John A. Dixon
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199240708
- eISBN:
- 9780191718106
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199240708.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
The concept of ‘watershed management’ combines two things, namely managing the physical aspects of water resources and managing the socio-economic systems. The problem of watershed management has ...
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The concept of ‘watershed management’ combines two things, namely managing the physical aspects of water resources and managing the socio-economic systems. The problem of watershed management has mixed impacts, mixed institutional jurisdictions, and mixed signals as to what are benefits and costs. An integrated and multi-disciplinary approach is needed. Understanding the sociology of watersheds is crucial because in many cases, groups and communities inhabiting the upper watersheds tend to be both physically and politically remote, and tend to be outside the national mainstream. Increased public participation is essential, but more needs to be done to focus on the role of mountain communities. Economic analysis of watersheds focuses on the measurement and monetary valuation of various activities of interest within the watershed. The chapter uses case studies and examples to illustrate these issues and discusses some policy implications.Less
The concept of ‘watershed management’ combines two things, namely managing the physical aspects of water resources and managing the socio-economic systems. The problem of watershed management has mixed impacts, mixed institutional jurisdictions, and mixed signals as to what are benefits and costs. An integrated and multi-disciplinary approach is needed. Understanding the sociology of watersheds is crucial because in many cases, groups and communities inhabiting the upper watersheds tend to be both physically and politically remote, and tend to be outside the national mainstream. Increased public participation is essential, but more needs to be done to focus on the role of mountain communities. Economic analysis of watersheds focuses on the measurement and monetary valuation of various activities of interest within the watershed. The chapter uses case studies and examples to illustrate these issues and discusses some policy implications.
Richard D. Margerum
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262015813
- eISBN:
- 9780262298605
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262015813.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
Collaborative approaches are increasingly common across a range of governance and policy areas. Single-issue, single-organization solutions often prove ineffective for complex, contentious, and ...
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Collaborative approaches are increasingly common across a range of governance and policy areas. Single-issue, single-organization solutions often prove ineffective for complex, contentious, and diffuse problems. Collaborative efforts allow cross-jurisdictional governance and policy, involving groups that may operate on different decision-making levels. This book examines the full range of collaborative enterprises in natural resource management, urban planning, and environmental policy. The author explains the pros and cons of collaborative approaches, develops methods to test their effectiveness, and identifies ways to improve their implementation and results. Drawing on extensive case studies of collaboration in the United States and Australia, he shows that collaboration is not just about developing a strategy but also about creating and sustaining arrangements which can support collaborative implementation. The book outlines a typology of collaborative efforts and a typology of networks to support implementation, and uses them to explain the factors that are likely to make collaborations successful, as well as examining the implications for participants. The case studies range from watershed management to transportation planning and include both successes and failures; they also offer lessons in collaboration that make the book suited for classroom use. Additionally, the book, which is designed to help practitioners evaluate and improve collaborative efforts at any phase, has a theoretical framework that provides scholars with a means to assess the effectiveness of collaboration and explain its ability to achieve results.Less
Collaborative approaches are increasingly common across a range of governance and policy areas. Single-issue, single-organization solutions often prove ineffective for complex, contentious, and diffuse problems. Collaborative efforts allow cross-jurisdictional governance and policy, involving groups that may operate on different decision-making levels. This book examines the full range of collaborative enterprises in natural resource management, urban planning, and environmental policy. The author explains the pros and cons of collaborative approaches, develops methods to test their effectiveness, and identifies ways to improve their implementation and results. Drawing on extensive case studies of collaboration in the United States and Australia, he shows that collaboration is not just about developing a strategy but also about creating and sustaining arrangements which can support collaborative implementation. The book outlines a typology of collaborative efforts and a typology of networks to support implementation, and uses them to explain the factors that are likely to make collaborations successful, as well as examining the implications for participants. The case studies range from watershed management to transportation planning and include both successes and failures; they also offer lessons in collaboration that make the book suited for classroom use. Additionally, the book, which is designed to help practitioners evaluate and improve collaborative efforts at any phase, has a theoretical framework that provides scholars with a means to assess the effectiveness of collaboration and explain its ability to achieve results.
