Steven Heine
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195160031
- eISBN:
- 9780199850273
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195160031.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Buddhism
It is said that in traditional Japan the samurai embraced Zen because it helped them to be fearless in adversity, to act quickly and decisively, and to keep focused on their ultimate goal. This book ...
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It is said that in traditional Japan the samurai embraced Zen because it helped them to be fearless in adversity, to act quickly and decisively, and to keep focused on their ultimate goal. This book shows how, by applying Zen principles in our working lives, we can achieve the same results for ourselves. The book describes the way Zen embraces two different yet harmonious paths. The Way of the Hermit teaches detachment—the mental clarity you need to view your situation dispassionately and impartially, to perceive who is an ally and who is a competitor, to understand what is possible and what is not. The Way of the Warrior teaches the ability to act without hesitation at the proper moment. Together, they can prepare you to meet the challenges of the modern professional world. This book offers a step-by-step approach to attaining these skills and applying them in daily life. Using real-world examples interwoven with sayings and stories from the Zen tradition, it shows how Zen can help in situations ranging from gaining a deserved promotion to overcoming obstacles that arise from a breakdown in teamwork. The book makes it clear that in Zen the path to personal success must be one that values integrity, respects every individual, emphasizes cooperation, and serves the goals of the larger group.Less
It is said that in traditional Japan the samurai embraced Zen because it helped them to be fearless in adversity, to act quickly and decisively, and to keep focused on their ultimate goal. This book shows how, by applying Zen principles in our working lives, we can achieve the same results for ourselves. The book describes the way Zen embraces two different yet harmonious paths. The Way of the Hermit teaches detachment—the mental clarity you need to view your situation dispassionately and impartially, to perceive who is an ally and who is a competitor, to understand what is possible and what is not. The Way of the Warrior teaches the ability to act without hesitation at the proper moment. Together, they can prepare you to meet the challenges of the modern professional world. This book offers a step-by-step approach to attaining these skills and applying them in daily life. Using real-world examples interwoven with sayings and stories from the Zen tradition, it shows how Zen can help in situations ranging from gaining a deserved promotion to overcoming obstacles that arise from a breakdown in teamwork. The book makes it clear that in Zen the path to personal success must be one that values integrity, respects every individual, emphasizes cooperation, and serves the goals of the larger group.
James W. Laine
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195141269
- eISBN:
- 9780199849543
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195141269.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Hinduism
The legend of Shivaji contains several narratives on his victories, raids, and escapes that always showcase his nobility and virtue. These stories are well known in Maharashtra, and they seem to ...
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The legend of Shivaji contains several narratives on his victories, raids, and escapes that always showcase his nobility and virtue. These stories are well known in Maharashtra, and they seem to point out how Shivaji is to be seen as an epitome as he possesses the region's utmost ideals. Shivaji is seen not just a man with profound courage and bravery but also as an administrator, someone who advocates social reform, a patriotic, and even as a mystic. This book attempts to understand the kind of hero Shivaji was in a Maharashtrian setting, and look into how the growth of this legend can be associated with Maharashtrian Hindu identity by examining the narrative of the legend, identifying clues of how Shivaji became an epic hero, and looking at the challenges that such a narrative may encounter.Less
The legend of Shivaji contains several narratives on his victories, raids, and escapes that always showcase his nobility and virtue. These stories are well known in Maharashtra, and they seem to point out how Shivaji is to be seen as an epitome as he possesses the region's utmost ideals. Shivaji is seen not just a man with profound courage and bravery but also as an administrator, someone who advocates social reform, a patriotic, and even as a mystic. This book attempts to understand the kind of hero Shivaji was in a Maharashtrian setting, and look into how the growth of this legend can be associated with Maharashtrian Hindu identity by examining the narrative of the legend, identifying clues of how Shivaji became an epic hero, and looking at the challenges that such a narrative may encounter.
Gil Loescher
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199246915
- eISBN:
- 9780191599781
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199246912.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
During the 1980s the global refugee population expanded rapidly as a result of regional conflicts and refugee crises in Indochina, Afghanistan, Central America, Horn of Africa, and southern Africa. ...
