Malin Falkenmark
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199240692
- eISBN:
- 9780191714269
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199240692.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter attempts to integrate population growth, environment, and development, taking as its starting point that fact that the water-cycle may be seen as the central clockwork of the biosphere. ...
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This chapter attempts to integrate population growth, environment, and development, taking as its starting point that fact that the water-cycle may be seen as the central clockwork of the biosphere. After discussing how the water cycle can be seen as the propagator of various disturbances, the chapter focuses on causes of water scarcity. Genuine water scarcity is hydro-climatically defined, whereas ‘man-induced’ scarcity is a manifestation of scarcity the causes of which can be traced back to human actions. The main argument of this chapter is that water scarcity is essentially a problem of population growth. The tremendous threat induced by uncontrolled population growth is that increased population will produce more waste, but the per capita amount of water in which this waste may be diluted decreases. Therefore, population growth must be minimized. The avoidable part of that growth should be mitigated by child-spacing methods, and the unavoidable part of that growth should be met by decisive preparations for food and water security and improved waste handling in industry.Less
This chapter attempts to integrate population growth, environment, and development, taking as its starting point that fact that the water-cycle may be seen as the central clockwork of the biosphere. After discussing how the water cycle can be seen as the propagator of various disturbances, the chapter focuses on causes of water scarcity. Genuine water scarcity is hydro-climatically defined, whereas ‘man-induced’ scarcity is a manifestation of scarcity the causes of which can be traced back to human actions. The main argument of this chapter is that water scarcity is essentially a problem of population growth. The tremendous threat induced by uncontrolled population growth is that increased population will produce more waste, but the per capita amount of water in which this waste may be diluted decreases. Therefore, population growth must be minimized. The avoidable part of that growth should be mitigated by child-spacing methods, and the unavoidable part of that growth should be met by decisive preparations for food and water security and improved waste handling in industry.
ASHOK SWAIN
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198297390
- eISBN:
- 9780191685323
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198297390.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter examines the importance of water for human survival and economic development and the role of water scarcity as a source of crises or humanitarian emergencies. It mentions studies about ...
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This chapter examines the importance of water for human survival and economic development and the role of water scarcity as a source of crises or humanitarian emergencies. It mentions studies about water scarcity or water barrier which reveal that it is becoming a major problem in developing countries because of population growth and efforts towards rapid industrialization. The findings also suggests that the increasing number of water conflicts have a strong potential for violent escalation and water projects causing massive population displacement which increases the possibility of death and suffering for large numbers of the population, which in turn can lead to complex humanitarian emergencies.Less
This chapter examines the importance of water for human survival and economic development and the role of water scarcity as a source of crises or humanitarian emergencies. It mentions studies about water scarcity or water barrier which reveal that it is becoming a major problem in developing countries because of population growth and efforts towards rapid industrialization. The findings also suggests that the increasing number of water conflicts have a strong potential for violent escalation and water projects causing massive population displacement which increases the possibility of death and suffering for large numbers of the population, which in turn can lead to complex humanitarian emergencies.
Gay Hawkins, Emily Potter, and Kane Race
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780262029414
- eISBN:
- 9780262329521
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262029414.003.0005
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Environmental Studies
This chapter traces the interplay of water scarcity and water abundance in the development of bottled water markets in Chennai, India. This is a city without secure public water supply and with very ...
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This chapter traces the interplay of water scarcity and water abundance in the development of bottled water markets in Chennai, India. This is a city without secure public water supply and with very compromised groundwater and yet it is also the epicentre of India’s booming bottled water industry, with high rates of bottled water consumption across the whole socio-economic spectrum. The chapter follows bottled water in Chennai through its multiple lives as both a scourge and a source of available drinking water, enacting diverse water realities in the process. Bottled water markets are shown to be deeply implicated in the growth of water scarcity in Chennai and also, paradoxically, the apparent solution to this serious situation.Less
This chapter traces the interplay of water scarcity and water abundance in the development of bottled water markets in Chennai, India. This is a city without secure public water supply and with very compromised groundwater and yet it is also the epicentre of India’s booming bottled water industry, with high rates of bottled water consumption across the whole socio-economic spectrum. The chapter follows bottled water in Chennai through its multiple lives as both a scourge and a source of available drinking water, enacting diverse water realities in the process. Bottled water markets are shown to be deeply implicated in the growth of water scarcity in Chennai and also, paradoxically, the apparent solution to this serious situation.