Ashley Carse
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780262028110
- eISBN:
- 9780262320467
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262028110.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This chapter examines the history and politics of watershed management around the Panama Canal. It situates the emergence of canal-related water scarcity concerns and the new administrative ...
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This chapter examines the history and politics of watershed management around the Panama Canal. It situates the emergence of canal-related water scarcity concerns and the new administrative response—watershed management—within the historical context of the development of forest hydrology science, institutional tensions between civil engineers and foresters around water management, and the global dissemination of “watershed” as a concept. Drawing on archival and ethnographic research, the chapter explores the sociopolitical challenges and conflicts around establishing a new administrative watershed region across a space where the Panamanian state had previously pursued development through agriculture. Tensions between canal authorities and rural people have turned on the different ways that environments have been incorporated into transportation and agricultural infrastructures. Using a political ecology approach, the chapter argues that Panamanian forests were transformed into naturalinfrastructure through the organizational work of linking rural landscapes with an engineered system and national and international institutions.Less
This chapter examines the history and politics of watershed management around the Panama Canal. It situates the emergence of canal-related water scarcity concerns and the new administrative response—watershed management—within the historical context of the development of forest hydrology science, institutional tensions between civil engineers and foresters around water management, and the global dissemination of “watershed” as a concept. Drawing on archival and ethnographic research, the chapter explores the sociopolitical challenges and conflicts around establishing a new administrative watershed region across a space where the Panamanian state had previously pursued development through agriculture. Tensions between canal authorities and rural people have turned on the different ways that environments have been incorporated into transportation and agricultural infrastructures. Using a political ecology approach, the chapter argues that Panamanian forests were transformed into naturalinfrastructure through the organizational work of linking rural landscapes with an engineered system and national and international institutions.
Mark Lubell, William D. Leach, and Paul A. Sabatier
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262134927
- eISBN:
- 9780262255523
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262134927.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
This chapter summarizes the current state of knowledge about the factors influencing the success of watershed partnerships. It begins by discussing a conceptual framework for watershed partnerships ...
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This chapter summarizes the current state of knowledge about the factors influencing the success of watershed partnerships. It begins by discussing a conceptual framework for watershed partnerships that identifies aspects of the collaborative process, participants, and context that may influence effectiveness. It then presents the findings from the watershed partnerships literature, focusing in depth on the National Estuary Program (NEP) study and the Watershed Partnership Project (WPP). The conceptual framework presented in this chapter receives further testing through a new set of parallel analyses of the NEP and WPP data. The framework and analysis were originally developed for a working paper commissioned by the National Research Council.Less
This chapter summarizes the current state of knowledge about the factors influencing the success of watershed partnerships. It begins by discussing a conceptual framework for watershed partnerships that identifies aspects of the collaborative process, participants, and context that may influence effectiveness. It then presents the findings from the watershed partnerships literature, focusing in depth on the National Estuary Program (NEP) study and the Watershed Partnership Project (WPP). The conceptual framework presented in this chapter receives further testing through a new set of parallel analyses of the NEP and WPP data. The framework and analysis were originally developed for a working paper commissioned by the National Research Council.
Anindita Sarkar
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780199458417
- eISBN:
- 9780199086757
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199458417.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
While watershed development programmes in India are increasingly being understood as an integrated approach for rural development, the rise in water demand combined with the decline in water supplies ...
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While watershed development programmes in India are increasingly being understood as an integrated approach for rural development, the rise in water demand combined with the decline in water supplies have seen commercialization of water in form of informal markets in rural India with respect to trade in irrigation water and urban water market in response to the need for safe drinking water and lack of piped water supply. To meet the demand for water in the future, communities will need to work to conserve and reallocate existing water resources. Thus researches on conservation of water become necessary to look into the issues of planning, management, regulatory and enforcement powers of government and communities to conserve water to reduce threats of scarcity and long term sustainability of water.Less
While watershed development programmes in India are increasingly being understood as an integrated approach for rural development, the rise in water demand combined with the decline in water supplies have seen commercialization of water in form of informal markets in rural India with respect to trade in irrigation water and urban water market in response to the need for safe drinking water and lack of piped water supply. To meet the demand for water in the future, communities will need to work to conserve and reallocate existing water resources. Thus researches on conservation of water become necessary to look into the issues of planning, management, regulatory and enforcement powers of government and communities to conserve water to reduce threats of scarcity and long term sustainability of water.
