Loriliai Biernacki
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195327823
- eISBN:
- 9780199785520
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195327823.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Hinduism
What role, if any, do wives play in Tantric rite of sexual union? This chapter focuses on a neglected counterview within Tantric praxis: the participation of the wife as the male practitioner's ...
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What role, if any, do wives play in Tantric rite of sexual union? This chapter focuses on a neglected counterview within Tantric praxis: the participation of the wife as the male practitioner's partner in the Tantric sex rite. Admittedly, the texts that enjoin only the wife as partner, excluding the “other” woman, are a minority. Nevertheless, that this occurs at all suggests we need to expand our images of Tantric practice. The alternative this presents makes it apparent that dominant representations did not exist uncontested. This chapter suggests that the wife as partner disrupts normative relations between the genders. A consequence is that the wife as partner in the rite undoes the more typical coding of women as male property. It also allows us to see an otherwise obscured element of transgression as religious phenomenon: it may here in part derive from the anxiety of difference that woman presents.Less
What role, if any, do wives play in Tantric rite of sexual union? This chapter focuses on a neglected counterview within Tantric praxis: the participation of the wife as the male practitioner's partner in the Tantric sex rite. Admittedly, the texts that enjoin only the wife as partner, excluding the “other” woman, are a minority. Nevertheless, that this occurs at all suggests we need to expand our images of Tantric practice. The alternative this presents makes it apparent that dominant representations did not exist uncontested. This chapter suggests that the wife as partner disrupts normative relations between the genders. A consequence is that the wife as partner in the rite undoes the more typical coding of women as male property. It also allows us to see an otherwise obscured element of transgression as religious phenomenon: it may here in part derive from the anxiety of difference that woman presents.
Lesley J. Gordon
Carol K. Bleser (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195330854
- eISBN:
- 9780199851393
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195330854.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
From Robert E. and Mary Lee to Ulysses S. and Julia Grant, this book examines the marriages of twelve prominent military commanders, highlighting the impact wives had on their famous husbands' ...
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From Robert E. and Mary Lee to Ulysses S. and Julia Grant, this book examines the marriages of twelve prominent military commanders, highlighting the impact wives had on their famous husbands' careers. The authors assemble an array of scholars to explore the marriages of six Confederate and six Union commanders. Contributors reveal that, for many of these men, the matrimonial bond was the most important relationship in their lives, one that shaped (and was shaped by) their military experience. In some cases, the commanders' spouses proved relentless and skillful promoters of their husbands' careers. Jessie Frémont drew on all of her connections as the daughter of former Senator Thomas Hart Benton to aid her modestly talented husband John. Others bolstered their military spouses in less direct ways. For example, Ulysses S. Grant's relationship with Julia (a Southerner and former slave owner herself) kept him anchored in stormy times. Here, too, are tense and tempestuous pairings, such as William Tecumseh Sherman and his wife Ellen — his foster sister before becoming his wife — and Jefferson Davis's complex bond with Varina, further complicated by the hostile rumors about the two in Richmond society.Less
From Robert E. and Mary Lee to Ulysses S. and Julia Grant, this book examines the marriages of twelve prominent military commanders, highlighting the impact wives had on their famous husbands' careers. The authors assemble an array of scholars to explore the marriages of six Confederate and six Union commanders. Contributors reveal that, for many of these men, the matrimonial bond was the most important relationship in their lives, one that shaped (and was shaped by) their military experience. In some cases, the commanders' spouses proved relentless and skillful promoters of their husbands' careers. Jessie Frémont drew on all of her connections as the daughter of former Senator Thomas Hart Benton to aid her modestly talented husband John. Others bolstered their military spouses in less direct ways. For example, Ulysses S. Grant's relationship with Julia (a Southerner and former slave owner herself) kept him anchored in stormy times. Here, too, are tense and tempestuous pairings, such as William Tecumseh Sherman and his wife Ellen — his foster sister before becoming his wife — and Jefferson Davis's complex bond with Varina, further complicated by the hostile rumors about the two in Richmond society.
David Albert Jones
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199213009
- eISBN:
- 9780191707179
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199213009.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
This chapter describes the means by which clergy managed their glebe, whether by cultivating it themselves or letting it, and the means by which tithes were collected. It discusses the extent of ...
