Gøsta Esping‐Andersen
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198742005
- eISBN:
- 9780191599163
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198742002.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
This chapter and the next revisit the political economy within which post‐war welfare regimes emerged, matured, and, now, appear crisis‐ridden. Here, an analysis is made of the democratic class ...
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This chapter and the next revisit the political economy within which post‐war welfare regimes emerged, matured, and, now, appear crisis‐ridden. Here, an analysis is made of the democratic class struggle. The first section of the chapter looks at varieties of the struggle, and has subsections on models of industrial relations, employment regulation, and worker rights. The second section looks at de‐ruralization and post‐industrialization, and has subsections on family behaviour and full employment, and the declining correlates of class.Less
This chapter and the next revisit the political economy within which post‐war welfare regimes emerged, matured, and, now, appear crisis‐ridden. Here, an analysis is made of the democratic class struggle. The first section of the chapter looks at varieties of the struggle, and has subsections on models of industrial relations, employment regulation, and worker rights. The second section looks at de‐ruralization and post‐industrialization, and has subsections on family behaviour and full employment, and the declining correlates of class.
Adelyn Lim
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9789888139378
- eISBN:
- 9789888313174
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888139378.003.0005
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Gender Studies
This chapter examines advocacy for the recognition of prostitution as legitimate work and sex workers as working women. The global restructuring of capital has reinforced the exploitation of gendered ...
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This chapter examines advocacy for the recognition of prostitution as legitimate work and sex workers as working women. The global restructuring of capital has reinforced the exploitation of gendered and racialized labor within regional and national sites and the flow of migrants who engage in sexual labor has become a site of intense feminist specification and engagement. In Hong Kong, women activists may disagree on prostitution itself as a practice, but there is extensive agreement that sex workers' entitlement to do their work and demand for recognition of their human rights are essential to cultural-political transformation and women's empowerment. The framing of feminism involves integrating sex workers into agenda setting, reflecting on local organizational forms, rhetoric, and strategies in response to global socio-cultural, economic, and political forces, and imagining new priorities, initiatives, and activities in acknowledgment of evolving feminist understandings.Less
This chapter examines advocacy for the recognition of prostitution as legitimate work and sex workers as working women. The global restructuring of capital has reinforced the exploitation of gendered and racialized labor within regional and national sites and the flow of migrants who engage in sexual labor has become a site of intense feminist specification and engagement. In Hong Kong, women activists may disagree on prostitution itself as a practice, but there is extensive agreement that sex workers' entitlement to do their work and demand for recognition of their human rights are essential to cultural-political transformation and women's empowerment. The framing of feminism involves integrating sex workers into agenda setting, reflecting on local organizational forms, rhetoric, and strategies in response to global socio-cultural, economic, and political forces, and imagining new priorities, initiatives, and activities in acknowledgment of evolving feminist understandings.
Mary O'Sullivan
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199244867
- eISBN:
- 9780191596735
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199244863.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Microeconomics
In historical perspective, market control over the allocation of US corporate resources stands out as a recent phenomenon, since for most of the twentieth century, salaried managers have exercised ...
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In historical perspective, market control over the allocation of US corporate resources stands out as a recent phenomenon, since for most of the twentieth century, salaried managers have exercised control over resource allocation by US corporate enterprises. In this chapter, the lengthy and complex historical process through which the institutional foundations of managerial control emerged in the US corporate economy is discussed. The focusing, in particular, is on the role of the integration of managers as members of business organizations, the diffusion of share ownership, the changing interaction between the stock market and the public corporation, and the transformation of corporate law in facilitating the separation of beneficial ownership of corporate stock from strategic control over the allocation of corporate resources. The main sections of the chapter are: 3.2, The historical foundations of managerial control; 3.3, Managerial control and the Great Depression; 3.4, and New deals, old deals––which discusses changes in corporate governance, workers’ rights and unionism, and defence of the corporate manager's right to manage.Less
In historical perspective, market control over the allocation of US corporate resources stands out as a recent phenomenon, since for most of the twentieth century, salaried managers have exercised control over resource allocation by US corporate enterprises. In this chapter, the lengthy and complex historical process through which the institutional foundations of managerial control emerged in the US corporate economy is discussed. The focusing, in particular, is on the role of the integration of managers as members of business organizations, the diffusion of share ownership, the changing interaction between the stock market and the public corporation, and the transformation of corporate law in facilitating the separation of beneficial ownership of corporate stock from strategic control over the allocation of corporate resources. The main sections of the chapter are: 3.2, The historical foundations of managerial control; 3.3, Managerial control and the Great Depression; 3.4, and New deals, old deals––which discusses changes in corporate governance, workers’ rights and unionism, and defence of the corporate manager's right to manage.