Shlomi Dinar and Ariel Dinar
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780520283077
- eISBN:
- 9780520958906
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520283077.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This book provides an interdisciplinary approach for considering international water management under conditions of increased scarcity and variability (both present and future as a result of climate ...
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This book provides an interdisciplinary approach for considering international water management under conditions of increased scarcity and variability (both present and future as a result of climate change). The book applies a theory that is rooted in the disciplines of international relations and economics to the analysis of scarcity, variability, and cooperation over transboundary freshwater. It demonstrates the usefulness of the theory using global datasets of transbounary water bodies (documented treaties, water availability, water variability, water-related events) and in-depth case-studies of specific basins. By doing so, this book provides a framework that allows scholars and policy makers to reflect on various future scenarios and assess the impact of policy interventions on the regional and global level, with implications for conflict and cooperation. Finally, the book also considers strategies and other forms of incentives that help assuage conflict and motivate cooperation despite scarcity and variability.Less
This book provides an interdisciplinary approach for considering international water management under conditions of increased scarcity and variability (both present and future as a result of climate change). The book applies a theory that is rooted in the disciplines of international relations and economics to the analysis of scarcity, variability, and cooperation over transboundary freshwater. It demonstrates the usefulness of the theory using global datasets of transbounary water bodies (documented treaties, water availability, water variability, water-related events) and in-depth case-studies of specific basins. By doing so, this book provides a framework that allows scholars and policy makers to reflect on various future scenarios and assess the impact of policy interventions on the regional and global level, with implications for conflict and cooperation. Finally, the book also considers strategies and other forms of incentives that help assuage conflict and motivate cooperation despite scarcity and variability.
Dik Roth and Linden Vincent
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780198082927
- eISBN:
- 9780199082247
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198082927.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Science, Technology and Environment
In recent years we can see a growing pressure on land and water resources, increasing water scarcity, and intensifying competition between sectors, water uses, and water users. Processes of ...
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In recent years we can see a growing pressure on land and water resources, increasing water scarcity, and intensifying competition between sectors, water uses, and water users. Processes of socio-economic transformation in developing countries like India and Nepal often entail interventions in irrigated agriculture to increase efficiency, sustainability, or equity. These processes also generate societal debate about the advantages and disadvantages of modern engineering technology and ‘traditional’ or ‘farmer-managed’ irrigation systems. Dealing effectively with these issues and problems, it first requires an understanding of the complex interrelationships between the various dimensions of water control involved. The Introduction provides a critical perspective on the role of technology and institutions in and around irrigation in a context of rapid societal changes. It also introduces the case studies and the technologies, institutions, and socio-technical interactions they present.Less
In recent years we can see a growing pressure on land and water resources, increasing water scarcity, and intensifying competition between sectors, water uses, and water users. Processes of socio-economic transformation in developing countries like India and Nepal often entail interventions in irrigated agriculture to increase efficiency, sustainability, or equity. These processes also generate societal debate about the advantages and disadvantages of modern engineering technology and ‘traditional’ or ‘farmer-managed’ irrigation systems. Dealing effectively with these issues and problems, it first requires an understanding of the complex interrelationships between the various dimensions of water control involved. The Introduction provides a critical perspective on the role of technology and institutions in and around irrigation in a context of rapid societal changes. It also introduces the case studies and the technologies, institutions, and socio-technical interactions they present.
Mark New
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- June 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199677771
- eISBN:
- 9780191757235
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199677771.003.0007
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Chapter 7 explores the implications of continued population growth for water availability, particularly under the new stresses of climate change. Per capita water consumption mirrored population ...
