Ted Gest
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195103434
- eISBN:
- 9780199833887
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195103432.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
A major federal anticrime agency had its roots in an Office of Law Enforcement Assistance established in the presidency of Lyndon Johnson. The agency was enacted into law in a wide‐ranging crime law ...
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A major federal anticrime agency had its roots in an Office of Law Enforcement Assistance established in the presidency of Lyndon Johnson. The agency was enacted into law in a wide‐ranging crime law enacted in 1968. Its name was changed to the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA); its purpose was to distribute federal aid to state and local criminal justice programs. But Congress ordered the agency to be headed by an unwieldy troika of administrators. A succession of leaders over a decade frequently changed policy directions, setting an erratic course while spending almost $1 billion annually in some years. The agency funded some pioneering programs, such as units in prosecutors’ offices to help crime victims and witnesses. Eventually, however, its programs lacked sufficient proof of significant impact on the crime problem or the justice system. President Jimmy Carter proposed its elimination in 1980 and Congress agreed.Less
A major federal anticrime agency had its roots in an Office of Law Enforcement Assistance established in the presidency of Lyndon Johnson. The agency was enacted into law in a wide‐ranging crime law enacted in 1968. Its name was changed to the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA); its purpose was to distribute federal aid to state and local criminal justice programs. But Congress ordered the agency to be headed by an unwieldy troika of administrators. A succession of leaders over a decade frequently changed policy directions, setting an erratic course while spending almost $1 billion annually in some years. The agency funded some pioneering programs, such as units in prosecutors’ offices to help crime victims and witnesses. Eventually, however, its programs lacked sufficient proof of significant impact on the crime problem or the justice system. President Jimmy Carter proposed its elimination in 1980 and Congress agreed.
Brent Waters
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199271962
- eISBN:
- 9780191709883
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199271962.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter describes the normative contours of the family with respect to its teleological and eschatological orientation toward broader spheres of social and political affinities. The principal ...
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This chapter describes the normative contours of the family with respect to its teleological and eschatological orientation toward broader spheres of social and political affinities. The principal foci of this account includes the temporal and timely ordering of these affinities, the providential movement of the family through history, and the witness of the family within a vindicated creation being drawn toward its destiny in Christ by focusing on the related tasks of procreation and social reproduction.Less
This chapter describes the normative contours of the family with respect to its teleological and eschatological orientation toward broader spheres of social and political affinities. The principal foci of this account includes the temporal and timely ordering of these affinities, the providential movement of the family through history, and the witness of the family within a vindicated creation being drawn toward its destiny in Christ by focusing on the related tasks of procreation and social reproduction.
Brent Waters
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199271962
- eISBN:
- 9780191709883
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199271962.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter examines the inherent tension between the church as eschatological witness and the family as providential witness. It is argued, however, that the distinctive and complementary nature of ...
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This chapter examines the inherent tension between the church as eschatological witness and the family as providential witness. It is argued, however, that the distinctive and complementary nature of each respective witness — as disclosed in the vocations of singleness and marriage — applies this tension in a constrictive manner. The principal indicators of this tension are identified in an overview of the eschatological witness of the church, followed by discussions which argue that the church is not a family, and the family is not a church.Less
This chapter examines the inherent tension between the church as eschatological witness and the family as providential witness. It is argued, however, that the distinctive and complementary nature of each respective witness — as disclosed in the vocations of singleness and marriage — applies this tension in a constrictive manner. The principal indicators of this tension are identified in an overview of the eschatological witness of the church, followed by discussions which argue that the church is not a family, and the family is not a church.
Vlatko Vedral
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199215706
- eISBN:
- 9780191706783
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199215706.003.0014
- Subject:
- Physics, Theoretical, Computational, and Statistical Physics
This book has discussed the foundations of quantum information science as well as the relationship between physics and information theory in general. It has considered the quantum equivalents of the ...
