Carrie Hamilton
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719075452
- eISBN:
- 9781781700754
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719075452.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Political History
At a time when conflicts in Europe, the Middle East and elsewhere are highlighting women's roles as armed activists and combatants, this volume offers a book-length study of women's participation in ...
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At a time when conflicts in Europe, the Middle East and elsewhere are highlighting women's roles as armed activists and combatants, this volume offers a book-length study of women's participation in Spain's oldest armed movement. Drawing on a body of oral history interviews, archival material and published sources, it shows how women's participation in radical Basque nationalism has changed from the founding of ETA in 1959 to the present. The book analyses several aspects of women's nationalist activism: collaboration and direct activism in ETA, cultural movements, motherhood, prison and feminism. By focusing on gender politics, it offers new perspectives on the history of ETA, including recruitment, the militarisation of radical Basque nationalism and the role of the media in shaping popular understandings of ‘terrorism’. These arguments are directly relevant to the study of women in other insurgence and terrorist movements.Less
At a time when conflicts in Europe, the Middle East and elsewhere are highlighting women's roles as armed activists and combatants, this volume offers a book-length study of women's participation in Spain's oldest armed movement. Drawing on a body of oral history interviews, archival material and published sources, it shows how women's participation in radical Basque nationalism has changed from the founding of ETA in 1959 to the present. The book analyses several aspects of women's nationalist activism: collaboration and direct activism in ETA, cultural movements, motherhood, prison and feminism. By focusing on gender politics, it offers new perspectives on the history of ETA, including recruitment, the militarisation of radical Basque nationalism and the role of the media in shaping popular understandings of ‘terrorism’. These arguments are directly relevant to the study of women in other insurgence and terrorist movements.
Ronnee Schreiber
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195331813
- eISBN:
- 9780199851829
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195331813.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
When we think of women's activism in America, figures such as Gloria Steinem and Betty Friedan invariably come to mind—those liberal doyennes who have fought for years to chip away at patriarchy and ...
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When we think of women's activism in America, figures such as Gloria Steinem and Betty Friedan invariably come to mind—those liberal doyennes who have fought for years to chip away at patriarchy and achieve gender equality. But women's interests are not synonymous with organizations like NOW anymore. As this book shows, the conservative ascendancy that began in the Reagan era has been accompanied by the emergence of a broad-based conservative women's movement. And while firebrands like Ann Coulter and Phyllis Schlafly may be the public face of right-wing women's activism, a handful of large and established women's organizations have proven to be the most effective promoters of the conservative agenda. This book shows that one of the key—albeit overlooked—developments in political activism since the 1980s has been the emergence of conservative women's organizations. It focuses on the most prominent of these groups, Concerned Women for America (CWA) and the Independent Women's Forum (IWF), to reveal how they are using feminist rhetoric for conservative ends: outlawing abortion, restricting pornography, and bolstering the traditional family. But ironically, these organizations face a paradox: to combat the legacy of feminism—particularly its appeal to the majority of American women—they must use the rhetoric of women's empowerment. Indeed, the book illustrates how conservative activists are often the beneficiaries of the very feminist politics they oppose. Yet just as importantly, it demolishes two widely believed truisms: that conservatism holds no appeal to women and that modern conservatism is hostile to the very notion of women's activism.Less
When we think of women's activism in America, figures such as Gloria Steinem and Betty Friedan invariably come to mind—those liberal doyennes who have fought for years to chip away at patriarchy and achieve gender equality. But women's interests are not synonymous with organizations like NOW anymore. As this book shows, the conservative ascendancy that began in the Reagan era has been accompanied by the emergence of a broad-based conservative women's movement. And while firebrands like Ann Coulter and Phyllis Schlafly may be the public face of right-wing women's activism, a handful of large and established women's organizations have proven to be the most effective promoters of the conservative agenda. This book shows that one of the key—albeit overlooked—developments in political activism since the 1980s has been the emergence of conservative women's organizations. It focuses on the most prominent of these groups, Concerned Women for America (CWA) and the Independent Women's Forum (IWF), to reveal how they are using feminist rhetoric for conservative ends: outlawing abortion, restricting pornography, and bolstering the traditional family. But ironically, these organizations face a paradox: to combat the legacy of feminism—particularly its appeal to the majority of American women—they must use the rhetoric of women's empowerment. Indeed, the book illustrates how conservative activists are often the beneficiaries of the very feminist politics they oppose. Yet just as importantly, it demolishes two widely believed truisms: that conservatism holds no appeal to women and that modern conservatism is hostile to the very notion of women's activism.
