Ellen Anne McLarney
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691158488
- eISBN:
- 9781400866441
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691158488.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Research and Statistics
The concept of women's liberation has become an integral part of a transnational Islamic discourse, deployed in contexts as diverse as debates over the freedom to wear the headscarf in France, in the ...
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The concept of women's liberation has become an integral part of a transnational Islamic discourse, deployed in contexts as diverse as debates over the freedom to wear the headscarf in France, in the writings of exiled Muslim Brothers in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia, and in the rhetoric of the Ennahda Party in postrevolutionary Tunis. The idea of women's liberation, identified as growing out of colonial feminism and an imperialist secular liberalism, has now become part of a popular Islamic discourse reiterated by activists and scholars alike. This chapter charts the origins of a discourse of women's liberation in Islam during the nineteenth-century awakening known as the naḍda and its revival for the late twentieth-century ṣaṭwa. The concept of women's liberation was vilified in the naḍda, with Qasim Amin's Liberation of Woman being called a “sermon of the devil.” The later ṣaṭwa, however, would appropriate the concept and language of women's liberation, making it a most potent ideological weapon.Less
The concept of women's liberation has become an integral part of a transnational Islamic discourse, deployed in contexts as diverse as debates over the freedom to wear the headscarf in France, in the writings of exiled Muslim Brothers in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia, and in the rhetoric of the Ennahda Party in postrevolutionary Tunis. The idea of women's liberation, identified as growing out of colonial feminism and an imperialist secular liberalism, has now become part of a popular Islamic discourse reiterated by activists and scholars alike. This chapter charts the origins of a discourse of women's liberation in Islam during the nineteenth-century awakening known as the naḍda and its revival for the late twentieth-century ṣaṭwa. The concept of women's liberation was vilified in the naḍda, with Qasim Amin's Liberation of Woman being called a “sermon of the devil.” The later ṣaṭwa, however, would appropriate the concept and language of women's liberation, making it a most potent ideological weapon.
Ellen Anne McLarney
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691158488
- eISBN:
- 9781400866441
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691158488.003.0002
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Research and Statistics
This chapter focuses on Bint al-Shatiʾ, whose writings crystallize some of the most salient themes of the modern Islamic public sphere and illustrate the power of adab in formulating modern Islamic ...
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This chapter focuses on Bint al-Shatiʾ, whose writings crystallize some of the most salient themes of the modern Islamic public sphere and illustrate the power of adab in formulating modern Islamic ethics and politics. A public intellectual, political activist, chaired professor, journalist, and adēba (woman of letters), Bint al-Shatiʾ synthesized discursive trends for a broad spectrum of readers that included both intellectual elites and popular audiences. Her Omdurman lectures reinterpreted the concept of “women's liberation” for an Islamic politics, nearly seventy years after Qasim Amin first ventured his interpretation of “women's liberation” in Islam in 1899. Like Amin, she has unmitigated faith in the power of education and knowledge—scientific, Islamic, and literary—to elevate the political community from its political chains. But she also surpasses Amin in imagining the force of women's literary voices in transforming the umma, just as she surpassed him in literary accomplishment, stature, and recognition.Less
This chapter focuses on Bint al-Shatiʾ, whose writings crystallize some of the most salient themes of the modern Islamic public sphere and illustrate the power of adab in formulating modern Islamic ethics and politics. A public intellectual, political activist, chaired professor, journalist, and adēba (woman of letters), Bint al-Shatiʾ synthesized discursive trends for a broad spectrum of readers that included both intellectual elites and popular audiences. Her Omdurman lectures reinterpreted the concept of “women's liberation” for an Islamic politics, nearly seventy years after Qasim Amin first ventured his interpretation of “women's liberation” in Islam in 1899. Like Amin, she has unmitigated faith in the power of education and knowledge—scientific, Islamic, and literary—to elevate the political community from its political chains. But she also surpasses Amin in imagining the force of women's literary voices in transforming the umma, just as she surpassed him in literary accomplishment, stature, and recognition.