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This book has discussed the foundations of quantum information science as well as the relationship between physics and information theory in general. It has considered the quantum equivalents of the Shannon coding and channel capacity theorems. The von Neumann entropy plays a role analogous to the Shannon entropy, and the Holevo bound is the analogue of Shannon's mutual information used to quantify the capacity of a classical channel. Quantum systems can process information more efficiently than classical systems in a number of different ways. Quantum teleportation and quantum dense coding can be performed using quantum entanglement. Entanglement is an excess of correlations that can exist in quantum physics and is impossible to reproduce classically (with what is termed “separable” states). The book has also demonstrated how to discriminate entangled from separable states using entanglement witnesses, as well as how to quantify entanglement, and looked at quantum computation and quantum algorithms.Less
This book has discussed the foundations of quantum information science as well as the relationship between physics and information theory in general. It has considered the quantum equivalents of the Shannon coding and channel capacity theorems. The von Neumann entropy plays a role analogous to the Shannon entropy, and the Holevo bound is the analogue of Shannon's mutual information used to quantify the capacity of a classical channel. Quantum systems can process information more efficiently than classical systems in a number of different ways. Quantum teleportation and quantum dense coding can be performed using quantum entanglement. Entanglement is an excess of correlations that can exist in quantum physics and is impossible to reproduce classically (with what is termed “separable” states). The book has also demonstrated how to discriminate entangled from separable states using entanglement witnesses, as well as how to quantify entanglement, and looked at quantum computation and quantum algorithms.
Roger Shuy
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199926961
- eISBN:
- 9780199980505
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199926961.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
This book analyzes the many ways in which language plays a crucial role in sexual misconduct cases. The book describes eleven court cases for which the author served as an expert witness, and ...
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This book analyzes the many ways in which language plays a crucial role in sexual misconduct cases. The book describes eleven court cases for which the author served as an expert witness, and explains the issues at stake in each case for both lawyers and linguists. The book's attention is on aspects of sexual misconduct that have not previously received the attention they deserve, such as: the language evidence of sexual misconduct in the workplace; cases of adult-to-child sexual misconduct with the family; and adult-adult sexual misconduct cases. The book describes the often-used linguistic analytical tools that are available to both the prosecution and the defense, and argues that there is a particular sequence in which these tools should be used.Less
This book analyzes the many ways in which language plays a crucial role in sexual misconduct cases. The book describes eleven court cases for which the author served as an expert witness, and explains the issues at stake in each case for both lawyers and linguists. The book's attention is on aspects of sexual misconduct that have not previously received the attention they deserve, such as: the language evidence of sexual misconduct in the workplace; cases of adult-to-child sexual misconduct with the family; and adult-adult sexual misconduct cases. The book describes the often-used linguistic analytical tools that are available to both the prosecution and the defense, and argues that there is a particular sequence in which these tools should be used.
Vlatko Vedral
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199215706
- eISBN:
- 9780191706783
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199215706.003.0009
- Subject:
- Physics, Theoretical, Computational, and Statistical Physics
This chapter explains how entanglement witnesses can be measured in practice. The main idea behind the Mach–Zehnder interferometer experiment described earlier is to test for and even measure quantum ...
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This chapter explains how entanglement witnesses can be measured in practice. The main idea behind the Mach–Zehnder interferometer experiment described earlier is to test for and even measure quantum entanglement. The key idea is discussed along with its exact application. Partial transposition is not a physical operation because it is a positive map rather than a CP-map. Therefore, it cannot be implemented directly within the quantum formalism. However, an entanglement witness is the average of some Hermitian operator, and this average is a physically measurable quantity. Thus, it is possible to measure the effects of the partial transposition in some indirect way. This chapter discusses the implementation of the Peres Horodecki criterion using an interferometer. The important message is that a simple apparatus that measures quantum superpositions, such as a Mach–Zehnder interferometer, can also be used for much more complicated measurements.Less
This chapter explains how entanglement witnesses can be measured in practice. The main idea behind the Mach–Zehnder interferometer experiment described earlier is to test for and even measure quantum entanglement. The key idea is discussed along with its exact application. Partial transposition is not a physical operation because it is a positive map rather than a CP-map. Therefore, it cannot be implemented directly within the quantum formalism. However, an entanglement witness is the average of some Hermitian operator, and this average is a physically measurable quantity. Thus, it is possible to measure the effects of the partial transposition in some indirect way. This chapter discusses the implementation of the Peres Horodecki criterion using an interferometer. The important message is that a simple apparatus that measures quantum superpositions, such as a Mach–Zehnder interferometer, can also be used for much more complicated measurements.
