Thierry Giamarchi
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198525004
- eISBN:
- 9780191711909
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198525004.001.0001
- Subject:
- Physics, Condensed Matter Physics / Materials
This book presents correlated systems in one dimension. Recent progress in nanotechnology and material research has made one-dimensional systems a crucial part of today's physics. After an ...
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This book presents correlated systems in one dimension. Recent progress in nanotechnology and material research has made one-dimensional systems a crucial part of today's physics. After an introduction to the basic concepts of correlated systems, the book gives a step-by-step description of the techniques needed to treat one-dimension systems, and discusses the resulting physics. Then, specific experimental realizations of one-dimensional systems such as spin chains, quantum wires, nanotubes, and organic superconductors are examined.Less
This book presents correlated systems in one dimension. Recent progress in nanotechnology and material research has made one-dimensional systems a crucial part of today's physics. After an introduction to the basic concepts of correlated systems, the book gives a step-by-step description of the techniques needed to treat one-dimension systems, and discusses the resulting physics. Then, specific experimental realizations of one-dimensional systems such as spin chains, quantum wires, nanotubes, and organic superconductors are examined.
Lawrence Challis (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198507321
- eISBN:
- 9780191709319
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198507321.001.0001
- Subject:
- Physics, Atomic, Laser, and Optical Physics
The study of electrons and holes confined to two, one, and even zero dimensions has uncovered a rich variety of new physics and applications. This book describes the interaction between these ...
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The study of electrons and holes confined to two, one, and even zero dimensions has uncovered a rich variety of new physics and applications. This book describes the interaction between these confined carriers and the optic and acoustic phonons within and around the confined regions. Phonons provide the principal channel of energy transfer between the carriers and their surroundings and also the main restriction to their room temperature mobility. However, they also have many other roles; they contribute, for example, an essential feature to the operation of the quantum cascade laser. Since their momenta at relevant energies are well matched to those of electrons, they can also be used to probe electronic properties such as the confinement width of two-dimensional (2-D) electron gases and the dispersion curve of quasiparticles in the fractional quantum Hall effect. The book describes both the physics of the electron-phonon interaction in the different confined systems and the experimental and theoretical techniques that have been used in its investigation. The experimental methods include optical and transport techniques as well as techniques in which phonons are used as the experimental probe. This book provides an up-to-date review of the physics and its significance in device performance.Less
The study of electrons and holes confined to two, one, and even zero dimensions has uncovered a rich variety of new physics and applications. This book describes the interaction between these confined carriers and the optic and acoustic phonons within and around the confined regions. Phonons provide the principal channel of energy transfer between the carriers and their surroundings and also the main restriction to their room temperature mobility. However, they also have many other roles; they contribute, for example, an essential feature to the operation of the quantum cascade laser. Since their momenta at relevant energies are well matched to those of electrons, they can also be used to probe electronic properties such as the confinement width of two-dimensional (2-D) electron gases and the dispersion curve of quasiparticles in the fractional quantum Hall effect. The book describes both the physics of the electron-phonon interaction in the different confined systems and the experimental and theoretical techniques that have been used in its investigation. The experimental methods include optical and transport techniques as well as techniques in which phonons are used as the experimental probe. This book provides an up-to-date review of the physics and its significance in device performance.
L.J. Challis
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198507321
- eISBN:
- 9780191709319
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198507321.003.0001
- Subject:
- Physics, Atomic, Laser, and Optical Physics
While the physics of low-dimensional structures mainly involves their electronic properties, an understanding of the interaction between the electrons and holes and the phonons present within and ...
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While the physics of low-dimensional structures mainly involves their electronic properties, an understanding of the interaction between the electrons and holes and the phonons present within and around the confined layers is frequently needed if this physics is to be understood in detail. This introductory chapter gives examples of this and outlines the experimental methods that have been used to study the electron-phonon interactions. These include both optical and transport techniques and also techniques that involve the use of phonons as probes: phonon techniques. Phonons interact much more strongly with electrons than photons of the same frequency since their momenta are usually much closer to those of the confined electrons, and phonon techniques have been used to obtain information ranging from the confinement widths to the dispersion curve of quasiparticles in the fractional quantum Hall state.Less
While the physics of low-dimensional structures mainly involves their electronic properties, an understanding of the interaction between the electrons and holes and the phonons present within and around the confined layers is frequently needed if this physics is to be understood in detail. This introductory chapter gives examples of this and outlines the experimental methods that have been used to study the electron-phonon interactions. These include both optical and transport techniques and also techniques that involve the use of phonons as probes: phonon techniques. Phonons interact much more strongly with electrons than photons of the same frequency since their momenta are usually much closer to those of the confined electrons, and phonon techniques have been used to obtain information ranging from the confinement widths to the dispersion curve of quasiparticles in the fractional quantum Hall state.
