlife and beyond? Are women now reaching middle age in better health than those from previous generations? This book reviews the latest scientific evidence on biological and social factors at each stage of life that have long-term effects on reproductive outcomes, breast cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, musculoskeletal ageing, depression, body weight, and body dissatisfaction. There is growing evidence that the sources of risk to physical and mental health occur across the course of life, not just in adult life, and in some instances reach right back to pre-natal development, or the previous generation. Contributors in this book draw on their varied expertise in epidemiology, endocrinology, physiology, developmental psychology, sociology, and anthropology to identify the pathways that link early life experiences, reproductive events, adult lifestyle and lifetime socio-economic circumstances to later health. This book looks for connections between development and ageing, and between the childhood and adult social environment.
Charlotte J. Patterson
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199765218
- eISBN:
- 9780199979585
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199765218.003.0016
- Subject:
- Psychology, Developmental Psychology
Like others around them, lesbian, gay, and bisexual people are born into families, sustain lifelong relationships with members of their birth families, and create new families of their own. This ...
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Like others around them, lesbian, gay, and bisexual people are born into families, sustain lifelong relationships with members of their birth families, and create new families of their own. This chapter reviews psychological research and theory about families of origin. Based on a life course perspective, research on adolescents and young adults is reviewed first, followed by that on middle adulthood, and then by research on relationships with families of origin in later adulthood. An overview of research and theory on families of creation is presented next, focusing on the formation and maintenance of same-sex couple relationships as well as on issues related to parenthood. A third section presents a summary of research on children and other relatives of nonheterosexual individuals. The final section provides conclusions and suggestions for further research.Less
Like others around them, lesbian, gay, and bisexual people are born into families, sustain lifelong relationships with members of their birth families, and create new families of their own. This chapter reviews psychological research and theory about families of origin. Based on a life course perspective, research on adolescents and young adults is reviewed first, followed by that on middle adulthood, and then by research on relationships with families of origin in later adulthood. An overview of research and theory on families of creation is presented next, focusing on the formation and maintenance of same-sex couple relationships as well as on issues related to parenthood. A third section presents a summary of research on children and other relatives of nonheterosexual individuals. The final section provides conclusions and suggestions for further research.
Maggie Blyth, Enver Solomon, and Kerry Baker (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847420008
- eISBN:
- 9781447304364
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847420008.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families
Alongside the current media public preoccupation with high-risk offenders, there has been a shift towards a greater focus on risk and public protection in UK criminal justice policy. Much of the ...
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Alongside the current media public preoccupation with high-risk offenders, there has been a shift towards a greater focus on risk and public protection in UK criminal justice policy. Much of the academic debate has centred on the impact of the risk paradigm on adult offender management services; less attention has been given to the arena of youth justice and young adults. Yet, there are critical questions for both theory — are the principles of risk management the same when working with young people? — and practice — how can practitioners respond to those young people who cause serious harm to others? — that need to be considered. The chapters to this book consider risk not only in terms of public protection but also in terms of young people's own vulnerability to being harmed (either by others or through self-inflicted behaviour). One of the report's key objectives is to explore the links between these two distinct, but related, aspects of risk.Less
Alongside the current media public preoccupation with high-risk offenders, there has been a shift towards a greater focus on risk and public protection in UK criminal justice policy. Much of the academic debate has centred on the impact of the risk paradigm on adult offender management services; less attention has been given to the arena of youth justice and young adults. Yet, there are critical questions for both theory — are the principles of risk management the same when working with young people? — and practice — how can practitioners respond to those young people who cause serious harm to others? — that need to be considered. The chapters to this book consider risk not only in terms of public protection but also in terms of young people's own vulnerability to being harmed (either by others or through self-inflicted behaviour). One of the report's key objectives is to explore the links between these two distinct, but related, aspects of risk.
Anne H. Gauthier and Frank F. Furstenberg Jr.
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- February 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226748894
- eISBN:
- 9780226748924
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226748924.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Education
Time use among young people varies greatly during the transition to adulthood and is strongly regulated by social roles, constraints, and obligations. Yet, time use has not been one of the indicators ...
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Time use among young people varies greatly during the transition to adulthood and is strongly regulated by social roles, constraints, and obligations. Yet, time use has not been one of the indicators traditionally used by scholars to study adult transitions. This chapter examines broad historical trends in patterns of time use among young adults as they make their transition to adulthood. It poses two main questions: whether patterns of time use among young adults have changed since the 1970s and whether there has been a convergence in the patterns of time use of men and women. To answer these questions, the chapter uses a series of time-use surveys carried out in eleven industrialized countries since the 1970s. For each of these subgroups of young adults, the chapter identifies seven broad categories of time use: education, paid work, housework, child care, leisure, personal activities, and travel to and from school and/or work.Less
Time use among young people varies greatly during the transition to adulthood and is strongly regulated by social roles, constraints, and obligations. Yet, time use has not been one of the indicators traditionally used by scholars to study adult transitions. This chapter examines broad historical trends in patterns of time use among young adults as they make their transition to adulthood. It poses two main questions: whether patterns of time use among young adults have changed since the 1970s and whether there has been a convergence in the patterns of time use of men and women. To answer these questions, the chapter uses a series of time-use surveys carried out in eleven industrialized countries since the 1970s. For each of these subgroups of young adults, the chapter identifies seven broad categories of time use: education, paid work, housework, child care, leisure, personal activities, and travel to and from school and/or work.
