Sergio Fabbrini
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199235612
- eISBN:
- 9780191715686
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199235612.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
This chapter analyzes the development of a market economy and welfare system in both America and Europe. America and European nation-states have followed radically different paths of market-building. ...
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This chapter analyzes the development of a market economy and welfare system in both America and Europe. America and European nation-states have followed radically different paths of market-building. The institutionalizations of these different paths have constrained the strategies for dealing with the negative effects of the operation of the market. Since the turn of the 19th century, America has built a regulatory state, that is, an institutional apparatus designed to pursue market-correcting strategies. At the same time, even after World War II, the single European nation-states have continued to pursue market-substituting strategies, that is, they created institutional apparatuses for implementing some form of public control of the economy. It was within this different structuring of the relations between the market and the state that different types of welfare systems have developed on the two shores of the Atlantic.Less
This chapter analyzes the development of a market economy and welfare system in both America and Europe. America and European nation-states have followed radically different paths of market-building. The institutionalizations of these different paths have constrained the strategies for dealing with the negative effects of the operation of the market. Since the turn of the 19th century, America has built a regulatory state, that is, an institutional apparatus designed to pursue market-correcting strategies. At the same time, even after World War II, the single European nation-states have continued to pursue market-substituting strategies, that is, they created institutional apparatuses for implementing some form of public control of the economy. It was within this different structuring of the relations between the market and the state that different types of welfare systems have developed on the two shores of the Atlantic.
Sarah McCue Horwitz, Michael S. Hurlburt, and Jinjin Zhang
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195398465
- eISBN:
- 9780199863426
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195398465.003.0010
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families, Health and Mental Health
This chapter reviews studies of mental health service need and use in children involved in the child welfare system. It presents two comprehensive views: one of the research literature leading up to ...
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This chapter reviews studies of mental health service need and use in children involved in the child welfare system. It presents two comprehensive views: one of the research literature leading up to the NSCAW study, and another that depicts mental health service use in this population over a full 36 months. It considers three distinct age groups of children: those aged 2 to 5 years, those 5 to 10 years, and those 11 years or older. In addition to offering the most detailed examination of the use of mental health care by the younger children involved in child welfare, the chapter is perhaps the first study that uses a measure of developmental functioning to examine need for care in the youngest group (2-5 year olds). The striking finding is the larger gap between need and use for this youngest segment of the NSCAW cohort. Meanwhile, the findings about the powerful role of race/ethnicity in use patterns confirms at the nationwide level major findings from all local studies that have examined this question.Less
This chapter reviews studies of mental health service need and use in children involved in the child welfare system. It presents two comprehensive views: one of the research literature leading up to the NSCAW study, and another that depicts mental health service use in this population over a full 36 months. It considers three distinct age groups of children: those aged 2 to 5 years, those 5 to 10 years, and those 11 years or older. In addition to offering the most detailed examination of the use of mental health care by the younger children involved in child welfare, the chapter is perhaps the first study that uses a measure of developmental functioning to examine need for care in the youngest group (2-5 year olds). The striking finding is the larger gap between need and use for this youngest segment of the NSCAW cohort. Meanwhile, the findings about the powerful role of race/ethnicity in use patterns confirms at the nationwide level major findings from all local studies that have examined this question.
Ken Taylor and Michael Shaver
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195321302
- eISBN:
- 9780199777457
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195321302.003.0010
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families, Communities and Organizations
This chapter discusses performance-based contracting (PBC) and budgeting in public child welfare, drawing on experiences in implementing PBC in Chicago and Philadelphia. The approach incorporated ...
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This chapter discusses performance-based contracting (PBC) and budgeting in public child welfare, drawing on experiences in implementing PBC in Chicago and Philadelphia. The approach incorporated research design elements, such as rotational assignment and risk-adjustment, in order to improve the monitoring of the performance of contractual service agents. Researchers relied on market-pricing systems to motivate quality improvement and to achieve budgetary efficiencies.Less
This chapter discusses performance-based contracting (PBC) and budgeting in public child welfare, drawing on experiences in implementing PBC in Chicago and Philadelphia. The approach incorporated research design elements, such as rotational assignment and risk-adjustment, in order to improve the monitoring of the performance of contractual service agents. Researchers relied on market-pricing systems to motivate quality improvement and to achieve budgetary efficiencies.