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This chapter describes the means by which clergy managed their glebe, whether by cultivating it themselves or letting it, and the means by which tithes were collected. It discusses the extent of their involvement in the agricultural economy of their parishes. It examines the evidence for the size and construction of clergy's parsonage houses, and the steps that were taken from the 1770s to build or improve parsonage houses to promote the residence of incumbents in their parishes. The evidence of the lifestyle of incumbents is investigated, along with the role and position of clergy wives, the provision of support for clergy widows, and the position of clergy in local society. The levels of expenditure of clergy are examined, especially in relation to the overheads in collecting tithe and cultivating glebe, taxation, and charity for the poor of their parishes.Less
This chapter describes the means by which clergy managed their glebe, whether by cultivating it themselves or letting it, and the means by which tithes were collected. It discusses the extent of their involvement in the agricultural economy of their parishes. It examines the evidence for the size and construction of clergy's parsonage houses, and the steps that were taken from the 1770s to build or improve parsonage houses to promote the residence of incumbents in their parishes. The evidence of the lifestyle of incumbents is investigated, along with the role and position of clergy wives, the provision of support for clergy widows, and the position of clergy in local society. The levels of expenditure of clergy are examined, especially in relation to the overheads in collecting tithe and cultivating glebe, taxation, and charity for the poor of their parishes.
Diane Sainsbury
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198294160
- eISBN:
- 9780191600142
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198294166.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
Examines the preferential treatment of marriage and family responsibilities in taxation, along with taxes as incentives or disincentives of wives’ employment, in 14 OECD countries. A comparison of ...
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Examines the preferential treatment of marriage and family responsibilities in taxation, along with taxes as incentives or disincentives of wives’ employment, in 14 OECD countries. A comparison of the tax systems in the mid‐1980s and the mid‐1990s shows that diversity among the countries has actually widened in terms of tax relief for family responsibilities. To understand the reasons behind increasing diversity, the author singles out four countries—Australia, the Netherlands, Germany, and the USA—representing opposite cases for an examination of the politics of tax reform. The examination indicates the role of women's movements, the parties in government, policy legacies, and state structures.Less
Examines the preferential treatment of marriage and family responsibilities in taxation, along with taxes as incentives or disincentives of wives’ employment, in 14 OECD countries. A comparison of the tax systems in the mid‐1980s and the mid‐1990s shows that diversity among the countries has actually widened in terms of tax relief for family responsibilities. To understand the reasons behind increasing diversity, the author singles out four countries—Australia, the Netherlands, Germany, and the USA—representing opposite cases for an examination of the politics of tax reform. The examination indicates the role of women's movements, the parties in government, policy legacies, and state structures.
Sanford N. Katz
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199264346
- eISBN:
- 9780191718502
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199264346.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Family Law
For many years family law was viewed as a study of the regulation of relationships of husband and wife, and parent and child. By the close of the 20th century, basic questions about who should be ...
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For many years family law was viewed as a study of the regulation of relationships of husband and wife, and parent and child. By the close of the 20th century, basic questions about who should be officially designated a family member and by what procedure were being raised both in the legislature and in litigation. In addition, conventional models that had defined domestic relations such as marriage, divorce, and adoption were being expanded to include contemporary patterns of living arrangements. This book examines the present state of family law in America. Among its themes is the tension between individual autonomy and governmental regulation in all aspects of family law. It examines both conventional and new definitions of formal and informal domestic relationships. It analyses the extent to which relationships established before marriage are being regulated, and how marriage is being redefined to take into account equality of the sexes. It demonstrates how the definition of marriage as a partnership in which the individual spouse's rights are recognized has resulted in protection of the vulnerable spouse. It examines fault and no-fault divorce procedures and the extent to which these procedures reflect social realities. This book describes state intervention into the parent and child relationship and how this is reflected in the re-examination of the privacy of the family unit. It concludes with a discussion of the conventional model of adoption of children and how additional models are being developed to take into account new family forms.Less
For many years family law was viewed as a study of the regulation of relationships of husband and wife, and parent and child. By the close of the 20th century, basic questions about who should be officially designated a family member and by what procedure were being raised both in the legislature and in litigation. In addition, conventional models that had defined domestic relations such as marriage, divorce, and adoption were being expanded to include contemporary patterns of living arrangements. This book examines the present state of family law in America. Among its themes is the tension between individual autonomy and governmental regulation in all aspects of family law. It examines both conventional and new definitions of formal and informal domestic relationships. It analyses the extent to which relationships established before marriage are being regulated, and how marriage is being redefined to take into account equality of the sexes. It demonstrates how the definition of marriage as a partnership in which the individual spouse's rights are recognized has resulted in protection of the vulnerable spouse. It examines fault and no-fault divorce procedures and the extent to which these procedures reflect social realities. This book describes state intervention into the parent and child relationship and how this is reflected in the re-examination of the privacy of the family unit. It concludes with a discussion of the conventional model of adoption of children and how additional models are being developed to take into account new family forms.