Anjan Chatterjee
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199811809
- eISBN:
- 9780199369546
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199811809.003.0018
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Behavioral Neuroscience, Sensory and Motor Systems
If art is everywhere and it has always been with us and we so enjoy it, something about it must be vital to our being the way that food and sex are vital to our being. Claiming art’s vitality is but ...
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If art is everywhere and it has always been with us and we so enjoy it, something about it must be vital to our being the way that food and sex are vital to our being. Claiming art’s vitality is but a short step from saying it serves an important adaptive purpose. Surely we must have an instinct for art that is hard-wired in the brain. But the view of art as a biological imperative clashes with the view of art as a cultural artifact.Less
If art is everywhere and it has always been with us and we so enjoy it, something about it must be vital to our being the way that food and sex are vital to our being. Claiming art’s vitality is but a short step from saying it serves an important adaptive purpose. Surely we must have an instinct for art that is hard-wired in the brain. But the view of art as a biological imperative clashes with the view of art as a cultural artifact.
Anjan Chatterjee
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199811809
- eISBN:
- 9780199369546
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199811809.003.0002
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Behavioral Neuroscience, Sensory and Motor Systems
How do we decide if media manipulations or other cultural contrivances brainwash us into accepting sometimes impossible standards of beauty? Can responses to beauty be disentangled from the way the ...
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How do we decide if media manipulations or other cultural contrivances brainwash us into accepting sometimes impossible standards of beauty? Can responses to beauty be disentangled from the way the media and our culture more generally mold our tastes? Or are these responses hard-wired and universal? Two research strategies help address these questions. The first is to see if people, especially when they are from different cultures, share opinions about beauty. The second is to see if babies, before their awareness has been shaped by culture, respond to beauty and faces in the same way as adults.Less
How do we decide if media manipulations or other cultural contrivances brainwash us into accepting sometimes impossible standards of beauty? Can responses to beauty be disentangled from the way the media and our culture more generally mold our tastes? Or are these responses hard-wired and universal? Two research strategies help address these questions. The first is to see if people, especially when they are from different cultures, share opinions about beauty. The second is to see if babies, before their awareness has been shaped by culture, respond to beauty and faces in the same way as adults.
Jack W. Ekin
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198570547
- eISBN:
- 9780191717710
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198570547.003.0004
- Subject:
- Physics, Condensed Matter Physics / Materials
Cryostat wiring requires someone who is skilled and meticulous with his or her hands. It is fine detail work that, in many cases, is done by the experimentalist and not subcontracted outside the ...
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Cryostat wiring requires someone who is skilled and meticulous with his or her hands. It is fine detail work that, in many cases, is done by the experimentalist and not subcontracted outside the laboratory. This chapter focuses on some of the techniques and pitfalls in wiring. It first describes the main guidelines for wiring a cryostat in Section 4.1. Recommendations are made for selecting the right wire material and gauge size in Section 4.2, and wire insulation in Section 4.3. The later sections of the chapter present details about heat-sinking and soldering techniques, as well as information on specialty topics, including thermoelectric voltages, vacuum electrical lead-throughs, radio-frequency coaxial cable selection, high-current leads, and flexible current leads.Less
Cryostat wiring requires someone who is skilled and meticulous with his or her hands. It is fine detail work that, in many cases, is done by the experimentalist and not subcontracted outside the laboratory. This chapter focuses on some of the techniques and pitfalls in wiring. It first describes the main guidelines for wiring a cryostat in Section 4.1. Recommendations are made for selecting the right wire material and gauge size in Section 4.2, and wire insulation in Section 4.3. The later sections of the chapter present details about heat-sinking and soldering techniques, as well as information on specialty topics, including thermoelectric voltages, vacuum electrical lead-throughs, radio-frequency coaxial cable selection, high-current leads, and flexible current leads.
Sergei Zuyev
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199232574
- eISBN:
- 9780191716393
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199232574.003.0016
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Geometry / Topology
Just as queueing theory revolutionized the study of circuit switched telephony in the twentieth century, stochastic geometry is gradually becoming a necessary theoretical tool for modelling and ...