Jill Duerr Berrick
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- April 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195113754
- eISBN:
- 9780199893546
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195113754.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families, Social Policy
Most Americans are insulated from the poor; it is hard to imagine the challenges of poverty, the daily fears of crime and victimization, the frustration of not being able to provide for a child. ...
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Most Americans are insulated from the poor; it is hard to imagine the challenges of poverty, the daily fears of crime and victimization, the frustration of not being able to provide for a child. Instead, we are often exposed to the rhetoric and hyperbole about the excesses of the American welfare system. These messages color our perception of the welfare problem in the United States and they close the American mind to a full understanding of the complexity of family poverty. But who are these poor families? What do we know about how they arrived in such desperate straits? Is poverty their fate for a lifetime or for only a brief period? Faces of Poverty answers these questions as it dispels the misconceptions and myths about welfare and the welfare population that have clouded the true picture of poverty in America. Over the course of a year, the author spent numerous hours as a participant-observer with five women and their families, documenting their daily activities, thoughts, and fears as they managed the strains of poverty. We meet Ana, Sandy, Rebecca, Darlene, and Cora, all of whom, at some point, have turned to welfare for support. Each represents a wider segment of the welfare population, ranging from Ana (who lost a business, injured her back, and temporarily lost her job, all in a short period of time) to Cora (who was raised in poverty, spent ten years in an abusive relationship, and now struggles to raise six children in a drug-infested neighborhood). As the author documents these women's experiences, she also debunks many of the myths about welfare: she reveals that welfare is not generous (welfare families remain below the poverty line, even with government assistance); that the majority of women on welfare are not long-term welfare dependents; that welfare does not run in families; that “welfare mothers” do not keep having children in order to increase their payments (women on welfare have, on average, two children); and that almost half of all women on welfare turned to it after a divorce. At a time when welfare has become a hotly debated political issue, Faces of Poverty gives us the facts. The debate surrounding welfare will continue as each of the 50 states struggles to reform their welfare programs, and this debate will turn on the public's perception of the welfare population. The author offers insight into each of the reforms under consideration, and starkly demonstrates their implications for poor women and children. She provides a window into these women's lives, portraying their hopes and fears, and their struggle to live with dignity.Less
Most Americans are insulated from the poor; it is hard to imagine the challenges of poverty, the daily fears of crime and victimization, the frustration of not being able to provide for a child. Instead, we are often exposed to the rhetoric and hyperbole about the excesses of the American welfare system. These messages color our perception of the welfare problem in the United States and they close the American mind to a full understanding of the complexity of family poverty. But who are these poor families? What do we know about how they arrived in such desperate straits? Is poverty their fate for a lifetime or for only a brief period? Faces of Poverty answers these questions as it dispels the misconceptions and myths about welfare and the welfare population that have clouded the true picture of poverty in America. Over the course of a year, the author spent numerous hours as a participant-observer with five women and their families, documenting their daily activities, thoughts, and fears as they managed the strains of poverty. We meet Ana, Sandy, Rebecca, Darlene, and Cora, all of whom, at some point, have turned to welfare for support. Each represents a wider segment of the welfare population, ranging from Ana (who lost a business, injured her back, and temporarily lost her job, all in a short period of time) to Cora (who was raised in poverty, spent ten years in an abusive relationship, and now struggles to raise six children in a drug-infested neighborhood). As the author documents these women's experiences, she also debunks many of the myths about welfare: she reveals that welfare is not generous (welfare families remain below the poverty line, even with government assistance); that the majority of women on welfare are not long-term welfare dependents; that welfare does not run in families; that “welfare mothers” do not keep having children in order to increase their payments (women on welfare have, on average, two children); and that almost half of all women on welfare turned to it after a divorce. At a time when welfare has become a hotly debated political issue, Faces of Poverty gives us the facts. The debate surrounding welfare will continue as each of the 50 states struggles to reform their welfare programs, and this debate will turn on the public's perception of the welfare population. The author offers insight into each of the reforms under consideration, and starkly demonstrates their implications for poor women and children. She provides a window into these women's lives, portraying their hopes and fears, and their struggle to live with dignity.