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Chapter 7 explores the implications of continued population growth for water availability, particularly under the new stresses of climate change. Per capita water consumption mirrored population growth until 1945, and then increased sharply due to increased irrigation, urbanization, and expanding middle classes across the developed world. Since the 1980s, total demand has soared while per capita usage has declined, as behavioural change and government regulation have mitigated water stress in developed economies. In developing countries, meanwhile, the challenge continues to become more intense as income and population growth place growing stress on global water supplies and ecological balance. Climate change is predicted to make water scarcity ‘hotspots’ more widespread and more acute. The chapter concludes, however, that there is still hope: the virtual water trade; efficiency gains and water reuse; and a renewed drive for desalination powered by green energy, could ensure that there is adequate global water supply for generations to come, even if the planet is home to many more people.Less
Chapter 7 explores the implications of continued population growth for water availability, particularly under the new stresses of climate change. Per capita water consumption mirrored population growth until 1945, and then increased sharply due to increased irrigation, urbanization, and expanding middle classes across the developed world. Since the 1980s, total demand has soared while per capita usage has declined, as behavioural change and government regulation have mitigated water stress in developed economies. In developing countries, meanwhile, the challenge continues to become more intense as income and population growth place growing stress on global water supplies and ecological balance. Climate change is predicted to make water scarcity ‘hotspots’ more widespread and more acute. The chapter concludes, however, that there is still hope: the virtual water trade; efficiency gains and water reuse; and a renewed drive for desalination powered by green energy, could ensure that there is adequate global water supply for generations to come, even if the planet is home to many more people.
M. Dinesh Kumar
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- October 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198065364
- eISBN:
- 9780199081219
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198065364.003.0002
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter presents an estimate of water requirement in India from 1990 to 2025. The estimates are based on the premise that the water demand in some sectors would be driven by the long-term ...
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This chapter presents an estimate of water requirement in India from 1990 to 2025. The estimates are based on the premise that the water demand in some sectors would be driven by the long-term economic growth trends and demographic changes. The assessment of future water requirement involved estimation of domestic water requirements based on urban and rural population projections; agricultural water requirements based on projected demand for cereals and major agricultural produce; and industrial water demand based on projected industrial outputs in different sub-sectors of industrial economy for different time horizons.Less
This chapter presents an estimate of water requirement in India from 1990 to 2025. The estimates are based on the premise that the water demand in some sectors would be driven by the long-term economic growth trends and demographic changes. The assessment of future water requirement involved estimation of domestic water requirements based on urban and rural population projections; agricultural water requirements based on projected demand for cereals and major agricultural produce; and industrial water demand based on projected industrial outputs in different sub-sectors of industrial economy for different time horizons.
M. Dinesh Kumar
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- October 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198065364
- eISBN:
- 9780199081219
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198065364.003.0010
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter sums up the key findings of this study on water management problems in India. The findings reveal that very little is known about the nature and magnitude of water scarcity, the causes ...
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This chapter sums up the key findings of this study on water management problems in India. The findings reveal that very little is known about the nature and magnitude of water scarcity, the causes for such scarcity situation, and the kind of interventions that would be needed to avert the crisis. This chapter highlights a new water management paradigm and suggests that the best approach to deal with India's water management problems starts with generating a realistic scenario of future water demands and supplies, and assessing the type, nature, and magnitude of scarcity.Less
This chapter sums up the key findings of this study on water management problems in India. The findings reveal that very little is known about the nature and magnitude of water scarcity, the causes for such scarcity situation, and the kind of interventions that would be needed to avert the crisis. This chapter highlights a new water management paradigm and suggests that the best approach to deal with India's water management problems starts with generating a realistic scenario of future water demands and supplies, and assessing the type, nature, and magnitude of scarcity.
Shlomi Dinar and Ariel Dinar
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780520283077
- eISBN:
- 9780520958906
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520283077.003.0007
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter highlights several important empirical conclusions that emerge from the chapters of the book. First, the statistical analysis investigating the linkages among water availability ...