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During the 1980s the global refugee population expanded rapidly as a result of regional conflicts and refugee crises in Indochina, Afghanistan, Central America, Horn of Africa, and southern Africa. Huge care and maintenance programmes were established in nearby asylum countries under the auspices of the fifth High Commissioner, Poul Hartling. The global refugee total tripled and the UNHCR's budgets and programmes quintupled. The emphasis on aid delivery also reflected Western governments’ desire to assist refugee warrior communities fighting Soviet‐backed regimes, resulting in most refugee problems in regions of superpower conflict becoming protracted. At the same time asylum crises arose in Western Europe and North America.Less
During the 1980s the global refugee population expanded rapidly as a result of regional conflicts and refugee crises in Indochina, Afghanistan, Central America, Horn of Africa, and southern Africa. Huge care and maintenance programmes were established in nearby asylum countries under the auspices of the fifth High Commissioner, Poul Hartling. The global refugee total tripled and the UNHCR's budgets and programmes quintupled. The emphasis on aid delivery also reflected Western governments’ desire to assist refugee warrior communities fighting Soviet‐backed regimes, resulting in most refugee problems in regions of superpower conflict becoming protracted. At the same time asylum crises arose in Western Europe and North America.
Susan Niditch
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195181142
- eISBN:
- 9780199869671
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195181142.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
This chapter explores the nexus in Israelite culture between maleness, charisma, warrior status, and hair. Central to this chapter is a close reading of tales in Judges 13–16 about the superhero ...
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This chapter explores the nexus in Israelite culture between maleness, charisma, warrior status, and hair. Central to this chapter is a close reading of tales in Judges 13–16 about the superhero Samson, a Nazirite from birth. Themes of us versus them, Israelite versus Philistine, are in part created by images of hair. The chapter also includes a close philological analysis of Judges 5:2, an important line about warriors in an ancient poem, and a study of the long-haired, would-be hero Absalom, ambitious and rebellious son of King David, whose hair suggests charisma only to become a source and symbol of his undoing.Less
This chapter explores the nexus in Israelite culture between maleness, charisma, warrior status, and hair. Central to this chapter is a close reading of tales in Judges 13–16 about the superhero Samson, a Nazirite from birth. Themes of us versus them, Israelite versus Philistine, are in part created by images of hair. The chapter also includes a close philological analysis of Judges 5:2, an important line about warriors in an ancient poem, and a study of the long-haired, would-be hero Absalom, ambitious and rebellious son of King David, whose hair suggests charisma only to become a source and symbol of his undoing.
Paul Borgman
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195331608
- eISBN:
- 9780199868001
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195331608.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
The story's multiple introductions of David consist of four brilliantly clear vignettes that do not add up to any apparent coherence of character. The resulting complexity yields a mystery that ...
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The story's multiple introductions of David consist of four brilliantly clear vignettes that do not add up to any apparent coherence of character. The resulting complexity yields a mystery that contrasts sharply with what is an economically achieved clarity of character for Saul. First, the audience meets David, whom only God knows (1, 16.1‐13); again we meet David, brought before a troubled King Saul as a musical therapist (1, 16:14‐23); a third time for the audience—and second for Saul, David is introduced as a talkative warrior who is simultaneously pious and political (1, 17:1‐54); and finally, we find Saul asking who David is! (I, 17:55‐18:5). The first introduction to David sets the narrative tone: prophet Samuel is sent to anoint David—under the ruse of a sacrifice—but the seer sees wrongly in the selection process. Then, King Saul meets two very different Davids: a quiescent, responsive David followed by a politically ambitious and overtly pious David. Finally, a confused Saul asks David about his identity.Less
The story's multiple introductions of David consist of four brilliantly clear vignettes that do not add up to any apparent coherence of character. The resulting complexity yields a mystery that contrasts sharply with what is an economically achieved clarity of character for Saul. First, the audience meets David, whom only God knows (1, 16.1‐13); again we meet David, brought before a troubled King Saul as a musical therapist (1, 16:14‐23); a third time for the audience—and second for Saul, David is introduced as a talkative warrior who is simultaneously pious and political (1, 17:1‐54); and finally, we find Saul asking who David is! (I, 17:55‐18:5). The first introduction to David sets the narrative tone: prophet Samuel is sent to anoint David—under the ruse of a sacrifice—but the seer sees wrongly in the selection process. Then, King Saul meets two very different Davids: a quiescent, responsive David followed by a politically ambitious and overtly pious David. Finally, a confused Saul asks David about his identity.
