Mark Tatham and Katherine Morton
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199250677
- eISBN:
- 9780191719462
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199250677.003.0018
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Phonetics / Phonology
The book concludes with a brief summary of the approach to modelling speech production and perception. The relationship between linguistic and biological modelling is emphasized. Focus is given to ...
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The book concludes with a brief summary of the approach to modelling speech production and perception. The relationship between linguistic and biological modelling is emphasized. Focus is given to the wrapper model and the way in which speech production and perception are probably tightly integrated in the human being, and certainly usefully modelled as such.Less
The book concludes with a brief summary of the approach to modelling speech production and perception. The relationship between linguistic and biological modelling is emphasized. Focus is given to the wrapper model and the way in which speech production and perception are probably tightly integrated in the human being, and certainly usefully modelled as such.
Mark Tatham and Katherine Morton
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199250677
- eISBN:
- 9780191719462
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199250677.003.0017
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Phonetics / Phonology
This chapter proposes a speech production architecture in which all speech occurs within two larger frameworks called wrappers. The overall wrapper is expression; the next wrapper is prosody. ...
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This chapter proposes a speech production architecture in which all speech occurs within two larger frameworks called wrappers. The overall wrapper is expression; the next wrapper is prosody. Expression and prosody are defined as used in this book. Within a prosodic framework, planning and rendering (carrying out the plan to speak by moving the articulators) is presented. Cognitive and physical processes and their phonological and phonetic correlates are discussed.Less
This chapter proposes a speech production architecture in which all speech occurs within two larger frameworks called wrappers. The overall wrapper is expression; the next wrapper is prosody. Expression and prosody are defined as used in this book. Within a prosodic framework, planning and rendering (carrying out the plan to speak by moving the articulators) is presented. Cognitive and physical processes and their phonological and phonetic correlates are discussed.
Mark Tatham and Katherine Morton
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199250677
- eISBN:
- 9780191719462
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199250677.003.0008
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Phonetics / Phonology
This chapter emphasizes the notion that human speech is listener-centred; speech is intended to be heard and understood. Adding expressive and emotive content provides the listener with information ...
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This chapter emphasizes the notion that human speech is listener-centred; speech is intended to be heard and understood. Adding expressive and emotive content provides the listener with information about the speaker’s identity (gender, age, education, etc.), the speaker’s attitude and feelings toward the listener, and the nature of what is being said. Adding this to synthesis presents problems, including determining the most useful type of synthesizer, incorporating a proposed prosodic wrapper for speech, linking parameters of emotive content with acoustic parameters, and with underlying theory constructs such as category labels or parameters for driving the synthesizer. The relationship between high- and low-level synthesis, and how to incorporate a range of emotive content and voice quality are discussed.Less
This chapter emphasizes the notion that human speech is listener-centred; speech is intended to be heard and understood. Adding expressive and emotive content provides the listener with information about the speaker’s identity (gender, age, education, etc.), the speaker’s attitude and feelings toward the listener, and the nature of what is being said. Adding this to synthesis presents problems, including determining the most useful type of synthesizer, incorporating a proposed prosodic wrapper for speech, linking parameters of emotive content with acoustic parameters, and with underlying theory constructs such as category labels or parameters for driving the synthesizer. The relationship between high- and low-level synthesis, and how to incorporate a range of emotive content and voice quality are discussed.
Mark Tatham and Katherine Morton
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199250677
- eISBN:
- 9780191719462
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199250677.003.0014
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Phonetics / Phonology
This chapter defines expressive speech as used in this book. The concept of a composite acoustic waveform is presented, consisting of two components: the basic message and expression. The speaker ...
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This chapter defines expressive speech as used in this book. The concept of a composite acoustic waveform is presented, consisting of two components: the basic message and expression. The speaker plans an utterance, a listener assigns labels to that utterance, and arrives at a percept which recovers the intended message. This differs from other models which do not emphasize the assignment of labels or symbolic representation to the waveform. Another difference is the proposal that speaking occurs within an overall expressive wrapper. Short term and long term expression is discussed and the role of the listener is emphasized.Less
This chapter defines expressive speech as used in this book. The concept of a composite acoustic waveform is presented, consisting of two components: the basic message and expression. The speaker plans an utterance, a listener assigns labels to that utterance, and arrives at a percept which recovers the intended message. This differs from other models which do not emphasize the assignment of labels or symbolic representation to the waveform. Another difference is the proposal that speaking occurs within an overall expressive wrapper. Short term and long term expression is discussed and the role of the listener is emphasized.
Mark Tatham and Katherine Morton
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199250677
- eISBN:
- 9780191719462
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199250677.003.0015
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Phonetics / Phonology
This chapter discusses neutral speech and expressive speech. A model is presented which proposes that all speech is expressive, and that speaking occurs within an expression wrapper. Neutral speech ...