Shehzad Nadeem
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691147871
- eISBN:
- 9781400836697
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691147871.003.0002
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
This chapter considers how the offshore outsourcing of white-collar service work set off something of a moral panic in Western Europe and the United States. Some believed that such outsourcing was ...
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This chapter considers how the offshore outsourcing of white-collar service work set off something of a moral panic in Western Europe and the United States. Some believed that such outsourcing was salubrious in the long term and consistent with broad trends of economic restructuring. To others, it heralded a new era of job loss and economic vulnerability. The chapter explains how, in both cases, the international trade in services became a synecdoche for the promise and peril of increasing global interdependence. It examines how offshoring has crept into the service sector and tackles questions that nobody seems prepared to answer: about concession bargaining, about the denial of workers' rights in Export-Processing Zones, and about the impact on wages and working conditions in the United States. Finally, it discusses the offshore outsourcing of service work from the Indian perspective.Less
This chapter considers how the offshore outsourcing of white-collar service work set off something of a moral panic in Western Europe and the United States. Some believed that such outsourcing was salubrious in the long term and consistent with broad trends of economic restructuring. To others, it heralded a new era of job loss and economic vulnerability. The chapter explains how, in both cases, the international trade in services became a synecdoche for the promise and peril of increasing global interdependence. It examines how offshoring has crept into the service sector and tackles questions that nobody seems prepared to answer: about concession bargaining, about the denial of workers' rights in Export-Processing Zones, and about the impact on wages and working conditions in the United States. Finally, it discusses the offshore outsourcing of service work from the Indian perspective.
Shannon Gleeson
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801451218
- eISBN:
- 9780801465772
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801451218.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
This chapter evaluates the role civil society organizations have played in implementing the rights of immigrant workers. It considers both the framing of the issue in each place and the strategies ...
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This chapter evaluates the role civil society organizations have played in implementing the rights of immigrant workers. It considers both the framing of the issue in each place and the strategies that have emerged. Specifically, the chapter specifies three ways that civil society organizations are advancing immigrant worker rights: direct service to individuals, collective organizing with workers, and policy advocacy on behalf of workers. This chapter examines a range of civil society organizations involved in promoting immigrant workers' rights, including but not limited to central labor councils, worker centers, immigrant rights groups, faith-based agencies, legal advocates, and even business groups. In doing so, the chapter compares and contrasts the accessibility and performance of the civil society organizations in San Jose and Houston.Less
This chapter evaluates the role civil society organizations have played in implementing the rights of immigrant workers. It considers both the framing of the issue in each place and the strategies that have emerged. Specifically, the chapter specifies three ways that civil society organizations are advancing immigrant worker rights: direct service to individuals, collective organizing with workers, and policy advocacy on behalf of workers. This chapter examines a range of civil society organizations involved in promoting immigrant workers' rights, including but not limited to central labor councils, worker centers, immigrant rights groups, faith-based agencies, legal advocates, and even business groups. In doing so, the chapter compares and contrasts the accessibility and performance of the civil society organizations in San Jose and Houston.
Gerald J. Beyer
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- September 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780823289967
- eISBN:
- 9780823297276
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823289967.003.0003
- Subject:
- Education, Higher and Further Education
This chapter focuses on the situation of adjunct faculty, the largest group of contingent faculty. The chapter presents what the author perceives to be the unjust, dire circumstances of these faculty ...