Craig M. Kauffman
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- December 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780190625733
- eISBN:
- 9780190625757
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190625733.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics, Environmental Politics
Chapter 3 provides the background context for examining grassroots global governance through the lens of Ecuador’s integrated watershed management reform attempts. The chapter first describes ...
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Chapter 3 provides the background context for examining grassroots global governance through the lens of Ecuador’s integrated watershed management reform attempts. The chapter first describes Ecuador’s fragmented, national system for managing watershed resources during the 1990s, when transnational coalitions formed to promote integrated watershed management reform globally. It then specifies what integrated watershed management looks like in practice, contrasts it with Ecuador’s pre-existing watershed management practices, and measures the degree to which the reforms were implemented in the book’s six case studies. In so doing, the chapter identifies both the cases where the grassroots global governance process endured through phase 2 and the points in the process where failed cases broke down. The final section describes the different local contexts where reforms were pursued and the local actors involved. It shows that success and failure does not correlate with local political, socioeconomic, cultural, demographic, or ecological conditions.Less
Chapter 3 provides the background context for examining grassroots global governance through the lens of Ecuador’s integrated watershed management reform attempts. The chapter first describes Ecuador’s fragmented, national system for managing watershed resources during the 1990s, when transnational coalitions formed to promote integrated watershed management reform globally. It then specifies what integrated watershed management looks like in practice, contrasts it with Ecuador’s pre-existing watershed management practices, and measures the degree to which the reforms were implemented in the book’s six case studies. In so doing, the chapter identifies both the cases where the grassroots global governance process endured through phase 2 and the points in the process where failed cases broke down. The final section describes the different local contexts where reforms were pursued and the local actors involved. It shows that success and failure does not correlate with local political, socioeconomic, cultural, demographic, or ecological conditions.
Craig M. Kauffman
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- December 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780190625733
- eISBN:
- 9780190625757
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190625733.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics, Environmental Politics
Chapter 5 examines phase 1 of grassroots global governance from the local perspective. It compares the degree to which national network activation for integrated watershed management reached the six ...
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Chapter 5 examines phase 1 of grassroots global governance from the local perspective. It compares the degree to which national network activation for integrated watershed management reached the six case studies and shows how this variation determined the prospects for reform during phase 2. In localities touched by national network activation during phase 1, this network activation facilitated the formation of strong, local coalitions and created propitious conditions for quickly mobilizing support among local stakeholders. By contrast, when localities were untouched by national network activation during phase 1, subsequent coalitions faced relatively closed local opportunity structures. To illustrate this, the chapter traces the transition from phase 1 to phase 2 in two similar Andean cases: one where national network activation created propitious local conditions for subsequent successful integrated watershed management reform (Celica) and one where the lack of national network activation undermined subsequent local reform efforts (Ibarra).Less
Chapter 5 examines phase 1 of grassroots global governance from the local perspective. It compares the degree to which national network activation for integrated watershed management reached the six case studies and shows how this variation determined the prospects for reform during phase 2. In localities touched by national network activation during phase 1, this network activation facilitated the formation of strong, local coalitions and created propitious conditions for quickly mobilizing support among local stakeholders. By contrast, when localities were untouched by national network activation during phase 1, subsequent coalitions faced relatively closed local opportunity structures. To illustrate this, the chapter traces the transition from phase 1 to phase 2 in two similar Andean cases: one where national network activation created propitious local conditions for subsequent successful integrated watershed management reform (Celica) and one where the lack of national network activation undermined subsequent local reform efforts (Ibarra).