Stephen Brooke
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199562541
- eISBN:
- 9780191731167
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199562541.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Cultural History
In the two decades following the passing of the Abortion Act, the Labour Party became a critical element in campaigns to oppose restrictive legislation. This period also saw the party’s treatment of ...
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In the two decades following the passing of the Abortion Act, the Labour Party became a critical element in campaigns to oppose restrictive legislation. This period also saw the party’s treatment of sexual issues open up in ways unimaginable earlier in the century. In 1975 and 1977, the party’s annual conference committed Labour to the expansion of reproductive rights, including abortion on demand. In 1982, Labour’s programme included policies to eliminate discrimination against homosexuals on the ‘principle of sexual equality’. Three years later, the party conference adopted a comprehensive programme to promote gay rights. What had been undercurrents in Labour politics came to the surface with considerable force in the 1970s and 1980s. This chapter examines the relationship between the defence of the Abortion Act between 1967 and 1990, the rise of women’s liberation and changes within the Labour Party.Less
In the two decades following the passing of the Abortion Act, the Labour Party became a critical element in campaigns to oppose restrictive legislation. This period also saw the party’s treatment of sexual issues open up in ways unimaginable earlier in the century. In 1975 and 1977, the party’s annual conference committed Labour to the expansion of reproductive rights, including abortion on demand. In 1982, Labour’s programme included policies to eliminate discrimination against homosexuals on the ‘principle of sexual equality’. Three years later, the party conference adopted a comprehensive programme to promote gay rights. What had been undercurrents in Labour politics came to the surface with considerable force in the 1970s and 1980s. This chapter examines the relationship between the defence of the Abortion Act between 1967 and 1990, the rise of women’s liberation and changes within the Labour Party.
Carol Giardina
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813034560
- eISBN:
- 9780813039329
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813034560.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, Social History
This chapter traces the help extended by the Left to weomen's liberation movements. The term “Old Left” is used for describing Marxist-inspired parties and individuals and the term “New Left” refers ...
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This chapter traces the help extended by the Left to weomen's liberation movements. The term “Old Left” is used for describing Marxist-inspired parties and individuals and the term “New Left” refers to the modernization of the group. The New Left gave much help and support to the Women's Liberation Movement. The women who commenced the Women's Liberation Movement were influenced by Old Left parties. The chapter brings together examples from lives of radical women and discusses how the Left parties affected their thought flow. The chapter also talks about the organizational help extended by the Old Left parties to the women's liberation movements. Next the chapter studies the presence of Women's Liberation pioneers in the New Left parties and the institutional help extended by the New Left to women liberation groups. Men on the Left front who extended their full support to women during the movement also get a mention in the chapter.Less
This chapter traces the help extended by the Left to weomen's liberation movements. The term “Old Left” is used for describing Marxist-inspired parties and individuals and the term “New Left” refers to the modernization of the group. The New Left gave much help and support to the Women's Liberation Movement. The women who commenced the Women's Liberation Movement were influenced by Old Left parties. The chapter brings together examples from lives of radical women and discusses how the Left parties affected their thought flow. The chapter also talks about the organizational help extended by the Old Left parties to the women's liberation movements. Next the chapter studies the presence of Women's Liberation pioneers in the New Left parties and the institutional help extended by the New Left to women liberation groups. Men on the Left front who extended their full support to women during the movement also get a mention in the chapter.
Carol Giardina
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813034560
- eISBN:
- 9780813039329
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813034560.003.0012
- Subject:
- History, Social History
This concluding chapter joyfully traces the establishment of the Women's Liberation Movement in the year 1970. Black women collaborated with white women to give rise to the movement and even ...
