Lawrence D. Bobo, Camille Z. Charles, Maria Krysan, and Alicia D. Simmons
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691133317
- eISBN:
- 9781400845569
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691133317.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Research and Statistics
This chapter depicts “the real record on racial attitudes” using a wide lens. Recounting results of mid-20th-century surveys as well as trends in the General Social Survey, it shows that formal ...
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This chapter depicts “the real record on racial attitudes” using a wide lens. Recounting results of mid-20th-century surveys as well as trends in the General Social Survey, it shows that formal principles of equal treatment (e.g., in schools and employment) came to be widely endorsed. However, it cautions against concluding that U.S. society became “postracial.” For example, in the 2000s white Americans remain more apt to attribute negative traits to blacks than to whites, reluctant to support interventions to redress persistent black–white inequality, and highly resistant to “special favors” for blacks. The chapter documents rising egalitarianism and dramatic change in some basic assumptions governing black–white relationships, together with little or no growth in reformist and interventionist orientations about racial matters. It highlights numerous “enduring frictions and conflicts that continue to make race such a fraught terrain.”Less
This chapter depicts “the real record on racial attitudes” using a wide lens. Recounting results of mid-20th-century surveys as well as trends in the General Social Survey, it shows that formal principles of equal treatment (e.g., in schools and employment) came to be widely endorsed. However, it cautions against concluding that U.S. society became “postracial.” For example, in the 2000s white Americans remain more apt to attribute negative traits to blacks than to whites, reluctant to support interventions to redress persistent black–white inequality, and highly resistant to “special favors” for blacks. The chapter documents rising egalitarianism and dramatic change in some basic assumptions governing black–white relationships, together with little or no growth in reformist and interventionist orientations about racial matters. It highlights numerous “enduring frictions and conflicts that continue to make race such a fraught terrain.”
Marisa Abrajano and Zoltan L. Hajnal
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691164434
- eISBN:
- 9781400866489
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691164434.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter examines whether demographics influences white attitudes toward immigration. It asks whether living near heavy concentrations of immigrants and Latinos is threatening enough to produce a ...
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This chapter examines whether demographics influences white attitudes toward immigration. It asks whether living near heavy concentrations of immigrants and Latinos is threatening enough to produce a reaction by white Americans; that is, whether context is driving at least part of white America's response to immigration. It shows that white attitudes are strongly and consistently correlated with the size and growth of the state Latino population on a range of immigrant-related policies and white partisanship. Whites who live in states with more Latinos are more punitive, less supportive of social welfare and other public services, and generally more conservative than whites in other states. Whites in those same states are also significantly more likely to support the Republican Party.Less
This chapter examines whether demographics influences white attitudes toward immigration. It asks whether living near heavy concentrations of immigrants and Latinos is threatening enough to produce a reaction by white Americans; that is, whether context is driving at least part of white America's response to immigration. It shows that white attitudes are strongly and consistently correlated with the size and growth of the state Latino population on a range of immigrant-related policies and white partisanship. Whites who live in states with more Latinos are more punitive, less supportive of social welfare and other public services, and generally more conservative than whites in other states. Whites in those same states are also significantly more likely to support the Republican Party.
Daniel B. Lee
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- April 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195149180
- eISBN:
- 9780199835386
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195149181.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
During the late nineteenth century, White Americans developed an enduring image of themselves as a superior race with a manifest destiny. They did this by drawing distinctions and observing ...
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During the late nineteenth century, White Americans developed an enduring image of themselves as a superior race with a manifest destiny. They did this by drawing distinctions and observing differences between themselves and other groups of people. With their political and economic power, White Americans had the means to effectively communicate about themselves as a race. In print, delivered to the home, read by the whole family, the racial and religious discourse disseminated by family house magazines and other popular publications helped to produce and replicate the self-referential communication of White Americans.Less
During the late nineteenth century, White Americans developed an enduring image of themselves as a superior race with a manifest destiny. They did this by drawing distinctions and observing differences between themselves and other groups of people. With their political and economic power, White Americans had the means to effectively communicate about themselves as a race. In print, delivered to the home, read by the whole family, the racial and religious discourse disseminated by family house magazines and other popular publications helped to produce and replicate the self-referential communication of White Americans.