Paul Borgman
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195331608
- eISBN:
- 9780199868001
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195331608.003.0009
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
The final four chapters of the Samuel text are arranged with no regard for proper chronology but with great care as a conclusion. Here we find a chiastic pattern of repetition (ring composition) that ...
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The final four chapters of the Samuel text are arranged with no regard for proper chronology but with great care as a conclusion. Here we find a chiastic pattern of repetition (ring composition) that gathers together and concludes major dramatic concerns of the whole story: contrast between Saul and David, particularly with respect to wrongdoing; David's leadership capacity (implicitly contrasted with Saul's); and, the happy synergy of David's God‐devotion and political acumen. This chapter deals with the middle two rings: Ring 2, David's Warriors & Leadership (II, 21:15‐22, echoed by Ring 2*, David's Warriors & Leadership (II, 23:8‐39); and Ring 3, Poem, God & Politics: Divine Assistance (II, 22:1‐51) echoed by Ring 3* Poem, God & Politics: Leadership (II, 23:1‐7).Less
The final four chapters of the Samuel text are arranged with no regard for proper chronology but with great care as a conclusion. Here we find a chiastic pattern of repetition (ring composition) that gathers together and concludes major dramatic concerns of the whole story: contrast between Saul and David, particularly with respect to wrongdoing; David's leadership capacity (implicitly contrasted with Saul's); and, the happy synergy of David's God‐devotion and political acumen. This chapter deals with the middle two rings: Ring 2, David's Warriors & Leadership (II, 21:15‐22, echoed by Ring 2*, David's Warriors & Leadership (II, 23:8‐39); and Ring 3, Poem, God & Politics: Divine Assistance (II, 22:1‐51) echoed by Ring 3* Poem, God & Politics: Leadership (II, 23:1‐7).
Bihani Sarkar
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780197266106
- eISBN:
- 9780191865213
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197266106.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Indian History
This book tells the story of Durgā, the buffalo-demon-slaying deity dear to Indic rulers, between the 3rd and the 12th centuries CE, as she transformed from a Vaiṣṇava, to a Śaiva and finally to a ...
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This book tells the story of Durgā, the buffalo-demon-slaying deity dear to Indic rulers, between the 3rd and the 12th centuries CE, as she transformed from a Vaiṣṇava, to a Śaiva and finally to a supreme deity, a concentrated power-source Śakti, in whom all divinities and dualities were thought to inhere and also to transcend. Reconstructed through mythology, liturgy, the belles lettres, ritual instructions, epigraphy, local legends of kingship, sculptural evidence and anthropological studies, the stages of this story illuminate an entire belief system concerning political power: warrior-centric goddess worship called heroic Śāktism in the book. The belief that a good king and a true warrior must worship the goddess Durgā, the form and substance of kingship, heroic Śāktism formed the bedrock of ancient Indian practices of cultivating political power. Wildly dangerous and serenely benevolent at one and the same time, the goddess's charismatic split nature promised rewards for a hero and king and success in risky ventures.
Fundamentally, the slow development of this deity cannot be disentangled from the narrative of the state in pre-modern India. Heroic Śāktism unfolded within a social landscape of conquest and competition, dependent on a monsoon economy in which harvests were unreliable and the appeasement of gods in control of environmental crises, foremost among whom was the goddess, was paramount. Its emergence is imbricated with the imperatives of state: military expansion, especially after the demise of the Gupta empire, the rise of local lineages, the assertion of regional cultic identities, the authorization of territorial ownership and the development of the regular ritual life of kingdoms. All these political processes involved Durgā at their very core. She was the prime symbol that communities used to articulate the shifts they underwent during the fluctuations of expansion and consolidation.
This story of the Goddess and political power is shown in three discrete but related parts. The first ‘Beginnings’ tracks a historical process by plotting the development of her cult from its early form in the Gupta period to its mature phase in the 11th century CE, when it had secured more robust patronage, and by showing the sectarian appropriations and consequent conceptual and ritualistic amplifications in the understanding of the deity along the way. In the second part, ‘Synthesis’, focused on the 12th century CE, Heroic Śāktism is seen as a social phenomenon representing diversified state-power, arising when the single monolithic Durgā transformed into a deity incorporating regional authorities that partook of her larger identity in order to consolidate and integrate themselves into a pan-Indic network. In the third part, ‘Belief Systems and rituals’, Heroic Śāktism is explored through its matrix of ideas, beliefs and stories, and the ritual enactments, coalescing during the Navarātra, during which this idea-matrix was enlivened through hymn, offering and prayer, whereby the cult acquired meaning and purpose in society and culture. For without ritual, without the enmeshing of goddess into relationships with people, the cult and its notion of power were incomplete and without effective connection to the world.