Frances C. Galt
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781529206296
- eISBN:
- 9781529214475
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781529206296.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics
This chapter establishes the original contribution of the book by addressing why this research is necessary, where it sits within the existing literature and how this research has been conducted. ...
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This chapter establishes the original contribution of the book by addressing why this research is necessary, where it sits within the existing literature and how this research has been conducted. Firstly, this chapter illustrates the timeliness of the book with reference to women’s renewed activism against sexual harassment and gender discrimination in the film and television industries and in the trade union movement. Secondly, this chapter explains the rationale for its focus and establishes the three central themes which underpin the book’s analysis of the relationship between women and trade unions in the British film and television industries: the operation of a gendered union structure, women’s union activism, and the relationship between class and gender in the labour movement. Thirdly, this chapter surveys existing literature in the fields of Women’s Labour History, Industrial Relations Scholarship and Women’s Film and Television History. Fourthly, this chapter details the methodological approach of this project, which combines archival research with oral history. Finally, this chapter outlines the structure of the book.Less
This chapter establishes the original contribution of the book by addressing why this research is necessary, where it sits within the existing literature and how this research has been conducted. Firstly, this chapter illustrates the timeliness of the book with reference to women’s renewed activism against sexual harassment and gender discrimination in the film and television industries and in the trade union movement. Secondly, this chapter explains the rationale for its focus and establishes the three central themes which underpin the book’s analysis of the relationship between women and trade unions in the British film and television industries: the operation of a gendered union structure, women’s union activism, and the relationship between class and gender in the labour movement. Thirdly, this chapter surveys existing literature in the fields of Women’s Labour History, Industrial Relations Scholarship and Women’s Film and Television History. Fourthly, this chapter details the methodological approach of this project, which combines archival research with oral history. Finally, this chapter outlines the structure of the book.
Rachel Rinaldo
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781501742477
- eISBN:
- 9781501742491
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501742477.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, Asian Politics
This chapter assesses the impact of the rise of these conservative Islamic countermovements on activism in support of women's rights. After all, women not only played an important role in the push ...
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This chapter assesses the impact of the rise of these conservative Islamic countermovements on activism in support of women's rights. After all, women not only played an important role in the push for democracy but were able to see through significant reforms for women during reformasi. But the same conditions that have made it possible for progressive women activists, religious and secular, to make these gains contributed also to the rise of conservative Islamic groups. These groups' values are directly threatened by a vibrant women's movement. This chapter argues that the movement's ideological divisions and its inability to mobilize a mass base—along with the changes brought about by decentralization—have made it difficult for the progressive women's movement to respond to more organized conservative forces.Less
This chapter assesses the impact of the rise of these conservative Islamic countermovements on activism in support of women's rights. After all, women not only played an important role in the push for democracy but were able to see through significant reforms for women during reformasi. But the same conditions that have made it possible for progressive women activists, religious and secular, to make these gains contributed also to the rise of conservative Islamic groups. These groups' values are directly threatened by a vibrant women's movement. This chapter argues that the movement's ideological divisions and its inability to mobilize a mass base—along with the changes brought about by decentralization—have made it difficult for the progressive women's movement to respond to more organized conservative forces.
Frances Galt
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781529206296
- eISBN:
- 9781529214475
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781529206296.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics
This book contributes to important discussions on gender inequality in the present-day film and television industries and labour movement through an historical analysis of women workers and their ...