Simon Morrison
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195181678
- eISBN:
- 9780199870806
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195181678.003.0009
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western
This chapter describes Prokofiev's gradual rehabilitation within the Stalinist cultural and political establishment, his successful fulfillment of commissions for pallid works on themes of youth ...
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This chapter describes Prokofiev's gradual rehabilitation within the Stalinist cultural and political establishment, his successful fulfillment of commissions for pallid works on themes of youth (notably Winter Bonfire and On Guard for Peace), and his collaborations with the cellist Mstislav Rostropovich. It also chronicles Prokofiev's hospitalizations and his solitary existence with his second wife Mira Mendelson in Nikolina Gora, where, in his final months, he conceived a series of works in the spirit of Bach. The chapter concludes with an assessment of Prokofiev's posthumous legacy.Less
This chapter describes Prokofiev's gradual rehabilitation within the Stalinist cultural and political establishment, his successful fulfillment of commissions for pallid works on themes of youth (notably Winter Bonfire and On Guard for Peace), and his collaborations with the cellist Mstislav Rostropovich. It also chronicles Prokofiev's hospitalizations and his solitary existence with his second wife Mira Mendelson in Nikolina Gora, where, in his final months, he conceived a series of works in the spirit of Bach. The chapter concludes with an assessment of Prokofiev's posthumous legacy.
Heidi R. M. Pauwels
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195369908
- eISBN:
- 9780199871322
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195369908.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, Hinduism
Chapter 5 studies how goddesses cope with the threat of “the other woman.” It compares free‐spirited Shurpanakha's attempt to seduce Rama with the Gopis’ jealousy for sophisticated Kubja, Krishna's ...
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Chapter 5 studies how goddesses cope with the threat of “the other woman.” It compares free‐spirited Shurpanakha's attempt to seduce Rama with the Gopis’ jealousy for sophisticated Kubja, Krishna's lover in Mathura. The older versions tended towards the burlesque with some problematic behavior of the heroes, which later versions downplay. Shurpanakha becomes the negative example of the vamp who is punished severely, we hardly hear about Sita's reaction. The Gopis’ jealousy of Kubja is extensively described in the medieval sources, but the televised version turns Kubja into an exemplary devotee and completely erases the erotic aspects of the encounter with Krishna. Contemporary films too tend to turn such co‐wives into long‐suffering devotees, absolving the men from all blame and recommending self‐sacrifice in the interest of their men for wife and lover alike. Movies discussed are Hamara Dil aapke paas hai, Satyam Shivam Sundaram, Devdas, Main Tulsi tere aangan ki, and Souten.Less
Chapter 5 studies how goddesses cope with the threat of “the other woman.” It compares free‐spirited Shurpanakha's attempt to seduce Rama with the Gopis’ jealousy for sophisticated Kubja, Krishna's lover in Mathura. The older versions tended towards the burlesque with some problematic behavior of the heroes, which later versions downplay. Shurpanakha becomes the negative example of the vamp who is punished severely, we hardly hear about Sita's reaction. The Gopis’ jealousy of Kubja is extensively described in the medieval sources, but the televised version turns Kubja into an exemplary devotee and completely erases the erotic aspects of the encounter with Krishna. Contemporary films too tend to turn such co‐wives into long‐suffering devotees, absolving the men from all blame and recommending self‐sacrifice in the interest of their men for wife and lover alike. Movies discussed are Hamara Dil aapke paas hai, Satyam Shivam Sundaram, Devdas, Main Tulsi tere aangan ki, and Souten.
Marcia C. Inhorn
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691148885
- eISBN:
- 9781400842629
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691148885.003.0004
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
This chapter discusses how husbands' loving commitments toward their wives are a major part of Middle Eastern conjugality and an important feature of emergent masculinities in the region. Even ...