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This concluding chapter joyfully traces the establishment of the Women's Liberation Movement in the year 1970. Black women collaborated with white women to give rise to the movement and even succeeded in doing so. The chapter describes the Women's Liberation movement as it turned to become a mass radical movement. Thanks to the efforts of women activists the Women's Liberation Movement became the liveliest conversational topic throughout the nation. Even the media was forced to turn in the favor of Women's Liberation and feminist literature flooded the markets. The Women's Liberation Movement gave rise to the view that women were a class in themselves and should not be just viewed as mere victims of capitalism, racism, and male chauvinism.Less
This concluding chapter joyfully traces the establishment of the Women's Liberation Movement in the year 1970. Black women collaborated with white women to give rise to the movement and even succeeded in doing so. The chapter describes the Women's Liberation movement as it turned to become a mass radical movement. Thanks to the efforts of women activists the Women's Liberation Movement became the liveliest conversational topic throughout the nation. Even the media was forced to turn in the favor of Women's Liberation and feminist literature flooded the markets. The Women's Liberation Movement gave rise to the view that women were a class in themselves and should not be just viewed as mere victims of capitalism, racism, and male chauvinism.
Lisa Rofel
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520210783
- eISBN:
- 9780520919860
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520210783.003.0002
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Asian Cultural Anthropology
The issue of women's liberation provided one of the most critical terrains on which China endeavored to construct its modernity. At a certain moment, Chinese women's liberation also figured centrally ...
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The issue of women's liberation provided one of the most critical terrains on which China endeavored to construct its modernity. At a certain moment, Chinese women's liberation also figured centrally within western feminism as a means of structuring its own forms of knowledge and politics. This chapter explores the multiple deployments of meaning and power constituting “women's liberation” as it reconsiders the heterogeneous processes through which a small group of women felt galvanized to adopt the kinds of revolutionary subject-positions that the socialist regime provided for them. It focuses on the oldest cohort of women workers, who came of age with the 1950s nationalization of urban industries. In Hangzhou's silk factories, a particular fraction of this cohort repeated that the revolution had liberated them.Less
The issue of women's liberation provided one of the most critical terrains on which China endeavored to construct its modernity. At a certain moment, Chinese women's liberation also figured centrally within western feminism as a means of structuring its own forms of knowledge and politics. This chapter explores the multiple deployments of meaning and power constituting “women's liberation” as it reconsiders the heterogeneous processes through which a small group of women felt galvanized to adopt the kinds of revolutionary subject-positions that the socialist regime provided for them. It focuses on the oldest cohort of women workers, who came of age with the 1950s nationalization of urban industries. In Hangzhou's silk factories, a particular fraction of this cohort repeated that the revolution had liberated them.
Carol Giardina
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813034560
- eISBN:
- 9780813039329
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813034560.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Social History
This chapter focuses on the strong influence of Black Power on the growth of women's liberation. “Black Power” refers to the winning of sufficient political power by poor black people. The chapter ...
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This chapter focuses on the strong influence of Black Power on the growth of women's liberation. “Black Power” refers to the winning of sufficient political power by poor black people. The chapter outlines the effect of Black Power on the liberation of black feminism. The chapter also tells about a different type of male chauvinism in the form of the black nationalist Left. The chapter states Black Power to be the basis for challenging male chauvinism. As stated in this chapter black feminism appears to have been produced by Black Power. Black Power also provided black women with training for organizing the Women's Liberation Movement. The chapter also discusses the effect of Black Power on white feminists.Less
This chapter focuses on the strong influence of Black Power on the growth of women's liberation. “Black Power” refers to the winning of sufficient political power by poor black people. The chapter outlines the effect of Black Power on the liberation of black feminism. The chapter also tells about a different type of male chauvinism in the form of the black nationalist Left. The chapter states Black Power to be the basis for challenging male chauvinism. As stated in this chapter black feminism appears to have been produced by Black Power. Black Power also provided black women with training for organizing the Women's Liberation Movement. The chapter also discusses the effect of Black Power on white feminists.