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This book contributes to important discussions on gender inequality in the present-day film and television industries and labour movement through an historical analysis of women workers and their trade union in the British film and television industries from 1933 to 2017. This book concentrates on the three iterations of the technicians’ union: the Association of Cine-Technicians (ACT) (1933-56), the Association of Cinematograph, Television and Allied Technicians (ACTT) (1957-91), and the Broadcasting, Entertainment, Cinematograph and Theatre Union (BECTU) (1991-2017). Drawing on previously unseen archival material and oral history interviews with activists, it casts new light on women’s experiences of union participation and feminism over nine decades. This book advances three key arguments in relation to its central themes: the operation of a gendered union structure, women’s activism, and the relationship between class and gender in the labour movement. Firstly, it argues that a gendered union structure was institutionalised from the union’s establishment and maintained through a belief system that women’s issues were not trade union issues. Secondly, it argues that separate self-organisation was essential to women’s activity within the gendered union structure as it provided an essential space and voice for women to discuss their gender-specific concerns, develop consciousness and skills and formulate policy. It further emphasises the importance of external feminist allies to women’s union activity. Thirdly, it argues that class differences between middle-class women in film and television production and working-class women in the laboratories informed the direction of women’s activity at its height during the 1970s and 1980s.Less
This book contributes to important discussions on gender inequality in the present-day film and television industries and labour movement through an historical analysis of women workers and their trade union in the British film and television industries from 1933 to 2017. This book concentrates on the three iterations of the technicians’ union: the Association of Cine-Technicians (ACT) (1933-56), the Association of Cinematograph, Television and Allied Technicians (ACTT) (1957-91), and the Broadcasting, Entertainment, Cinematograph and Theatre Union (BECTU) (1991-2017). Drawing on previously unseen archival material and oral history interviews with activists, it casts new light on women’s experiences of union participation and feminism over nine decades. This book advances three key arguments in relation to its central themes: the operation of a gendered union structure, women’s activism, and the relationship between class and gender in the labour movement. Firstly, it argues that a gendered union structure was institutionalised from the union’s establishment and maintained through a belief system that women’s issues were not trade union issues. Secondly, it argues that separate self-organisation was essential to women’s activity within the gendered union structure as it provided an essential space and voice for women to discuss their gender-specific concerns, develop consciousness and skills and formulate policy. It further emphasises the importance of external feminist allies to women’s union activity. Thirdly, it argues that class differences between middle-class women in film and television production and working-class women in the laboratories informed the direction of women’s activity at its height during the 1970s and 1980s.
Gill Hague
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- January 2022
- ISBN:
- 9781447356325
- eISBN:
- 9781447356363
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447356325.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Movements and Social Change
This book is a one-off history of the women’s domestic violence movement in the UK with some international and global content. It celebrates transformative women’s activism on violence against women ...
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This book is a one-off history of the women’s domestic violence movement in the UK with some international and global content. It celebrates transformative women’s activism on violence against women from the 1960s on. Interviews with activists, practitioners and abuse survivors provide reflection on this inspiring movement of social change for women, shaped by a generation of pioneering activists. The book is illustrated with memories, anecdotes and memoir, and with poems celebrating women’s activism. It also reflects on the movement challenging rape and sexual violence. It presents an analysis of the radical early politics of the domestic violence refuges and Women’s Aid in terms of the empowerment of women, collective working and attempting to break down differences between women providing and using services. This particular history is almost lost from view and the book aims to recall and celebrate it. Further, it details the challenges of the Black women’s movement and the development of specialist services for Black, minority ethnic and refugee (BMER) women. Legal, strategy and policy developments are outlined. Also covered are cutbacks, the difficulties of seeking funding within competitive commissioning frameworks and attacks on the sector in recent years, disproportionately experienced by BMER projects. The discussions include attention to harmful practices like ‘honour’-based violence, FGM and forced marriage. The book also discusses international activism on domestic violence, the relevance of shelters/refuges across the world and trans-national women’s partnerships. It outlines the development of feminist research on violence against women. Projects, campaigns and key activists are honoured throughout.Less
This book is a one-off history of the women’s domestic violence movement in the UK with some international and global content. It celebrates transformative women’s activism on violence against women from the 1960s on. Interviews with activists, practitioners and abuse survivors provide reflection on this inspiring movement of social change for women, shaped by a generation of pioneering activists. The book is illustrated with memories, anecdotes and memoir, and with poems celebrating women’s activism. It also reflects on the movement challenging rape and sexual violence. It presents an analysis of the radical early politics of the domestic violence refuges and Women’s Aid in terms of the empowerment of women, collective working and attempting to break down differences between women providing and using services. This particular history is almost lost from view and the book aims to recall and celebrate it. Further, it details the challenges of the Black women’s movement and the development of specialist services for Black, minority ethnic and refugee (BMER) women. Legal, strategy and policy developments are outlined. Also covered are cutbacks, the difficulties of seeking funding within competitive commissioning frameworks and attacks on the sector in recent years, disproportionately experienced by BMER projects. The discussions include attention to harmful practices like ‘honour’-based violence, FGM and forced marriage. The book also discusses international activism on domestic violence, the relevance of shelters/refuges across the world and trans-national women’s partnerships. It outlines the development of feminist research on violence against women. Projects, campaigns and key activists are honoured throughout.