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This chapter discusses how husbands' loving commitments toward their wives are a major part of Middle Eastern conjugality and an important feature of emergent masculinities in the region. Even seemingly traditional men such as Hatem—a farmer from a “closed” rural Syrian community—defy masculine stereotypes. Although conventional wisdom suggests that Middle Eastern men routinely divorce their infertile wives, Hatem's case provides evidence to the contrary. His story suggests that enduring conjugal commitments are a key feature of emergent masculinities in the Middle East, even in the face of intractable infertility. According to studies, this is as true among lower-class Middle Eastern couples, both urban and rural, as it is among cosmopolitan elites.Less
This chapter discusses how husbands' loving commitments toward their wives are a major part of Middle Eastern conjugality and an important feature of emergent masculinities in the region. Even seemingly traditional men such as Hatem—a farmer from a “closed” rural Syrian community—defy masculine stereotypes. Although conventional wisdom suggests that Middle Eastern men routinely divorce their infertile wives, Hatem's case provides evidence to the contrary. His story suggests that enduring conjugal commitments are a key feature of emergent masculinities in the Middle East, even in the face of intractable infertility. According to studies, this is as true among lower-class Middle Eastern couples, both urban and rural, as it is among cosmopolitan elites.
Elliott Antokoletz
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195365825
- eISBN:
- 9780199868865
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195365825.003.0012
- Subject:
- Music, Opera
This chapter looks at Doors VI, lake of tears, and VII, former wives, and begins with the transition from Doors V to VI which reveals Bluebeard's acquisition of Judith's “Fate” ...
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This chapter looks at Doors VI, lake of tears, and VII, former wives, and begins with the transition from Doors V to VI which reveals Bluebeard's acquisition of Judith's “Fate” (pentatonic/whole-tone) motif. These final Doors suggest the sexual instinct and the death wish. They point to the traditional role of women and the transition to equality. The chapter explores the Symbolic connections of Nietzsche, Bartók, Bluebeard, and Judith.Less
This chapter looks at Doors VI, lake of tears, and VII, former wives, and begins with the transition from Doors V to VI which reveals Bluebeard's acquisition of Judith's “Fate” (pentatonic/whole-tone) motif. These final Doors suggest the sexual instinct and the death wish. They point to the traditional role of women and the transition to equality. The chapter explores the Symbolic connections of Nietzsche, Bartók, Bluebeard, and Judith.
William Cornish
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199239757
- eISBN:
- 9780191705151
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199239757.003.0025
- Subject:
- Law, Legal History
This chapter shows that in parallel with the demand for judicial divorce came a campaign for married women to be entitled to their separate earnings and other assets, just as much as if they were ...
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This chapter shows that in parallel with the demand for judicial divorce came a campaign for married women to be entitled to their separate earnings and other assets, just as much as if they were held in a trust for their own use. If they were wealthy enough they might seek to set up a separate use settlement for the conduct of business affairs; but the expense of establishing the actual trust was considerable and running a business in which trustees became the legal owners of assets could well be cumbersome. For over a decade, the activists continued to press for political rights to be conferred on all women, and property rights, on wives. The campaign reached its climax during the 1867 debates on the reform of the parliamentary franchise.Less
This chapter shows that in parallel with the demand for judicial divorce came a campaign for married women to be entitled to their separate earnings and other assets, just as much as if they were held in a trust for their own use. If they were wealthy enough they might seek to set up a separate use settlement for the conduct of business affairs; but the expense of establishing the actual trust was considerable and running a business in which trustees became the legal owners of assets could well be cumbersome. For over a decade, the activists continued to press for political rights to be conferred on all women, and property rights, on wives. The campaign reached its climax during the 1867 debates on the reform of the parliamentary franchise.
GREG WALKER
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780197264942
- eISBN:
- 9780191754111
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264942.003.0012
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter analyzes how the cinema and television have rendered Henry VIII. It considers films such as The Private Life of Henry VIII (1933) and Anne of the Thousand Days (1969), and television ...
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This chapter analyzes how the cinema and television have rendered Henry VIII. It considers films such as The Private Life of Henry VIII (1933) and Anne of the Thousand Days (1969), and television shows such as The Six Wives of Henry VIII and The Tudors. It suggests that Henry has generally been the protagonist in the dramas in which he has appeared, and it has been his experiences and his emotional journey, that are spectators' principal concern.Less
This chapter analyzes how the cinema and television have rendered Henry VIII. It considers films such as The Private Life of Henry VIII (1933) and Anne of the Thousand Days (1969), and television shows such as The Six Wives of Henry VIII and The Tudors. It suggests that Henry has generally been the protagonist in the dramas in which he has appeared, and it has been his experiences and his emotional journey, that are spectators' principal concern.