Shawn Francis Peters
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195306354
- eISBN:
- 9780199867714
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195306354.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter discusses how issues of reproductive rights have been implicated in cases of religion-based medical neglect. Its primary focus is on legal cases involving members of a New England sect ...
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This chapter discusses how issues of reproductive rights have been implicated in cases of religion-based medical neglect. Its primary focus is on legal cases involving members of a New England sect known as The Body, among them a woman named Rebecca Corneau. Massachusetts authorities obtained a court order mandating state-supervised confinement for Corneau so that she would give birth under a physician's supervision. The chapter also explores other cases raising analogous legal issues, including several cases involving pregnant Jehovah's Witnesses (who have long refused, on religious grounds, to accept blood transfusions). A discussion of Witness transfusion cases involving both children and fetuses highlights the web of bioethical issues confronting physicians and hospital administrators in cases of religion-based medical neglect.Less
This chapter discusses how issues of reproductive rights have been implicated in cases of religion-based medical neglect. Its primary focus is on legal cases involving members of a New England sect known as The Body, among them a woman named Rebecca Corneau. Massachusetts authorities obtained a court order mandating state-supervised confinement for Corneau so that she would give birth under a physician's supervision. The chapter also explores other cases raising analogous legal issues, including several cases involving pregnant Jehovah's Witnesses (who have long refused, on religious grounds, to accept blood transfusions). A discussion of Witness transfusion cases involving both children and fetuses highlights the web of bioethical issues confronting physicians and hospital administrators in cases of religion-based medical neglect.
Zoë Vania Waxman
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199541546
- eISBN:
- 9780191709739
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199541546.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
Arguing against the prevailing view that Holocaust survivors have come forward only recently to tell their stories, Writing the Holocaust examines the full history of Holocaust testimony, from the ...
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Arguing against the prevailing view that Holocaust survivors have come forward only recently to tell their stories, Writing the Holocaust examines the full history of Holocaust testimony, from the first chroniclers confined to Nazi-enforced ghettos and concentration camps, to today's survivors writing as part of collective memory. It shows how the conditions and motivations for bearing witness changed immeasurably through time. By relating testimony to the contexts in which witnesses testified, it reveals the multiplicity of Holocaust experiences, the historically contingent nature of victims' responses, and the extent to which their identities – secular or religious, male or female, East- or West-European – affected not only what they observed, but also how they have written about their experiences. In particular, what survivors remember is substantially determined by the context in which they are remembering.Less
Arguing against the prevailing view that Holocaust survivors have come forward only recently to tell their stories, Writing the Holocaust examines the full history of Holocaust testimony, from the first chroniclers confined to Nazi-enforced ghettos and concentration camps, to today's survivors writing as part of collective memory. It shows how the conditions and motivations for bearing witness changed immeasurably through time. By relating testimony to the contexts in which witnesses testified, it reveals the multiplicity of Holocaust experiences, the historically contingent nature of victims' responses, and the extent to which their identities – secular or religious, male or female, East- or West-European – affected not only what they observed, but also how they have written about their experiences. In particular, what survivors remember is substantially determined by the context in which they are remembering.
Christopher Asprey
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199584703
- eISBN:
- 9780191723209
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199584703.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
This chapter examines Barth's understanding of the nature and task of dogmatics, looking first at an informal but programmatic presentation he gave to faculty colleagues, followed by the prolegomena ...