Akwi Seo
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780824866693
- eISBN:
- 9780824876937
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824866693.003.0014
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Gender Studies
The issue of “comfort women” urged a self-revision of Japanese women’s movements in the 1990s from “victim” to “assailant,” from monolith to multiplicity, revealing a legacy of colonialism and racism ...
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The issue of “comfort women” urged a self-revision of Japanese women’s movements in the 1990s from “victim” to “assailant,” from monolith to multiplicity, revealing a legacy of colonialism and racism within Japanese feminism. A group of women of Korean origin played a significant role in advancing the redress movement in Japan. Korean Women’s Network on the Comfort Women Issue (JŪgun Ianfu Mondai Uri Yoson Nettowāku) emerged as the first grassroots movement that drew attention to multiple forms of oppression and the specific identity and positioning of Korean women in Japan. Through this movement, Yeoseong Network criticized their marginalization and invisibility in Japanese society as well as the sexism in the ethnic Korean community. Bridging women’s movements in Japan and Korea, it broke ground for transnational feminist solidarity in East Asia. This chapter explores the complexity of liberation for ethnic minority women.Less
The issue of “comfort women” urged a self-revision of Japanese women’s movements in the 1990s from “victim” to “assailant,” from monolith to multiplicity, revealing a legacy of colonialism and racism within Japanese feminism. A group of women of Korean origin played a significant role in advancing the redress movement in Japan. Korean Women’s Network on the Comfort Women Issue (JŪgun Ianfu Mondai Uri Yoson Nettowāku) emerged as the first grassroots movement that drew attention to multiple forms of oppression and the specific identity and positioning of Korean women in Japan. Through this movement, Yeoseong Network criticized their marginalization and invisibility in Japanese society as well as the sexism in the ethnic Korean community. Bridging women’s movements in Japan and Korea, it broke ground for transnational feminist solidarity in East Asia. This chapter explores the complexity of liberation for ethnic minority women.
Frances C. Galt
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781529206296
- eISBN:
- 9781529214475
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781529206296.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics
The final chapter draws together the key conclusions advanced within this book in relation to its three central themes: the operation of the gendered union structure, women’s union activism, and the ...
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The final chapter draws together the key conclusions advanced within this book in relation to its three central themes: the operation of the gendered union structure, women’s union activism, and the relationship between class and gender in the labour movement. Firstly, it argues that a gendered union structure was institutionalised from the union’s establishment and maintained through a belief system that women’s issues were not trade union issues. Secondly, it argues that separate self-organisation was essential to women’s activity within the gendered union structure as it provided an essential space and voice for women to discuss their gender-specific concerns, develop consciousness and skills and formulate policy. It further emphasises the importance of external feminist allies to women’s union activity. Thirdly, it argues that class differences between middle-class women in film and television production and working-class women in the laboratories informed the direction of women’s activity at its height during the 1970s and 1980s. This chapter then surveys the central arguments advanced in each chapter to illustrate these core conclusions. It concludes with a consideration of the practical implications of this research for campaigns against gender discrimination within the British labour movement and the film and television industries.Less
The final chapter draws together the key conclusions advanced within this book in relation to its three central themes: the operation of the gendered union structure, women’s union activism, and the relationship between class and gender in the labour movement. Firstly, it argues that a gendered union structure was institutionalised from the union’s establishment and maintained through a belief system that women’s issues were not trade union issues. Secondly, it argues that separate self-organisation was essential to women’s activity within the gendered union structure as it provided an essential space and voice for women to discuss their gender-specific concerns, develop consciousness and skills and formulate policy. It further emphasises the importance of external feminist allies to women’s union activity. Thirdly, it argues that class differences between middle-class women in film and television production and working-class women in the laboratories informed the direction of women’s activity at its height during the 1970s and 1980s. This chapter then surveys the central arguments advanced in each chapter to illustrate these core conclusions. It concludes with a consideration of the practical implications of this research for campaigns against gender discrimination within the British labour movement and the film and television industries.