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This chapter focuses on the situation of adjunct faculty, the largest group of contingent faculty. The chapter presents what the author perceives to be the unjust, dire circumstances of these faculty members. The author appeals to the ideals of solidarity, justice, the option for the poor, the common good, and the workers’ rights tradition of Catholic social teaching to evaluate the adjunct situation. The situation of adjunct faculty is presented vis-à-vis expenditures on athletics and salaries of the highest paid university employees to raise the question of mission-oriented priorities. After describing the situation on the ground, the author argues that complicity in the unjust treatment of adjuncts at Catholic universities glaringly violates CST. Moreover, perpetuating this situation by appealing to its purported inevitability, budgetary constraints, or the excuse that “everybody else is doing it” seriously undercuts the mission of Catholic institutions of higher learning. After critiquing the efforts to prevent adjunct faculty from forming unions, which exacerbates an already unjust situation and runs the risk of causing scandal, the author turns to some of the positive steps taken at Catholic colleges and universities to improve the situation of adjunct faculty.Less
This chapter focuses on the situation of adjunct faculty, the largest group of contingent faculty. The chapter presents what the author perceives to be the unjust, dire circumstances of these faculty members. The author appeals to the ideals of solidarity, justice, the option for the poor, the common good, and the workers’ rights tradition of Catholic social teaching to evaluate the adjunct situation. The situation of adjunct faculty is presented vis-à-vis expenditures on athletics and salaries of the highest paid university employees to raise the question of mission-oriented priorities. After describing the situation on the ground, the author argues that complicity in the unjust treatment of adjuncts at Catholic universities glaringly violates CST. Moreover, perpetuating this situation by appealing to its purported inevitability, budgetary constraints, or the excuse that “everybody else is doing it” seriously undercuts the mission of Catholic institutions of higher learning. After critiquing the efforts to prevent adjunct faculty from forming unions, which exacerbates an already unjust situation and runs the risk of causing scandal, the author turns to some of the positive steps taken at Catholic colleges and universities to improve the situation of adjunct faculty.
Shannon Gleeson
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801451218
- eISBN:
- 9780801465772
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801451218.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
This book goes beyond the debate over federal immigration policy to examine the complicated terrain of immigrant worker rights. Federal law requires that basic labor standards apply to all workers, ...
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This book goes beyond the debate over federal immigration policy to examine the complicated terrain of immigrant worker rights. Federal law requires that basic labor standards apply to all workers, yet this principle clashes with increasingly restrictive immigration laws and creates a confusing bureaucratic terrain for local policymakers and labor advocates. The book examines this issue in two of the largest immigrant gateways in the country: San Jose, California, and Houston, Texas. The book reveals two cities with very different approaches to addressing the exploitation of immigrant workers—both involving the strategic coordination of a range of bureaucratic brokers, but in strikingly different ways. Drawing on the real-life accounts of ordinary workers, federal, state, and local government officials, community organizers, and consular staff, the book argues that local political contexts matter for protecting undocumented workers in particular. Providing a rich description of the bureaucratic minefields of labor law, and the explosive politics of immigrant rights, the book shows how the lessons learned from San Jose and Houston can inform models for upholding labor and human rights in the United States.Less
This book goes beyond the debate over federal immigration policy to examine the complicated terrain of immigrant worker rights. Federal law requires that basic labor standards apply to all workers, yet this principle clashes with increasingly restrictive immigration laws and creates a confusing bureaucratic terrain for local policymakers and labor advocates. The book examines this issue in two of the largest immigrant gateways in the country: San Jose, California, and Houston, Texas. The book reveals two cities with very different approaches to addressing the exploitation of immigrant workers—both involving the strategic coordination of a range of bureaucratic brokers, but in strikingly different ways. Drawing on the real-life accounts of ordinary workers, federal, state, and local government officials, community organizers, and consular staff, the book argues that local political contexts matter for protecting undocumented workers in particular. Providing a rich description of the bureaucratic minefields of labor law, and the explosive politics of immigrant rights, the book shows how the lessons learned from San Jose and Houston can inform models for upholding labor and human rights in the United States.
Chi Adanna Mgbako
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781479817566
- eISBN:
- 9781479844647
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479817566.003.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration
The introduction presents the issue of sex workers’ rights and the movement in Africa through both first-hand examples and stories as well as historical, societal, and scholarly context. It also sets ...
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The introduction presents the issue of sex workers’ rights and the movement in Africa through both first-hand examples and stories as well as historical, societal, and scholarly context. It also sets out the framework of the rest of the book, discusses the research methodology used, and explains how this book seeks to fill a void in both sex work studies and African feminist scholarship.Less
The introduction presents the issue of sex workers’ rights and the movement in Africa through both first-hand examples and stories as well as historical, societal, and scholarly context. It also sets out the framework of the rest of the book, discusses the research methodology used, and explains how this book seeks to fill a void in both sex work studies and African feminist scholarship.