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This book tells the story of Durgā, the buffalo-demon-slaying deity dear to Indic rulers, between the 3rd and the 12th centuries CE, as she transformed from a Vaiṣṇava, to a Śaiva and finally to a supreme deity, a concentrated power-source Śakti, in whom all divinities and dualities were thought to inhere and also to transcend. Reconstructed through mythology, liturgy, the belles lettres, ritual instructions, epigraphy, local legends of kingship, sculptural evidence and anthropological studies, the stages of this story illuminate an entire belief system concerning political power: warrior-centric goddess worship called heroic Śāktism in the book. The belief that a good king and a true warrior must worship the goddess Durgā, the form and substance of kingship, heroic Śāktism formed the bedrock of ancient Indian practices of cultivating political power. Wildly dangerous and serenely benevolent at one and the same time, the goddess's charismatic split nature promised rewards for a hero and king and success in risky ventures.
Fundamentally, the slow development of this deity cannot be disentangled from the narrative of the state in pre-modern India. Heroic Śāktism unfolded within a social landscape of conquest and competition, dependent on a monsoon economy in which harvests were unreliable and the appeasement of gods in control of environmental crises, foremost among whom was the goddess, was paramount. Its emergence is imbricated with the imperatives of state: military expansion, especially after the demise of the Gupta empire, the rise of local lineages, the assertion of regional cultic identities, the authorization of territorial ownership and the development of the regular ritual life of kingdoms. All these political processes involved Durgā at their very core. She was the prime symbol that communities used to articulate the shifts they underwent during the fluctuations of expansion and consolidation.
This story of the Goddess and political power is shown in three discrete but related parts. The first ‘Beginnings’ tracks a historical process by plotting the development of her cult from its early form in the Gupta period to its mature phase in the 11th century CE, when it had secured more robust patronage, and by showing the sectarian appropriations and consequent conceptual and ritualistic amplifications in the understanding of the deity along the way. In the second part, ‘Synthesis’, focused on the 12th century CE, Heroic Śāktism is seen as a social phenomenon representing diversified state-power, arising when the single monolithic Durgā transformed into a deity incorporating regional authorities that partook of her larger identity in order to consolidate and integrate themselves into a pan-Indic network. In the third part, ‘Belief Systems and rituals’, Heroic Śāktism is explored through its matrix of ideas, beliefs and stories, and the ritual enactments, coalescing during the Navarātra, during which this idea-matrix was enlivened through hymn, offering and prayer, whereby the cult acquired meaning and purpose in society and culture. For without ritual, without the enmeshing of goddess into relationships with people, the cult and its notion of power were incomplete and without effective connection to the world.
David Howell
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520240858
- eISBN:
- 9780520930872
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520240858.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This pioneering study looks beneath the surface structures of the Japanese state to reveal the mechanism by which markers of polity, status, and civilization came together over the divide of the ...
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This pioneering study looks beneath the surface structures of the Japanese state to reveal the mechanism by which markers of polity, status, and civilization came together over the divide of the Meiji Restoration of 1868. The book illustrates how a short roster of malleable, explicitly superficial customs—hairstyle, clothing, and personal names—served to distinguish the “civilized” realm of the Japanese from the “barbarian” realm of the Ainu in the Tokugawa era. Within the core polity, moreover, these same customs distinguished members of different social status groups from one another, such as samurai warriors from commoners, and commoners from outcasts.Less
This pioneering study looks beneath the surface structures of the Japanese state to reveal the mechanism by which markers of polity, status, and civilization came together over the divide of the Meiji Restoration of 1868. The book illustrates how a short roster of malleable, explicitly superficial customs—hairstyle, clothing, and personal names—served to distinguish the “civilized” realm of the Japanese from the “barbarian” realm of the Ainu in the Tokugawa era. Within the core polity, moreover, these same customs distinguished members of different social status groups from one another, such as samurai warriors from commoners, and commoners from outcasts.