Catia Cecilia Confortini
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199845231
- eISBN:
- 9780199979875
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199845231.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter starts with a discussion about international relations (IR) theory’s understandings of peace as well as the relationship between peace and feminist IR, pointing at the need both to be ...
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This chapter starts with a discussion about international relations (IR) theory’s understandings of peace as well as the relationship between peace and feminist IR, pointing at the need both to be concerned about peace and to revisit its relationship to feminism. It highlights the importance of analyzing women’s peace activism to draw lessons for IR and feminism as well as the uniqueness of WILPF for this type of project. This is followed by historical background on WILPF, from its origins to the end of the Second World War. Finally, it locates the organization in the context of the post–WWII international liberal order as it was being shaped by the United States and its allies.Less
This chapter starts with a discussion about international relations (IR) theory’s understandings of peace as well as the relationship between peace and feminist IR, pointing at the need both to be concerned about peace and to revisit its relationship to feminism. It highlights the importance of analyzing women’s peace activism to draw lessons for IR and feminism as well as the uniqueness of WILPF for this type of project. This is followed by historical background on WILPF, from its origins to the end of the Second World War. Finally, it locates the organization in the context of the post–WWII international liberal order as it was being shaped by the United States and its allies.
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226443058
- eISBN:
- 9780226443072
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226443072.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter examines the history of abortion and women's health activism in Chicago, Illinois. Health feminists first worked underground and provided abortions before their legalization in 1973, and ...
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This chapter examines the history of abortion and women's health activism in Chicago, Illinois. Health feminists first worked underground and provided abortions before their legalization in 1973, and later established clinics and activist organizations in the name of reproductive rights. The chapter suggests that the evolution of feminist health activism from a subversive illegal service to a vocal and visible network of women reveals the movement's heartfelt commitment to transforming health care and demonstrates the fractures and fatigue activists encountered as their efforts were repeatedly attacked by conservatives and by liberals who could not agree on political strategies and priorities.Less
This chapter examines the history of abortion and women's health activism in Chicago, Illinois. Health feminists first worked underground and provided abortions before their legalization in 1973, and later established clinics and activist organizations in the name of reproductive rights. The chapter suggests that the evolution of feminist health activism from a subversive illegal service to a vocal and visible network of women reveals the movement's heartfelt commitment to transforming health care and demonstrates the fractures and fatigue activists encountered as their efforts were repeatedly attacked by conservatives and by liberals who could not agree on political strategies and priorities.
Elizabeth Meehan
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199204939
- eISBN:
- 9780191695599
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199204939.003.0022
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration
This chapter is concerned with human rights and women's rights. It shows how the European Union (EU) and the international human rights agenda have contributed to women's activism in efforts to ...
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This chapter is concerned with human rights and women's rights. It shows how the European Union (EU) and the international human rights agenda have contributed to women's activism in efforts to influence the design of devolved institutions in Great Britain. It re-evaluates the risk of universalism and looks at how the international human rights agenda has contributed to women's activism in efforts to influence the design of devolved institutions in Northern Ireland. The findings reveal that treating women's rights as human rights can contribute to breaks-through in circumstances that are hostile to women's interests.Less
This chapter is concerned with human rights and women's rights. It shows how the European Union (EU) and the international human rights agenda have contributed to women's activism in efforts to influence the design of devolved institutions in Great Britain. It re-evaluates the risk of universalism and looks at how the international human rights agenda has contributed to women's activism in efforts to influence the design of devolved institutions in Northern Ireland. The findings reveal that treating women's rights as human rights can contribute to breaks-through in circumstances that are hostile to women's interests.
Nelia Hyndman-Rizk
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- January 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781479846641
- eISBN:
- 9781479856961
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479846641.003.0033
- Subject:
- Political Science, Middle Eastern Politics
While the critical role of new media technologies in facilitating new social movements has been widely debated, fewer studies have collected empirical data on online campaigns in the Arab uprisings ...