Mark R. Warren
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199751242
- eISBN:
- 9780199943326
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199751242.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
This chapter looks at activists' experiences in engaging other whites. Activists take on the responsibility of engaging with other white people to change their racialized ideas and practices. White ...
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This chapter looks at activists' experiences in engaging other whites. Activists take on the responsibility of engaging with other white people to change their racialized ideas and practices. White activists face many tensions and dilemmas in trying to influence other whites within a system that perpetuates racism on a daily basis. The chapter starts with a key dilemma faced by all white activists who try to influence others, that is, how to challenge a white person's racism in a way which moves them forward rather than causes defensiveness and retreat. It turns to a close examination of how activists seek to influence other whites in the three different fields of action represented in the study: community organizing, education, and policy advocacy and criminal justice work.Less
This chapter looks at activists' experiences in engaging other whites. Activists take on the responsibility of engaging with other white people to change their racialized ideas and practices. White activists face many tensions and dilemmas in trying to influence other whites within a system that perpetuates racism on a daily basis. The chapter starts with a key dilemma faced by all white activists who try to influence others, that is, how to challenge a white person's racism in a way which moves them forward rather than causes defensiveness and retreat. It turns to a close examination of how activists seek to influence other whites in the three different fields of action represented in the study: community organizing, education, and policy advocacy and criminal justice work.
Mark R. Warren
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199751242
- eISBN:
- 9780199943326
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199751242.003.0008
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
How can white Americans come to care enough about racism that they move from passivity to action for racial justice? This book looked for clues to answer that question by examining the lives and ...
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How can white Americans come to care enough about racism that they move from passivity to action for racial justice? This book looked for clues to answer that question by examining the lives and self-understanding of white people who have made that move and became committed activists for racial justice. This chapter brings the pieces together to develop a more integrated explanation, highlighting the broader implications of the findings of this project for advancing racial justice in the United States. It also notes how Barack Obama gave white Americans a chance to support a better future for themselves, for people of color, and for the entire country. The chapter explains how whites can come to support racial justice not just because they should do so, but also because they fully embrace the cause as their own.Less
How can white Americans come to care enough about racism that they move from passivity to action for racial justice? This book looked for clues to answer that question by examining the lives and self-understanding of white people who have made that move and became committed activists for racial justice. This chapter brings the pieces together to develop a more integrated explanation, highlighting the broader implications of the findings of this project for advancing racial justice in the United States. It also notes how Barack Obama gave white Americans a chance to support a better future for themselves, for people of color, and for the entire country. The chapter explains how whites can come to support racial justice not just because they should do so, but also because they fully embrace the cause as their own.
Marisa Abrajano and Zoltan L. Hajnal
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691164434
- eISBN:
- 9781400866489
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691164434.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter introduces a theory that explains how immigration could lead to a broad white backlash that transforms the basic political leaning of much of white America. As anxiety about immigration ...
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This chapter introduces a theory that explains how immigration could lead to a broad white backlash that transforms the basic political leaning of much of white America. As anxiety about immigration has grown, white partisanship and politics have become increasingly affected by this issue, with more and more white Americans espousing a less generous, more indignant politics that seeks to punish immigrants who violate U.S. norms, and strives to cut off services and other public goods that could benefit them. The chapter describes a theory of immigration politics and examines how immigration could be reshaping the politics of white America. It argues that far from the country moving away from the use of race/ethnicity as a dividing line, immigration is actually leading to greater divisions and tensions—at least in the political sphere.Less
This chapter introduces a theory that explains how immigration could lead to a broad white backlash that transforms the basic political leaning of much of white America. As anxiety about immigration has grown, white partisanship and politics have become increasingly affected by this issue, with more and more white Americans espousing a less generous, more indignant politics that seeks to punish immigrants who violate U.S. norms, and strives to cut off services and other public goods that could benefit them. The chapter describes a theory of immigration politics and examines how immigration could be reshaping the politics of white America. It argues that far from the country moving away from the use of race/ethnicity as a dividing line, immigration is actually leading to greater divisions and tensions—at least in the political sphere.