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This chapter examines Barth's understanding of the nature and task of dogmatics, looking first at an informal but programmatic presentation he gave to faculty colleagues, followed by the prolegomena to his dogmatics lectures in Göttingen. Barth situates the task of dogmatics between a scholastic scientia de Deo, on the one hand, and a Schleiermacherian Religionswissenschaft, on the other. However, his eschatological focus makes it difficult to develop an account of dogmatics that avoids either making it part of the revelation event itself (along the lines of preaching), or opposing it to that event. The task of dogmatics is then to problematise the identity between preaching and the Word of God. In conclusion, a contrast is drawn with Barth's later lectures on John's Gospel, where his attention to the Johannine idea of witness encourages him to develop a more positive description of acts of human testimony to revelation.Less
This chapter examines Barth's understanding of the nature and task of dogmatics, looking first at an informal but programmatic presentation he gave to faculty colleagues, followed by the prolegomena to his dogmatics lectures in Göttingen. Barth situates the task of dogmatics between a scholastic scientia de Deo, on the one hand, and a Schleiermacherian Religionswissenschaft, on the other. However, his eschatological focus makes it difficult to develop an account of dogmatics that avoids either making it part of the revelation event itself (along the lines of preaching), or opposing it to that event. The task of dogmatics is then to problematise the identity between preaching and the Word of God. In conclusion, a contrast is drawn with Barth's later lectures on John's Gospel, where his attention to the Johannine idea of witness encourages him to develop a more positive description of acts of human testimony to revelation.
James Howard‐Johnston
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199208593
- eISBN:
- 9780191594182
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199208593.003.0001
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, World History: BCE to 500CE
After an outline of seventh‐century historical developments in western Eurasia, the procedure to be followed is outlined. The evidence of twenty‐six non‐Muslim witnesses will be examined, evaluated, ...
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After an outline of seventh‐century historical developments in western Eurasia, the procedure to be followed is outlined. The evidence of twenty‐six non‐Muslim witnesses will be examined, evaluated, and summarized, beginning with those best placed to gather reliable information. The scenarios constructed on the basis of their collective testimony will then be used to test the worth of Islamic historical traditions. Finally, the results of the investigation will be used to reconstruct the history of the Middle East in the seventh century.Less
After an outline of seventh‐century historical developments in western Eurasia, the procedure to be followed is outlined. The evidence of twenty‐six non‐Muslim witnesses will be examined, evaluated, and summarized, beginning with those best placed to gather reliable information. The scenarios constructed on the basis of their collective testimony will then be used to test the worth of Islamic historical traditions. Finally, the results of the investigation will be used to reconstruct the history of the Middle East in the seventh century.
Thomas H. Troeger
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195398885
- eISBN:
- 9780199866236
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195398885.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
The final chapter returns to themes of the first chapter: the overtones of beauty and a theologically informed aesthetic. But now the author examines these concepts in light of the illustrative ...
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The final chapter returns to themes of the first chapter: the overtones of beauty and a theologically informed aesthetic. But now the author examines these concepts in light of the illustrative sermons and the experience of particular listeners as they received the sermon and the hymn or music or poem on which it was based. Although each sermon awakened some overtones more than others, there was a broad and grateful response for the sense of the Spirit that came through the integration of sermon and art. Reflecting on these varied responses, the author concludes that the place of beauty in preaching is far more than adding ornament to a fundamentally prosaic proclamation of the gospel. Rather, it lies at the heart of the church’s witness to Christ. We make room in our preaching and worship for beauty so that wonder may be reborn as God is known and experienced anew.Less
The final chapter returns to themes of the first chapter: the overtones of beauty and a theologically informed aesthetic. But now the author examines these concepts in light of the illustrative sermons and the experience of particular listeners as they received the sermon and the hymn or music or poem on which it was based. Although each sermon awakened some overtones more than others, there was a broad and grateful response for the sense of the Spirit that came through the integration of sermon and art. Reflecting on these varied responses, the author concludes that the place of beauty in preaching is far more than adding ornament to a fundamentally prosaic proclamation of the gospel. Rather, it lies at the heart of the church’s witness to Christ. We make room in our preaching and worship for beauty so that wonder may be reborn as God is known and experienced anew.
Jeremy J. Smith
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199291953
- eISBN:
- 9780191710568
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199291953.003.0002
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Historical Linguistics
This chapter addresses a key problem in the study of sound-change, viz. the nature of the evidence. The notion of ‘witness’ is interrogated, and then the chapter deals with four sources of witnesses ...