Donald Maurice
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195156904
- eISBN:
- 9780199868339
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195156904.003.0002
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western
This chapter discusses the circumstances in New York in which Béla and Ditta Bartók lived, including health issues, the process of the viola concerto commission from William Primrose, the period of ...
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This chapter discusses the circumstances in New York in which Béla and Ditta Bartók lived, including health issues, the process of the viola concerto commission from William Primrose, the period of composition, influences in the work, and a description of the actual manuscript. It also places the concerto into context with other works of the American period. Tibor Serly's recollection of the events leading to the composer's death is revealed, as written in a later article. Attention is drawn to the possibility that there is Scottish influence “hidden” in the work and this chapter speculates on where this is and whether the melody of The Wife She Brewed It may be its origin.Less
This chapter discusses the circumstances in New York in which Béla and Ditta Bartók lived, including health issues, the process of the viola concerto commission from William Primrose, the period of composition, influences in the work, and a description of the actual manuscript. It also places the concerto into context with other works of the American period. Tibor Serly's recollection of the events leading to the composer's death is revealed, as written in a later article. Attention is drawn to the possibility that there is Scottish influence “hidden” in the work and this chapter speculates on where this is and whether the melody of The Wife She Brewed It may be its origin.
Tessa Rajak
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199262120
- eISBN:
- 9780191718533
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199262120.003.0005
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, European History: BCE to 500CE
This chapter lays out the evidence for the continued importance of Josephus’ personal connections with diaspora ‘Ioudaioi’ in the years after he had settled in Rome. First, Josephus needs to be ...
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This chapter lays out the evidence for the continued importance of Josephus’ personal connections with diaspora ‘Ioudaioi’ in the years after he had settled in Rome. First, Josephus needs to be related to the large diaspora community in Rome itself. Furthermore, he most likely maintained connections in various parts of the eastern Mediterranean (his second wife was from Alexandria; his third wife was from the diaspora Jewish community on Crete; he also had some dealings with the diaspora community in Cyrene, and he may well have returned to Judaea to visit his estates and possibly the emerging Rabbinic centre at Jamnia). In short, Josephus — despite his Roman citizenship, his obvious links to the Flavian emperors, as well as the importance of Graeco-Roman literary traditions to his development as a historian — still retained a strong Jewish identity.Less
This chapter lays out the evidence for the continued importance of Josephus’ personal connections with diaspora ‘Ioudaioi’ in the years after he had settled in Rome. First, Josephus needs to be related to the large diaspora community in Rome itself. Furthermore, he most likely maintained connections in various parts of the eastern Mediterranean (his second wife was from Alexandria; his third wife was from the diaspora Jewish community on Crete; he also had some dealings with the diaspora community in Cyrene, and he may well have returned to Judaea to visit his estates and possibly the emerging Rabbinic centre at Jamnia). In short, Josephus — despite his Roman citizenship, his obvious links to the Flavian emperors, as well as the importance of Graeco-Roman literary traditions to his development as a historian — still retained a strong Jewish identity.
Rosalind Brown-Grant
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199554140
- eISBN:
- 9780191721069
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199554140.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Early and Medieval Literature
Whilst French romances of the 12th and 13th centuries enjoy a privileged place in the literary history of France, romances from the later middle ages have been neglected by modern scholars. In ...