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Just as queueing theory revolutionized the study of circuit switched telephony in the twentieth century, stochastic geometry is gradually becoming a necessary theoretical tool for modelling and analysis of modern telecommunications systems, in which spatial arrangement is typically a crucial consideration in their performance evaluation, optimization or future development. In this survey we aim to summarize the main stochastic geometry models and tools currently used in studying modern telecommunications. We outline specifics of wired, wireless fixed and ad hoc systems and show how stochastic geometry modelling helps in their analysis and optimization. Point and line processes, Palm theory, shot‐noise processes, random tessellations, Boolean models, percolation, random graphs and networks, spatial statistics and optimization: this is a far from exhaustive list of techniques used in studying contemporary telecommunications systems and which we shall briefly discuss.Less
Just as queueing theory revolutionized the study of circuit switched telephony in the twentieth century, stochastic geometry is gradually becoming a necessary theoretical tool for modelling and analysis of modern telecommunications systems, in which spatial arrangement is typically a crucial consideration in their performance evaluation, optimization or future development. In this survey we aim to summarize the main stochastic geometry models and tools currently used in studying modern telecommunications. We outline specifics of wired, wireless fixed and ad hoc systems and show how stochastic geometry modelling helps in their analysis and optimization. Point and line processes, Palm theory, shot‐noise processes, random tessellations, Boolean models, percolation, random graphs and networks, spatial statistics and optimization: this is a far from exhaustive list of techniques used in studying contemporary telecommunications systems and which we shall briefly discuss.
Alan Rosen
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195395129
- eISBN:
- 9780199866588
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195395129.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
Recent Holocaust survivor videotestimony brought these witnesses into the limelight. Yet the success of these projects made it seem that was little previous survivor testimony. In truth, thousands of ...
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Recent Holocaust survivor videotestimony brought these witnesses into the limelight. Yet the success of these projects made it seem that was little previous survivor testimony. In truth, thousands of survivors testified at the earliest opportunity. This book provides a case study of early postwar Holocaust testimony, focusing on David Boder's 1946 displaced persons interviews. In July, 1946, psychologist Boder traveled to Europe to interview victims of the Holocaust who were in the DP camps and what he called “shelter houses.” During his nine weeks in Europe, Boder carried out approximately 130 interviews in nine languages and recorded them on a state-of-the-art wire recorder. Likely the earliest audio recorded Holocaust survivor testimony, the interviews are today the earliest extant, valuable for the spoken word and for the songs that Boder recorded throughout the expedition. Eighty were transcribed into English, most of which were included in a self-published 3,100 page manuscript. This book sets Boder's project in the context of the postwar response to displaced persons, sketches the background of his life and work, chronicles in detail the evolving process of interviewing both Jewish and non-Jewish DPs, and examines the implications for the history of Holocaust testimony. Such postwar testimony, this book avers, deserves to be taken on its own terms—as unbelated testimony—rather than to be enfolded into earlier or later schemas of testimony. Moreover, Boder's efforts and the support he received demonstrate that the American postwar response to the Holocaust was not indifferent but rather engaged and resourceful.Less
Recent Holocaust survivor videotestimony brought these witnesses into the limelight. Yet the success of these projects made it seem that was little previous survivor testimony. In truth, thousands of survivors testified at the earliest opportunity. This book provides a case study of early postwar Holocaust testimony, focusing on David Boder's 1946 displaced persons interviews. In July, 1946, psychologist Boder traveled to Europe to interview victims of the Holocaust who were in the DP camps and what he called “shelter houses.” During his nine weeks in Europe, Boder carried out approximately 130 interviews in nine languages and recorded them on a state-of-the-art wire recorder. Likely the earliest audio recorded Holocaust survivor testimony, the interviews are today the earliest extant, valuable for the spoken word and for the songs that Boder recorded throughout the expedition. Eighty were transcribed into English, most of which were included in a self-published 3,100 page manuscript. This book sets Boder's project in the context of the postwar response to displaced persons, sketches the background of his life and work, chronicles in detail the evolving process of interviewing both Jewish and non-Jewish DPs, and examines the implications for the history of Holocaust testimony. Such postwar testimony, this book avers, deserves to be taken on its own terms—as unbelated testimony—rather than to be enfolded into earlier or later schemas of testimony. Moreover, Boder's efforts and the support he received demonstrate that the American postwar response to the Holocaust was not indifferent but rather engaged and resourceful.
Ariel Glucklich
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195108798
- eISBN:
- 9780199853434
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195108798.003.0009
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Magical experience results from the way the participants—not just primitive hunters—are “linked” to their world. If no direct wiring (physiological link) can be found, then magic must be purely ...