Neil Sugihara (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520246058
- eISBN:
- 9780520932272
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520246058.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology
Fires are both an integral natural process in the California landscape and growing threat to its urban and suburban developments as they encroach on wildlands. This book synthesizes knowledge of the ...
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Fires are both an integral natural process in the California landscape and growing threat to its urban and suburban developments as they encroach on wildlands. This book synthesizes knowledge of the science, ecology, and management of fire in California. Part I introduces the basics of fire ecology. It includes an historical overview of fire, vegetation, and climate in California; overviews of fire as a physical and ecological process; and reviews the interactions between fire and the physical, plant, and animal components of the environment. Part II explores the history and ecology of fire in each of California’s nine bioregions. Part III examines fire management in California, including both Native American and post-European settlement; discusses current issues related to fire policy and management, including air quality, watershed management, invasive plant species, native species, and fuel management; and considers the future of fire management.Less
Fires are both an integral natural process in the California landscape and growing threat to its urban and suburban developments as they encroach on wildlands. This book synthesizes knowledge of the science, ecology, and management of fire in California. Part I introduces the basics of fire ecology. It includes an historical overview of fire, vegetation, and climate in California; overviews of fire as a physical and ecological process; and reviews the interactions between fire and the physical, plant, and animal components of the environment. Part II explores the history and ecology of fire in each of California’s nine bioregions. Part III examines fire management in California, including both Native American and post-European settlement; discusses current issues related to fire policy and management, including air quality, watershed management, invasive plant species, native species, and fuel management; and considers the future of fire management.
Craig M. Kauffman
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- December 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780190625733
- eISBN:
- 9780190625757
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190625733.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics, Environmental Politics
Chapter 4 examines phase 1 of grassroots global governance theory, which explains why some versions of global ideas like integrated watershed management diffuse domestically while others do not. It ...
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Chapter 4 examines phase 1 of grassroots global governance theory, which explains why some versions of global ideas like integrated watershed management diffuse domestically while others do not. It describes three transnational networks promoting integrated watershed management in Ecuador, each linked to one of three main nodes for global organizing: the World Bank, FAO, and the UNDP. Each network advanced different policies reflecting different institutional goals and approaches to integrated watershed management. The chapter compares each network’s ability to expand domestically through network activation, thereby diffusing their preferred policies to the local level. It shows how Ecuador’s national context acted as a filter, empowering some networks and disempowering others, which influenced how integrated watershed management was defined and operationalized domestically. The chapter highlights the importance of Ecuadorian brokers who activated national networks of domestic advocates and adapted global principles to navigate Ecuador’s national context and shift contestation to local arenas.Less
Chapter 4 examines phase 1 of grassroots global governance theory, which explains why some versions of global ideas like integrated watershed management diffuse domestically while others do not. It describes three transnational networks promoting integrated watershed management in Ecuador, each linked to one of three main nodes for global organizing: the World Bank, FAO, and the UNDP. Each network advanced different policies reflecting different institutional goals and approaches to integrated watershed management. The chapter compares each network’s ability to expand domestically through network activation, thereby diffusing their preferred policies to the local level. It shows how Ecuador’s national context acted as a filter, empowering some networks and disempowering others, which influenced how integrated watershed management was defined and operationalized domestically. The chapter highlights the importance of Ecuadorian brokers who activated national networks of domestic advocates and adapted global principles to navigate Ecuador’s national context and shift contestation to local arenas.
Craig M. Kauffman
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- December 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780190625733
- eISBN:
- 9780190625757
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190625733.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics, Environmental Politics
Chapter 7 traces Tungurahua’s integrated watershed management reform process to show how network activation strategies interact during phase 2 of grassroots global governance. Transnational ...