Mark R. Warren
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199751242
- eISBN:
- 9780199943326
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199751242.003.0006
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
Today's activists have not given up on the goal of multiracial community, but they have learned from the experiences of the 1960s to make a more conscious effort to address the inevitable tensions ...
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Today's activists have not given up on the goal of multiracial community, but they have learned from the experiences of the 1960s to make a more conscious effort to address the inevitable tensions that underlie multiracial work. Nevertheless, the “weight of history and institutions” remains. This chapter discusses how activists attempt to address these challenges and negotiate these dilemmas, looking at lessons learned in building multiracial collaborations capable of working toward racial justice. Activists find that whites can ignore racial differences, working out of color-blind assumptions, and stress becoming aware of and addressing racial differences openly within multiracial collaborations. However, whites can also make the opposite error of essentializing race. They can become so overly self-aware of racial differences that they fail to deal with people of color as fellow human beings and lose their own sense of themselves.Less
Today's activists have not given up on the goal of multiracial community, but they have learned from the experiences of the 1960s to make a more conscious effort to address the inevitable tensions that underlie multiracial work. Nevertheless, the “weight of history and institutions” remains. This chapter discusses how activists attempt to address these challenges and negotiate these dilemmas, looking at lessons learned in building multiracial collaborations capable of working toward racial justice. Activists find that whites can ignore racial differences, working out of color-blind assumptions, and stress becoming aware of and addressing racial differences openly within multiracial collaborations. However, whites can also make the opposite error of essentializing race. They can become so overly self-aware of racial differences that they fail to deal with people of color as fellow human beings and lose their own sense of themselves.
Marisa Abrajano and Zoltan L. Hajnal
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691164434
- eISBN:
- 9781400866489
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691164434.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This book examines the ways in which immigration is transforming American politics by focusing on the attitudes and actions of the white population. It offers an explanation of how immigration could ...
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This book examines the ways in which immigration is transforming American politics by focusing on the attitudes and actions of the white population. It offers an explanation of how immigration could lead to a broad white backlash that transforms the basic political leaning of much of white America. It considers how the partisan patterns, electoral decisions, and policy preferences of native white Americans are changing in response to immigration's imprint. It also explores the overall patterns in aggregate white partisanship over the last fifty years and presents historical evidence to show that immigration can fundamentally alter partisan politics as well as racial politics. Finally, the book discusses two mechanisms through which immigration leads to political effects: demographics and news media.Less
This book examines the ways in which immigration is transforming American politics by focusing on the attitudes and actions of the white population. It offers an explanation of how immigration could lead to a broad white backlash that transforms the basic political leaning of much of white America. It considers how the partisan patterns, electoral decisions, and policy preferences of native white Americans are changing in response to immigration's imprint. It also explores the overall patterns in aggregate white partisanship over the last fifty years and presents historical evidence to show that immigration can fundamentally alter partisan politics as well as racial politics. Finally, the book discusses two mechanisms through which immigration leads to political effects: demographics and news media.
Marisa Abrajano and Zoltan L. Hajnal
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691164434
- eISBN:
- 9781400866489
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691164434.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter examines white Americans' partisan preferences. Using data from the American National Election Survey (ANES) and a series of other national public opinion surveys, it shows that white ...