Ellen Anne McLarney
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691158488
- eISBN:
- 9781400866441
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691158488.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Research and Statistics
In the decades leading up to the Arab Spring in 2011, when Hosni Mubarak's authoritarian regime was swept from power in Egypt, Muslim women took a leading role in developing a robust Islamist ...
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In the decades leading up to the Arab Spring in 2011, when Hosni Mubarak's authoritarian regime was swept from power in Egypt, Muslim women took a leading role in developing a robust Islamist presence in the country's public sphere. This book examines the writings and activism of these women—including scholars, preachers, journalists, critics, actors, and public intellectuals—who envisioned an Islamic awakening in which women's rights and the family, equality, and emancipation were at the center. Challenging Western conceptions of Muslim women as being oppressed by Islam, this book shows how women used “soft force”—a women's jihad characterized by nonviolent protest—to oppose secular dictatorship and articulate a public sphere that was both Islamic and democratic. The book draws on memoirs, political essays, sermons, newspaper articles, and other writings to explore how these women imagined the home and the family as sites of the free practice of religion in a climate where Islamists were under siege by the secular state. While they seem to reinforce women's traditional roles in a male-dominated society, these Islamist writers also reoriented Islamist politics in domains coded as feminine, putting women at the very forefront in imagining an Islamic polity. The book transforms our understanding of women's rights, women's liberation, and women's equality in Egypt's Islamic revival.Less
In the decades leading up to the Arab Spring in 2011, when Hosni Mubarak's authoritarian regime was swept from power in Egypt, Muslim women took a leading role in developing a robust Islamist presence in the country's public sphere. This book examines the writings and activism of these women—including scholars, preachers, journalists, critics, actors, and public intellectuals—who envisioned an Islamic awakening in which women's rights and the family, equality, and emancipation were at the center. Challenging Western conceptions of Muslim women as being oppressed by Islam, this book shows how women used “soft force”—a women's jihad characterized by nonviolent protest—to oppose secular dictatorship and articulate a public sphere that was both Islamic and democratic. The book draws on memoirs, political essays, sermons, newspaper articles, and other writings to explore how these women imagined the home and the family as sites of the free practice of religion in a climate where Islamists were under siege by the secular state. While they seem to reinforce women's traditional roles in a male-dominated society, these Islamist writers also reoriented Islamist politics in domains coded as feminine, putting women at the very forefront in imagining an Islamic polity. The book transforms our understanding of women's rights, women's liberation, and women's equality in Egypt's Islamic revival.
Jaime Harker
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781469643359
- eISBN:
- 9781469643373
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469643359.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism
This chapter introduces the authors and publishers who created the Southern lesbian feminist literary tradition and situates them within the Women in Print movement. It also situates these figures ...
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This chapter introduces the authors and publishers who created the Southern lesbian feminist literary tradition and situates them within the Women in Print movement. It also situates these figures within an ongoing debate regarding literary merit and political efficacy.Less
This chapter introduces the authors and publishers who created the Southern lesbian feminist literary tradition and situates them within the Women in Print movement. It also situates these figures within an ongoing debate regarding literary merit and political efficacy.
Carol Giardina
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813034560
- eISBN:
- 9780813039329
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813034560.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Social History
This introductory chapter investigates how the pioneers of the Women's Liberation Movement gained the courage and consciousness to make a movement against male supremacy in the United States in the ...