Leroy H. Pelton
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195304961
- eISBN:
- 9780199863648
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195304961.003.0002
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families, Research and Evaluation
This chapter examines the relevance and irrelevance of research on public child welfare, focusing on issues such as child removal, family preservation, and child protection. This is done against the ...
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This chapter examines the relevance and irrelevance of research on public child welfare, focusing on issues such as child removal, family preservation, and child protection. This is done against the background of the four levels of the child welfare system: its programs and services; the structure of the child welfare system itself; child welfare policies; and cognitive and emotional factors such as conceptions of justice. The fundamental discrepancy between research and practice is explored: the focus of child welfare practice on individual child and family, and the emphasis of most social science research on aggregate data.Less
This chapter examines the relevance and irrelevance of research on public child welfare, focusing on issues such as child removal, family preservation, and child protection. This is done against the background of the four levels of the child welfare system: its programs and services; the structure of the child welfare system itself; child welfare policies; and cognitive and emotional factors such as conceptions of justice. The fundamental discrepancy between research and practice is explored: the focus of child welfare practice on individual child and family, and the emphasis of most social science research on aggregate data.
Duncan Lindsey
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- April 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195136715
- eISBN:
- 9780199894079
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195136715.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families, Social Policy
According to the United Nations' latest data, the United States has more children living in poverty than any other industrialized nation in the world. More than a fifth of all children grow up in ...
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According to the United Nations' latest data, the United States has more children living in poverty than any other industrialized nation in the world. More than a fifth of all children grow up in poverty. The poverty rates for African American and Latino children often exceed 40 percent. Furthermore, the United States — a country that once pioneered strategies to prevent child abuse and which now spends more money fighting child abuse than any other industrialized country — also has the highest rate of child abuse in the industrialized world. Against this background, the author, an authority on child welfare, takes a critical look at the current welfare system. He traces the transformation of child welfare into child protective services, arguing that the current focus on abuse has produced a system which is designed to protect children from physical and sexual abuse, and therefore functions as a last resort for only the worst and most dramatic cases in child welfare. In a close analysis of the process of investigating child abuse, the author finds that there is no evidence that the transformation into protective services has reduced child abuse fatalities or that it has provided a safer environment for children. He makes an argument for the criminal justice system to assume responsibility for the problem of child abuse in order for the child welfare system to be able to adequately address the wellbeing of a much larger number of children now growing up in poverty. This new edition of The Welfare of Children takes into account a major legislative change since the publication of the first edition: the welfare reform legislation of 1996. This legislation has fundamentally altered the public child welfare system as broadly understood, and the author of this book examines its implications on policy and practice, refuting the claim that welfare reform has actually reduced child poverty. The Welfare of Children, 2nd Edition is a blueprint for the comprehensive reform of the current child welfare system to one that administers to the economic security of the larger number of disadvantaged and impoverished children.Less
According to the United Nations' latest data, the United States has more children living in poverty than any other industrialized nation in the world. More than a fifth of all children grow up in poverty. The poverty rates for African American and Latino children often exceed 40 percent. Furthermore, the United States — a country that once pioneered strategies to prevent child abuse and which now spends more money fighting child abuse than any other industrialized country — also has the highest rate of child abuse in the industrialized world. Against this background, the author, an authority on child welfare, takes a critical look at the current welfare system. He traces the transformation of child welfare into child protective services, arguing that the current focus on abuse has produced a system which is designed to protect children from physical and sexual abuse, and therefore functions as a last resort for only the worst and most dramatic cases in child welfare. In a close analysis of the process of investigating child abuse, the author finds that there is no evidence that the transformation into protective services has reduced child abuse fatalities or that it has provided a safer environment for children. He makes an argument for the criminal justice system to assume responsibility for the problem of child abuse in order for the child welfare system to be able to adequately address the wellbeing of a much larger number of children now growing up in poverty. This new edition of The Welfare of Children takes into account a major legislative change since the publication of the first edition: the welfare reform legislation of 1996. This legislation has fundamentally altered the public child welfare system as broadly understood, and the author of this book examines its implications on policy and practice, refuting the claim that welfare reform has actually reduced child poverty. The Welfare of Children, 2nd Edition is a blueprint for the comprehensive reform of the current child welfare system to one that administers to the economic security of the larger number of disadvantaged and impoverished children.