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This chapter examines white Americans' partisan preferences. Using data from the American National Election Survey (ANES) and a series of other national public opinion surveys, it shows that white Americans who harbor anti-immigrant sentiments are much more likely than others to identify as Republican. This is true regardless of what other potentially relevant political factors are taken into account, how partisanship is measured, or which survey is used. Importantly, using panel data, the chapter finds that changes in individual attitudes toward immigrants such as African Americans and Latinos precede shifts in partisanship. Similarly, using aggregate data, it demonstrates that the public's views on immigration predict shifts in macropartisanship. These results suggest that immigration is driving individual defections from the Democratic Party to the Republican Party.Less
This chapter examines white Americans' partisan preferences. Using data from the American National Election Survey (ANES) and a series of other national public opinion surveys, it shows that white Americans who harbor anti-immigrant sentiments are much more likely than others to identify as Republican. This is true regardless of what other potentially relevant political factors are taken into account, how partisanship is measured, or which survey is used. Importantly, using panel data, the chapter finds that changes in individual attitudes toward immigrants such as African Americans and Latinos precede shifts in partisanship. Similarly, using aggregate data, it demonstrates that the public's views on immigration predict shifts in macropartisanship. These results suggest that immigration is driving individual defections from the Democratic Party to the Republican Party.
Mark R. Warren
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199751242
- eISBN:
- 9780199943326
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199751242.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
This book uncovers the dynamic processes through which some white Americans become activists for racial justice, reporting accounts of the development of racial awareness drawn from in-depth ...
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This book uncovers the dynamic processes through which some white Americans become activists for racial justice, reporting accounts of the development of racial awareness drawn from in-depth interviews with fifty white activists in the fields of community organizing, education, and criminal justice reform. Drawing extensively on the interview material, the author shows how white Americans can develop a commitment to racial justice, not just because it is the right thing to do, but because they embrace the cause as their own. Contrary to much contemporary thinking on racial issues focused on altruism or interests, he finds that cognitive and rational processes alone do little to move whites to action. Rather, the motivation to take and sustain action for racial justice is profoundly moral and relational. The author shows how white activists come to find common cause with people of color when their core values are engaged, as they build relationships with people of color that lead to caring, and when they develop a vision of a racially just future which they understand to benefit everyone: themselves, other whites, and people of color. He also considers the complex dynamics and dilemmas white people face in working in multiracial organizations committed to systemic change in America's racial order, and provides a deeper understanding and appreciation of the role that white people can play in efforts to promote racial justice.Less
This book uncovers the dynamic processes through which some white Americans become activists for racial justice, reporting accounts of the development of racial awareness drawn from in-depth interviews with fifty white activists in the fields of community organizing, education, and criminal justice reform. Drawing extensively on the interview material, the author shows how white Americans can develop a commitment to racial justice, not just because it is the right thing to do, but because they embrace the cause as their own. Contrary to much contemporary thinking on racial issues focused on altruism or interests, he finds that cognitive and rational processes alone do little to move whites to action. Rather, the motivation to take and sustain action for racial justice is profoundly moral and relational. The author shows how white activists come to find common cause with people of color when their core values are engaged, as they build relationships with people of color that lead to caring, and when they develop a vision of a racially just future which they understand to benefit everyone: themselves, other whites, and people of color. He also considers the complex dynamics and dilemmas white people face in working in multiracial organizations committed to systemic change in America's racial order, and provides a deeper understanding and appreciation of the role that white people can play in efforts to promote racial justice.
Marisa Abrajano and Zoltan L. Hajnal
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691164434
- eISBN:
- 9781400866489
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691164434.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This conclusion summarizes the book's main findings and considers their implications for the areas of race, immigration, and American politics. The results confirm the important role that immigration ...