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This introductory chapter investigates how the pioneers of the Women's Liberation Movement gained the courage and consciousness to make a movement against male supremacy in the United States in the 1960s. The Women's Liberation Movement (WLM) against male supremacy in the United States has been thought from time to time to be a result of frustrations at male chauvinism faced by women in past movements such as the Black Freedom Movement. In fact, the WLM was rather the consequence of experiences, ideas resources, and skills acquired by women activists during the movements prior to the existence of the WLM. The introductory chapter explains this fact quite thoroughly. The chapter also brings forth the sources instrumental to activists in such women's liberation movements. Feminist ideas and aspects responsible for the success of these movements are also an important part of this chapter.Less
This introductory chapter investigates how the pioneers of the Women's Liberation Movement gained the courage and consciousness to make a movement against male supremacy in the United States in the 1960s. The Women's Liberation Movement (WLM) against male supremacy in the United States has been thought from time to time to be a result of frustrations at male chauvinism faced by women in past movements such as the Black Freedom Movement. In fact, the WLM was rather the consequence of experiences, ideas resources, and skills acquired by women activists during the movements prior to the existence of the WLM. The introductory chapter explains this fact quite thoroughly. The chapter also brings forth the sources instrumental to activists in such women's liberation movements. Feminist ideas and aspects responsible for the success of these movements are also an important part of this chapter.
June Melby Benowitz
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780813061221
- eISBN:
- 9780813051437
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813061221.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter begins with a brief history of the women’s equal rights movement, and then explores women’s responses to the issue during the 1960s and 1970s. Most of the women examined here were ...
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This chapter begins with a brief history of the women’s equal rights movement, and then explores women’s responses to the issue during the 1960s and 1970s. Most of the women examined here were right-wing and actively opposed the ERA, but some supporters are included in the chapter. It explores the clashes between those women who favored the amendment, and those who opposed it. It looks at the reasons why many women joined together to campaign against the ERA, examining such demographic factors as age, social status, and occupation. The chapter ends with a sampling of baby boomers’ reflections on what the conflict over the ERA meant for them.Less
This chapter begins with a brief history of the women’s equal rights movement, and then explores women’s responses to the issue during the 1960s and 1970s. Most of the women examined here were right-wing and actively opposed the ERA, but some supporters are included in the chapter. It explores the clashes between those women who favored the amendment, and those who opposed it. It looks at the reasons why many women joined together to campaign against the ERA, examining such demographic factors as age, social status, and occupation. The chapter ends with a sampling of baby boomers’ reflections on what the conflict over the ERA meant for them.
Carol Giardina
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813034560
- eISBN:
- 9780813039329
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813034560.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, Social History
The chapter outlines the growth of the Women's Liberation Movement from being confined to one small room to nationwide and then international coverage. The lawmakers rushed to catch up with the ...
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The chapter outlines the growth of the Women's Liberation Movement from being confined to one small room to nationwide and then international coverage. The lawmakers rushed to catch up with the Women's Liberation and this led to many laws being formed in favor of women. Several unions were also formed for union women who demanded liberation for themselves. Zapping the Miss America Beauty Pageant was another achievement of the women's movement. The chapter also gives details about the first national conference which indicated the growth of the new women's movement. With the rise of the movement between 1968–1970 women all over the nation rose up and fought against male chauvinism with much passion and unity.Less
The chapter outlines the growth of the Women's Liberation Movement from being confined to one small room to nationwide and then international coverage. The lawmakers rushed to catch up with the Women's Liberation and this led to many laws being formed in favor of women. Several unions were also formed for union women who demanded liberation for themselves. Zapping the Miss America Beauty Pageant was another achievement of the women's movement. The chapter also gives details about the first national conference which indicated the growth of the new women's movement. With the rise of the movement between 1968–1970 women all over the nation rose up and fought against male chauvinism with much passion and unity.
Carol Giardina
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813034560
- eISBN:
- 9780813039329
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813034560.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, Social History
The chapter brings forth the debate which was initiated in black Women's Liberation groups as well as white groups over men being regarded as being the oppressors of women. Groups were formed among ...