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This chapter addresses a key problem in the study of sound-change, viz. the nature of the evidence. The notion of ‘witness’ is interrogated, and then the chapter deals with four sources of witnesses traditionally distinguished for the study of past states of the sound-system of a language: writing-systems, verse practices, contemporary writers on language, and reconstruction.Less
This chapter addresses a key problem in the study of sound-change, viz. the nature of the evidence. The notion of ‘witness’ is interrogated, and then the chapter deals with four sources of witnesses traditionally distinguished for the study of past states of the sound-system of a language: writing-systems, verse practices, contemporary writers on language, and reconstruction.
David R. Dupper
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199859597
- eISBN:
- 9780199315932
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199859597.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families
Bullying is one of the most prevalent and insidious forms of school violence today, impacting the learning environment of schools in profound ways. Victims of chronic bullying have poorer grades, ...
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Bullying is one of the most prevalent and insidious forms of school violence today, impacting the learning environment of schools in profound ways. Victims of chronic bullying have poorer grades, increased rates of truancy, increased rates of dropping out, loss of self-esteem, feelings of isolation, depression, and increased risk of suicide attempts. This book is unique in utilizing a larger cultural context and international perspective that broadens the traditional conceptualization of bullying and that promotes creative approaches to a seemingly intractable and complex problem. In addition, the book investigates several “under the radar” forms of bullying (e.g., religious bullying, bullying by teachers and other adults in schools), as well as the unique challenges in assessing these largely unacknowledged forms of bullying in today's U.S. public schools. Viewing bullying as a systematic abuse of power, this book examines all the ways in which power is misused in schools. The book also dispels important myths about bullies and focuses on the increasingly important role that peer witnesses play in exacerbating as well as combating bullying in schools. Consistent with an ecological systems perspective, it utilizes a whole school approach as a framework for developing and implementing comprehensive evidence-based interventions to combat bullying in schools.Less
Bullying is one of the most prevalent and insidious forms of school violence today, impacting the learning environment of schools in profound ways. Victims of chronic bullying have poorer grades, increased rates of truancy, increased rates of dropping out, loss of self-esteem, feelings of isolation, depression, and increased risk of suicide attempts. This book is unique in utilizing a larger cultural context and international perspective that broadens the traditional conceptualization of bullying and that promotes creative approaches to a seemingly intractable and complex problem. In addition, the book investigates several “under the radar” forms of bullying (e.g., religious bullying, bullying by teachers and other adults in schools), as well as the unique challenges in assessing these largely unacknowledged forms of bullying in today's U.S. public schools. Viewing bullying as a systematic abuse of power, this book examines all the ways in which power is misused in schools. The book also dispels important myths about bullies and focuses on the increasingly important role that peer witnesses play in exacerbating as well as combating bullying in schools. Consistent with an ecological systems perspective, it utilizes a whole school approach as a framework for developing and implementing comprehensive evidence-based interventions to combat bullying in schools.
Roger W. Shuy
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195181661
- eISBN:
- 9780199788477
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195181661.003.0016
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
This chapter demonstrates that cooperating witnesses and law enforcement officers use basically the same conversational strategies in their undercover work. It also points out what makes these ...
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This chapter demonstrates that cooperating witnesses and law enforcement officers use basically the same conversational strategies in their undercover work. It also points out what makes these strategies so powerful, the usefulness of linguistics in revealing them, why targets get trapped by them, why the prosecution does not often make use of forensic linguistic analysis, and what might be done about this situation.Less
This chapter demonstrates that cooperating witnesses and law enforcement officers use basically the same conversational strategies in their undercover work. It also points out what makes these strategies so powerful, the usefulness of linguistics in revealing them, why targets get trapped by them, why the prosecution does not often make use of forensic linguistic analysis, and what might be done about this situation.
Zoe Vania Waxman
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199541546
- eISBN:
- 9780191709739
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199541546.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
The concluding chapter argues that while the role of the witness has given survivors a sense of purpose, their testimony is inextricably mediated by the post-war concept of the Holocaust and by ...