David F. Crew
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195053111
- eISBN:
- 9780199854479
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195053111.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter focuses on the types of people who tried to get assistance from local welfare systems. These were people of every type, every class, and every gender. Occupational status or social ...
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This chapter focuses on the types of people who tried to get assistance from local welfare systems. These were people of every type, every class, and every gender. Occupational status or social position was not an indication of whether or not they availed welfare dependency. Age, health, gender, and the presence or absence of family and relatives willing and able to provide support all worked to augment financial capabilities. One category of potential welfare clients included young, single people in search of work (beggars) yet these were excluded from consideration. Workers who were on strike also could not expect any welfare support. Those who did not fall in any of the excluded categories would be granted support. Provision 33a of the 1925 national guidelines guaranteed clients to “elevated welfare.” This approach brought welfare clients to the welfare system whose central task was to rehabilitate individuals and families. However, this labeled people collectively and individually.Less
This chapter focuses on the types of people who tried to get assistance from local welfare systems. These were people of every type, every class, and every gender. Occupational status or social position was not an indication of whether or not they availed welfare dependency. Age, health, gender, and the presence or absence of family and relatives willing and able to provide support all worked to augment financial capabilities. One category of potential welfare clients included young, single people in search of work (beggars) yet these were excluded from consideration. Workers who were on strike also could not expect any welfare support. Those who did not fall in any of the excluded categories would be granted support. Provision 33a of the 1925 national guidelines guaranteed clients to “elevated welfare.” This approach brought welfare clients to the welfare system whose central task was to rehabilitate individuals and families. However, this labeled people collectively and individually.
JULIA H. LITTELL and JOHN R. SCHUERMAN
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195111552
- eISBN:
- 9780199865734
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195111552.003.0005
- Subject:
- Social Work, Health and Mental Health
This chapter focuses on a major service delivery innovation in child welfare—the provision of intensive in-home services aimed at keeping families together and preventing out-of-home placement of ...
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This chapter focuses on a major service delivery innovation in child welfare—the provision of intensive in-home services aimed at keeping families together and preventing out-of-home placement of children. It begins with an overview of vulnerable children served by the child welfare system and then discusses the functioning of this system and issues in child welfare practice. The in-home service delivery model is then discussed. Empirical evidence on the effectiveness of this intervention is reviewed, and implications for practice, policy, and future research are presented.Less
This chapter focuses on a major service delivery innovation in child welfare—the provision of intensive in-home services aimed at keeping families together and preventing out-of-home placement of children. It begins with an overview of vulnerable children served by the child welfare system and then discusses the functioning of this system and issues in child welfare practice. The in-home service delivery model is then discussed. Empirical evidence on the effectiveness of this intervention is reviewed, and implications for practice, policy, and future research are presented.
David F. Crew
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195053111
- eISBN:
- 9780199854479
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195053111.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter shows that the Weimar welfare system was made possible through a compromise between religious welfare interests and the Social Democrats. Racism offered a way out the normative crisis as ...