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While the critical role of new media technologies in facilitating new social movements has been widely debated, fewer studies have collected empirical data on online campaigns in the Arab uprisings or asked activists themselves their views on the efficacy of online versus offline modes of social mobilization. In this chapter, Nelia Hyndman-Rizk contributes to the conversation by comparing online and offline women’s rights activism in Lebanon and examining two campaigns that employ both modes of social mobilization. The chapter asks whether new media technology has enabled the Lebanese women’s movement to enter a new phase in its development.Less
While the critical role of new media technologies in facilitating new social movements has been widely debated, fewer studies have collected empirical data on online campaigns in the Arab uprisings or asked activists themselves their views on the efficacy of online versus offline modes of social mobilization. In this chapter, Nelia Hyndman-Rizk contributes to the conversation by comparing online and offline women’s rights activism in Lebanon and examining two campaigns that employ both modes of social mobilization. The chapter asks whether new media technology has enabled the Lebanese women’s movement to enter a new phase in its development.
Hwasook Nam
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- January 2022
- ISBN:
- 9781501758263
- eISBN:
- 9781501758287
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501758263.003.0003
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Gender Studies
This chapter examines Kang Churyong's association with the communist movement in the region, which at the time was concentrating its resources on the task of organizing industrial workers into ...
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This chapter examines Kang Churyong's association with the communist movement in the region, which at the time was concentrating its resources on the task of organizing industrial workers into revolutionary unions. A women's movement activist, Cho Yŏngok, served as a link between Kang and communist organizers. The chapter explores how the contemporary women's movement positioned itself toward women industrial workers and labor issues and surveys the rise of a new generation of educated “new women,” some of whom were, like Cho Yŏngok, joining underground operations to organize women workers at rubber and textile factories. The surge of women worker militancy provoked intense interest not only from communist activists but also from radical writers who began to compose activist yŏgong characters in their literary works. The chapter ends with an exploration of some of these works, stories that portray rubber workers in particular.Less
This chapter examines Kang Churyong's association with the communist movement in the region, which at the time was concentrating its resources on the task of organizing industrial workers into revolutionary unions. A women's movement activist, Cho Yŏngok, served as a link between Kang and communist organizers. The chapter explores how the contemporary women's movement positioned itself toward women industrial workers and labor issues and surveys the rise of a new generation of educated “new women,” some of whom were, like Cho Yŏngok, joining underground operations to organize women workers at rubber and textile factories. The surge of women worker militancy provoked intense interest not only from communist activists but also from radical writers who began to compose activist yŏgong characters in their literary works. The chapter ends with an exploration of some of these works, stories that portray rubber workers in particular.
Keisha-Khan Y. Perry
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816683239
- eISBN:
- 9781452949154
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816683239.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Latin American Cultural Anthropology
This book offers a depth of ethnographic work that makes the following theoretical interventions: (a) to emphasize the significance of Brazil in the formation of the African Diaspora with specific ...
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This book offers a depth of ethnographic work that makes the following theoretical interventions: (a) to emphasize the significance of Brazil in the formation of the African Diaspora with specific attention to black women as social and political agents; (b) to highlight the political life of black communities, specifically those in urban contexts oftentimes represented as socially pathological and politically bankrupt; and (c) to offer a corrective perspective on how we think about politics by focusing on grassroots social movements in neighborhoods as key sites of struggle. The book describes in great detail the neighborhood association in Gamboa de Baixo located on the coast in the city-center of the northeastern city of Salvador. Local activists have been key in the city-wide movement for land and housing rights, and the geographic location of the neighborhood is crucial for understanding the gendered racial aspects of urban renewal and the formation of black women-led social movements. It makes connections between the local, national and international politics of race, gender and the modernization of global cities and provides an example of the kinds of resistance movements that have emerged as a result.Less
This book offers a depth of ethnographic work that makes the following theoretical interventions: (a) to emphasize the significance of Brazil in the formation of the African Diaspora with specific attention to black women as social and political agents; (b) to highlight the political life of black communities, specifically those in urban contexts oftentimes represented as socially pathological and politically bankrupt; and (c) to offer a corrective perspective on how we think about politics by focusing on grassroots social movements in neighborhoods as key sites of struggle. The book describes in great detail the neighborhood association in Gamboa de Baixo located on the coast in the city-center of the northeastern city of Salvador. Local activists have been key in the city-wide movement for land and housing rights, and the geographic location of the neighborhood is crucial for understanding the gendered racial aspects of urban renewal and the formation of black women-led social movements. It makes connections between the local, national and international politics of race, gender and the modernization of global cities and provides an example of the kinds of resistance movements that have emerged as a result.