Richard Hillman
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719082764
- eISBN:
- 9781781700044
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719082764.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Shakespeare Studies
This book applies to tragic patterns and practices in early modern England a long-standing critical preoccupation with English-French cultural connections in the period. With primary, though not ...
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This book applies to tragic patterns and practices in early modern England a long-standing critical preoccupation with English-French cultural connections in the period. With primary, though not exclusive, reference on the English side to Shakespeare and Marlowe, and on the French side to a wide range of dramatic and non-dramatic material, it focuses on distinctive elements that emerge within the English tragedy of the 1590s and early 1600s. These include the self-destructive tragic hero, the apparatus of neo-Senecanism (including the Machiavellian villain) and the confrontation between the warrior-hero and the femme fatale. The broad objective is less to ‘discover’ influences—although some specific points of contact are proposed—than at once to enlarge and refine a common cultural space through juxtaposition and intertextual tracing. The conclusion emerges that the powerful, if ambivalent, fascination of the English for their closest Continental neighbours expressed itself not only in, but through, the theatre.Less
This book applies to tragic patterns and practices in early modern England a long-standing critical preoccupation with English-French cultural connections in the period. With primary, though not exclusive, reference on the English side to Shakespeare and Marlowe, and on the French side to a wide range of dramatic and non-dramatic material, it focuses on distinctive elements that emerge within the English tragedy of the 1590s and early 1600s. These include the self-destructive tragic hero, the apparatus of neo-Senecanism (including the Machiavellian villain) and the confrontation between the warrior-hero and the femme fatale. The broad objective is less to ‘discover’ influences—although some specific points of contact are proposed—than at once to enlarge and refine a common cultural space through juxtaposition and intertextual tracing. The conclusion emerges that the powerful, if ambivalent, fascination of the English for their closest Continental neighbours expressed itself not only in, but through, the theatre.
Cynthia Talbot
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195136616
- eISBN:
- 9780199834716
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195136616.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Hinduism
The expansion of Kakatiya power from the core area of central Telangana throughout much of Andhra Pradesh is traced through the mapping of inscriptions acknowledging their overlordship. Analysis of ...
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The expansion of Kakatiya power from the core area of central Telangana throughout much of Andhra Pradesh is traced through the mapping of inscriptions acknowledging their overlordship. Analysis of Kakatiya political subordinates reveals an early preponderance of local chiefs and princes who were later superseded by a more humble class of warrior officers. The titles (biruda) and eulogies (prasasti) in Kakatiya‐ era inscriptions emphasize martial heroism and the bonds created through military service, thus challenging the notion that ritual sovereignty and royal patronage of religion were central to the constitution of medieval South Indian states. Instead, the Kakatiya state is conceptualized as a network of personal ties between multiple strata of warriors and the rulers, based primarily on joint military activity. Its dependence on political intermediaries and its dynamic, socially inclusive, and militaristic character refutes the model of a segmentary state advanced by Burton Stein.Less
The expansion of Kakatiya power from the core area of central Telangana throughout much of Andhra Pradesh is traced through the mapping of inscriptions acknowledging their overlordship. Analysis of Kakatiya political subordinates reveals an early preponderance of local chiefs and princes who were later superseded by a more humble class of warrior officers. The titles (biruda) and eulogies (prasasti) in Kakatiya‐ era inscriptions emphasize martial heroism and the bonds created through military service, thus challenging the notion that ritual sovereignty and royal patronage of religion were central to the constitution of medieval South Indian states. Instead, the Kakatiya state is conceptualized as a network of personal ties between multiple strata of warriors and the rulers, based primarily on joint military activity. Its dependence on political intermediaries and its dynamic, socially inclusive, and militaristic character refutes the model of a segmentary state advanced by Burton Stein.
Cynthia Talbot
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195136616
- eISBN:
- 9780199834716
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195136616.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Hinduism
After the fall of the Kakatiya capital, Warangal, to an army of the Delhi Sultanate in 1323, the Andhra region was not politically unified again until modern times. The local chiefs who flourished in ...