Dame Catherine Healy, Annah Pickering, and Chanel Hati
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- January 2022
- ISBN:
- 9781529205763
- eISBN:
- 9781529205800
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781529205763.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
The New Zealand Prostitutes’ Collective (NZPC), formed in 1987 by sex workers, led the advocacy for the decriminalisation of sex work in New Zealand. Since this time, the organisation has maintained ...
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The New Zealand Prostitutes’ Collective (NZPC), formed in 1987 by sex workers, led the advocacy for the decriminalisation of sex work in New Zealand. Since this time, the organisation has maintained a prominent role in supporting sex workers to realise their rights and is often called upon to assist in addressing situations where sex workers can access justice. Reflecting on times prior to, during, and after the legislative change that decriminalised sex work, this chapter explores key issues that face sex workers in New Zealand’s decriminalised sex industry.
While the decriminalised model has had significant benefits, sex workers continue to negotiate challenges in this context. This chapter outlines the formation of the NZPC, reflecting on the issues facing sex workers prior to the law change, and the process of decriminalisation, before discussing enduring issues relating to its implementation. As such, this chapter outlines the situation regarding sex worker’s rights in the current context, highlighting the strengths and limitations of the decriminalised framework and presenting a vision for the future to further enhance the rights of sex workers in New Zealand and beyond.Less
The New Zealand Prostitutes’ Collective (NZPC), formed in 1987 by sex workers, led the advocacy for the decriminalisation of sex work in New Zealand. Since this time, the organisation has maintained a prominent role in supporting sex workers to realise their rights and is often called upon to assist in addressing situations where sex workers can access justice. Reflecting on times prior to, during, and after the legislative change that decriminalised sex work, this chapter explores key issues that face sex workers in New Zealand’s decriminalised sex industry.
While the decriminalised model has had significant benefits, sex workers continue to negotiate challenges in this context. This chapter outlines the formation of the NZPC, reflecting on the issues facing sex workers prior to the law change, and the process of decriminalisation, before discussing enduring issues relating to its implementation. As such, this chapter outlines the situation regarding sex worker’s rights in the current context, highlighting the strengths and limitations of the decriminalised framework and presenting a vision for the future to further enhance the rights of sex workers in New Zealand and beyond.
Philip Alston (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199281060
- eISBN:
- 9780191700156
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199281060.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Employment Law, Human Rights and Immigration
Are efforts to protect workers' rights compatible with the forces of globalization? How can minimum standards designed to protect labour rights be implemented in a world in which national labour law ...
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Are efforts to protect workers' rights compatible with the forces of globalization? How can minimum standards designed to protect labour rights be implemented in a world in which national labour law is more and more at the mercy of international forces beyond its control? The chapters in this volume argue that international agreements and institutions are of central importance if labour rights are to be protected in a globalized economy. This book explores some of the options that are open to governments, civil society, and the labour movement in the years ahead.Less
Are efforts to protect workers' rights compatible with the forces of globalization? How can minimum standards designed to protect labour rights be implemented in a world in which national labour law is more and more at the mercy of international forces beyond its control? The chapters in this volume argue that international agreements and institutions are of central importance if labour rights are to be protected in a globalized economy. This book explores some of the options that are open to governments, civil society, and the labour movement in the years ahead.
Chi Adanna Mgbako
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781479817566
- eISBN:
- 9781479844647
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479817566.003.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration
The introduction presents the issue of sex workers’ rights and the movement in Africa through both first-hand examples and stories as well as historical, societal, and scholarly context. It also sets ...
More
The introduction presents the issue of sex workers’ rights and the movement in Africa through both first-hand examples and stories as well as historical, societal, and scholarly context. It also sets out the framework of the rest of the book, discusses the research methodology used, and explains how this book seeks to fill a void in both sex work studies and African feminist scholarship.Less
The introduction presents the issue of sex workers’ rights and the movement in Africa through both first-hand examples and stories as well as historical, societal, and scholarly context. It also sets out the framework of the rest of the book, discusses the research methodology used, and explains how this book seeks to fill a void in both sex work studies and African feminist scholarship.
Rohini Hensman
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231148009
- eISBN:
- 9780231519564
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231148009.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Indian History
While it's easy to blame globalization for shrinking job opportunities, dangerous declines in labor standards, and a host of related discontents, the “flattening” of the world has also created ...