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The concluding chapter argues that while the role of the witness has given survivors a sense of purpose, their testimony is inextricably mediated by the post-war concept of the Holocaust and by collective memory. It can be seen that the function of collective memory is not to focus on the past in order to find out more about the Holocaust, but to use the past to inform and address present concerns. Also, it shows how the role of the witness has expanded, so that survivors – who are considered unique – are now expected to educate us not just about the Holocaust, but provide universal lessons regarding morality and the human condition. The sanctification of testimony further serves to entrench and concretize the position of accepted Holocaust narratives and forms of representation.Less
The concluding chapter argues that while the role of the witness has given survivors a sense of purpose, their testimony is inextricably mediated by the post-war concept of the Holocaust and by collective memory. It can be seen that the function of collective memory is not to focus on the past in order to find out more about the Holocaust, but to use the past to inform and address present concerns. Also, it shows how the role of the witness has expanded, so that survivors – who are considered unique – are now expected to educate us not just about the Holocaust, but provide universal lessons regarding morality and the human condition. The sanctification of testimony further serves to entrench and concretize the position of accepted Holocaust narratives and forms of representation.
Robin Briggs
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198225829
- eISBN:
- 9780191708947
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198225829.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter discusses the problems in reading documents of witchcraft trials. It looks at the style and content of depositions, interrogations, and confessions, in order to probe the degree to which ...
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This chapter discusses the problems in reading documents of witchcraft trials. It looks at the style and content of depositions, interrogations, and confessions, in order to probe the degree to which they can be regarded as reliable evidence, whether for events or for attitudes and beliefs. It argues that although the trial records provide historians with far the largest body of evidence, they are also full of hazards for the unwary investigator. Examples are presented to give a sense of the problems and the approaches that have been taken to them. They also cast light on a range of other issues, such as the identity and numbers of witnesses, the possible role of local elites, and the balance between rich and poor.Less
This chapter discusses the problems in reading documents of witchcraft trials. It looks at the style and content of depositions, interrogations, and confessions, in order to probe the degree to which they can be regarded as reliable evidence, whether for events or for attitudes and beliefs. It argues that although the trial records provide historians with far the largest body of evidence, they are also full of hazards for the unwary investigator. Examples are presented to give a sense of the problems and the approaches that have been taken to them. They also cast light on a range of other issues, such as the identity and numbers of witnesses, the possible role of local elites, and the balance between rich and poor.
Lorna Hutson
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199212439
- eISBN:
- 9780191707209
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199212439.003.0003
- Subject:
- Literature, Shakespeare Studies
This chapter considers the influence on the criticism of English Renaissance drama of Michel Foucault's analysis of penal torture as part of the early modern state's appropriation of the juridical ...
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This chapter considers the influence on the criticism of English Renaissance drama of Michel Foucault's analysis of penal torture as part of the early modern state's appropriation of the juridical epistemology of the medieval Church. It argues that the application of the Foucauldian model to English Renaissance drama disregards significant differences between developments in English and French criminal law in the 16th century, most notably the fact that in the English system, proofs were not arithmetically codified and applied by professional judges, but were left to the discretion of the jury. The chapter considers the vernacular dissemination of a language of probability in rhetoric and justicing manuals, and surveys the arguments for and against the early modern jury's capacity to weigh evidence. It concludes, by demonstrating, through a reading of Shakespeare's Titus Andronicus, how disclosure in Renaissance dramatic narrative conforms to the model of jury trial.Less
This chapter considers the influence on the criticism of English Renaissance drama of Michel Foucault's analysis of penal torture as part of the early modern state's appropriation of the juridical epistemology of the medieval Church. It argues that the application of the Foucauldian model to English Renaissance drama disregards significant differences between developments in English and French criminal law in the 16th century, most notably the fact that in the English system, proofs were not arithmetically codified and applied by professional judges, but were left to the discretion of the jury. The chapter considers the vernacular dissemination of a language of probability in rhetoric and justicing manuals, and surveys the arguments for and against the early modern jury's capacity to weigh evidence. It concludes, by demonstrating, through a reading of Shakespeare's Titus Andronicus, how disclosure in Renaissance dramatic narrative conforms to the model of jury trial.