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Magical experience results from the way the participants—not just primitive hunters—are “linked” to their world. If no direct wiring (physiological link) can be found, then magic must be purely mental: a language or belief. But if the participants are “hooked up” through a natural equivalent to the fiber-optic wiring of a virtual reality machine, then magic is far more than a cultural artifact—perhaps a bridge between physiology and psychology. Metaphorically speaking, humans are still “wired” to their physical environment in a variety of ways. One may speak of “hard wiring”—the physical dependence on an environment—and “soft wiring”—the perceptual orientation. One side of the debate goes by the name “computationalism,” or the top-down theory of perception. The second position, called ecological or bottom-up theory, lends itself to the more adventuresome position espoused here: that the biological function of the senses determines the nature of magic to a large extent. Magical experience—the perception of interrelatedness evoked by magical rites—seems to transcend the distinction between culture and nature, mind and body.Less
Magical experience results from the way the participants—not just primitive hunters—are “linked” to their world. If no direct wiring (physiological link) can be found, then magic must be purely mental: a language or belief. But if the participants are “hooked up” through a natural equivalent to the fiber-optic wiring of a virtual reality machine, then magic is far more than a cultural artifact—perhaps a bridge between physiology and psychology. Metaphorically speaking, humans are still “wired” to their physical environment in a variety of ways. One may speak of “hard wiring”—the physical dependence on an environment—and “soft wiring”—the perceptual orientation. One side of the debate goes by the name “computationalism,” or the top-down theory of perception. The second position, called ecological or bottom-up theory, lends itself to the more adventuresome position espoused here: that the biological function of the senses determines the nature of magic to a large extent. Magical experience—the perception of interrelatedness evoked by magical rites—seems to transcend the distinction between culture and nature, mind and body.
Martin Randall
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748638529
- eISBN:
- 9780748651825
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748638529.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century and Contemporary Literature
This book explores the fiction, poetry, theatre and cinema that have represented the 9/11 attacks. Works by Martin Amis, Ian McEwan, Don DeLillo, Simon Armitage and Mohsin Hamid are discussed in ...
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This book explores the fiction, poetry, theatre and cinema that have represented the 9/11 attacks. Works by Martin Amis, Ian McEwan, Don DeLillo, Simon Armitage and Mohsin Hamid are discussed in relation to the specific problems of writing about such a visually spectacular ‘event’ that has had enormous global implications. Other chapters analyse initial responses to 9/11, the intriguing tensions between fiction and non-fiction, the challenge of describing traumatic history and the ways in which the terrorist attacks have been discussed culturally in the decade since September 11. The book: contributes to the growing literature on 9/11, presenting an overview of some of the main texts that have represented the attacks and their aftermath; focuses on Don DeLillo, adding to the literature surrounding this major American novelist; focuses on Martin Amis, adding to the growing critical work on this much-discussed British novelist and essayist; and provides a critical analysis of the Oscar-winning film Man on Wire, regarding its oblique references to 9/11.Less
This book explores the fiction, poetry, theatre and cinema that have represented the 9/11 attacks. Works by Martin Amis, Ian McEwan, Don DeLillo, Simon Armitage and Mohsin Hamid are discussed in relation to the specific problems of writing about such a visually spectacular ‘event’ that has had enormous global implications. Other chapters analyse initial responses to 9/11, the intriguing tensions between fiction and non-fiction, the challenge of describing traumatic history and the ways in which the terrorist attacks have been discussed culturally in the decade since September 11. The book: contributes to the growing literature on 9/11, presenting an overview of some of the main texts that have represented the attacks and their aftermath; focuses on Don DeLillo, adding to the literature surrounding this major American novelist; focuses on Martin Amis, adding to the growing critical work on this much-discussed British novelist and essayist; and provides a critical analysis of the Oscar-winning film Man on Wire, regarding its oblique references to 9/11.
Vladimir M. Agranovich
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199234417
- eISBN:
- 9780191715426
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199234417.003.0013
- Subject:
- Physics, Atomic, Laser, and Optical Physics
This chapter discusses the excitons in organic-based nanostructures. In particular, two-dimensional Frenkel-Wannier-Mott (FWM) excitons in hybrid organic-inorganic nanostructures (quantum wells, ...
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This chapter discusses the excitons in organic-based nanostructures. In particular, two-dimensional Frenkel-Wannier-Mott (FWM) excitons in hybrid organic-inorganic nanostructures (quantum wells, quantum wires, quantum dots) are considered. Linear and nonlinear optical response of hybrid FWM excitons is calculated. Based on the fast energy transfer, new concept for light-emitting devices is proposed. Exciton energy transfer from organics to semiconductor nanocrystals and its possible application to carrier multiplication in quantum dots is mentioned. Finally, FWM excitons and polaritons in a hybrid microcavity containing crystalline organic layer and a resonant inorganic QW, are considered. First experiments demonstrating properties of hybrid structures are mentioned.Less
This chapter discusses the excitons in organic-based nanostructures. In particular, two-dimensional Frenkel-Wannier-Mott (FWM) excitons in hybrid organic-inorganic nanostructures (quantum wells, quantum wires, quantum dots) are considered. Linear and nonlinear optical response of hybrid FWM excitons is calculated. Based on the fast energy transfer, new concept for light-emitting devices is proposed. Exciton energy transfer from organics to semiconductor nanocrystals and its possible application to carrier multiplication in quantum dots is mentioned. Finally, FWM excitons and polaritons in a hybrid microcavity containing crystalline organic layer and a resonant inorganic QW, are considered. First experiments demonstrating properties of hybrid structures are mentioned.