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The chapter brings forth the debate which was initiated in black Women's Liberation groups as well as white groups over men being regarded as being the oppressors of women. Groups were formed among radical women over the reasons responsible for the oppression of women. Some declared capitalism to be the sole oppressor of women while others held the culpability of men to be responsible. These debates among radical women helped to give rise to ideas upon which the Women's Liberation Movement was built. The chapter also traces the formation of the Women's Liberation Movement which demanded women's representation in every walk of life be it in education or employment.Less
The chapter brings forth the debate which was initiated in black Women's Liberation groups as well as white groups over men being regarded as being the oppressors of women. Groups were formed among radical women over the reasons responsible for the oppression of women. Some declared capitalism to be the sole oppressor of women while others held the culpability of men to be responsible. These debates among radical women helped to give rise to ideas upon which the Women's Liberation Movement was built. The chapter also traces the formation of the Women's Liberation Movement which demanded women's representation in every walk of life be it in education or employment.
Joanna L. Grossman and Lawrence M. Friedman
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691149820
- eISBN:
- 9781400839773
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691149820.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Family Law
This book is a comprehensive social history of twentieth-century family law in the United States. The book shows how vast, oceanic changes in society have reshaped and reconstituted the American ...
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This book is a comprehensive social history of twentieth-century family law in the United States. The book shows how vast, oceanic changes in society have reshaped and reconstituted the American family. Women and children have gained rights and powers, and novel forms of family life have emerged. The family has more or less dissolved into a collection of independent individuals with their own wants, desires, and goals. Modern family law, as always, reflects the brute social and cultural facts of family life. The story of family law in the twentieth century is complex. This was the century that said goodbye to common-law marriage and breach-of-promise lawsuits. This was the century, too, of the sexual revolution and women's liberation, of gay rights and cohabitation. Marriage lost its powerful monopoly over legitimate sexual behavior. Couples who lived together without marriage now had certain rights. Gay marriage became legal in a handful of jurisdictions. By the end of the century, no state still prohibited same-sex behavior. Children in many states could legally have two mothers or two fathers. No-fault divorce became cheap and easy. And illegitimacy lost most of its social and legal stigma. These changes were not smooth or linear—all met with resistance and provoked a certain amount of backlash. Families took many forms, some of them new and different, and though buffeted by the winds of change, the family persisted as a central institution in society. This book tells the story of that institution, exploring the ways in which law tried to penetrate and control this most mysterious realm of personal life.Less
This book is a comprehensive social history of twentieth-century family law in the United States. The book shows how vast, oceanic changes in society have reshaped and reconstituted the American family. Women and children have gained rights and powers, and novel forms of family life have emerged. The family has more or less dissolved into a collection of independent individuals with their own wants, desires, and goals. Modern family law, as always, reflects the brute social and cultural facts of family life. The story of family law in the twentieth century is complex. This was the century that said goodbye to common-law marriage and breach-of-promise lawsuits. This was the century, too, of the sexual revolution and women's liberation, of gay rights and cohabitation. Marriage lost its powerful monopoly over legitimate sexual behavior. Couples who lived together without marriage now had certain rights. Gay marriage became legal in a handful of jurisdictions. By the end of the century, no state still prohibited same-sex behavior. Children in many states could legally have two mothers or two fathers. No-fault divorce became cheap and easy. And illegitimacy lost most of its social and legal stigma. These changes were not smooth or linear—all met with resistance and provoked a certain amount of backlash. Families took many forms, some of them new and different, and though buffeted by the winds of change, the family persisted as a central institution in society. This book tells the story of that institution, exploring the ways in which law tried to penetrate and control this most mysterious realm of personal life.
Carol Giardina
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813034560
- eISBN:
- 9780813039329
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813034560.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Social History
Male domination in the early 1960s limited women's participation in important spheres of life. Few women were even aware of the fact that they were being oppressed in any way. Then by the close of ...