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This chapter shows that the Weimar welfare system was made possible through a compromise between religious welfare interests and the Social Democrats. Racism offered a way out the normative crisis as it promised immortality to healthy genes. This had murderous consequences during the period of the Third Reich. In the Wilhelmine Empire, the Social Democrats viewed the German state as an instrument for domination so they participated in the construction of the Weimar Republic. They wanted the provision of public welfare to be made more democratic. The Social Democrats' loyal support of the capitalist state drew unrelenting criticism from the German communists. The national state created the legal framework for the public welfare system in the Weimar Republic. At the same time, religious welfare organizations began to realize that working with and within the new state welfare system made it more difficult for them to fulfill their religious and ethical missions.Less
This chapter shows that the Weimar welfare system was made possible through a compromise between religious welfare interests and the Social Democrats. Racism offered a way out the normative crisis as it promised immortality to healthy genes. This had murderous consequences during the period of the Third Reich. In the Wilhelmine Empire, the Social Democrats viewed the German state as an instrument for domination so they participated in the construction of the Weimar Republic. They wanted the provision of public welfare to be made more democratic. The Social Democrats' loyal support of the capitalist state drew unrelenting criticism from the German communists. The national state created the legal framework for the public welfare system in the Weimar Republic. At the same time, religious welfare organizations began to realize that working with and within the new state welfare system made it more difficult for them to fulfill their religious and ethical missions.
David F. Crew
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195053111
- eISBN:
- 9780199854479
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195053111.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter goes inside the Weimar welfare offices by exploring the identities and interests of the major players of the Hamburg's Welfare System. The Hamburg's Welfare System provided social ...
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This chapter goes inside the Weimar welfare offices by exploring the identities and interests of the major players of the Hamburg's Welfare System. The Hamburg's Welfare System provided social services that went beyond the minimum prescribed by national welfare regulations. It developed specialized areas of welfare. It was headed by Social Democratic political appointees, Paul Hoffman, Paul Neumann, and Oskar Martini. Other personnel came from existing public and private welfare agencies of the Hamburg administration. However, the Weimar welfare systems had a gendered boundary line between female and male as female social workers worked in the field while male administrative officials worked inside welfare offices. The welfare system after the war appointed or nominated volunteers as it needed more professional social workers and welfare officials than were employed. Thus, there was a new need for training as only five out of twenty people were competent so the welfare offices needed to train the voluntary workers.Less
This chapter goes inside the Weimar welfare offices by exploring the identities and interests of the major players of the Hamburg's Welfare System. The Hamburg's Welfare System provided social services that went beyond the minimum prescribed by national welfare regulations. It developed specialized areas of welfare. It was headed by Social Democratic political appointees, Paul Hoffman, Paul Neumann, and Oskar Martini. Other personnel came from existing public and private welfare agencies of the Hamburg administration. However, the Weimar welfare systems had a gendered boundary line between female and male as female social workers worked in the field while male administrative officials worked inside welfare offices. The welfare system after the war appointed or nominated volunteers as it needed more professional social workers and welfare officials than were employed. Thus, there was a new need for training as only five out of twenty people were competent so the welfare offices needed to train the voluntary workers.
Jill Duerr Berrick
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- April 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195113754
- eISBN:
- 9780199893546
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195113754.003.0002
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families, Social Policy
This chapter discusses welfare. Topics covered include the development of welfare, welfare as intended versus welfare in practice, myths and realities about welfare. The chapter then discusses the ...
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This chapter discusses welfare. Topics covered include the development of welfare, welfare as intended versus welfare in practice, myths and realities about welfare. The chapter then discusses the controversial issue of whether welfare is a problem. It argues that perhaps the real problem is not in our perceptions of who does and does not receive welfare or how long people should benefit from public assistance. Instead, people should be more concerned about the fact that welfare is synonymous with poverty and that living in poverty is what needs to be addressed.Less
This chapter discusses welfare. Topics covered include the development of welfare, welfare as intended versus welfare in practice, myths and realities about welfare. The chapter then discusses the controversial issue of whether welfare is a problem. It argues that perhaps the real problem is not in our perceptions of who does and does not receive welfare or how long people should benefit from public assistance. Instead, people should be more concerned about the fact that welfare is synonymous with poverty and that living in poverty is what needs to be addressed.