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This chapter discusses neutral speech and expressive speech. A model is presented which proposes that all speech is expressive, and that speaking occurs within an expression wrapper. Neutral speech is a type of speaking which has the expressive content set to ‘neutral’, i.e., the parameters of expressive speech are set to near zero. The concept of an expression envelop is explained — a message is modulated onto a prosodic carrier. The possibility of relating emotion expression to the acoustic waveform is presented.Less
This chapter discusses neutral speech and expressive speech. A model is presented which proposes that all speech is expressive, and that speaking occurs within an expression wrapper. Neutral speech is a type of speaking which has the expressive content set to ‘neutral’, i.e., the parameters of expressive speech are set to near zero. The concept of an expression envelop is explained — a message is modulated onto a prosodic carrier. The possibility of relating emotion expression to the acoustic waveform is presented.
Bracha Yaniv
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- February 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781906764180
- eISBN:
- 9781800343320
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781906764180.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
Richly illustrated and meticulously documented, this is the first comprehensive survey of synagogue textiles to be available in English. The book records their evolution from ancient times to the ...
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Richly illustrated and meticulously documented, this is the first comprehensive survey of synagogue textiles to be available in English. The book records their evolution from ancient times to the present. It contains a systematic consideration of the mantle, the wrapper, the Torah scroll binder, and the Torah ark curtain and valance, and considers the cultural factors that inspired the evolution of these different items and their motifs. Fabrics, techniques, and modes of production are described in detail; the inscriptions marking the circumstances of donation are similarly subjected to close analysis. Fully annotated plates demonstrate the richness of the styles and traditions in use in different parts of the Jewish diaspora, drawing attention to regional customs. Throughout, emphasis is placed on presenting and explaining all relevant aspects of the Jewish cultural heritage. The concluding section contains transcriptions, translations, and annotations of some 180 inscriptions recording the circumstances in which items were donated, providing a valuable survey of customs of dedication. The volume is an invaluable reference work for the scholarly community, museum curators, and others interested in the Jewish cultural heritage.Less
Richly illustrated and meticulously documented, this is the first comprehensive survey of synagogue textiles to be available in English. The book records their evolution from ancient times to the present. It contains a systematic consideration of the mantle, the wrapper, the Torah scroll binder, and the Torah ark curtain and valance, and considers the cultural factors that inspired the evolution of these different items and their motifs. Fabrics, techniques, and modes of production are described in detail; the inscriptions marking the circumstances of donation are similarly subjected to close analysis. Fully annotated plates demonstrate the richness of the styles and traditions in use in different parts of the Jewish diaspora, drawing attention to regional customs. Throughout, emphasis is placed on presenting and explaining all relevant aspects of the Jewish cultural heritage. The concluding section contains transcriptions, translations, and annotations of some 180 inscriptions recording the circumstances in which items were donated, providing a valuable survey of customs of dedication. The volume is an invaluable reference work for the scholarly community, museum curators, and others interested in the Jewish cultural heritage.
Douglas Cumming, Na Dai, and Sofia A. Johan
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199862566
- eISBN:
- 9780199332762
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199862566.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
A recurrent concern shared by market participants and regulators around the world is that the increasing size of the hedge fund industry coupled with potential agency problems, activist investment ...
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A recurrent concern shared by market participants and regulators around the world is that the increasing size of the hedge fund industry coupled with potential agency problems, activist investment practices and herding behavior may exacerbate financial instability. Having said that, although it is frequently suggested that hedge funds are unregulated, hedge funds are in fact regulated at least to some degree in every country around the world. It is therefore worthwhile to consider such differences in legal and institutional settings across countries as they directly affect the structure, governance and performance of hedge funds. In this book, we consider international data including data from the US, Asia and Europe, to gain a significant amount of insight into how hedge funds operate on a global basis. While hedge funds are hardly regulated in the US, other jurisdictions implement different and sometimes more onerous sets of regulatory requirements. As explained in the book, international differences in hedge fund regulation include, but are not limited to, minimum capitalization requirements, restrictions on the location of key service providers and different permissible distribution channels via private placements, banks, other regulated or non-regulated financial intermediaries, wrappers, investment managers and fund distribution companies. Essentially, hedge fund regulatory structures differ across jurisdictions, so maybe we should not tar and feather all hedge funds with the same brush.Less
A recurrent concern shared by market participants and regulators around the world is that the increasing size of the hedge fund industry coupled with potential agency problems, activist investment practices and herding behavior may exacerbate financial instability. Having said that, although it is frequently suggested that hedge funds are unregulated, hedge funds are in fact regulated at least to some degree in every country around the world. It is therefore worthwhile to consider such differences in legal and institutional settings across countries as they directly affect the structure, governance and performance of hedge funds. In this book, we consider international data including data from the US, Asia and Europe, to gain a significant amount of insight into how hedge funds operate on a global basis. While hedge funds are hardly regulated in the US, other jurisdictions implement different and sometimes more onerous sets of regulatory requirements. As explained in the book, international differences in hedge fund regulation include, but are not limited to, minimum capitalization requirements, restrictions on the location of key service providers and different permissible distribution channels via private placements, banks, other regulated or non-regulated financial intermediaries, wrappers, investment managers and fund distribution companies. Essentially, hedge fund regulatory structures differ across jurisdictions, so maybe we should not tar and feather all hedge funds with the same brush.