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Male domination in the early 1960s limited women's participation in important spheres of life. Few women were even aware of the fact that they were being oppressed in any way. Then by the close of the decade, a movement was initiated, challenging male chauvinism in every field. This chapter pays attention to the emergence of the feminist movement for fighting against injustice committed against women by their counterparts. The chapter throws light on the oppressive conditions of women from which they were entirely unconscious. Then slowly conditions changed the Women's Liberation Movements which started in the 1960s. The chapter views the changes that were brought about by the liberation movement. Further, the chapter charts the journey of women activists involved in women's liberation movements.Less
Male domination in the early 1960s limited women's participation in important spheres of life. Few women were even aware of the fact that they were being oppressed in any way. Then by the close of the decade, a movement was initiated, challenging male chauvinism in every field. This chapter pays attention to the emergence of the feminist movement for fighting against injustice committed against women by their counterparts. The chapter throws light on the oppressive conditions of women from which they were entirely unconscious. Then slowly conditions changed the Women's Liberation Movements which started in the 1960s. The chapter views the changes that were brought about by the liberation movement. Further, the chapter charts the journey of women activists involved in women's liberation movements.
Carol Giardina
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813034560
- eISBN:
- 9780813039329
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813034560.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, Social History
The chapter traces the journey of the formation of the Women's Liberation Movement. When the movement was initiated many questions arose such as whether men should be included in the revolt or ...
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The chapter traces the journey of the formation of the Women's Liberation Movement. When the movement was initiated many questions arose such as whether men should be included in the revolt or whether they should be categorized as women's oppressors. “Sisterhood is Powerful” and “Consciousness-Raising” were some of the major ideas influencing the movement. The debate over the need for a political program for the movement gave rise to the program for feminist consciousness-raising. Consciousness-raising and black women's liberation are closely knitted together. The ideas of “Sisterhood is Powerful” and “Consciousness-Raising” found many favorable social conditions for stirring and organizing a Women's Liberation Movement.Less
The chapter traces the journey of the formation of the Women's Liberation Movement. When the movement was initiated many questions arose such as whether men should be included in the revolt or whether they should be categorized as women's oppressors. “Sisterhood is Powerful” and “Consciousness-Raising” were some of the major ideas influencing the movement. The debate over the need for a political program for the movement gave rise to the program for feminist consciousness-raising. Consciousness-raising and black women's liberation are closely knitted together. The ideas of “Sisterhood is Powerful” and “Consciousness-Raising” found many favorable social conditions for stirring and organizing a Women's Liberation Movement.
Carol Giardina
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813034560
- eISBN:
- 9780813039329
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813034560.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Social History
In this first-hand history of the contemporary Women's Liberation Movement (WLM), the book argues against the prevalent belief that the movement grew out of frustrations over the male chauvinism ...
More
In this first-hand history of the contemporary Women's Liberation Movement (WLM), the book argues against the prevalent belief that the movement grew out of frustrations over the male chauvinism experienced by WLM founders active in the Black Freedom Movement and the New Left. Instead, it contends, it was the ideas, resources, and skills that women gained in these movements that were the new and necessary catalysts for forging the WLM in the 1960s. The book uses a focused study of the WLM in Florida to tap into the common theory and history shared by a relatively small band of Women's Liberation founders across the country. Drawing on a wealth of interviews, autobiographical essays, organizational records, and published writings, the book brings to light information that has been previously ignored in other secondary accounts about the leadership of African American women in the movement. It also explores activists' roots in other movements on the left. It is a vivid portrait of the people and events that shaped radical feminism.Less
In this first-hand history of the contemporary Women's Liberation Movement (WLM), the book argues against the prevalent belief that the movement grew out of frustrations over the male chauvinism experienced by WLM founders active in the Black Freedom Movement and the New Left. Instead, it contends, it was the ideas, resources, and skills that women gained in these movements that were the new and necessary catalysts for forging the WLM in the 1960s. The book uses a focused study of the WLM in Florida to tap into the common theory and history shared by a relatively small band of Women's Liberation founders across the country. Drawing on a wealth of interviews, autobiographical essays, organizational records, and published writings, the book brings to light information that has been previously ignored in other secondary accounts about the leadership of African American women in the movement. It also explores activists' roots in other movements on the left. It is a vivid portrait of the people and events that shaped radical feminism.