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After the fall of the Kakatiya capital, Warangal, to an army of the Delhi Sultanate in 1323, the Andhra region was not politically unified again until modern times. The local chiefs who flourished in subsequent centuries utilized the historical memory of the Kakatiya dynasty as a means of enhancing their own legitimacy. Although the historical traditions of the Kakatiyas were most persistent in Warangal, they were transmitted throughout South India by Telugu nayakas, or warriors of Andhra origin, as they migrated elsewhere in the military service of the expanding Vijayanagara empire. Memories of the Kakatiyas eventually reached down to the village level, as reflected in the traditional accounts collected by Colin Mackenzie in the early nineteenth century. Because later generations associated the Kakatiyas with the origins of a distinctive Telugu society dominated by local warriors, the Kakatiyas became an important focal point for the emergence of a Telugu identity.Less
After the fall of the Kakatiya capital, Warangal, to an army of the Delhi Sultanate in 1323, the Andhra region was not politically unified again until modern times. The local chiefs who flourished in subsequent centuries utilized the historical memory of the Kakatiya dynasty as a means of enhancing their own legitimacy. Although the historical traditions of the Kakatiyas were most persistent in Warangal, they were transmitted throughout South India by Telugu nayakas, or warriors of Andhra origin, as they migrated elsewhere in the military service of the expanding Vijayanagara empire. Memories of the Kakatiyas eventually reached down to the village level, as reflected in the traditional accounts collected by Colin Mackenzie in the early nineteenth century. Because later generations associated the Kakatiyas with the origins of a distinctive Telugu society dominated by local warriors, the Kakatiyas became an important focal point for the emergence of a Telugu identity.
Helena Grice
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719064029
- eISBN:
- 9781781701003
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719064029.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century and Contemporary Literature
Since the publication of The Woman Warrior in 1976, Maxine Hong Kingston has gained a reputation as one of the most popular—and controversial—writers in the Asian American literary tradition. This ...
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Since the publication of The Woman Warrior in 1976, Maxine Hong Kingston has gained a reputation as one of the most popular—and controversial—writers in the Asian American literary tradition. This book traces her development as a writer and cultural activist through both ethnic and feminist discourses, investigating her novels, occasional writings, and her two-book ‘life-writing project’. The publication of The Woman Warrior not only propelled Kingston into the mainstream literary limelight, but also precipitated a vicious and ongoing controversy in Asian American letters over the authenticity—or fakery—of her cultural references. This book traces the debates through the appearance of China Men (1981), as well as the novel Tripmaster Monkey (1989) and her most recent work The Fifth Book of Peace.Less
Since the publication of The Woman Warrior in 1976, Maxine Hong Kingston has gained a reputation as one of the most popular—and controversial—writers in the Asian American literary tradition. This book traces her development as a writer and cultural activist through both ethnic and feminist discourses, investigating her novels, occasional writings, and her two-book ‘life-writing project’. The publication of The Woman Warrior not only propelled Kingston into the mainstream literary limelight, but also precipitated a vicious and ongoing controversy in Asian American letters over the authenticity—or fakery—of her cultural references. This book traces the debates through the appearance of China Men (1981), as well as the novel Tripmaster Monkey (1989) and her most recent work The Fifth Book of Peace.
Frank Graziano
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195136401
- eISBN:
- 9780199835164
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195136403.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
This study of the politics of canonization begins with discussion of the changing policies toward beata mysticism that affected Rose of Lima’s cause for canonization. The chapter further explores how ...
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This study of the politics of canonization begins with discussion of the changing policies toward beata mysticism that affected Rose of Lima’s cause for canonization. The chapter further explores how intimate relation with Christ through mysticism created an alternative, extra-institutional channel to deity that was implicitly subversive to Catholic hierarchy and bureaucracy. The concluding sections treat Rose of Lima’s tacit and sometimes excessive obedience as a strategy to subvert authority and her identity as a mujer varonil or Virgin warrior that was later adapted for diverse military purposes.Less
This study of the politics of canonization begins with discussion of the changing policies toward beata mysticism that affected Rose of Lima’s cause for canonization. The chapter further explores how intimate relation with Christ through mysticism created an alternative, extra-institutional channel to deity that was implicitly subversive to Catholic hierarchy and bureaucracy. The concluding sections treat Rose of Lima’s tacit and sometimes excessive obedience as a strategy to subvert authority and her identity as a mujer varonil or Virgin warrior that was later adapted for diverse military purposes.
M. L. West
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199280759
- eISBN:
- 9780191712913
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199280759.003.0011
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This chapter shows that fame won in battle was a major preoccupation of Indo-European poetic and narrative tradition. Indo-Europeans believed in a kind of afterlife. A limited number of great men — ...