Buzsáki György
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195301069
- eISBN:
- 9780199863716
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195301069.003.0002
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Neuroendocrine and Autonomic, Techniques
The neocortex is built from five principal-cell types and numerous classes of interneurons. Early formulation of cortical structure emphasized the modularity of the neocortex. Its robust local ...
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The neocortex is built from five principal-cell types and numerous classes of interneurons. Early formulation of cortical structure emphasized the modularity of the neocortex. Its robust local tensegrity organization has allowed for continuous growth. Medium- and long-range connections that compose the white matter and interconnect nonadjacent cortical neuronal circuits are relatively sparse but sufficient to keep the synaptic path lengths constant in brains of different sizes. Such interconnectedness is a prerequisite for global operations in finite temporal windows. The small-world-like, scale-free organization of cortical architecture may provide some quantitative rules for the growth of both cell numbers and associated axonal connections while minimizing the cost of connectivity, though available anatomical data indicate that cortical areas processing similar kinds of information are more strongly connected than required. Limiting excitatory spread and segregation of computation are solved by balanced interactions between the excitatory principal cells and inhibitory interneurons.Less
The neocortex is built from five principal-cell types and numerous classes of interneurons. Early formulation of cortical structure emphasized the modularity of the neocortex. Its robust local tensegrity organization has allowed for continuous growth. Medium- and long-range connections that compose the white matter and interconnect nonadjacent cortical neuronal circuits are relatively sparse but sufficient to keep the synaptic path lengths constant in brains of different sizes. Such interconnectedness is a prerequisite for global operations in finite temporal windows. The small-world-like, scale-free organization of cortical architecture may provide some quantitative rules for the growth of both cell numbers and associated axonal connections while minimizing the cost of connectivity, though available anatomical data indicate that cortical areas processing similar kinds of information are more strongly connected than required. Limiting excitatory spread and segregation of computation are solved by balanced interactions between the excitatory principal cells and inhibitory interneurons.
Alan Rosen
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195395129
- eISBN:
- 9780199866588
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195395129.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter reviews the intricate history of Boder's wire recordings—a history the basic facts of which are still being pieced together. The significance of the recordings is great in its own ...
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This chapter reviews the intricate history of Boder's wire recordings—a history the basic facts of which are still being pieced together. The significance of the recordings is great in its own right—Boder's are the earliest audio recordings of Holocaust survivor testimony. The chapter details the history of recording in the social sciences as a way to appreciate Boder's coming to his idea. Yet the afterlife of the recordings, especially their eventual deposit at the Library of Congress and the obscurity surrounding them, tells a story of compartmentalization and confusion. Boder's aural recordings also invite a consideration of the larger context of Holocaust testimony and the manner in which, with the onset of video, audio recording of testimony has been all but phased out. This phasing out has had its effects, moreover, on the use of audio testimony archives. Even the critical terms used to discuss Holocaust testimony celebrate video at the expense of audio. These trends in responding to Holocaust testimony dovetail with the undervalued place of what has come to be called “sound culture”.Less
This chapter reviews the intricate history of Boder's wire recordings—a history the basic facts of which are still being pieced together. The significance of the recordings is great in its own right—Boder's are the earliest audio recordings of Holocaust survivor testimony. The chapter details the history of recording in the social sciences as a way to appreciate Boder's coming to his idea. Yet the afterlife of the recordings, especially their eventual deposit at the Library of Congress and the obscurity surrounding them, tells a story of compartmentalization and confusion. Boder's aural recordings also invite a consideration of the larger context of Holocaust testimony and the manner in which, with the onset of video, audio recording of testimony has been all but phased out. This phasing out has had its effects, moreover, on the use of audio testimony archives. Even the critical terms used to discuss Holocaust testimony celebrate video at the expense of audio. These trends in responding to Holocaust testimony dovetail with the undervalued place of what has come to be called “sound culture”.
Gillian Barker
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780231171885
- eISBN:
- 9780231540391
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231171885.003.0003
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Science
Evolutionary psychologists' thinking about stability and change in human cognition and behavior has been shaped by two bad metaphors: the "blank slate" and "hard-wired" human nature. These metaphors ...