Duncan Lindsey
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- April 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195136715
- eISBN:
- 9780199894079
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195136715.003.0011
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families, Social Policy
This chapter examines the effects of the most important event affecting poor children in the last several decades: the welfare reform of 1996. It is now possible to examine the consequences of this ...
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This chapter examines the effects of the most important event affecting poor children in the last several decades: the welfare reform of 1996. It is now possible to examine the consequences of this reform for children. Proponents of the reform herald the dramatic drop in the welfare caseload. In most states, the number of children receiving welfare has been cut in half. Several states have achieved a more than three-quarters reduction. What has been the consequence of this dramatic end of welfare as we know it? The chapter looks at the economic circumstance of poor children post-welfare reform.Less
This chapter examines the effects of the most important event affecting poor children in the last several decades: the welfare reform of 1996. It is now possible to examine the consequences of this reform for children. Proponents of the reform herald the dramatic drop in the welfare caseload. In most states, the number of children receiving welfare has been cut in half. Several states have achieved a more than three-quarters reduction. What has been the consequence of this dramatic end of welfare as we know it? The chapter looks at the economic circumstance of poor children post-welfare reform.
Jill Duerr Berrick
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- April 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195113754
- eISBN:
- 9780199893546
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195113754.003.0008
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families, Social Policy
This chapter presents some concluding thoughts from the author. It begins with a review of the stories of the women in the preceding chapters. Despite their differences — these women's paths to ...
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This chapter presents some concluding thoughts from the author. It begins with a review of the stories of the women in the preceding chapters. Despite their differences — these women's paths to welfare, their various experiences with education and training programs, and their readiness for work — all are similar, having raised their children for a time in poverty. Welfare reforms, and their impact on women and children, are discussed.Less
This chapter presents some concluding thoughts from the author. It begins with a review of the stories of the women in the preceding chapters. Despite their differences — these women's paths to welfare, their various experiences with education and training programs, and their readiness for work — all are similar, having raised their children for a time in poverty. Welfare reforms, and their impact on women and children, are discussed.
Claude Martin
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195314304
- eISBN:
- 9780199865574
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195314304.003.0003
- Subject:
- Social Work, Social Policy
This chapter discusses women's poverty in France, particularly that of lone mothers and lone elderly women. The poverty of lone mothers stems from their position in the labor market. Lone mothers are ...
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This chapter discusses women's poverty in France, particularly that of lone mothers and lone elderly women. The poverty of lone mothers stems from their position in the labor market. Lone mothers are two times more likely to be unemployed, and the majority of them for more than 1 year. Among young mothers less than age 35, the unemployment rate of lone mothers is twice that of those who are partnered (32% vs. 16%). Available data and the review of social policies, show that the poverty of lone-aged women is not a central issue in France. Aged people are universally considered the main beneficiaries of the Trente Glorieuses (30 glorious years). There is no specific measure to combat the poverty of this group.Less
This chapter discusses women's poverty in France, particularly that of lone mothers and lone elderly women. The poverty of lone mothers stems from their position in the labor market. Lone mothers are two times more likely to be unemployed, and the majority of them for more than 1 year. Among young mothers less than age 35, the unemployment rate of lone mothers is twice that of those who are partnered (32% vs. 16%). Available data and the review of social policies, show that the poverty of lone-aged women is not a central issue in France. Aged people are universally considered the main beneficiaries of the Trente Glorieuses (30 glorious years). There is no specific measure to combat the poverty of this group.
Duncan Lindsey
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- April 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195136715
- eISBN:
- 9780199894079
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195136715.003.0010
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families, Social Policy
This chapter traces the rise of the modern welfare system in the United States, and the causes that led to the continued high rates of welfare up to the end of the 20th century. It examines the ...