Lars Nyberg and Lars Bäckman
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198525691
- eISBN:
- 9780191689369
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198525691.003.0007
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
This chapter summarizes functional brain imaging studies of working memory and episodic memory in younger adults. Studies with positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance ...
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This chapter summarizes functional brain imaging studies of working memory and episodic memory in younger adults. Studies with positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are considered, with a special focus on prefrontal cortex (PFC) activations. It then reviews studies that have compared brain activity in younger and older adults during actual task performance. Following this, recent imaging research on dopaminergic neurotransmission as related to cognitive aging is discussed. Finally, some caveats and directions for future research are outlined.Less
This chapter summarizes functional brain imaging studies of working memory and episodic memory in younger adults. Studies with positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are considered, with a special focus on prefrontal cortex (PFC) activations. It then reviews studies that have compared brain activity in younger and older adults during actual task performance. Following this, recent imaging research on dopaminergic neurotransmission as related to cognitive aging is discussed. Finally, some caveats and directions for future research are outlined.
Manuela du Bois-Reymond and Andreu López Blasco
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861345547
- eISBN:
- 9781447304357
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861345547.003.0002
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Stratification, Inequality, and Mobility
This chapter provides a theoretical framework for understanding the structural and biographical changes that have led to a destandardisation of young people's transitions. Illustrated by the metaphor ...
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This chapter provides a theoretical framework for understanding the structural and biographical changes that have led to a destandardisation of young people's transitions. Illustrated by the metaphor of the ‘yo-yo’, the central concepts in the chapter are young adults' transitions and misleading trajectories. By comparative analysis, non-intended effects of integration policies for young adults are related to institutional structures and procedures that continue to be inspired by the assumptions of gendered standard biographies and the possibility of full employment. The chapter also introduces the perspective of Integrated Transition Policies (ITPs) that start from the basis of individual biographies and are coordinated in a cross-sector manner.Less
This chapter provides a theoretical framework for understanding the structural and biographical changes that have led to a destandardisation of young people's transitions. Illustrated by the metaphor of the ‘yo-yo’, the central concepts in the chapter are young adults' transitions and misleading trajectories. By comparative analysis, non-intended effects of integration policies for young adults are related to institutional structures and procedures that continue to be inspired by the assumptions of gendered standard biographies and the possibility of full employment. The chapter also introduces the perspective of Integrated Transition Policies (ITPs) that start from the basis of individual biographies and are coordinated in a cross-sector manner.
Jessica R. McCort
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781496806444
- eISBN:
- 9781496806482
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781496806444.003.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century and Contemporary Literature
The introduction begins the book’s discussion of why some children and young adults are drawn to horror. It attempts to define the term “horror,” especially in relation to children’s literature and ...
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The introduction begins the book’s discussion of why some children and young adults are drawn to horror. It attempts to define the term “horror,” especially in relation to children’s literature and culture, and seeks to consider the ways in which frightening elements emerge in children’s literature and culture. It also provides an overview of the essays included in the volume and how they are in conversation with one another.Less
The introduction begins the book’s discussion of why some children and young adults are drawn to horror. It attempts to define the term “horror,” especially in relation to children’s literature and culture, and seeks to consider the ways in which frightening elements emerge in children’s literature and culture. It also provides an overview of the essays included in the volume and how they are in conversation with one another.
Tim Clydesdale and Kathleen Garces-Foley
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- July 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190931353
- eISBN:
- 9780190931384
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190931353.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Two out of 5 Catholic twentysomethings, or 3.2 million American young adults, attend worship a couple of times monthly or more. If all 3.2 million were to gather in the same place, they would become ...
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Two out of 5 Catholic twentysomethings, or 3.2 million American young adults, attend worship a couple of times monthly or more. If all 3.2 million were to gather in the same place, they would become America’s third-largest city. This chapter focuses on these religiously Active Catholics, drawing from ethnographies of a multigenerational mega-parish, a Catholic student center at a non-Catholic university, and two diocesan young adult ministries. This chapter describes how religiously active twentysomethings find these congregations and ministries, and what participation means to these young adult Catholics. This chapter also describes what characteristics these congregations and ministries have that most engages young adults, and how these engagements differ between college and post-college twentysomethings. The chapter closes with results from its National Study of American Twentysomethings, applying an active, nominal, and estranged typology to understand Catholic young adults, and offering a prediction about Catholic affiliation in the United States.Less
Two out of 5 Catholic twentysomethings, or 3.2 million American young adults, attend worship a couple of times monthly or more. If all 3.2 million were to gather in the same place, they would become America’s third-largest city. This chapter focuses on these religiously Active Catholics, drawing from ethnographies of a multigenerational mega-parish, a Catholic student center at a non-Catholic university, and two diocesan young adult ministries. This chapter describes how religiously active twentysomethings find these congregations and ministries, and what participation means to these young adult Catholics. This chapter also describes what characteristics these congregations and ministries have that most engages young adults, and how these engagements differ between college and post-college twentysomethings. The chapter closes with results from its National Study of American Twentysomethings, applying an active, nominal, and estranged typology to understand Catholic young adults, and offering a prediction about Catholic affiliation in the United States.