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Chapter 7 traces Tungurahua’s integrated watershed management reform process to show how network activation strategies interact during phase 2 of grassroots global governance. Transnational integrated watershed management networks expanded to Tungurahua by training local knowledge communities and organizing them through linking institutions, producing a local integrated watershed management coalition. Network capacity building incorporated many local stakeholder groups into the reform process. However, a counter-framing strategy and technical approach to rule making led local stakeholders to reject proposed institutions, causing reform efforts to break down at the rule-making stage. Advocates reactivated local stakeholder networks and achieved success after switching to a frame-displacement strategy and participatory approach to rule making. Local brokers—grassroots coalition members—guided this change in strategy, illustrating why they assume leading roles in transnational governance networks during phase 2. Grassroots actors used their power to contest, translate, and adapt integrated watershed management principles and to experiment with innovative institutions that fit local norms and stakeholder interests.Less
Chapter 7 traces Tungurahua’s integrated watershed management reform process to show how network activation strategies interact during phase 2 of grassroots global governance. Transnational integrated watershed management networks expanded to Tungurahua by training local knowledge communities and organizing them through linking institutions, producing a local integrated watershed management coalition. Network capacity building incorporated many local stakeholder groups into the reform process. However, a counter-framing strategy and technical approach to rule making led local stakeholders to reject proposed institutions, causing reform efforts to break down at the rule-making stage. Advocates reactivated local stakeholder networks and achieved success after switching to a frame-displacement strategy and participatory approach to rule making. Local brokers—grassroots coalition members—guided this change in strategy, illustrating why they assume leading roles in transnational governance networks during phase 2. Grassroots actors used their power to contest, translate, and adapt integrated watershed management principles and to experiment with innovative institutions that fit local norms and stakeholder interests.
Craig M. Kauffman
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- December 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780190625733
- eISBN:
- 9780190625757
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190625733.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics, Environmental Politics
Chapter 6 examines phase 2 of grassroots global governance, showing how variation in framing and network capacity-building strategies explains not only which local integrated watershed management ...
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Chapter 6 examines phase 2 of grassroots global governance, showing how variation in framing and network capacity-building strategies explains not only which local integrated watershed management reform processes endured, but also the stage at which failed cases broke down. After presenting the results of frame and social network analysis for all six cases, the chapter traces El Chaco’s reform process. It illustrates how successful coalitions combined a frame-displacement strategy with high levels of network capacity building (e.g., training local knowledge communities; creating new linking and governance institutions) to produce the simultaneous, mutual pressure “from beside” among local stakeholder groups needed to sustain the reform processes. Pastaza shows how a counter-framing strategy and low levels of capacity building produce breakdown at the initial agenda setting stage. In Tungurahua, a counter-framing strategy and high capacity building produced breakdown during rule making. In Zamora, a frame-displacement strategy and low capacity building produced breakdown during implementation.Less
Chapter 6 examines phase 2 of grassroots global governance, showing how variation in framing and network capacity-building strategies explains not only which local integrated watershed management reform processes endured, but also the stage at which failed cases broke down. After presenting the results of frame and social network analysis for all six cases, the chapter traces El Chaco’s reform process. It illustrates how successful coalitions combined a frame-displacement strategy with high levels of network capacity building (e.g., training local knowledge communities; creating new linking and governance institutions) to produce the simultaneous, mutual pressure “from beside” among local stakeholder groups needed to sustain the reform processes. Pastaza shows how a counter-framing strategy and low levels of capacity building produce breakdown at the initial agenda setting stage. In Tungurahua, a counter-framing strategy and high capacity building produced breakdown during rule making. In Zamora, a frame-displacement strategy and low capacity building produced breakdown during implementation.
Craig M. Kauffman
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- December 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780190625733
- eISBN:
- 9780190625757
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190625733.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics, Environmental Politics
Chapter 1 presents two research questions: (1) absent global agreement to address global problems, how do things nonetheless get done, and (2) how do ideas regarding the best way to tackle global ...