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While it's easy to blame globalization for shrinking job opportunities, dangerous declines in labor standards, and a host of related discontents, the “flattening” of the world has also created unprecedented opportunities for worker organization. By expanding employment in developing countries, especially for women, globalization has formed a basis for stronger workers' rights, even in remote sites of production. Using India's labor movement as a model, the book charts the successes and failures, strengths and weaknesses, of the struggle for workers' rights and organization in a rich and varied nation. As Indian products gain wider acceptance in global markets, the disparities in employment conditions and union rights between such regions as the European Union and India's vast informal sector are exposed, raising the issue of globalization's implications for labor. The book examines the unique pattern of “employees' unionism,” which emerged in Bombay in the 1950s, before considering union responses to recent developments, especially the drive to form a national federation of independent unions. A key issue is how far unions can resist protectionist impulses and press for stronger global standards, along with the mechanisms to enforce them. After thoroughly unpacking this example, the book traces the parameters of a global labor agenda, calling for a revival of trade unionism, the elimination of informal labor, and reductions in military spending to favor funding for comprehensive welfare and social security systems.Less
While it's easy to blame globalization for shrinking job opportunities, dangerous declines in labor standards, and a host of related discontents, the “flattening” of the world has also created unprecedented opportunities for worker organization. By expanding employment in developing countries, especially for women, globalization has formed a basis for stronger workers' rights, even in remote sites of production. Using India's labor movement as a model, the book charts the successes and failures, strengths and weaknesses, of the struggle for workers' rights and organization in a rich and varied nation. As Indian products gain wider acceptance in global markets, the disparities in employment conditions and union rights between such regions as the European Union and India's vast informal sector are exposed, raising the issue of globalization's implications for labor. The book examines the unique pattern of “employees' unionism,” which emerged in Bombay in the 1950s, before considering union responses to recent developments, especially the drive to form a national federation of independent unions. A key issue is how far unions can resist protectionist impulses and press for stronger global standards, along with the mechanisms to enforce them. After thoroughly unpacking this example, the book traces the parameters of a global labor agenda, calling for a revival of trade unionism, the elimination of informal labor, and reductions in military spending to favor funding for comprehensive welfare and social security systems.
Jeffrey Hilgert
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801451898
- eISBN:
- 9780801469244
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801451898.003.0004
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
International Labor Organization (ILO) Convention No. 155 concerning Occupational Health and Safety in the Working Environment was adopted in Geneva by the International Labour Conference at its ...
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International Labor Organization (ILO) Convention No. 155 concerning Occupational Health and Safety in the Working Environment was adopted in Geneva by the International Labour Conference at its 67th session in 1981. Fifty-nine member states were a party to the treaty as of August 2012. This chapter examines how the restrictive refusal rights model advocated in Convention No. 155 works in practice. As two leading liberal market economies, Canada and the United States offer a strong litmus test for workers' rights under Convention No. 155. Available evidence from Canadian labor relations scholarship as well as documentation of U.S. work refusal investigations demonstrate that limited legal protection of the right to refuse unsafe work as a standalone labor and employment policy represents nothing more than a failed approach, and in turn a false consensus in global worker health and safety policy. It is ultimately neither in society's interest nor in a worker's interest. This model of worker protection instead serves employer interests.
Less
International Labor Organization (ILO) Convention No. 155 concerning Occupational Health and Safety in the Working Environment was adopted in Geneva by the International Labour Conference at its 67th session in 1981. Fifty-nine member states were a party to the treaty as of August 2012. This chapter examines how the restrictive refusal rights model advocated in Convention No. 155 works in practice. As two leading liberal market economies, Canada and the United States offer a strong litmus test for workers' rights under Convention No. 155. Available evidence from Canadian labor relations scholarship as well as documentation of U.S. work refusal investigations demonstrate that limited legal protection of the right to refuse unsafe work as a standalone labor and employment policy represents nothing more than a failed approach, and in turn a false consensus in global worker health and safety policy. It is ultimately neither in society's interest nor in a worker's interest. This model of worker protection instead serves employer interests.
Emmanuel Teitelbaum
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801449949
- eISBN:
- 9780801463358
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801449949.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Movements and Social Change
This chapter presents a new theory of union behavior that helps to explain the motivations of union leaders in restraining worker protest. It argues that democracy influences industrial relations in ...