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This chapter traces the rise of the modern welfare system in the United States, and the causes that led to the continued high rates of welfare up to the end of the 20th century. It examines the conservative arguments against welfare which led ultimately to its reform and, some say, its essential end. Many of the changes began in the late 1960s but continue even today. It is shown that although the welfare program designed to provide income assistance to poor children has been reformed and largely dismantled, the social and economic conditions it was designed to address are still present.Less
This chapter traces the rise of the modern welfare system in the United States, and the causes that led to the continued high rates of welfare up to the end of the 20th century. It examines the conservative arguments against welfare which led ultimately to its reform and, some say, its essential end. Many of the changes began in the late 1960s but continue even today. It is shown that although the welfare program designed to provide income assistance to poor children has been reformed and largely dismantled, the social and economic conditions it was designed to address are still present.
Duncan Lindsey
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- April 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195136715
- eISBN:
- 9780199894079
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195136715.003.0004
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families, Social Policy
The previous chapter examined the effectiveness of casework intervention to bring about change by reforming the individual client using case management, counseling, and therapeutic approaches. ...
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The previous chapter examined the effectiveness of casework intervention to bring about change by reforming the individual client using case management, counseling, and therapeutic approaches. Although these approaches have failed to produce evidence of systematic change among clients, this should not lead to the conclusion that research has failed to identify effective methods of intervention. This chapter reviews demonstration research that examines the operation of the child welfare system from an organizational level. The interventions of this research were meant to change the operation of the system altogether in order to meet the needs of clients and to achieve policy goals.Less
The previous chapter examined the effectiveness of casework intervention to bring about change by reforming the individual client using case management, counseling, and therapeutic approaches. Although these approaches have failed to produce evidence of systematic change among clients, this should not lead to the conclusion that research has failed to identify effective methods of intervention. This chapter reviews demonstration research that examines the operation of the child welfare system from an organizational level. The interventions of this research were meant to change the operation of the system altogether in order to meet the needs of clients and to achieve policy goals.
Enrica Morlicchio and Elena Spinelli
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195314304
- eISBN:
- 9780199865574
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195314304.003.0007
- Subject:
- Social Work, Social Policy
This chapter examines women's poverty in Italy. It first describes some of the structural conditions that contribute to the main risks of poverty for women, such as their exclusion from the labor ...
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This chapter examines women's poverty in Italy. It first describes some of the structural conditions that contribute to the main risks of poverty for women, such as their exclusion from the labor market and the absence of policies to support the cost of children; costs in terms of both time and economic resources. It then reviews the conditions of different types of poor families and the social policies that contribute to, or alleviate, poverty. It first considers lone-mother families and married couples with minor children where women play a fundamental role in managing budgets that are not sufficient to meet the needs of the family. It then examines the condition of older women, showing how, within a framework of a general capacity of the Italian welfare system to protect older people, they are at risk of poverty due to their past weakness in the labor market and to longevity that is often accompanied by a loss of self-sufficiency. The chapter also examines immigrant women, distinguishing between lone mothers living with their children in Italy and “long distance” lone mothers, who provide for the subsistence of their children and other members of their family through remittances.Less
This chapter examines women's poverty in Italy. It first describes some of the structural conditions that contribute to the main risks of poverty for women, such as their exclusion from the labor market and the absence of policies to support the cost of children; costs in terms of both time and economic resources. It then reviews the conditions of different types of poor families and the social policies that contribute to, or alleviate, poverty. It first considers lone-mother families and married couples with minor children where women play a fundamental role in managing budgets that are not sufficient to meet the needs of the family. It then examines the condition of older women, showing how, within a framework of a general capacity of the Italian welfare system to protect older people, they are at risk of poverty due to their past weakness in the labor market and to longevity that is often accompanied by a loss of self-sufficiency. The chapter also examines immigrant women, distinguishing between lone mothers living with their children in Italy and “long distance” lone mothers, who provide for the subsistence of their children and other members of their family through remittances.
HAROLD L. WILENSKY
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520231764
- eISBN:
- 9780520928336
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520231764.003.0008
- Subject:
- Sociology, Comparative and Historical Sociology
This chapter examines the problems in the welfare system in the U.S. It argues that there is no evidence to support the American stereotype of an epidemic of young teenage sexuality, teenage ...