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This chapter highlights several important empirical conclusions that emerge from the chapters of the book. First, the statistical analysis investigating the linkages among water availability (measured as water quantity per capita) and variability of water supply and treaty-cooperation as well as the analysis investigating the type of institutions that contribute to treaty effectiveness in basins facing increased scarcity and variability support an inverted U-shape cooperation-scarcity/variability relationship. The chapter also discusses the role of several control variables that allow us to add nuance to the results and overall lessons for cooperation. Several conclusions emerge: we find little support for the claim that power asymmetry facilitates international cooperation. On the contrary, power asymmetry does not have a positive impact on treaty cooperation. We also find that incentives (which have been incorporated into existing treaties) such as financial transfers (often at the disposal of richer states) provide a better means for fostering international environmental cooperation between asymmetric parties. Both the quantitative empirical analysis and case-study investigation provide sufficient evidence to suggest that existing and future levels of scarcity and variability can be accommodated not only by institutions in and of themselves but likewise the mechanisms negotiated as part of these institutions.Less
This chapter highlights several important empirical conclusions that emerge from the chapters of the book. First, the statistical analysis investigating the linkages among water availability (measured as water quantity per capita) and variability of water supply and treaty-cooperation as well as the analysis investigating the type of institutions that contribute to treaty effectiveness in basins facing increased scarcity and variability support an inverted U-shape cooperation-scarcity/variability relationship. The chapter also discusses the role of several control variables that allow us to add nuance to the results and overall lessons for cooperation. Several conclusions emerge: we find little support for the claim that power asymmetry facilitates international cooperation. On the contrary, power asymmetry does not have a positive impact on treaty cooperation. We also find that incentives (which have been incorporated into existing treaties) such as financial transfers (often at the disposal of richer states) provide a better means for fostering international environmental cooperation between asymmetric parties. Both the quantitative empirical analysis and case-study investigation provide sufficient evidence to suggest that existing and future levels of scarcity and variability can be accommodated not only by institutions in and of themselves but likewise the mechanisms negotiated as part of these institutions.
Upmanu Lall
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199679362
- eISBN:
- 9780191758430
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199679362.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Reliable access to water is a primary constraint for agricultural productivity and hence for food security. This is a significant issue in the tropics and sub-tropics, especially in regions with a ...
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Reliable access to water is a primary constraint for agricultural productivity and hence for food security. This is a significant issue in the tropics and sub-tropics, especially in regions with a high population density. Increasing climate variability and population will exacerbate the solution. However, improved water productivity through better irrigation, water storage, tillage, crop selection, and genetic improvement in drought and salinity tolerance could lead to more than adequate food to support the expected demands for the next 20-30 years, without using any more water than today. Improvements in water allocation and pricing, agricultural extension and supply chain management to implement existing technologies and practices that can help achieve this goal will be needed to make this a practical reality. Addressing water scarcity due to climate change and variability and to groundwater depletion through better operation of dams and trade (virtual water) is essential.Less
Reliable access to water is a primary constraint for agricultural productivity and hence for food security. This is a significant issue in the tropics and sub-tropics, especially in regions with a high population density. Increasing climate variability and population will exacerbate the solution. However, improved water productivity through better irrigation, water storage, tillage, crop selection, and genetic improvement in drought and salinity tolerance could lead to more than adequate food to support the expected demands for the next 20-30 years, without using any more water than today. Improvements in water allocation and pricing, agricultural extension and supply chain management to implement existing technologies and practices that can help achieve this goal will be needed to make this a practical reality. Addressing water scarcity due to climate change and variability and to groundwater depletion through better operation of dams and trade (virtual water) is essential.
Mark L. Clifford
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231166089
- eISBN:
- 9780231539203
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231166089.003.0006
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter highlights three different actions that some governments and companies are taking in the face of water scarcity, deforestation, and other environmental challenges. The first is the Ayala ...
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This chapter highlights three different actions that some governments and companies are taking in the face of water scarcity, deforestation, and other environmental challenges. The first is the Ayala Group, one of the Philippines’s largest conglomerates. Building on its success, Ayala’s Manila Water subsidiary is partnering with the Philippine government and the Asian Development Bank to design a broader water-management strategy that seeks to protect watersheds and clean up the Pasig River running through central Manila. The second one is Singapore, a nation whose very existence is at risk because of a lack of water, has now emerged as a global leader in water treatment technology. Today, about one third of its water comes from treated wastewater. The third is Hong Kong-based Esquel, one of the world’s largest shirt makers, which has included water conservation and treatment as part of a hard-headed business approach that has led to both increased innovation and cost savings.Less
This chapter highlights three different actions that some governments and companies are taking in the face of water scarcity, deforestation, and other environmental challenges. The first is the Ayala Group, one of the Philippines’s largest conglomerates. Building on its success, Ayala’s Manila Water subsidiary is partnering with the Philippine government and the Asian Development Bank to design a broader water-management strategy that seeks to protect watersheds and clean up the Pasig River running through central Manila. The second one is Singapore, a nation whose very existence is at risk because of a lack of water, has now emerged as a global leader in water treatment technology. Today, about one third of its water comes from treated wastewater. The third is Hong Kong-based Esquel, one of the world’s largest shirt makers, which has included water conservation and treatment as part of a hard-headed business approach that has led to both increased innovation and cost savings.