Rita Stephan and Mounira M. Charrad (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- January 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781479846641
- eISBN:
- 9781479856961
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479846641.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Middle Eastern Politics
Images of women protesting in the Arab Spring, from Tahrir Square to the streets of Tunisia and Syria, have become emblematic of the political upheaval sweeping the Middle East and North Africa. In ...
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Images of women protesting in the Arab Spring, from Tahrir Square to the streets of Tunisia and Syria, have become emblematic of the political upheaval sweeping the Middle East and North Africa. In Women Rising, Rita Stephan and Mounira M. Charrad bring together a provocative group of scholars, activists, and artists to highlight the first-hand experiences of these remarkable women. In this relevant and timely volume, Stephan and Charrad paint a picture of women’s political resistance in sixteen countries before, during, and since the Arab Spring protests, which first began in 2011. Contributors provide insight into a diverse range of perspectives across the entire movement, focusing on often-marginalized voices, including those of rural women, housewives, students, and artists. Women Rising offers an on-the-ground understanding of an important twenty-first-century movement, telling the story of Arab women’s activism.Less
Images of women protesting in the Arab Spring, from Tahrir Square to the streets of Tunisia and Syria, have become emblematic of the political upheaval sweeping the Middle East and North Africa. In Women Rising, Rita Stephan and Mounira M. Charrad bring together a provocative group of scholars, activists, and artists to highlight the first-hand experiences of these remarkable women. In this relevant and timely volume, Stephan and Charrad paint a picture of women’s political resistance in sixteen countries before, during, and since the Arab Spring protests, which first began in 2011. Contributors provide insight into a diverse range of perspectives across the entire movement, focusing on often-marginalized voices, including those of rural women, housewives, students, and artists. Women Rising offers an on-the-ground understanding of an important twenty-first-century movement, telling the story of Arab women’s activism.
Cherisse Jones-Branch
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780813049250
- eISBN:
- 9780813050089
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813049250.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
Chapter 2 focuses on the post–World War II years and the early years of the 1950s, specifically on the formation and activism of women’s organizations. Although the national organizations of the YWCA ...
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Chapter 2 focuses on the post–World War II years and the early years of the 1950s, specifically on the formation and activism of women’s organizations. Although the national organizations of the YWCA and Church Women United mandated integration, segregated activism continued at the local level in South Carolina. As Brown v. Board of Education loomed over the South and South Carolina, black and white women prepared themselves and their communities for changes that might result from the decision. Even before 1954, black women and their organizations galvanized support among African Americans and led the campaign for Elmore v. Rice, which helped obtain voting rights for blacks and access to the state Democratic Party. This chapter also considers the activism of liberal whites like Judge J. Waties Waring and his wife Elizabeth and explores the difficulties they encountered when they challenged racial injustice and long-assumed white supremacy.Less
Chapter 2 focuses on the post–World War II years and the early years of the 1950s, specifically on the formation and activism of women’s organizations. Although the national organizations of the YWCA and Church Women United mandated integration, segregated activism continued at the local level in South Carolina. As Brown v. Board of Education loomed over the South and South Carolina, black and white women prepared themselves and their communities for changes that might result from the decision. Even before 1954, black women and their organizations galvanized support among African Americans and led the campaign for Elmore v. Rice, which helped obtain voting rights for blacks and access to the state Democratic Party. This chapter also considers the activism of liberal whites like Judge J. Waties Waring and his wife Elizabeth and explores the difficulties they encountered when they challenged racial injustice and long-assumed white supremacy.
Sherine Hafez
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814773031
- eISBN:
- 9780814790724
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814773031.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
This chapter lays out the main themes in the historical processes contextualizing women's Islamic activism in Egypt. It analyzes the relationship between the projects of secularization instituted by ...