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Evolutionary psychologists' thinking about stability and change in human cognition and behavior has been shaped by two bad metaphors: the "blank slate" and "hard-wired" human nature. These metaphors can be corrected by examining the underlying conceptions of internal and external causes of change, and of how these interact to enable organisms to be robust to some environmental changes by actively responding to others.Less
Evolutionary psychologists' thinking about stability and change in human cognition and behavior has been shaped by two bad metaphors: the "blank slate" and "hard-wired" human nature. These metaphors can be corrected by examining the underlying conceptions of internal and external causes of change, and of how these interact to enable organisms to be robust to some environmental changes by actively responding to others.
Thierry Giamarchi
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198525004
- eISBN:
- 9780191711909
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198525004.003.0009
- Subject:
- Physics, Condensed Matter Physics / Materials
This chapter discusses the effects of disorder in fermionic systems, including Anderson localization. There are important differences for the disorder effects between the one-dimensional world, where ...
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This chapter discusses the effects of disorder in fermionic systems, including Anderson localization. There are important differences for the disorder effects between the one-dimensional world, where localization occurs because electrons bump back and forth between impurities, and the higher dimensional world, where Anderson's localization is a rather subtle interference mechanism. The discussion looks at one-dimensional electrons subject to weak and dense impurities, in which the disorder can be replaced by its Gaussian limit. The application of disordered systems to quantum wires, one of the ultimate weapons to study individual one-dimensional systems, is considered.Less
This chapter discusses the effects of disorder in fermionic systems, including Anderson localization. There are important differences for the disorder effects between the one-dimensional world, where localization occurs because electrons bump back and forth between impurities, and the higher dimensional world, where Anderson's localization is a rather subtle interference mechanism. The discussion looks at one-dimensional electrons subject to weak and dense impurities, in which the disorder can be replaced by its Gaussian limit. The application of disordered systems to quantum wires, one of the ultimate weapons to study individual one-dimensional systems, is considered.
George E. Homsy and Norman H. Margolus
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- November 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780195137170
- eISBN:
- 9780197561652
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780195137170.003.0012
- Subject:
- Computer Science, Systems Analysis and Design
We are concerned with understanding the implicit computation occurring in a physical model of crystal growth, the Reversible Aggregation (RA) model. The RA model is a ...
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We are concerned with understanding the implicit computation occurring in a physical model of crystal growth, the Reversible Aggregation (RA) model. The RA model is a lattice gas model of reversible cluster growth in a closed two-dimensional system, which captures basic properties of physics such as determinism, locality, energy conservation, and exact microscopic reversibility. There are three species of particles in the RA model: gas, heat, and crystal. A diffusing gas particle may aggregate when contacting the boundary of a crystal cluster. Latent heat is released during each aggregation event and is explicitly modeled by introducing a heat particle into a diffusing heat bath. Conversely a cluster member at the boundary of the crystal may absorb a heat particle and evaporate, becoming a diffusing gas particle. Allowing ourselves complete control over all the initial conditions of the model, we show that the RA model can simulate any logic circuit, and, hence, perform any computation. The mobile gas and heat particles are used as logic signals. The paths these particles take are the wires. Sequences of conditional crystallization events form the basis of the logic gates. We show how to embed a universal single use gate into the dynamics of the model, then show how to construct a reusable universal gate, showing the system is capable of space-efficient computation. We show how to build arbitrary logic circuits by interconnecting gates. This requires steering and routing the signals, delaying them, and letting them cross. Finally, we briefly discuss the relationship of computation in the RA model to computation in real physical systems. We examine the computational capabilities of a physical model of crystal growth, the Reversible Aggregation (RA) model [3], which captures basic properties of physics such as determinism, locality, energy conservation, and exact microscopic reversibility. The RA model is a lattice gas model of reversible cluster growth in a closed two-dimensional system. It was introduced as a microscopically reversible physical model for studying the thermodynamics of crystal growth and pattern formation. By microscopically reversible we mean that from any state in the system we can recover the previous state exactly.