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This conclusion summarizes the book's main findings and considers their implications for the areas of race, immigration, and American politics. The results confirm the important role that immigration plays in American politics and also highlight the enduring though shifting role of race in the nation. Where African Americans once dominated the political calculus of white Americans, Latinos appear more likely to do so today. The movement of so many white Americans to the right has wide-ranging ramifications for both the future balance of partisanship and likely trajectory of race relations in the country. With a clear majority of the white population now leaning towards the Republican Party and a clear majority of the minority population now favoring the Democratic Party, political conflict in the United States is increasingly likely to be synonymous with racial conflict—a pattern that threatens ever-greater racial tension.Less
This conclusion summarizes the book's main findings and considers their implications for the areas of race, immigration, and American politics. The results confirm the important role that immigration plays in American politics and also highlight the enduring though shifting role of race in the nation. Where African Americans once dominated the political calculus of white Americans, Latinos appear more likely to do so today. The movement of so many white Americans to the right has wide-ranging ramifications for both the future balance of partisanship and likely trajectory of race relations in the country. With a clear majority of the white population now leaning towards the Republican Party and a clear majority of the minority population now favoring the Democratic Party, political conflict in the United States is increasingly likely to be synonymous with racial conflict—a pattern that threatens ever-greater racial tension.
Marisa Abrajano and Zoltan L. Hajnal
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691164434
- eISBN:
- 9781400866489
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691164434.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This book provides an authoritative assessment of how immigration is reshaping American politics. Using an array of data and analysis, it shows that fears about immigration fundamentally influence ...
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This book provides an authoritative assessment of how immigration is reshaping American politics. Using an array of data and analysis, it shows that fears about immigration fundamentally influence white Americans' core political identities, policy preferences, and electoral choices, and that these concerns are at the heart of a large-scale defection of whites from the Democratic to the Republican Party. The book demonstrates that this political backlash has disquieting implications for the future of race relations in America. White Americans' concerns about Latinos and immigration have led to support for policies that are less generous and more punitive and that conflict with the preferences of much of the immigrant population. America's growing racial and ethnic diversity is leading to a greater racial divide in politics. As whites move to the right of the political spectrum, racial and ethnic minorities generally support the left. Racial divisions in partisanship and voting, as the book indicates, now outweigh divisions by class, age, gender, and other demographic measures. The book raises critical questions and concerns about how political beliefs and future elections will change the fate of America's immigrants and minorities, and their relationship with the rest of the nation.Less
This book provides an authoritative assessment of how immigration is reshaping American politics. Using an array of data and analysis, it shows that fears about immigration fundamentally influence white Americans' core political identities, policy preferences, and electoral choices, and that these concerns are at the heart of a large-scale defection of whites from the Democratic to the Republican Party. The book demonstrates that this political backlash has disquieting implications for the future of race relations in America. White Americans' concerns about Latinos and immigration have led to support for policies that are less generous and more punitive and that conflict with the preferences of much of the immigrant population. America's growing racial and ethnic diversity is leading to a greater racial divide in politics. As whites move to the right of the political spectrum, racial and ethnic minorities generally support the left. Racial divisions in partisanship and voting, as the book indicates, now outweigh divisions by class, age, gender, and other demographic measures. The book raises critical questions and concerns about how political beliefs and future elections will change the fate of America's immigrants and minorities, and their relationship with the rest of the nation.
Marisa Abrajano and Zoltan L. Hajnal
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691164434
- eISBN:
- 9781400866489
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691164434.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter examines the implications of white backlash for the policy decisions of state legislatures, focusing on five policy areas: health care, criminal justice, education, taxation, and ...
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This chapter examines the implications of white backlash for the policy decisions of state legislatures, focusing on five policy areas: health care, criminal justice, education, taxation, and spending decisions. Using data from the National Association of State Budget Officers as well as a range of other sources, it shows that Latino population size has an impact on policies tied to immigrants and Latinos. In states with larger Latino populations, public goods provision drop significantly, and funds for welfare, health, and education all decline. Once the Latino population passes a threshold, however, policy outcomes become more pro-Latino. These results provide evidence that while blacks continue to represent a threat to some white Americans and their presence affects state welfare spending, Latinos are becoming much more central in the policy-making process.Less
This chapter examines the implications of white backlash for the policy decisions of state legislatures, focusing on five policy areas: health care, criminal justice, education, taxation, and spending decisions. Using data from the National Association of State Budget Officers as well as a range of other sources, it shows that Latino population size has an impact on policies tied to immigrants and Latinos. In states with larger Latino populations, public goods provision drop significantly, and funds for welfare, health, and education all decline. Once the Latino population passes a threshold, however, policy outcomes become more pro-Latino. These results provide evidence that while blacks continue to represent a threat to some white Americans and their presence affects state welfare spending, Latinos are becoming much more central in the policy-making process.