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This chapter examines the problems in the welfare system in the U.S. It argues that there is no evidence to support the American stereotype of an epidemic of young teenage sexuality, teenage pregnancy, and early parenthood and shows that welfare benefits in the U.S. are anything but generous. Cross-national comparisons reveal that the most powerful proximate causes of teenage pregnancy and birth rates are poverty, especially deep poverty, inequality, and great distance between the rich and the poor.Less
This chapter examines the problems in the welfare system in the U.S. It argues that there is no evidence to support the American stereotype of an epidemic of young teenage sexuality, teenage pregnancy, and early parenthood and shows that welfare benefits in the U.S. are anything but generous. Cross-national comparisons reveal that the most powerful proximate causes of teenage pregnancy and birth rates are poverty, especially deep poverty, inequality, and great distance between the rich and the poor.
David F. Crew
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195053111
- eISBN:
- 9780199854479
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195053111.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter examines the history of the Weimar welfare system from the following perspectives: national, regional, local, and individual. In order to understand the meaning of the German Welfare ...
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This chapter examines the history of the Weimar welfare system from the following perspectives: national, regional, local, and individual. In order to understand the meaning of the German Welfare State, one has to look towards the history of modern Germany. It has been recognized that it is hard to link a single strand in the history of the German welfare state since Bismarck because Germany failed to establish a stable, liberal parliamentary system of government, a democratic political culture, or an egalitarian civil society. Thus, the new German industrial nation allied with the Prussian aristocracy and the authoritarian German state to resist the forces of democracy. The welfare state became a central fixture of Germany's 20th-century modernity. The public welfare system touched the lives of Weimar Germans because the only means of assistance during the great period of inflation and the Depression was public welfare.Less
This chapter examines the history of the Weimar welfare system from the following perspectives: national, regional, local, and individual. In order to understand the meaning of the German Welfare State, one has to look towards the history of modern Germany. It has been recognized that it is hard to link a single strand in the history of the German welfare state since Bismarck because Germany failed to establish a stable, liberal parliamentary system of government, a democratic political culture, or an egalitarian civil society. Thus, the new German industrial nation allied with the Prussian aristocracy and the authoritarian German state to resist the forces of democracy. The welfare state became a central fixture of Germany's 20th-century modernity. The public welfare system touched the lives of Weimar Germans because the only means of assistance during the great period of inflation and the Depression was public welfare.
Tarja Pösö
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199793358
- eISBN:
- 9780199895137
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199793358.003.0006
- Subject:
- Social Work, Social Policy
Over a period of ten years or so, the Finnish child welfare system has moved from family centered policy and practice towards a more child centered orientation. Since 1995, the scope of child welfare ...
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Over a period of ten years or so, the Finnish child welfare system has moved from family centered policy and practice towards a more child centered orientation. Since 1995, the scope of child welfare has expanded and the number of children taken into in-home or out-of-home services has increased significantly. The Child Welfare Act, introduced in 2008, is an important landmark. The policy changes are seen as reflections of a strengthened emphasis on children’s rights, and, on the other hand, of a social investment in childhood and a more control-focused family and childhood ideology. The concepts of child abuse and neglect are widely defined; youth delinquency is still a part of the child welfare system which may be seen in the large numbers of teenagers in the child welfare system. This period of ten years has also been marked by changes in professional practices and in the administrative context of child welfare.Less
Over a period of ten years or so, the Finnish child welfare system has moved from family centered policy and practice towards a more child centered orientation. Since 1995, the scope of child welfare has expanded and the number of children taken into in-home or out-of-home services has increased significantly. The Child Welfare Act, introduced in 2008, is an important landmark. The policy changes are seen as reflections of a strengthened emphasis on children’s rights, and, on the other hand, of a social investment in childhood and a more control-focused family and childhood ideology. The concepts of child abuse and neglect are widely defined; youth delinquency is still a part of the child welfare system which may be seen in the large numbers of teenagers in the child welfare system. This period of ten years has also been marked by changes in professional practices and in the administrative context of child welfare.