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We are concerned with understanding the implicit computation occurring in a physical model of crystal growth, the Reversible Aggregation (RA) model. The RA model is a lattice gas model of reversible cluster growth in a closed two-dimensional system, which captures basic properties of physics such as determinism, locality, energy conservation, and exact microscopic reversibility. There are three species of particles in the RA model: gas, heat, and crystal. A diffusing gas particle may aggregate when contacting the boundary of a crystal cluster. Latent heat is released during each aggregation event and is explicitly modeled by introducing a heat particle into a diffusing heat bath. Conversely a cluster member at the boundary of the crystal may absorb a heat particle and evaporate, becoming a diffusing gas particle. Allowing ourselves complete control over all the initial conditions of the model, we show that the RA model can simulate any logic circuit, and, hence, perform any computation. The mobile gas and heat particles are used as logic signals. The paths these particles take are the wires. Sequences of conditional crystallization events form the basis of the logic gates. We show how to embed a universal single use gate into the dynamics of the model, then show how to construct a reusable universal gate, showing the system is capable of space-efficient computation. We show how to build arbitrary logic circuits by interconnecting gates. This requires steering and routing the signals, delaying them, and letting them cross. Finally, we briefly discuss the relationship of computation in the RA model to computation in real physical systems. We examine the computational capabilities of a physical model of crystal growth, the Reversible Aggregation (RA) model [3], which captures basic properties of physics such as determinism, locality, energy conservation, and exact microscopic reversibility. The RA model is a lattice gas model of reversible cluster growth in a closed two-dimensional system. It was introduced as a microscopically reversible physical model for studying the thermodynamics of crystal growth and pattern formation. By microscopically reversible we mean that from any state in the system we can recover the previous state exactly.
Thomas A. Robinson and Lanette D. Ruff
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199790876
- eISBN:
- 9780199919192
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199790876.003.0013
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
The golden age of girl evangelists came at the same time when newspapers were king, news wire services fiercely competitive, and new magazines were being established. Largely because of the interest ...
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The golden age of girl evangelists came at the same time when newspapers were king, news wire services fiercely competitive, and new magazines were being established. Largely because of the interest of the press, the girl evangelist phenomenon became widely known, even in the popular culture. Generally the girl received good press, though often only because the press was lazy and simply cribbed from the promotional material of the girl evangelist. The religious press was often more critical, but often as unbalanced, largely because of the internal war within Protestantism. Radio was the newest medium, and girls used that readily. The girl evangelist phenomenon quickly moved from the popular press into literature, especially in film and fiction, where the girls were usually made a bit older and a sexual dimension become more pronounced.Less
The golden age of girl evangelists came at the same time when newspapers were king, news wire services fiercely competitive, and new magazines were being established. Largely because of the interest of the press, the girl evangelist phenomenon became widely known, even in the popular culture. Generally the girl received good press, though often only because the press was lazy and simply cribbed from the promotional material of the girl evangelist. The religious press was often more critical, but often as unbalanced, largely because of the internal war within Protestantism. Radio was the newest medium, and girls used that readily. The girl evangelist phenomenon quickly moved from the popular press into literature, especially in film and fiction, where the girls were usually made a bit older and a sexual dimension become more pronounced.
William J. Cuddihy
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195367195
- eISBN:
- 9780199867448
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195367195.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Legal History
This book tells the full story of the Fourth Amendment's complex history leading up to its ratification, including its intellectual roots in England. The Fourth Amendment's protection against ...
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This book tells the full story of the Fourth Amendment's complex history leading up to its ratification, including its intellectual roots in England. The Fourth Amendment's protection against unreasonable search and seizure provides the bulwark for police regulation and many other government functions in the United States. One of the most controversial rights in the Bill of Rights, this amendment is also among the most frequently adjudicated provisions of constitutional law. Yet its meaning has remained deeply contested, and the story of its origins is largely unknown. This book has particular relevance today given the long list of controversial new surveillance measures undertaken by the government in recent years. It provides historical context to recent events such as the passage of the USA–Patriot Act, the NSA surveillance program, new surveillance techniques, and the emergence of data mining. There is—and will be for the foreseeable future—extensive attention given to the Fourth Amendment as it is applied to new technologies. The preface has been written by privacy expert Daniel Solove.Less
This book tells the full story of the Fourth Amendment's complex history leading up to its ratification, including its intellectual roots in England. The Fourth Amendment's protection against unreasonable search and seizure provides the bulwark for police regulation and many other government functions in the United States. One of the most controversial rights in the Bill of Rights, this amendment is also among the most frequently adjudicated provisions of constitutional law. Yet its meaning has remained deeply contested, and the story of its origins is largely unknown. This book has particular relevance today given the long list of controversial new surveillance measures undertaken by the government in recent years. It provides historical context to recent events such as the passage of the USA–Patriot Act, the NSA surveillance program, new surveillance techniques, and the emergence of data mining. There is—and will be for the foreseeable future—extensive attention given to the Fourth Amendment as it is applied to new technologies. The preface has been written by privacy expert Daniel Solove.
Solly Angel
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195158687
- eISBN:
- 9780199849826
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195158687.003.0021
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Innovation
Simply waiting on Tanita to get the thin scale ready for production was not an acceptable proposition. Yet, Solly Angel was not willing to give up on the scale quest, to pass the baton, so to speak, ...