Kenneth A. Reinert
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- June 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190499440
- eISBN:
- 9780190499471
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190499440.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter considers water as a basic good that satisfies critical basic human needs for drinking, hygiene, and food preparation. It considers the widespread nature of water deprivation and the ...
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This chapter considers water as a basic good that satisfies critical basic human needs for drinking, hygiene, and food preparation. It considers the widespread nature of water deprivation and the challenges of addressing this deprivation, including climate change, water shortages, and increased population growth. The chapter examines the subsistence right to water and the role of this right within the United Nations system of human rights. It also examines the relationship of water to food security and the industrial ecology of water. It takes up the issues of nanotechnology and desalination in helping to provide water as well as the critical issue of water storage. It concludes with a consideration of demand-side issues and water provisioning processes.Less
This chapter considers water as a basic good that satisfies critical basic human needs for drinking, hygiene, and food preparation. It considers the widespread nature of water deprivation and the challenges of addressing this deprivation, including climate change, water shortages, and increased population growth. The chapter examines the subsistence right to water and the role of this right within the United Nations system of human rights. It also examines the relationship of water to food security and the industrial ecology of water. It takes up the issues of nanotechnology and desalination in helping to provide water as well as the critical issue of water storage. It concludes with a consideration of demand-side issues and water provisioning processes.
Frank H. T. Rhodes
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801478239
- eISBN:
- 9780801466212
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801478239.003.0017
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Environmental Geography
This chapter examines water as a means of sustenance and explores its potentials for sustainability. Although water is a renewable resource, it is also a scarce resource in some areas where ...
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This chapter examines water as a means of sustenance and explores its potentials for sustainability. Although water is a renewable resource, it is also a scarce resource in some areas where population growth, growing industrialization, spreading urbanization, climate change, and increasing pollution have, between them, all contributed to mounting concerns for future water supplies. Water is the planet's most abundant resource, yet it is not everywhere plentiful, and one-fifth of Earth's population still lacks access to clean, cheap water. The chapter considers these paradoxes before transitioning the discussion into how and why water is used, how it is disposed of, and whether or not it can be recycled.Less
This chapter examines water as a means of sustenance and explores its potentials for sustainability. Although water is a renewable resource, it is also a scarce resource in some areas where population growth, growing industrialization, spreading urbanization, climate change, and increasing pollution have, between them, all contributed to mounting concerns for future water supplies. Water is the planet's most abundant resource, yet it is not everywhere plentiful, and one-fifth of Earth's population still lacks access to clean, cheap water. The chapter considers these paradoxes before transitioning the discussion into how and why water is used, how it is disposed of, and whether or not it can be recycled.
FRANCES STEWART
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198297390
- eISBN:
- 9780191685323
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198297390.003.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter explains the coverage of book, which is about the role war, hunger, and displacement as the main causes of humanitarian emergencies. This book examines the political and economic causes ...
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This chapter explains the coverage of book, which is about the role war, hunger, and displacement as the main causes of humanitarian emergencies. This book examines the political and economic causes of humanitarian emergencies, water scarcity as a source of crises, and the conflict over natural and environmental resources. It also discusses social costs and stabilization programmes related to humanitarian emergencies. It concludes that in every complex humanitarian emergency there is an interaction between factors, with group perceptions and identity, being enhanced by sharp group differentiation in political participation, economic assets and income and social access and well-being.Less
This chapter explains the coverage of book, which is about the role war, hunger, and displacement as the main causes of humanitarian emergencies. This book examines the political and economic causes of humanitarian emergencies, water scarcity as a source of crises, and the conflict over natural and environmental resources. It also discusses social costs and stabilization programmes related to humanitarian emergencies. It concludes that in every complex humanitarian emergency there is an interaction between factors, with group perceptions and identity, being enhanced by sharp group differentiation in political participation, economic assets and income and social access and well-being.
Ali El-Keblawy
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190916688
- eISBN:
- 9780190942984
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190916688.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, Middle Eastern Politics
Gulf states have paid too much effort toward the greening of cities and too little to fundamentally changing the way they see agricultural lands and deteriorated natural habitats. Most of the ...