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This chapter presents a new theory of union behavior that helps to explain the motivations of union leaders in restraining worker protest. It argues that democracy influences industrial relations in two ways. First, political competition has compelled major parties to deepen union-party ties because historically parties have relied on union organizational capacity and the vote of the industrial working class to win elections. Second, democracy facilitates industrial peace by encouraging institutionalized grievance resolution through the promotion of freedom of association and collective bargaining (FACB) rights. The chapter begins with a discussion of the incentives for individual union leaders to engage in militant protest and aggressive bargaining. It then explains the role of democracy in reducing industrial conflict; how partisan ties encourage union leaders to restrain worker protest and how this impetus is common across the ideological spectrum; and how labor legislation promotes economic performance by enhancing third-party mediation and promoting worker rights.Less
This chapter presents a new theory of union behavior that helps to explain the motivations of union leaders in restraining worker protest. It argues that democracy influences industrial relations in two ways. First, political competition has compelled major parties to deepen union-party ties because historically parties have relied on union organizational capacity and the vote of the industrial working class to win elections. Second, democracy facilitates industrial peace by encouraging institutionalized grievance resolution through the promotion of freedom of association and collective bargaining (FACB) rights. The chapter begins with a discussion of the incentives for individual union leaders to engage in militant protest and aggressive bargaining. It then explains the role of democracy in reducing industrial conflict; how partisan ties encourage union leaders to restrain worker protest and how this impetus is common across the ideological spectrum; and how labor legislation promotes economic performance by enhancing third-party mediation and promoting worker rights.
Jeffrey Hilgert
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801451898
- eISBN:
- 9780801469244
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801451898.003.0004
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
International Labor Organization (ILO) Convention No. 155 concerning Occupational Health and Safety in the Working Environment was adopted in Geneva by the International Labour Conference at its 67th ...
More
International Labor Organization (ILO) Convention No. 155 concerning Occupational Health and Safety in the Working Environment was adopted in Geneva by the International Labour Conference at its 67th session in 1981. Fifty-nine member states were a party to the treaty as of August 2012. This chapter examines how the restrictive refusal rights model advocated in Convention No. 155 works in practice. As two leading liberal market economies, Canada and the United States offer a strong litmus test for workers' rights under Convention No. 155. Available evidence from Canadian labor relations scholarship as well as documentation of U.S. work refusal investigations demonstrate that limited legal protection of the right to refuse unsafe work as a standalone labor and employment policy represents nothing more than a failed approach, and in turn a false consensus in global worker health and safety policy. It is ultimately neither in society's interest nor in a worker's interest. This model of worker protection instead serves employer interests.Less
International Labor Organization (ILO) Convention No. 155 concerning Occupational Health and Safety in the Working Environment was adopted in Geneva by the International Labour Conference at its 67th session in 1981. Fifty-nine member states were a party to the treaty as of August 2012. This chapter examines how the restrictive refusal rights model advocated in Convention No. 155 works in practice. As two leading liberal market economies, Canada and the United States offer a strong litmus test for workers' rights under Convention No. 155. Available evidence from Canadian labor relations scholarship as well as documentation of U.S. work refusal investigations demonstrate that limited legal protection of the right to refuse unsafe work as a standalone labor and employment policy represents nothing more than a failed approach, and in turn a false consensus in global worker health and safety policy. It is ultimately neither in society's interest nor in a worker's interest. This model of worker protection instead serves employer interests.
Ruth Morgan Thomas
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847421067
- eISBN:
- 9781447303169
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847421067.003.0008
- Subject:
- Sociology, Occupations, Professions, and Work
This chapter puts forward a sex workers' rights perspective in relation to the notion of ‘zero tolerance’ of prostitution. It records some of the experiences and voices of sex workers, and presents ...
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This chapter puts forward a sex workers' rights perspective in relation to the notion of ‘zero tolerance’ of prostitution. It records some of the experiences and voices of sex workers, and presents some of the evidence that calls into question the ‘zero-tolerance’ approach. The chapter notes that this evidence was gathered over the last two decades by SCOT-PEP, a community-based organization that was set up by sex workers for sex workers in 1989 in Edinburgh and which the author currently manages. It mainly argues that zero tolerance, in the context of violence against women and sex work, has become dogmatic and unresponsive to the actual needs of sex workers, silences the voices of sex workers, and undermines fundamental human rights.Less
This chapter puts forward a sex workers' rights perspective in relation to the notion of ‘zero tolerance’ of prostitution. It records some of the experiences and voices of sex workers, and presents some of the evidence that calls into question the ‘zero-tolerance’ approach. The chapter notes that this evidence was gathered over the last two decades by SCOT-PEP, a community-based organization that was set up by sex workers for sex workers in 1989 in Edinburgh and which the author currently manages. It mainly argues that zero tolerance, in the context of violence against women and sex work, has become dogmatic and unresponsive to the actual needs of sex workers, silences the voices of sex workers, and undermines fundamental human rights.