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This chapter shows that fame won in battle was a major preoccupation of Indo-European poetic and narrative tradition. Indo-Europeans believed in a kind of afterlife. A limited number of great men — kings, warriors, seers, and even some women associated with them — lived on in the memory of the people, in poem and story. Topics discussed include the origin of humankind, the fates, death, and transcending mortality through fame.Less
This chapter shows that fame won in battle was a major preoccupation of Indo-European poetic and narrative tradition. Indo-Europeans believed in a kind of afterlife. A limited number of great men — kings, warriors, seers, and even some women associated with them — lived on in the memory of the people, in poem and story. Topics discussed include the origin of humankind, the fates, death, and transcending mortality through fame.
M. L. West
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199280759
- eISBN:
- 9780191712913
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199280759.003.0013
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This chapter discusses depictions of heroic activity in battle in Indo-European tradition. Topics covered include the war-band, strongholds, the hero as warrior, weapons, horses, battle narratives, ...
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This chapter discusses depictions of heroic activity in battle in Indo-European tradition. Topics covered include the war-band, strongholds, the hero as warrior, weapons, horses, battle narratives, speeches, similes, and the hero's funeral.Less
This chapter discusses depictions of heroic activity in battle in Indo-European tradition. Topics covered include the war-band, strongholds, the hero as warrior, weapons, horses, battle narratives, speeches, similes, and the hero's funeral.
Anne Haour
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197264119
- eISBN:
- 9780191734694
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264119.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, World Medieval History
This chapter explains the coverage of this book, which is about the comparison of rulers, warriors, traders, and clerics on the central Sahel and the North Sea region. It argues that there was more ...
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This chapter explains the coverage of this book, which is about the comparison of rulers, warriors, traders, and clerics on the central Sahel and the North Sea region. It argues that there was more similarity between north-western Europe and the central Sahel in the few centuries either side of AD 1001 than has hitherto been recognised, and maintains that the nature of the sources has obscured these formative times and left them in the shadow of organised structures. It discusses the interconnectedness of central Sahel and north-west Europe through contacts and shared pre-industrial nature.Less
This chapter explains the coverage of this book, which is about the comparison of rulers, warriors, traders, and clerics on the central Sahel and the North Sea region. It argues that there was more similarity between north-western Europe and the central Sahel in the few centuries either side of AD 1001 than has hitherto been recognised, and maintains that the nature of the sources has obscured these formative times and left them in the shadow of organised structures. It discusses the interconnectedness of central Sahel and north-west Europe through contacts and shared pre-industrial nature.
Anne Haour
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197264119
- eISBN:
- 9780191734694
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264119.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, World Medieval History
This concluding chapter sums up the key findings of this study which compared the rulers, warriors, traders, and clerics of medieval central Sahel and north-west Europe. It discusses the problems ...
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This concluding chapter sums up the key findings of this study which compared the rulers, warriors, traders, and clerics of medieval central Sahel and north-west Europe. It discusses the problems associated with the use of historical and archaeological records to comprehend the past and the problems concerning the paradox between the local/immediate and the global/long term. It suggests that despite the limited evidence available, the data from the central Sahel and from north-west Europe make most sense when considered together.Less
This concluding chapter sums up the key findings of this study which compared the rulers, warriors, traders, and clerics of medieval central Sahel and north-west Europe. It discusses the problems associated with the use of historical and archaeological records to comprehend the past and the problems concerning the paradox between the local/immediate and the global/long term. It suggests that despite the limited evidence available, the data from the central Sahel and from north-west Europe make most sense when considered together.
ROGER B. MANNING
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198203247
- eISBN:
- 9780191675805
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203247.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, Social History
This concluding chapter sums up the key findings of this study on the persistence of the deer-hunting culture in medieval England. It explains that the deer-hunting culture was already well ...