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Whilst French romances of the 12th and 13th centuries enjoy a privileged place in the literary history of France, romances from the later middle ages have been neglected by modern scholars. In particular, although this genre has been seen as providing a forum within which contemporary ideas about masculine and feminine roles were debated, little work has been done on the gender ideology of 14th- and 15th-century texts. This book's aims is to fill this gap in the scholarship by analysing how the views of gender found in earlier romances were reshaped in the texts produced in the moralising intellectual environment of the later medieval period. In order to explore these topics, the book discusses sixteen historico-realist prose romances written between 1390 and 1480, many of which were commissioned at the court of Burgundy. It addresses key issues in recent studies of gender in medieval culture including the construction of chivalric masculinity, the representation of adolescent desire, and the social and sexual roles of husbands and wives. In addition to offering close readings of these texts, it shows how the romances of the period were informed by ideas about gender which circulated in contemporary works such as manuals of chivalry, moral treatises, and marriage sermons. It aims to question the critical consensus on the role of gender in medieval romance that has arisen from an exclusive focus on earlier works in the genre.Less
Whilst French romances of the 12th and 13th centuries enjoy a privileged place in the literary history of France, romances from the later middle ages have been neglected by modern scholars. In particular, although this genre has been seen as providing a forum within which contemporary ideas about masculine and feminine roles were debated, little work has been done on the gender ideology of 14th- and 15th-century texts. This book's aims is to fill this gap in the scholarship by analysing how the views of gender found in earlier romances were reshaped in the texts produced in the moralising intellectual environment of the later medieval period. In order to explore these topics, the book discusses sixteen historico-realist prose romances written between 1390 and 1480, many of which were commissioned at the court of Burgundy. It addresses key issues in recent studies of gender in medieval culture including the construction of chivalric masculinity, the representation of adolescent desire, and the social and sexual roles of husbands and wives. In addition to offering close readings of these texts, it shows how the romances of the period were informed by ideas about gender which circulated in contemporary works such as manuals of chivalry, moral treatises, and marriage sermons. It aims to question the critical consensus on the role of gender in medieval romance that has arisen from an exclusive focus on earlier works in the genre.
James Daybell
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199259915
- eISBN:
- 9780191717437
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199259915.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This chapter surveys correspondence between spouses, emphasizing the variety and complexity of marital experience, and examining the effects on letters as a source of rising female literacy and ...
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This chapter surveys correspondence between spouses, emphasizing the variety and complexity of marital experience, and examining the effects on letters as a source of rising female literacy and greater epistolary privacy between partners. It stresses that letters reveal the widespread existence of emotional as well as social, economic, and political bonds within marriage, and indicate mutual favourable expectations of conjugal relationships. Allied to this, it argues that correspondence was not merely a pragmatic way of conducting business and conveying information, but in fact performed more privy and intimate functions, and assumed emotional significance. This chapter also assesses the extent to which restrictive gender codes of female behaviour were enforced in practice, mapping the location of power within marital relationships and the scope of wives' activities and interests. Finally, it highlights the differences between husbands' and wives' letters: husbands more frequently articulated emotion and affection in their correspondence than did wives.Less
This chapter surveys correspondence between spouses, emphasizing the variety and complexity of marital experience, and examining the effects on letters as a source of rising female literacy and greater epistolary privacy between partners. It stresses that letters reveal the widespread existence of emotional as well as social, economic, and political bonds within marriage, and indicate mutual favourable expectations of conjugal relationships. Allied to this, it argues that correspondence was not merely a pragmatic way of conducting business and conveying information, but in fact performed more privy and intimate functions, and assumed emotional significance. This chapter also assesses the extent to which restrictive gender codes of female behaviour were enforced in practice, mapping the location of power within marital relationships and the scope of wives' activities and interests. Finally, it highlights the differences between husbands' and wives' letters: husbands more frequently articulated emotion and affection in their correspondence than did wives.
Martin Harries
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823227334
- eISBN:
- 9780823241026
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823227334.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
Can looking at disaster and mass death destroy us? This book provides a theory and a fragmentary history of destructive spectatorship in the twentieth century. Its subject is the notion that the ...