Julie Miller
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781501751486
- eISBN:
- 9781501751509
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501751486.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Crime and Justice
This book shows how a woman's desperate attempt at murder came to momentarily embody the anger and anxiety felt by many people at a time of economic and social upheaval and expanding expectations for ...
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This book shows how a woman's desperate attempt at murder came to momentarily embody the anger and anxiety felt by many people at a time of economic and social upheaval and expanding expectations for equal rights. On the evening of November 1, 1843, a young household servant named Amelia Norman attacked Henry Ballard, a prosperous merchant, on the steps of the Astor House Hotel. Agitated and distraught, Norman had followed Ballard down Broadway before confronting him at the door to the hotel. Taking out a folding knife, she stabbed him. Ballard survived the attack, and the trial that followed created a sensation. Newspapers in New York and beyond followed the case eagerly, and crowds filled the courtroom every day. The prominent author and abolitionist Lydia Maria Child championed Norman and later included her story in her fiction and her writing on women's rights. Norman also attracted the support of politicians, journalists, and legal and moral reformers who saw her story as a vehicle to change the law as it related to “seduction” and to advocate for the rights of workers. This book describes how New Yorkers followed the trial for entertainment. Throughout all this, Norman gained sympathys, in particular the jury, which acquitted her in less than ten minutes. The book weaves together Norman's story to show how, in one violent moment, she expressed all the anger that the women of the emerging movement for women's rights would soon express in words.Less
This book shows how a woman's desperate attempt at murder came to momentarily embody the anger and anxiety felt by many people at a time of economic and social upheaval and expanding expectations for equal rights. On the evening of November 1, 1843, a young household servant named Amelia Norman attacked Henry Ballard, a prosperous merchant, on the steps of the Astor House Hotel. Agitated and distraught, Norman had followed Ballard down Broadway before confronting him at the door to the hotel. Taking out a folding knife, she stabbed him. Ballard survived the attack, and the trial that followed created a sensation. Newspapers in New York and beyond followed the case eagerly, and crowds filled the courtroom every day. The prominent author and abolitionist Lydia Maria Child championed Norman and later included her story in her fiction and her writing on women's rights. Norman also attracted the support of politicians, journalists, and legal and moral reformers who saw her story as a vehicle to change the law as it related to “seduction” and to advocate for the rights of workers. This book describes how New Yorkers followed the trial for entertainment. Throughout all this, Norman gained sympathys, in particular the jury, which acquitted her in less than ten minutes. The book weaves together Norman's story to show how, in one violent moment, she expressed all the anger that the women of the emerging movement for women's rights would soon express in words.
Rohini Hensman
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231148009
- eISBN:
- 9780231519564
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231148009.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, Indian History
This chapter looks at international efforts to deal with the effects of globalization on labor, including international agreements between trade unions and employers, international solidarity action, ...
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This chapter looks at international efforts to deal with the effects of globalization on labor, including international agreements between trade unions and employers, international solidarity action, codes of conduct, and the proposal for a social clause protecting workers' rights in World Trade Organization (WTO) agreements. In particular, employees' unions and informal workers in Bombay have used, reacted to, or participated in these, and the ways in which they have done so have made them examples of international solidarity. This chapter further stresses that emphasizing international solidarity in trade union politics is essential if unions are to defend workers from the negative consequences of neoliberal policies and the global economic crisis.Less
This chapter looks at international efforts to deal with the effects of globalization on labor, including international agreements between trade unions and employers, international solidarity action, codes of conduct, and the proposal for a social clause protecting workers' rights in World Trade Organization (WTO) agreements. In particular, employees' unions and informal workers in Bombay have used, reacted to, or participated in these, and the ways in which they have done so have made them examples of international solidarity. This chapter further stresses that emphasizing international solidarity in trade union politics is essential if unions are to defend workers from the negative consequences of neoliberal policies and the global economic crisis.