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Gulf states have paid too much effort toward the greening of cities and too little to fundamentally changing the way they see agricultural lands and deteriorated natural habitats. Most of the greening programs prioritise techniques and interventions, such as introducing exotic plants, that are not adapted to the local environments. The result is that greening projects, especially those in deserts, have failed and proven unsustainable. This chapter discuss what the alternative -maintaining sustainable green desert landscapes- might look like. Proposed innovations include using native trees, instead of exotics, and introducing genetically modified crops designed to tolerate the abiotic stresses and salt tolerant plants (halophytes) to reduce the pressure on fresh water resourcesLess
Gulf states have paid too much effort toward the greening of cities and too little to fundamentally changing the way they see agricultural lands and deteriorated natural habitats. Most of the greening programs prioritise techniques and interventions, such as introducing exotic plants, that are not adapted to the local environments. The result is that greening projects, especially those in deserts, have failed and proven unsustainable. This chapter discuss what the alternative -maintaining sustainable green desert landscapes- might look like. Proposed innovations include using native trees, instead of exotics, and introducing genetically modified crops designed to tolerate the abiotic stresses and salt tolerant plants (halophytes) to reduce the pressure on fresh water resources
Leena Srivastava
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- June 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780198092346
- eISBN:
- 9780199082834
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198092346.003.0014
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter examines environmental challenges with respect to the major socio-economic sectors in South Asia and indicate some of the adaptation strategies required to face the challenges at both ...
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This chapter examines environmental challenges with respect to the major socio-economic sectors in South Asia and indicate some of the adaptation strategies required to face the challenges at both the sectoral and aggregate levels. It argues that high population density, degrading natural resources, water scarcity and water pollution, high levels of poverty and food insecurity make South Asia one of the most vulnerable regions with respect to the impact of climate change. The changes in precipitation, sea-level rise, glacial-cover reduction, and incidence of extreme events associated with climate change are likely to result in large-scale internal migration of people and render about 125 million migrants, homeless. In the face of the environmental crisis, the states of South Asia will need to cooperate with a new commitment and sense of urgency.Less
This chapter examines environmental challenges with respect to the major socio-economic sectors in South Asia and indicate some of the adaptation strategies required to face the challenges at both the sectoral and aggregate levels. It argues that high population density, degrading natural resources, water scarcity and water pollution, high levels of poverty and food insecurity make South Asia one of the most vulnerable regions with respect to the impact of climate change. The changes in precipitation, sea-level rise, glacial-cover reduction, and incidence of extreme events associated with climate change are likely to result in large-scale internal migration of people and render about 125 million migrants, homeless. In the face of the environmental crisis, the states of South Asia will need to cooperate with a new commitment and sense of urgency.
Amanda Ciafone
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814786437
- eISBN:
- 9780814786451
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814786437.003.0008
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
This chapter examines how India's activists employed transnational mobilization to protest Coca-Cola's exploitation of groundwater in the production of bottled drinks amid a growing national crisis ...
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This chapter examines how India's activists employed transnational mobilization to protest Coca-Cola's exploitation of groundwater in the production of bottled drinks amid a growing national crisis of water scarcity in the country. It describes this transnational activism as a powerful critique of corporate globalization and Indian neoliberalism as well as a stark reminder of the dispossession of the resources of the rural poor for consumption by those on the other side of a widening economic divide in India's new freer marketplace. It also considers how the activists' struggle for “water for life, not for profit,” launched via a network of disparate sites of protest against Coca-Cola and distant allies, transformed the symbolic capital of the company's heavily branded products and its corporate world system more generally.Less
This chapter examines how India's activists employed transnational mobilization to protest Coca-Cola's exploitation of groundwater in the production of bottled drinks amid a growing national crisis of water scarcity in the country. It describes this transnational activism as a powerful critique of corporate globalization and Indian neoliberalism as well as a stark reminder of the dispossession of the resources of the rural poor for consumption by those on the other side of a widening economic divide in India's new freer marketplace. It also considers how the activists' struggle for “water for life, not for profit,” launched via a network of disparate sites of protest against Coca-Cola and distant allies, transformed the symbolic capital of the company's heavily branded products and its corporate world system more generally.