Richard Lischer
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195111323
- eISBN:
- 9780199853298
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195111323.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
The most complicated component in king's strategy of style was identification, which Kenneth Burke calls the rhetorical “principle of courtship.” For the first decade of his career, King worked ...
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The most complicated component in king's strategy of style was identification, which Kenneth Burke calls the rhetorical “principle of courtship.” For the first decade of his career, King worked relentlessly to align the objectives of the Movement with the values of moderate-to-liberal white America. His objective was the merger of black aspirations into the American dream. To achieve this, he had to persuade black Americans that his methods signified their best interests, and he had to persuade white Americans that his vision was uniform with their heritage. Due to the increasing influence of television, he laid out his mission of identification before a racially mixed audience.Less
The most complicated component in king's strategy of style was identification, which Kenneth Burke calls the rhetorical “principle of courtship.” For the first decade of his career, King worked relentlessly to align the objectives of the Movement with the values of moderate-to-liberal white America. His objective was the merger of black aspirations into the American dream. To achieve this, he had to persuade black Americans that his methods signified their best interests, and he had to persuade white Americans that his vision was uniform with their heritage. Due to the increasing influence of television, he laid out his mission of identification before a racially mixed audience.
William A. Shack
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520225374
- eISBN:
- 9780520925694
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520225374.003.0004
- Subject:
- Music, History, American
In the early 1920s, racial incidents involving white Americans and the black community were nearly always attributed to the Ku Klux Klan. The frequency of racial encounters in Montmartre turned rumor ...
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In the early 1920s, racial incidents involving white Americans and the black community were nearly always attributed to the Ku Klux Klan. The frequency of racial encounters in Montmartre turned rumor into believable fact, underpinned by the rash of known violent Klan activity taking place in black community members' hometowns across America. When word spread that the Klan was actively seeking to establish itself officially in France by opening a branch in Paris, the government moved swiftly to block this effort, and on 5 January 1923, a French official declared that no secret society having the announced aims of the Ku Klux Klan would be permitted to operate under the existing French laws.Less
In the early 1920s, racial incidents involving white Americans and the black community were nearly always attributed to the Ku Klux Klan. The frequency of racial encounters in Montmartre turned rumor into believable fact, underpinned by the rash of known violent Klan activity taking place in black community members' hometowns across America. When word spread that the Klan was actively seeking to establish itself officially in France by opening a branch in Paris, the government moved swiftly to block this effort, and on 5 January 1923, a French official declared that no secret society having the announced aims of the Ku Klux Klan would be permitted to operate under the existing French laws.
Edith Wen-Chu Chen
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781604739213
- eISBN:
- 9781604739220
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781604739213.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
This chapter examines nonblack members of black Greek-letter organizations by focusing on the experiences of five Asian American women in African American sororities. It first provides an overview of ...