Michelle Chase
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781469625003
- eISBN:
- 9781469625027
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469625003.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
This chapter recovers the rise and demise of the new pro-revolutionary women’s groups that emerged in the aftermath of revolutionary triumph. These groups had roots in both the New, insurrectionary ...
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This chapter recovers the rise and demise of the new pro-revolutionary women’s groups that emerged in the aftermath of revolutionary triumph. These groups had roots in both the New, insurrectionary Left, and the Old, Marxist Left (the Partido Socialista Popular, PSP). This chapter argues that, while often at odds with one another over ideology and geopolitics, these women’s groups collectively pushed women’s issues—including gender equity—onto the revolutionary leadership’s horizon for the first time. Despite their importance, these groups were forcibly disbanded in mid-1960 when the revolutionary government established a single mass organization for women, the Federation of Cuban Women (Federación de Mujeres Cubanas, FMC). The chapter thus reverses standard assumptions about women’s liberation from above in the revolution, showing that women in fact pushed for inclusion and equality.Less
This chapter recovers the rise and demise of the new pro-revolutionary women’s groups that emerged in the aftermath of revolutionary triumph. These groups had roots in both the New, insurrectionary Left, and the Old, Marxist Left (the Partido Socialista Popular, PSP). This chapter argues that, while often at odds with one another over ideology and geopolitics, these women’s groups collectively pushed women’s issues—including gender equity—onto the revolutionary leadership’s horizon for the first time. Despite their importance, these groups were forcibly disbanded in mid-1960 when the revolutionary government established a single mass organization for women, the Federation of Cuban Women (Federación de Mujeres Cubanas, FMC). The chapter thus reverses standard assumptions about women’s liberation from above in the revolution, showing that women in fact pushed for inclusion and equality.
Maxine Leeds Craig
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195152623
- eISBN:
- 9780199849345
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195152623.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter begins with a discussion of the two separate protests conducted during the Miss America pageant in September 1968: that of Women's Liberation members against beauty pageants, and the ...
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This chapter begins with a discussion of the two separate protests conducted during the Miss America pageant in September 1968: that of Women's Liberation members against beauty pageants, and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People's (NAACP) staging of the first Miss Black America pageant as a “positive protest” against the exclusion of black women from the Miss America title. It then discusses the social sources of resistance, value of social honor, and the multidimensionality of racial rearticulation. An overview of the subsequent chapters is also presented.Less
This chapter begins with a discussion of the two separate protests conducted during the Miss America pageant in September 1968: that of Women's Liberation members against beauty pageants, and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People's (NAACP) staging of the first Miss Black America pageant as a “positive protest” against the exclusion of black women from the Miss America title. It then discusses the social sources of resistance, value of social honor, and the multidimensionality of racial rearticulation. An overview of the subsequent chapters is also presented.
Christina Simmons
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195064117
- eISBN:
- 9780199869565
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195064117.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century, Social History
The Introduction discusses the purpose of the book, which is to explain the fierce debates among whites and African Americans about American women's sexuality in the early 20th century that set an ...
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The Introduction discusses the purpose of the book, which is to explain the fierce debates among whites and African Americans about American women's sexuality in the early 20th century that set an older motherhood-centered ideal against a modern female style and produced a new conception of marriage that prevailed until the challenges of the Women's Liberation Movement. The Introduction also summarizes the chapters that follow.Less
The Introduction discusses the purpose of the book, which is to explain the fierce debates among whites and African Americans about American women's sexuality in the early 20th century that set an older motherhood-centered ideal against a modern female style and produced a new conception of marriage that prevailed until the challenges of the Women's Liberation Movement. The Introduction also summarizes the chapters that follow.