Joan E. Taylor
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199554485
- eISBN:
- 9780191745911
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199554485.003.0011
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism, Biblical Studies
The Dead Sea Scrolls are one of the most important archaeological finds ever made. They are usually understood to have been hidden away quickly ahead of a Roman advance in 68 ce. However, the ...
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The Dead Sea Scrolls are one of the most important archaeological finds ever made. They are usually understood to have been hidden away quickly ahead of a Roman advance in 68 ce. However, the archaeological evidence testifying to the method of their containment in jars in caves indicates that they were carefully wrapped up in quality scroll wrappers and placed in sealed jars, with bitumen plugs, and this would have taken a long time to do. In addition, the remaining Dead Sea Scrolls are a tiny remainder of an original vast cache of manuscripts placed in caves. The scrolls make better sense if they are seen as purposeful burials, the final resting places of multiple genizahs — collections of old or heterodox scrolls. They were buried by the Essenes in order to preserve them till the End, in order to show reverence for the name of God or other holy references they contained. The reasons why some Essenes were living beside the Dead Sea must have something to do with the processes they needed to bury sacred scrolls in the caves along the north-western coast.Less
The Dead Sea Scrolls are one of the most important archaeological finds ever made. They are usually understood to have been hidden away quickly ahead of a Roman advance in 68 ce. However, the archaeological evidence testifying to the method of their containment in jars in caves indicates that they were carefully wrapped up in quality scroll wrappers and placed in sealed jars, with bitumen plugs, and this would have taken a long time to do. In addition, the remaining Dead Sea Scrolls are a tiny remainder of an original vast cache of manuscripts placed in caves. The scrolls make better sense if they are seen as purposeful burials, the final resting places of multiple genizahs — collections of old or heterodox scrolls. They were buried by the Essenes in order to preserve them till the End, in order to show reverence for the name of God or other holy references they contained. The reasons why some Essenes were living beside the Dead Sea must have something to do with the processes they needed to bury sacred scrolls in the caves along the north-western coast.
Douglas Cumming, Na Dai, and Sofia A. Johan
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199862566
- eISBN:
- 9780199332762
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199862566.003.0009
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
Chapter 9 discusses the idea that performance persistence can either be enhanced or mitigated by financial regulation. An analysis of data from 48 countries spanning determines that international and ...
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Chapter 9 discusses the idea that performance persistence can either be enhanced or mitigated by financial regulation. An analysis of data from 48 countries spanning determines that international and time-series differences in hedge fund regulation exist for minimum capitalization requirements, restrictions on the location of key service providers, and permissible distribution channels. Overall, the analysis within this chapter supports for the idea that minimum capitalization enhances performance persistence, while restrictions on location mitigate performance persistence.Less
Chapter 9 discusses the idea that performance persistence can either be enhanced or mitigated by financial regulation. An analysis of data from 48 countries spanning determines that international and time-series differences in hedge fund regulation exist for minimum capitalization requirements, restrictions on the location of key service providers, and permissible distribution channels. Overall, the analysis within this chapter supports for the idea that minimum capitalization enhances performance persistence, while restrictions on location mitigate performance persistence.
Juliet Fleming
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780226390420
- eISBN:
- 9780226390567
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226390567.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
Derrida insisted on the importance of Melanie Klein to the work of cultural graphology. For it is the circumstanced temporality of writing, which includes human affect and the sexual impulses that ...
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Derrida insisted on the importance of Melanie Klein to the work of cultural graphology. For it is the circumstanced temporality of writing, which includes human affect and the sexual impulses that determine it, that gives rise to our experience of ideality and objectivity. The theory of object relations initiated by Klein and developed by the British school of psychoanalysis illuminates the experience of deferred meaning that, for Derrida, constitutes the archive. This chapter uses Klein’s thought to extend Derrida’s own attention to the mystery that is paper as the receptive surface for writing. Examining the mourning wrappers and black pages produced by sixteenth-century English printers to estrange the phenomenon of the page, it considers the fact that writing, as it is usually conceived, must be supported at or by a surface. It proposes, as an alternative thought, that writing is diffused through the depths of everything.Less
Derrida insisted on the importance of Melanie Klein to the work of cultural graphology. For it is the circumstanced temporality of writing, which includes human affect and the sexual impulses that determine it, that gives rise to our experience of ideality and objectivity. The theory of object relations initiated by Klein and developed by the British school of psychoanalysis illuminates the experience of deferred meaning that, for Derrida, constitutes the archive. This chapter uses Klein’s thought to extend Derrida’s own attention to the mystery that is paper as the receptive surface for writing. Examining the mourning wrappers and black pages produced by sixteenth-century English printers to estrange the phenomenon of the page, it considers the fact that writing, as it is usually conceived, must be supported at or by a surface. It proposes, as an alternative thought, that writing is diffused through the depths of everything.