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Chapter 1 presents two research questions: (1) absent global agreement to address global problems, how do things nonetheless get done, and (2) how do ideas regarding the best way to tackle global problems evolve? The chapter summarizes the book’s main arguments and the implications for understanding how global governance is constructed. By analyzing the political struggles at the intersection of top-down and bottom-up norm diffusion processes, the book reveals (1) how global and local governance arrangements are co-constituted at the grassroots level, and (2) the importance of grassroots actors absent in most analyses. The chapter describes the formation of transnational networks to promote Integrated Watershed Management globally and explains why this provides a useful lens for analyzing the nexus between global and local governance. Finally, the chapter highlights two important features that become visible by analyzing contestation over global ideas at the local level: pressure from “beside” and local experimentation.Less
Chapter 1 presents two research questions: (1) absent global agreement to address global problems, how do things nonetheless get done, and (2) how do ideas regarding the best way to tackle global problems evolve? The chapter summarizes the book’s main arguments and the implications for understanding how global governance is constructed. By analyzing the political struggles at the intersection of top-down and bottom-up norm diffusion processes, the book reveals (1) how global and local governance arrangements are co-constituted at the grassroots level, and (2) the importance of grassroots actors absent in most analyses. The chapter describes the formation of transnational networks to promote Integrated Watershed Management globally and explains why this provides a useful lens for analyzing the nexus between global and local governance. Finally, the chapter highlights two important features that become visible by analyzing contestation over global ideas at the local level: pressure from “beside” and local experimentation.
Philippe Cullet and Sujith Koonan (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780199472475
- eISBN:
- 9780199089857
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780199472475.003.0007
- Subject:
- Law, Environmental and Energy Law
This chapter focuses on environmental dimensions of water. The first section of this chapter reproduces general environmental law instruments relevant in the context of protection and conservation of ...
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This chapter focuses on environmental dimensions of water. The first section of this chapter reproduces general environmental law instruments relevant in the context of protection and conservation of water and related ecosystem. This is followed by a section on environmental law instruments that specifically address the issues of water pollution and water quality. Protection and conservation of water requires regulation of a number of activities that affect water bodies and thus the fourth section captures regulation of activities in catchment areas and regulation of activities that particularly and directly affects water—for example sand mining. Protection and conservation of water also requires augmentation measures and measures to ensure optimal use of water. The fourth and fifth section, thus, focuses two such measures, rainwater harvesting and recycle and re-use of wastewater.Less
This chapter focuses on environmental dimensions of water. The first section of this chapter reproduces general environmental law instruments relevant in the context of protection and conservation of water and related ecosystem. This is followed by a section on environmental law instruments that specifically address the issues of water pollution and water quality. Protection and conservation of water requires regulation of a number of activities that affect water bodies and thus the fourth section captures regulation of activities in catchment areas and regulation of activities that particularly and directly affects water—for example sand mining. Protection and conservation of water also requires augmentation measures and measures to ensure optimal use of water. The fourth and fifth section, thus, focuses two such measures, rainwater harvesting and recycle and re-use of wastewater.
Ashley Carse
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780262028110
- eISBN:
- 9780262320467
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262028110.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This book traces the water that flows into and out from the Panama Canal to explain how global shipping is entangled with Panama’s cultural and physical landscapes. By following container ships as ...