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This concluding chapter sums up the key findings of this study on the persistence of the deer-hunting culture in medieval England. It explains that the deer-hunting culture was already well established in the thirteenth century, and was considered a high-status pastime because it derived from royal favour and feudal privilege and exemplified the martial values of a warrior aristocracy. The chapter also suggests that a disproportionate number of those who were involved in poaching the king's deer in defiance of the forest law were of gentry status or higher.Less
This concluding chapter sums up the key findings of this study on the persistence of the deer-hunting culture in medieval England. It explains that the deer-hunting culture was already well established in the thirteenth century, and was considered a high-status pastime because it derived from royal favour and feudal privilege and exemplified the martial values of a warrior aristocracy. The chapter also suggests that a disproportionate number of those who were involved in poaching the king's deer in defiance of the forest law were of gentry status or higher.
John W. Young
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198203674
- eISBN:
- 9780191675942
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203674.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter discusses the Fulton Speech, which established Winston Churchill's reputation as the original Cold Warrior. Churchill prepared this speech during a holiday in Miami, amidst rumours that ...
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This chapter discusses the Fulton Speech, which established Winston Churchill's reputation as the original Cold Warrior. Churchill prepared this speech during a holiday in Miami, amidst rumours that he was about to resign. During his absence, Churchill appointed Anthony Eden as the acting leader of the Conservative Party. This chapter also looks at some of the events that occurred during his holiday, as well as his last friendly exchange with Stalin.Less
This chapter discusses the Fulton Speech, which established Winston Churchill's reputation as the original Cold Warrior. Churchill prepared this speech during a holiday in Miami, amidst rumours that he was about to resign. During his absence, Churchill appointed Anthony Eden as the acting leader of the Conservative Party. This chapter also looks at some of the events that occurred during his holiday, as well as his last friendly exchange with Stalin.
Thomas Donald Conlan
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199778102
- eISBN:
- 9780199919079
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199778102.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Buddhism
The fourteenth century witnessed a fundamental political and intellectual conflict about the nature of power and society that was expressed through the rituals and institutions of two rival courts. ...
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The fourteenth century witnessed a fundamental political and intellectual conflict about the nature of power and society that was expressed through the rituals and institutions of two rival courts. Rather than understanding the collapse of Japan↑s first warrior government, the Kamakura bakufu, and the onset of a chaotic period of civil war as the manipulation of rival courts by powerful warrior factions, this study argues that the crucial ideological and intellectual conflict of the fourteenth century was between conservative forces of ritual precedent and ritual determinists steeped in Shingon Buddhism. Members of the monastic nobility who came to dominate the court used the language of Buddhist ritual, including incantations (mantras), gestures (mudras), and “cosmograms” (mandalas projected onto the geography of Japan) to prosecute their bids for power. Sacred places that were ritual centers became the targets of military capture precisely because they were ritual centers. Ritual was not simply symbolic; rather ritual become the orchestration, or actual dynamic of power in itself. This study undermines the conventional wisdom that Zen ideals linked to the samurai were responsible for the manner in which power was conceptualized in medieval Japan, and instead argues that Shingon ritual specialists prolonged the civil war of Japan's fourteenth century, and enforced the new notion that loyal service trumped the merit of those who simply requested compensation for their acts. Ultimately, Shingon mimetic ideals enhanced warrior power, and enabled Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, rather than the reigning emperor, to assert sovereign authority in Japan.Less
The fourteenth century witnessed a fundamental political and intellectual conflict about the nature of power and society that was expressed through the rituals and institutions of two rival courts. Rather than understanding the collapse of Japan↑s first warrior government, the Kamakura bakufu, and the onset of a chaotic period of civil war as the manipulation of rival courts by powerful warrior factions, this study argues that the crucial ideological and intellectual conflict of the fourteenth century was between conservative forces of ritual precedent and ritual determinists steeped in Shingon Buddhism. Members of the monastic nobility who came to dominate the court used the language of Buddhist ritual, including incantations (mantras), gestures (mudras), and “cosmograms” (mandalas projected onto the geography of Japan) to prosecute their bids for power. Sacred places that were ritual centers became the targets of military capture precisely because they were ritual centers. Ritual was not simply symbolic; rather ritual become the orchestration, or actual dynamic of power in itself. This study undermines the conventional wisdom that Zen ideals linked to the samurai were responsible for the manner in which power was conceptualized in medieval Japan, and instead argues that Shingon ritual specialists prolonged the civil war of Japan's fourteenth century, and enforced the new notion that loyal service trumped the merit of those who simply requested compensation for their acts. Ultimately, Shingon mimetic ideals enhanced warrior power, and enabled Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, rather than the reigning emperor, to assert sovereign authority in Japan.