C. J. Brainerd and V. F. Reyna
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195154054
- eISBN:
- 9780199868384
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195154054.003.0006
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
This chapter examines false-memory phenomena in adult witness interviews and in eyewitness identification of suspects. The chapter is divided into two sections. The first section contains examples of ...
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This chapter examines false-memory phenomena in adult witness interviews and in eyewitness identification of suspects. The chapter is divided into two sections. The first section contains examples of police interviews of victims, witnesses, and suspects in a typical case. It presents an overview of the centrality of police interviews in criminal investigation and the dilemmas posedt, and it ends with a discussion of the suggestive properties of such interviews as they are found in police interviewing protocols, such as the widely used Reid technique. The second section begins with an overview of the basic methods used to secure eyewitness identifications in the field, accompanied by recent statistics on the reliability of such identifications. It continues with a taxonomy of 24 factors — some of which are storage factors, retrieval factors, forgetting factors, and enduring characteristics of witnesses — whose effects on the reliability of eyewitness identifications have been established in experiments. The section concludes with two sets of research-based guidelines for eyewitness identifications, one promulgated by a leading scientific society (American Psychology and Law Society) and the other by the US Department of Justice, both aimed at reducing the incidence of false memory responses in eyewitness identification.Less
This chapter examines false-memory phenomena in adult witness interviews and in eyewitness identification of suspects. The chapter is divided into two sections. The first section contains examples of police interviews of victims, witnesses, and suspects in a typical case. It presents an overview of the centrality of police interviews in criminal investigation and the dilemmas posedt, and it ends with a discussion of the suggestive properties of such interviews as they are found in police interviewing protocols, such as the widely used Reid technique. The second section begins with an overview of the basic methods used to secure eyewitness identifications in the field, accompanied by recent statistics on the reliability of such identifications. It continues with a taxonomy of 24 factors — some of which are storage factors, retrieval factors, forgetting factors, and enduring characteristics of witnesses — whose effects on the reliability of eyewitness identifications have been established in experiments. The section concludes with two sets of research-based guidelines for eyewitness identifications, one promulgated by a leading scientific society (American Psychology and Law Society) and the other by the US Department of Justice, both aimed at reducing the incidence of false memory responses in eyewitness identification.
C. J. Brainerd and V. F. Reyna
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195154054
- eISBN:
- 9780199868384
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195154054.003.0007
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
This chapter begins with a precis of the recent history of how the law handles child sexual abuse allegations in the United States. It then discusses research on the suggestibility of children's ...
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This chapter begins with a precis of the recent history of how the law handles child sexual abuse allegations in the United States. It then discusses research on the suggestibility of children's memory reports. The chapter concludes by considering a major way in which the results of such research have benefited the investigation and prosecution of sexual abuse crimes — namely, the development of best-practice protocols for conducting forensic interviews of child victims and witnesses.Less
This chapter begins with a precis of the recent history of how the law handles child sexual abuse allegations in the United States. It then discusses research on the suggestibility of children's memory reports. The chapter concludes by considering a major way in which the results of such research have benefited the investigation and prosecution of sexual abuse crimes — namely, the development of best-practice protocols for conducting forensic interviews of child victims and witnesses.
Françoise Meltzer
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780226625638
- eISBN:
- 9780226625775
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226625775.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Film, Media, and Cultural Studies
This book draws on literature and a never-before-seen cache of photographs taken by a member of the French Resistance (who is also the author's mother), immediately following the Allied bombing of ...
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This book draws on literature and a never-before-seen cache of photographs taken by a member of the French Resistance (who is also the author's mother), immediately following the Allied bombing of Berlin and other German cities near the end of World War II. The book explores the representation of catastrophe through the gaze of the camera's lens. It uses the medium and witnessing of photography to question the ethics of targeting civilians during war.Less
This book draws on literature and a never-before-seen cache of photographs taken by a member of the French Resistance (who is also the author's mother), immediately following the Allied bombing of Berlin and other German cities near the end of World War II. The book explores the representation of catastrophe through the gaze of the camera's lens. It uses the medium and witnessing of photography to question the ethics of targeting civilians during war.