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Can looking at disaster and mass death destroy us? This book provides a theory and a fragmentary history of destructive spectatorship in the twentieth century. Its subject is the notion that the sight of historical catastrophe can destroy the spectator. The fragments of this history all lead back to the story of Lot's wife: looking back at the destruction of the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah, she turns into a pillar of salt. This biblical story of punishment and transformation, a nexus of sexuality, sight, and cities, becomes the template for the modern fear that looking back at disaster might petrify the spectator. Although rarely articulated directly, this idea remains powerful in our culture. This book traces some of its aesthetic, theoretical, and ethical consequences. The author traces the figure of Lot's wife across media. In extended engagements with examples from twentieth-century theatre, film, and painting, he focuses on the theatrical theory of Antonin Artaud, a series of American films, and paintings by Anselm Kiefer. These examples all return to the story of Lot's wife as a way to think about modern predicaments of the spectator. On the one hand, the sometimes veiled figure of Lot's wife allows these artists to picture the desire to destroy the spectator; on the other, she stands as a sign of the potential danger to the spectator. These works, that is, enact critiques of the very desire that inspires them. The book closes with an extended meditation on September 11, criticizing the notion that we should have been destroyed by witnessing the events of that day.Less
Can looking at disaster and mass death destroy us? This book provides a theory and a fragmentary history of destructive spectatorship in the twentieth century. Its subject is the notion that the sight of historical catastrophe can destroy the spectator. The fragments of this history all lead back to the story of Lot's wife: looking back at the destruction of the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah, she turns into a pillar of salt. This biblical story of punishment and transformation, a nexus of sexuality, sight, and cities, becomes the template for the modern fear that looking back at disaster might petrify the spectator. Although rarely articulated directly, this idea remains powerful in our culture. This book traces some of its aesthetic, theoretical, and ethical consequences. The author traces the figure of Lot's wife across media. In extended engagements with examples from twentieth-century theatre, film, and painting, he focuses on the theatrical theory of Antonin Artaud, a series of American films, and paintings by Anselm Kiefer. These examples all return to the story of Lot's wife as a way to think about modern predicaments of the spectator. On the one hand, the sometimes veiled figure of Lot's wife allows these artists to picture the desire to destroy the spectator; on the other, she stands as a sign of the potential danger to the spectator. These works, that is, enact critiques of the very desire that inspires them. The book closes with an extended meditation on September 11, criticizing the notion that we should have been destroyed by witnessing the events of that day.
Mushirul Hasan
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- October 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198063117
- eISBN:
- 9780199080199
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198063117.003.0013
- Subject:
- History, Indian History
The author recalls having engaged in a discussion about religion and marriage with Captain S. and other people while in England. Captain S. told him that Mussulmans content themselves with ...
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The author recalls having engaged in a discussion about religion and marriage with Captain S. and other people while in England. Captain S. told him that Mussulmans content themselves with predestination and have no deliberation. When some people asked why he is not taking a wife, the author said it is impossible for him to marry in England. He argued that those women who are of good caste and noble will not connect themselves with a person of inferior rank and of a different religion; and he himself, in his own country of India, is considered noble. Thus, although a woman of low caste in England may want him, he does not wish to have any thing to do with her. The same people asked him again why his fellowmen sometimes marry two wives, and others four, or why his prophet married nine wives and allowed the people of his sect to marry four.Less
The author recalls having engaged in a discussion about religion and marriage with Captain S. and other people while in England. Captain S. told him that Mussulmans content themselves with predestination and have no deliberation. When some people asked why he is not taking a wife, the author said it is impossible for him to marry in England. He argued that those women who are of good caste and noble will not connect themselves with a person of inferior rank and of a different religion; and he himself, in his own country of India, is considered noble. Thus, although a woman of low caste in England may want him, he does not wish to have any thing to do with her. The same people asked him again why his fellowmen sometimes marry two wives, and others four, or why his prophet married nine wives and allowed the people of his sect to marry four.
John L. Thompson
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195137361
- eISBN:
- 9780199834730
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195137361.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
The story of the Levite and his (possibly) adulterous wife in Judges 19 (like Lot's exposure of his daughters to the men of Sodom in Genesis 19) is often seen as a horrific example of how women are ...
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The story of the Levite and his (possibly) adulterous wife in Judges 19 (like Lot's exposure of his daughters to the men of Sodom in Genesis 19) is often seen as a horrific example of how women are treated as chattels in the Bible: not only does the Levite thrust her into the hands of townsmen who rape her to the point of death, he then butchers her into a dozen pieces as an object lesson and rallying point for the 12 tribes of Israel. The history of interpretation of Judges 19 followed two lines: since the Septuagint text said nothing about the woman's unfaithfulness, patristic writers (who relied on the LXX) were generally sympathetic to her, but later medieval Christians read the Hebrew Bible's report of her harlotry and saw some justice in her unhappy fate. What unites both stories (Judges 19 and Genesis 19), however, is that even when the woman was seen as providentially punished, no one excused her husband or her assailants, even as Lot was roundly censured for his callousness – despite considerations of the duties of hospitality and the appeals to compensatory evil or temporary insanity that were usually factored into the moral equation.Less
The story of the Levite and his (possibly) adulterous wife in Judges 19 (like Lot's exposure of his daughters to the men of Sodom in Genesis 19) is often seen as a horrific example of how women are treated as chattels in the Bible: not only does the Levite thrust her into the hands of townsmen who rape her to the point of death, he then butchers her into a dozen pieces as an object lesson and rallying point for the 12 tribes of Israel. The history of interpretation of Judges 19 followed two lines: since the Septuagint text said nothing about the woman's unfaithfulness, patristic writers (who relied on the LXX) were generally sympathetic to her, but later medieval Christians read the Hebrew Bible's report of her harlotry and saw some justice in her unhappy fate. What unites both stories (Judges 19 and Genesis 19), however, is that even when the woman was seen as providentially punished, no one excused her husband or her assailants, even as Lot was roundly censured for his callousness – despite considerations of the duties of hospitality and the appeals to compensatory evil or temporary insanity that were usually factored into the moral equation.