William M. Alley and Rosemarie Alley
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780300220384
- eISBN:
- 9780300227550
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300220384.003.0004
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Nature
By almost any measure sub-Saharan Africa lacks even the most basic infrastructure to meet the needs of the almost one billion people living here. This chapter examines the links among water ...
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By almost any measure sub-Saharan Africa lacks even the most basic infrastructure to meet the needs of the almost one billion people living here. This chapter examines the links among water scarcity, poverty, and disease—and the potential of groundwater for mitigating these problems. The solution involves much more than the all too common approach of drilling a village well, installing a pump, and returning home. The chapter presents instructive stories of individuals who are doing it right, including capacity building.Less
By almost any measure sub-Saharan Africa lacks even the most basic infrastructure to meet the needs of the almost one billion people living here. This chapter examines the links among water scarcity, poverty, and disease—and the potential of groundwater for mitigating these problems. The solution involves much more than the all too common approach of drilling a village well, installing a pump, and returning home. The chapter presents instructive stories of individuals who are doing it right, including capacity building.
Ashley Carse
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780262028110
- eISBN:
- 9780262320467
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262028110.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This chapter examines the history and politics of watershed management around the Panama Canal. It situates the emergence of canal-related water scarcity concerns and the new administrative ...
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This chapter examines the history and politics of watershed management around the Panama Canal. It situates the emergence of canal-related water scarcity concerns and the new administrative response—watershed management—within the historical context of the development of forest hydrology science, institutional tensions between civil engineers and foresters around water management, and the global dissemination of “watershed” as a concept. Drawing on archival and ethnographic research, the chapter explores the sociopolitical challenges and conflicts around establishing a new administrative watershed region across a space where the Panamanian state had previously pursued development through agriculture. Tensions between canal authorities and rural people have turned on the different ways that environments have been incorporated into transportation and agricultural infrastructures. Using a political ecology approach, the chapter argues that Panamanian forests were transformed into naturalinfrastructure through the organizational work of linking rural landscapes with an engineered system and national and international institutions.Less
This chapter examines the history and politics of watershed management around the Panama Canal. It situates the emergence of canal-related water scarcity concerns and the new administrative response—watershed management—within the historical context of the development of forest hydrology science, institutional tensions between civil engineers and foresters around water management, and the global dissemination of “watershed” as a concept. Drawing on archival and ethnographic research, the chapter explores the sociopolitical challenges and conflicts around establishing a new administrative watershed region across a space where the Panamanian state had previously pursued development through agriculture. Tensions between canal authorities and rural people have turned on the different ways that environments have been incorporated into transportation and agricultural infrastructures. Using a political ecology approach, the chapter argues that Panamanian forests were transformed into naturalinfrastructure through the organizational work of linking rural landscapes with an engineered system and national and international institutions.
Richa Kumar
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780199465330
- eISBN:
- 9780199087013
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199465330.003.0002
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies, Science, Technology and Environment
This chapter is a historical overview which explores multiple, often competing, visions of development that are embodied in the yellow revolution from the perspective of a variety of actors that are ...
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This chapter is a historical overview which explores multiple, often competing, visions of development that are embodied in the yellow revolution from the perspective of a variety of actors that are associated with it. These range from alleviating protein malnutrition and bringing in dollars through export, to making India self-sufficient in edible oil. Contesting both state and market narratives of ‘bringing’ development to Malwa, this chapter introduces the role of the environment and other non-human actors in enabling soyabean to take root in Malwa. It further challenges this teleological language of development through an analysis of the gendered nature of access to the monetary benefits of soyabean, and by outlining the environmental challenges facing Malwa, especially severe water scarcity.Less
This chapter is a historical overview which explores multiple, often competing, visions of development that are embodied in the yellow revolution from the perspective of a variety of actors that are associated with it. These range from alleviating protein malnutrition and bringing in dollars through export, to making India self-sufficient in edible oil. Contesting both state and market narratives of ‘bringing’ development to Malwa, this chapter introduces the role of the environment and other non-human actors in enabling soyabean to take root in Malwa. It further challenges this teleological language of development through an analysis of the gendered nature of access to the monetary benefits of soyabean, and by outlining the environmental challenges facing Malwa, especially severe water scarcity.