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This chapter lays out the main themes in the historical processes contextualizing women's Islamic activism in Egypt. It analyzes the relationship between the projects of secularization instituted by colonial and nationalist politics in Egypt and the production of secular liberal citizens of the state. Women are positioned at the intersection of these relationships. Simultaneously bearing the symbols of tradition and modernity, they continue to be the target of ideological projects that shape Egyptian social values. Islamic women's activism embodies these trajectories, yet it also reconstitutes them in ways that reflect the inconsistencies, temporalities, and discontinuities in the mutual embeddedness of religion and secularism. An understanding of Egypt's particular historicity will shed some light on the processes shaping the desires of the women who engage in Islamic movements.Less
This chapter lays out the main themes in the historical processes contextualizing women's Islamic activism in Egypt. It analyzes the relationship between the projects of secularization instituted by colonial and nationalist politics in Egypt and the production of secular liberal citizens of the state. Women are positioned at the intersection of these relationships. Simultaneously bearing the symbols of tradition and modernity, they continue to be the target of ideological projects that shape Egyptian social values. Islamic women's activism embodies these trajectories, yet it also reconstitutes them in ways that reflect the inconsistencies, temporalities, and discontinuities in the mutual embeddedness of religion and secularism. An understanding of Egypt's particular historicity will shed some light on the processes shaping the desires of the women who engage in Islamic movements.
Cherisse Jones-Branch
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780813049250
- eISBN:
- 9780813050089
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813049250.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
Chapter 3 highlights South Carolina’s reaction to changes flowing from the Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court decision. It also explores the ways in which white and black women’s organizations ...
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Chapter 3 highlights South Carolina’s reaction to changes flowing from the Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court decision. It also explores the ways in which white and black women’s organizations increased, or in some cases limited, their activism and their affiliations with national organizations in reaction to the decision and the increased racial tensions throughout the state.Less
Chapter 3 highlights South Carolina’s reaction to changes flowing from the Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court decision. It also explores the ways in which white and black women’s organizations increased, or in some cases limited, their activism and their affiliations with national organizations in reaction to the decision and the increased racial tensions throughout the state.
Carrie Hamilton
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719075452
- eISBN:
- 9781781700754
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719075452.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Political History
This book aims to restore gender to a central position in the history of radical nationalism through a study of women's participation as members and supporters of Euskadi ta Askatasuna (ETA) during ...
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This book aims to restore gender to a central position in the history of radical nationalism through a study of women's participation as members and supporters of Euskadi ta Askatasuna (ETA) during the organisation's first two decades (1959 to 1982). In the absence of significant written records of women's participation in radical Basque nationalism, this study also depends on oral history interviews with former activists for evidence of the changing patterns of women's activism in ETA. The interviews explored in the book highlight the importance of feelings of love and happiness, often above anger and hatred, in memories of radical nationalist activists.Less
This book aims to restore gender to a central position in the history of radical nationalism through a study of women's participation as members and supporters of Euskadi ta Askatasuna (ETA) during the organisation's first two decades (1959 to 1982). In the absence of significant written records of women's participation in radical Basque nationalism, this study also depends on oral history interviews with former activists for evidence of the changing patterns of women's activism in ETA. The interviews explored in the book highlight the importance of feelings of love and happiness, often above anger and hatred, in memories of radical nationalist activists.
Susan K. Cahn
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252040399
- eISBN:
- 9780252098819
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252040399.003.0010
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
This chapter examines how the discourse of democracy led female students at black, white, co-ed, and single-sex colleges to agitate against rules and regulations that solidified heterosexual norms. ...
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This chapter examines how the discourse of democracy led female students at black, white, co-ed, and single-sex colleges to agitate against rules and regulations that solidified heterosexual norms. It uncovers a moment in the early twentieth century when female students engaged in faux marriage ceremonies, in which women played the roles of groom, bride, bridesmaids, and presiding minister in full drag. Here, the chapter charts how these traditions faded in the postwar period, but in this transition, openings emerged to define new racial and sexual relations. Heterosexuality became a concerted, deliberate choice that did not naturally grow from various southern traditions. This transition also paved the way for increased women's activism in the South.Less
This chapter examines how the discourse of democracy led female students at black, white, co-ed, and single-sex colleges to agitate against rules and regulations that solidified heterosexual norms. It uncovers a moment in the early twentieth century when female students engaged in faux marriage ceremonies, in which women played the roles of groom, bride, bridesmaids, and presiding minister in full drag. Here, the chapter charts how these traditions faded in the postwar period, but in this transition, openings emerged to define new racial and sexual relations. Heterosexuality became a concerted, deliberate choice that did not naturally grow from various southern traditions. This transition also paved the way for increased women's activism in the South.