Adam D. Reich
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801450662
- eISBN:
- 9780801464188
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801450662.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Occupations, Professions, and Work
When unions undertake labor organizing campaigns, they often do so from strong moral positions, contrasting workers’ rights to decent pay or better working conditions with the more venal financial ...
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When unions undertake labor organizing campaigns, they often do so from strong moral positions, contrasting workers’ rights to decent pay or better working conditions with the more venal financial motives of management. But how does labor confront management when management itself has moral legitimacy? This book tells the story of a five-year campaign to unionize Santa Rosa Memorial Hospital, a Catholic hospital in California. The book explores how both union leaders and hospital leaders sought to show they were upholding the Catholic “mission” of the hospital against a market represented by the other. Ultimately, hospital workers and union leaders were able to reinterpret Catholic values in ways that supported their efforts to organize. More generally, the book argues that unions must weave together economic and cultural power in order to ensure their continued relevancy in the post-industrial world. In addition to advocating for workers’ economic interests, unions must engage with workers’ emotional investments in their work, must contend with the kind of moral authority that Santa Rosa Hospital leaders exerted to dissuade workers from organizing, and must connect labor’s project to broader conceptions of the public good.Less
When unions undertake labor organizing campaigns, they often do so from strong moral positions, contrasting workers’ rights to decent pay or better working conditions with the more venal financial motives of management. But how does labor confront management when management itself has moral legitimacy? This book tells the story of a five-year campaign to unionize Santa Rosa Memorial Hospital, a Catholic hospital in California. The book explores how both union leaders and hospital leaders sought to show they were upholding the Catholic “mission” of the hospital against a market represented by the other. Ultimately, hospital workers and union leaders were able to reinterpret Catholic values in ways that supported their efforts to organize. More generally, the book argues that unions must weave together economic and cultural power in order to ensure their continued relevancy in the post-industrial world. In addition to advocating for workers’ economic interests, unions must engage with workers’ emotional investments in their work, must contend with the kind of moral authority that Santa Rosa Hospital leaders exerted to dissuade workers from organizing, and must connect labor’s project to broader conceptions of the public good.
Helen Hershkoff and Stephen Loffredo
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- November 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190080860
- eISBN:
- 9780199364763
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190080860.003.0002
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
This chapter discusses federal statutes that impact the work lives of poor and low-income people. These statutes regulate some of the terms and conditions of employment, but do not guarantee rights ...
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This chapter discusses federal statutes that impact the work lives of poor and low-income people. These statutes regulate some of the terms and conditions of employment, but do not guarantee rights to a job, to a livable wage, or to work as a pathway to economic mobility. The key federal statutes prohibit certain types of employment discrimination, and protect the right of workers to organize and take collective action to advance their common interests. The chapter pays special attention to the wage and hour protections afforded by the federal Fair Labor Standards Act, addresses the rights conferred by the act, offers a critique of the federal minimum wage rate, and notes the emerging nationwide movement to raise the minimum wage to a living wage. The chapter also addresses federal programs that provide economic supports for low-income workers, apart from the assistance programs described in other chapters, including unemployment insurance, which replaces a percentage of wages for workers who lose their jobs through no fault of their own; the Earned Income Tax Credit and Child Tax Credit, which reduce or eliminate payroll taxes for most workers with minor dependents, and can increase family income through refundable tax credits; and the Social Security program, which provides benefits to retired, aged, blind, or disabled workers and their families.Less
This chapter discusses federal statutes that impact the work lives of poor and low-income people. These statutes regulate some of the terms and conditions of employment, but do not guarantee rights to a job, to a livable wage, or to work as a pathway to economic mobility. The key federal statutes prohibit certain types of employment discrimination, and protect the right of workers to organize and take collective action to advance their common interests. The chapter pays special attention to the wage and hour protections afforded by the federal Fair Labor Standards Act, addresses the rights conferred by the act, offers a critique of the federal minimum wage rate, and notes the emerging nationwide movement to raise the minimum wage to a living wage. The chapter also addresses federal programs that provide economic supports for low-income workers, apart from the assistance programs described in other chapters, including unemployment insurance, which replaces a percentage of wages for workers who lose their jobs through no fault of their own; the Earned Income Tax Credit and Child Tax Credit, which reduce or eliminate payroll taxes for most workers with minor dependents, and can increase family income through refundable tax credits; and the Social Security program, which provides benefits to retired, aged, blind, or disabled workers and their families.