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This chapter examines nonblack members of black Greek-letter organizations by focusing on the experiences of five Asian American women in African American sororities. It first provides an overview of the social structure of African American sororities at Pacific Coast University. It then looks at the relationship between African American sororities and African Americans, those perceived as “mainstream” or white Americans, and Asian American women. It then discusses the social processes underlying the incorporation of the five Asian American women and shows how they were driven by white supremacy and racism to seek membership in black sororities. It argues that participation in African American sororities give Asian American women the opportunity to further develop their identities as women of color and directly challenge racial hierarchies.Less
This chapter examines nonblack members of black Greek-letter organizations by focusing on the experiences of five Asian American women in African American sororities. It first provides an overview of the social structure of African American sororities at Pacific Coast University. It then looks at the relationship between African American sororities and African Americans, those perceived as “mainstream” or white Americans, and Asian American women. It then discusses the social processes underlying the incorporation of the five Asian American women and shows how they were driven by white supremacy and racism to seek membership in black sororities. It argues that participation in African American sororities give Asian American women the opportunity to further develop their identities as women of color and directly challenge racial hierarchies.
Lawrence Schenbeck
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- March 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781617032295
- eISBN:
- 9781617032301
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781617032295.003.0002
- Subject:
- Music, History, American
This chapter explores the rise of the Negro spirituals and the career and the racial-uplift coding of James Monroe Trotter’s book Music and Some Highly Musical People (1878). White Americans first ...
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This chapter explores the rise of the Negro spirituals and the career and the racial-uplift coding of James Monroe Trotter’s book Music and Some Highly Musical People (1878). White Americans first encountered the African American spirituality through music that expressed African American sorrow over their predicament of being slaves. Trotter’s book gave the first comprehensive history of black music in America, focusing on several musicians such as the Georgia Minstrels, Justin Holland, and the Luca Family.Less
This chapter explores the rise of the Negro spirituals and the career and the racial-uplift coding of James Monroe Trotter’s book Music and Some Highly Musical People (1878). White Americans first encountered the African American spirituality through music that expressed African American sorrow over their predicament of being slaves. Trotter’s book gave the first comprehensive history of black music in America, focusing on several musicians such as the Georgia Minstrels, Justin Holland, and the Luca Family.
Ronald Williams
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252036453
- eISBN:
- 9780252093487
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252036453.003.0013
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter raises the question of how Barack Obama, an African American, was able to achieve the support of American whites, enough to win not only his party's nomination, but also ultimately the ...
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This chapter raises the question of how Barack Obama, an African American, was able to achieve the support of American whites, enough to win not only his party's nomination, but also ultimately the presidential election by a landslide. It argues that Obama's success in American politics is rooted primarily in his “acceptability” as an African American racial representative in the eyes of American whites. By acceptable to American whites, the point here is that Obama was able to achieve his status as racial representative primarily because of categorical rejection, exclusion, and repression of black leaders with agendas that were understood to be in any way radical or as posing a threat to the existing racial arrangement. Obama was the modern-day representative Negro in that he represented black people most eloquently and elegantly, and because he was the race's great opportunity to re-present itself in the court of racist public opinion.Less
This chapter raises the question of how Barack Obama, an African American, was able to achieve the support of American whites, enough to win not only his party's nomination, but also ultimately the presidential election by a landslide. It argues that Obama's success in American politics is rooted primarily in his “acceptability” as an African American racial representative in the eyes of American whites. By acceptable to American whites, the point here is that Obama was able to achieve his status as racial representative primarily because of categorical rejection, exclusion, and repression of black leaders with agendas that were understood to be in any way radical or as posing a threat to the existing racial arrangement. Obama was the modern-day representative Negro in that he represented black people most eloquently and elegantly, and because he was the race's great opportunity to re-present itself in the court of racist public opinion.
Emily Satterwhite
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780813130101
- eISBN:
- 9780813135854
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813130101.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This book demonstrates the value of using fan mail and online customer reviews to determine what meanings readers made of popular fictions set in Appalachia. Employing the methodological innovation ...