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Simply waiting on Tanita to get the thin scale ready for production was not an acceptable proposition. Yet, Solly Angel was not willing to give up on the scale quest, to pass the baton, so to speak, to the next runner in the relay race to market. A new load cell, now nicknamed the owl face, was introduced. Its patent was now pending, and it was time to take it off the back burner and do something with it. Shortly after he returned from Tokyo in January 1995, he started to pay serious attention to this load cell. His new goal was to bring it to the attention of commercial and industrial scale manufacturers with the prospect of a new licensing arrangement. Moreover, the new load cell I was very sensitive, with exposed strain gages and wiring and little protection from environmental hazards of any kind.Less
Simply waiting on Tanita to get the thin scale ready for production was not an acceptable proposition. Yet, Solly Angel was not willing to give up on the scale quest, to pass the baton, so to speak, to the next runner in the relay race to market. A new load cell, now nicknamed the owl face, was introduced. Its patent was now pending, and it was time to take it off the back burner and do something with it. Shortly after he returned from Tokyo in January 1995, he started to pay serious attention to this load cell. His new goal was to bring it to the attention of commercial and industrial scale manufacturers with the prospect of a new licensing arrangement. Moreover, the new load cell I was very sensitive, with exposed strain gages and wiring and little protection from environmental hazards of any kind.
Judy Malloy (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780262034654
- eISBN:
- 9780262336871
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262034654.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Technology and Society
Focusing on early social media in the arts and humanities and on the core role of creative computer scientists, artists, and scholars in shaping the pre-Web social media landscape, Social Media ...
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Focusing on early social media in the arts and humanities and on the core role of creative computer scientists, artists, and scholars in shaping the pre-Web social media landscape, Social Media Archeology and Poetics documents social media lineage, beginning in the 1970s with collaborative ARPANET research, Community Memory, PLATO, Minitel, and ARTEX and continuing into the 1980s and beyond with the Electronic Café, Art Com Electronic Network, Arts Wire, The THING, and many more. With first person accounts from pioneers in the field, as well as papers by artists, scholars, and curators, Social Media Archeology and Poetics documents how these platforms were vital components of early social networking and important in the development of new media and electronic literature. It describes platforms that allowed artists and musicians to share and publish their work, community networking diversity, and the creation of footholds for the arts and humanities online. It invites comparisons of social media in the past and present, asking: What can we learn from early social media that will inspire us to envision a greater cultural presence on contemporary social media? Contributors: Madeline Gonzalez Allen, James Blustein, Hank Bull, AnnickBureaud, J. R. Carpenter, Paul E. Ceruzzi, Anna Couey, Amanda McDonald Crowley, Steve Dietz, Judith Donath, Steven Durland, Lee Felsenstein, Susanne Gerber, Ann-Barbara Graff, Dene Grigar, Stacy Horn, Antoinette LaFarge, Deena Larsen, Gary O. Larson, Alan Liu, Geert Lovink, Richard Lowenberg, Judy Malloy, Scott McPhee, Julianne Nyhan, Howard Rheingold, Randy Ross, Wolfgang Staehle, Fred Truck, Rob Wittig, David R. WoolleyLess
Focusing on early social media in the arts and humanities and on the core role of creative computer scientists, artists, and scholars in shaping the pre-Web social media landscape, Social Media Archeology and Poetics documents social media lineage, beginning in the 1970s with collaborative ARPANET research, Community Memory, PLATO, Minitel, and ARTEX and continuing into the 1980s and beyond with the Electronic Café, Art Com Electronic Network, Arts Wire, The THING, and many more. With first person accounts from pioneers in the field, as well as papers by artists, scholars, and curators, Social Media Archeology and Poetics documents how these platforms were vital components of early social networking and important in the development of new media and electronic literature. It describes platforms that allowed artists and musicians to share and publish their work, community networking diversity, and the creation of footholds for the arts and humanities online. It invites comparisons of social media in the past and present, asking: What can we learn from early social media that will inspire us to envision a greater cultural presence on contemporary social media? Contributors: Madeline Gonzalez Allen, James Blustein, Hank Bull, AnnickBureaud, J. R. Carpenter, Paul E. Ceruzzi, Anna Couey, Amanda McDonald Crowley, Steve Dietz, Judith Donath, Steven Durland, Lee Felsenstein, Susanne Gerber, Ann-Barbara Graff, Dene Grigar, Stacy Horn, Antoinette LaFarge, Deena Larsen, Gary O. Larson, Alan Liu, Geert Lovink, Richard Lowenberg, Judy Malloy, Scott McPhee, Julianne Nyhan, Howard Rheingold, Randy Ross, Wolfgang Staehle, Fred Truck, Rob Wittig, David R. Woolley