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This book traces the water that flows into and out from the Panama Canal to explain how global shipping is entangled with Panama’s cultural and physical landscapes. By following container ships as they travel downstream along maritime routes and tracing rivers upstream across the populated watershed that feeds the canal, it explores the politics of environmental management around a waterway that links faraway ports and markets to nearby farms, forests, cities, and rural communities. The book draws on a wide range of ethnographic and archival material to show the social and ecological implications of transportation across Panama. The canal moves ships over an aquatic staircase of locks that demand an enormous amount of fresh water from the surrounding region. Each passing ship drains 52 million gallons out to sea—a volume comparable to the daily water use of half a million Panamanians. The book argues that infrastructures like the Panama Canal do not simply conquer nature; they rework ecologies in ways that serve specific political and economic priorities. Interweaving histories that range from the depopulation of the US Canal Zone a century ago to road construction conflicts and water hyacinth invasions in canal waters, the book illuminates the human and nonhuman actors that have come together at the margins of the famous trade route. Beyond the Big Ditch calls us to consider how infrastructures are simultaneously linked to global networks and embedded in places, giving rise to political ecologies with winners and losers who are connected across great distances.Less
This book traces the water that flows into and out from the Panama Canal to explain how global shipping is entangled with Panama’s cultural and physical landscapes. By following container ships as they travel downstream along maritime routes and tracing rivers upstream across the populated watershed that feeds the canal, it explores the politics of environmental management around a waterway that links faraway ports and markets to nearby farms, forests, cities, and rural communities. The book draws on a wide range of ethnographic and archival material to show the social and ecological implications of transportation across Panama. The canal moves ships over an aquatic staircase of locks that demand an enormous amount of fresh water from the surrounding region. Each passing ship drains 52 million gallons out to sea—a volume comparable to the daily water use of half a million Panamanians. The book argues that infrastructures like the Panama Canal do not simply conquer nature; they rework ecologies in ways that serve specific political and economic priorities. Interweaving histories that range from the depopulation of the US Canal Zone a century ago to road construction conflicts and water hyacinth invasions in canal waters, the book illuminates the human and nonhuman actors that have come together at the margins of the famous trade route. Beyond the Big Ditch calls us to consider how infrastructures are simultaneously linked to global networks and embedded in places, giving rise to political ecologies with winners and losers who are connected across great distances.
Craig M Kauffman
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- December 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780190625733
- eISBN:
- 9780190625757
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190625733.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics, Environmental Politics
When international agreements fail to solve global problems like climate change, transnational networks attempt to address them by applying global best practices, like Integrated Watershed ...
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When international agreements fail to solve global problems like climate change, transnational networks attempt to address them by applying global best practices, like Integrated Watershed Management, locally around the world. Grassroots Global Governance uses nodal governance theory to explain why some efforts succeed and others fail, but also why the process of implementing global ideas locally causes them to evolve. Transnational actors’ success in implementing global ideas depends on the strategies they use to activate networks of grassroots actors influential in local social and policy arenas. Yet, grassroots actors neither accept nor reject global ideas as presented by outsiders. Instead, they negotiate how to adapt them to fit local conditions. This contestation produces experimentation with unique institutional applications of a global idea infused with local norms and practices. Local experiments that endure are perceived as successful, allowing those involved to activate transnational networks to scale up and diffuse innovative local governance models globally. These models carry local norms and practices to the international level where they challenge existing global approaches. By guiding the way global ideas evolve through local experimentation, grassroots actors reshape international actors’ discourse, organizing, and the strategies they pursue globally. This makes them grassroots global governors. To demonstrate this, the book compares transnational efforts to implement local Integrated Watershed Management programs across Ecuador and shows how local experiments altered the global debate over how to conceptualize and implement sustainable development. In doing so, the book reveals the grassroots level as a terrain where global governance is constructed.Less
When international agreements fail to solve global problems like climate change, transnational networks attempt to address them by applying global best practices, like Integrated Watershed Management, locally around the world. Grassroots Global Governance uses nodal governance theory to explain why some efforts succeed and others fail, but also why the process of implementing global ideas locally causes them to evolve. Transnational actors’ success in implementing global ideas depends on the strategies they use to activate networks of grassroots actors influential in local social and policy arenas. Yet, grassroots actors neither accept nor reject global ideas as presented by outsiders. Instead, they negotiate how to adapt them to fit local conditions. This contestation produces experimentation with unique institutional applications of a global idea infused with local norms and practices. Local experiments that endure are perceived as successful, allowing those involved to activate transnational networks to scale up and diffuse innovative local governance models globally. These models carry local norms and practices to the international level where they challenge existing global approaches. By guiding the way global ideas evolve through local experimentation, grassroots actors reshape international actors’ discourse, organizing, and the strategies they pursue globally. This makes them grassroots global governors. To demonstrate this, the book compares transnational efforts to implement local Integrated Watershed Management programs across Ecuador and shows how local experiments altered the global debate over how to conceptualize and implement sustainable development. In doing so, the book reveals the grassroots level as a terrain where global governance is constructed.