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This book demonstrates the value of using fan mail and online customer reviews to determine what meanings readers made of popular fictions set in Appalachia. Employing the methodological innovation of “reception geographies,” the book examines readers' testimonials alongside maps of their migrations in order to assess the ways in which their geographic movements and affiliations influenced their imagined geographies of Appalachia as a haven from modernity and postmodernity. The book argues that regional fiction served three functions for U.S. readers in multiple eras: it produced regions as authentic places, enabled readers' construction of identity and belonging; and facilitated the circulation of power across geographic scales. The book illustrates the crucial role played by mobile readers—regional elites, out-migrants and in-migrants, tourists, and missionaries—in constructing an Authentic Appalachia. For all fans, but for mobile readers in particular, Appalachia represented what they believed to be the nation's roots in “pioneer” white agrarian society and held out the tantalizing promise of a harmonious and rooted way of life. Appalachian-set best sellers stimulated the formation of a regional identity that critiqued the emotional costs of upward mobility, soothed white readers' concerns about lack of identity and belonging, and fostered readers' attachments to place in a highly mobile society that belittled rural locales. The book cautions that popular fiction's pastoral versions of Appalachia may have romanticized whiteness, glorified white American nationalism, and reinforced readers' imagination of primitive peoples the world over as in need of guidance from well-to-do Americans.Less
This book demonstrates the value of using fan mail and online customer reviews to determine what meanings readers made of popular fictions set in Appalachia. Employing the methodological innovation of “reception geographies,” the book examines readers' testimonials alongside maps of their migrations in order to assess the ways in which their geographic movements and affiliations influenced their imagined geographies of Appalachia as a haven from modernity and postmodernity. The book argues that regional fiction served three functions for U.S. readers in multiple eras: it produced regions as authentic places, enabled readers' construction of identity and belonging; and facilitated the circulation of power across geographic scales. The book illustrates the crucial role played by mobile readers—regional elites, out-migrants and in-migrants, tourists, and missionaries—in constructing an Authentic Appalachia. For all fans, but for mobile readers in particular, Appalachia represented what they believed to be the nation's roots in “pioneer” white agrarian society and held out the tantalizing promise of a harmonious and rooted way of life. Appalachian-set best sellers stimulated the formation of a regional identity that critiqued the emotional costs of upward mobility, soothed white readers' concerns about lack of identity and belonging, and fostered readers' attachments to place in a highly mobile society that belittled rural locales. The book cautions that popular fiction's pastoral versions of Appalachia may have romanticized whiteness, glorified white American nationalism, and reinforced readers' imagination of primitive peoples the world over as in need of guidance from well-to-do Americans.
Nicholas J. G. Winter
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226902364
- eISBN:
- 9780226902388
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226902388.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
In addition to their obvious roles in American politics, race and gender also work in hidden ways to influence profoundly the way we think—and vote—about a vast array of issues that don't seem ...
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In addition to their obvious roles in American politics, race and gender also work in hidden ways to influence profoundly the way we think—and vote—about a vast array of issues that don't seem related to either category. As this book reveals, politicians and leaders often frame these seemingly unrelated issues in ways that prime audiences to respond not to the policy at hand but instead to the way its presentation resonates with their deeply held beliefs about race and gender. The book shows, for example, how official rhetoric about welfare and Social Security has tapped into white Americans' racial biases to shape their opinions on both issues over the past two decades. Similarly, the way politicians presented health care reform in the 1990s divided Americans along the lines of their attitudes toward gender. Combining cognitive and political psychology with innovative empirical research, the book illuminates the emotional underpinnings of politics in the United States.Less
In addition to their obvious roles in American politics, race and gender also work in hidden ways to influence profoundly the way we think—and vote—about a vast array of issues that don't seem related to either category. As this book reveals, politicians and leaders often frame these seemingly unrelated issues in ways that prime audiences to respond not to the policy at hand but instead to the way its presentation resonates with their deeply held beliefs about race and gender. The book shows, for example, how official rhetoric about welfare and Social Security has tapped into white Americans' racial biases to shape their opinions on both issues over the past two decades. Similarly, the way politicians presented health care reform in the 1990s divided Americans along the lines of their attitudes toward gender. Combining cognitive and political psychology with innovative empirical research, the book illuminates the emotional underpinnings of politics in the United States.