Corinne G. Dempsey
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- February 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195187298
- eISBN:
- 9780199784547
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195187296.003.0010
- Subject:
- Religion, Hinduism
This chapter brings “home” the image of the temple most commonly invoked by inner core members, all of whom have been unmoored, at some level, from their cultural or religious heritage. Although ...
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This chapter brings “home” the image of the temple most commonly invoked by inner core members, all of whom have been unmoored, at some level, from their cultural or religious heritage. Although seemingly mundane, the temple as “home” is a concept many devotees hold most sacred; it is where participants ultimately find comfort, security, and rest. The chapter begins by describing the challenges of an evolving temple, one that has moved from an intimate, homey, one-and-a-half car garage setting to its current public space. It includes testimonials shared by inner core participants that recount their discovery and eventual dedication to Aiya as guru. Also recounted are the different ways in which these participants construe the temple as home. The chapter finishes by featuring Aiya’s wife, Amma, an understated yet steady presence at the temple, whose no-nonsense homing influence is a force without which Aiya’s spiritual pyrotechnics could never get off the ground.Less
This chapter brings “home” the image of the temple most commonly invoked by inner core members, all of whom have been unmoored, at some level, from their cultural or religious heritage. Although seemingly mundane, the temple as “home” is a concept many devotees hold most sacred; it is where participants ultimately find comfort, security, and rest. The chapter begins by describing the challenges of an evolving temple, one that has moved from an intimate, homey, one-and-a-half car garage setting to its current public space. It includes testimonials shared by inner core participants that recount their discovery and eventual dedication to Aiya as guru. Also recounted are the different ways in which these participants construe the temple as home. The chapter finishes by featuring Aiya’s wife, Amma, an understated yet steady presence at the temple, whose no-nonsense homing influence is a force without which Aiya’s spiritual pyrotechnics could never get off the ground.
Karin E. Gedge
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195130201
- eISBN:
- 9780199835157
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195130200.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
The journals and correspondence of young men entering the Protestant ministry reveal their anxieties about undertaking pastoral work in general and their discomfort and frustration in ministering to ...
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The journals and correspondence of young men entering the Protestant ministry reveal their anxieties about undertaking pastoral work in general and their discomfort and frustration in ministering to women in particular. Formal coursework in the seminary provided insufficient field experience and left the novice pastor deeply worried about his manner, manners, and efficacy. Encounters with women were exceptionally painful, especially when they resisted the clergyman’s exhortations, argued with his theology, or appeared too eager to entertain him. Questioning their own abilities or that of women, young men retreated and avoided women. Even the search for a suitable wife to whom he could delegate his ministry to women generated apprehension, since he was acutely aware that she could “make or mar” his career in the ministry. Whether novices or veteran pastors, many men experienced distance, rather than intimacy or an alliance with women.Less
The journals and correspondence of young men entering the Protestant ministry reveal their anxieties about undertaking pastoral work in general and their discomfort and frustration in ministering to women in particular. Formal coursework in the seminary provided insufficient field experience and left the novice pastor deeply worried about his manner, manners, and efficacy. Encounters with women were exceptionally painful, especially when they resisted the clergyman’s exhortations, argued with his theology, or appeared too eager to entertain him. Questioning their own abilities or that of women, young men retreated and avoided women. Even the search for a suitable wife to whom he could delegate his ministry to women generated apprehension, since he was acutely aware that she could “make or mar” his career in the ministry. Whether novices or veteran pastors, many men experienced distance, rather than intimacy or an alliance with women.
