Elizabeth Rose
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195111125
- eISBN:
- 9780199854295
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195111125.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, Family History
In the past (1890s to 1920s), working mothers were viewed as “evil”. After 1930 however, changes made in both women's wage work and social welfare began to challenge these assumptions, gradually ...
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In the past (1890s to 1920s), working mothers were viewed as “evil”. After 1930 however, changes made in both women's wage work and social welfare began to challenge these assumptions, gradually altering the meaning of day care. This chapter discusses the different transformations in the meaning and practice of day care due to the Great Depression, World War II, and the Cold War. The chapter also looks at the responses of all these various actors to the economic crisis of the depression.Less
In the past (1890s to 1920s), working mothers were viewed as “evil”. After 1930 however, changes made in both women's wage work and social welfare began to challenge these assumptions, gradually altering the meaning of day care. This chapter discusses the different transformations in the meaning and practice of day care due to the Great Depression, World War II, and the Cold War. The chapter also looks at the responses of all these various actors to the economic crisis of the depression.
Valentine M. Moghadam (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198290230
- eISBN:
- 9780191684807
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198290230.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
At the end of the 20th century, after four world conferences on women, debates on the impact of economic development on the lives and status of women — including their life-options and opportunities ...
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At the end of the 20th century, after four world conferences on women, debates on the impact of economic development on the lives and status of women — including their life-options and opportunities for betterment — continue unresolved. Is patriarchy on the decline, or is it merely its form that is changing? What effect does development have on gender relations, and how do patriarchal structures affect the development process? The chapters in this book were written for a UNU/WIDER research conference convened to explore two parallel phenomena: the changing position of women and gender relations and the relevance of the concept of patriarchy, and the impact of development — and especially industrialization and wage work — on women and gender. They address questions through theoretical, historical, and empirical approaches, and provide critical analysis and macro- and micro-level data for Asia, the Middle East and North Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, sub-Saharan Africa, the Indian sub-continent, the Nordic region, and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. Following an introduction and overview, the book is divided into two main parts. Part II offers historical and theoretical perspectives on the evolution of women's positions in the course of development. Part III focuses on industrialization, state policies, and women workers. The book ends with an appendix of statistical tables providing descriptive data on women in the countries under consideration and others.Less
At the end of the 20th century, after four world conferences on women, debates on the impact of economic development on the lives and status of women — including their life-options and opportunities for betterment — continue unresolved. Is patriarchy on the decline, or is it merely its form that is changing? What effect does development have on gender relations, and how do patriarchal structures affect the development process? The chapters in this book were written for a UNU/WIDER research conference convened to explore two parallel phenomena: the changing position of women and gender relations and the relevance of the concept of patriarchy, and the impact of development — and especially industrialization and wage work — on women and gender. They address questions through theoretical, historical, and empirical approaches, and provide critical analysis and macro- and micro-level data for Asia, the Middle East and North Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, sub-Saharan Africa, the Indian sub-continent, the Nordic region, and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. Following an introduction and overview, the book is divided into two main parts. Part II offers historical and theoretical perspectives on the evolution of women's positions in the course of development. Part III focuses on industrialization, state policies, and women workers. The book ends with an appendix of statistical tables providing descriptive data on women in the countries under consideration and others.
Patricia Penn Hilden
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198228837
- eISBN:
- 9780191678837
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198228837.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter explains the coverage of this book, which is about the working women in Belgium during the period from 1830 to 1914. This book aims to demonstrate that Belgian women had a relationship ...
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This chapter explains the coverage of this book, which is about the working women in Belgium during the period from 1830 to 1914. This book aims to demonstrate that Belgian women had a relationship to waged work unique to industrializing Europe and that they worked in so-called men's occupations like mining. It also highlights the limitations of the present historical record and clarifies the broader divisions and disputes within Belgian society as a whole.Less
This chapter explains the coverage of this book, which is about the working women in Belgium during the period from 1830 to 1914. This book aims to demonstrate that Belgian women had a relationship to waged work unique to industrializing Europe and that they worked in so-called men's occupations like mining. It also highlights the limitations of the present historical record and clarifies the broader divisions and disputes within Belgian society as a whole.
Stephen J. Kunitz
- Published in print:
- 1983
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520049260
- eISBN:
- 9780520909649
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520049260.003.0003
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Medical Anthropology
This chapter presents an economic and demographic history of the Navajo reservation from the late nineteenth century to the present. The continued population growth during the 1950s and early 1960s, ...
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This chapter presents an economic and demographic history of the Navajo reservation from the late nineteenth century to the present. The continued population growth during the 1950s and early 1960s, the failure to expand significantly the land base, and the continuing decline in the quality of range land led to a further decline in the livestock economy. It is then mentioned that the Navajo economy has come to depend increasingly upon unearned income and wage work, and livestock has assumed less significance in the support of more people. Additionally, the population has grown at a rapid rate throughout the reservation period, and economic development has occurred only fitfully and in a boom-bust pattern in response to changes in the national economy. By some criteria, economic conditions have not improved significantly, if at all, but mortality rates have declined dramatically, especially since World War II.Less
This chapter presents an economic and demographic history of the Navajo reservation from the late nineteenth century to the present. The continued population growth during the 1950s and early 1960s, the failure to expand significantly the land base, and the continuing decline in the quality of range land led to a further decline in the livestock economy. It is then mentioned that the Navajo economy has come to depend increasingly upon unearned income and wage work, and livestock has assumed less significance in the support of more people. Additionally, the population has grown at a rapid rate throughout the reservation period, and economic development has occurred only fitfully and in a boom-bust pattern in response to changes in the national economy. By some criteria, economic conditions have not improved significantly, if at all, but mortality rates have declined dramatically, especially since World War II.
Elana D. Buch
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781479810734
- eISBN:
- 9781479810147
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479810734.003.0007
- Subject:
- Anthropology, American and Canadian Cultural Anthropology
The conclusion builds on key arguments of the book to suggest several routes toward building a caring economy that generates equitable interdependence. Current methods of organizing care leave people ...
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The conclusion builds on key arguments of the book to suggest several routes toward building a caring economy that generates equitable interdependence. Current methods of organizing care leave people and families across the social spectrum with inadequate and unsustainable ways of sustaining ever longer life spans. The growing demand for care only exacerbates these challenges. Continuing to undervalue generative labor while placing its demands on the backs of those already struggling is simply unsustainable. Instead, I invite readers to imagine with me ways of organizing care work that value familial histories and embodied labors that sustain meaningful ways of life. Valuing care work is a crucial step toward generating a society that values people at every age and from every background.Less
The conclusion builds on key arguments of the book to suggest several routes toward building a caring economy that generates equitable interdependence. Current methods of organizing care leave people and families across the social spectrum with inadequate and unsustainable ways of sustaining ever longer life spans. The growing demand for care only exacerbates these challenges. Continuing to undervalue generative labor while placing its demands on the backs of those already struggling is simply unsustainable. Instead, I invite readers to imagine with me ways of organizing care work that value familial histories and embodied labors that sustain meaningful ways of life. Valuing care work is a crucial step toward generating a society that values people at every age and from every background.
Chris Grover and Linda Piggott
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781447318323
- eISBN:
- 9781447318347
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447318323.003.0013
- Subject:
- Sociology, Occupations, Professions, and Work
With the rise of industrial capitalism from the late 18th century, wage labour was organised in such a way that it disabled impaired people by excluding them from the one activity – wage labour – by ...
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With the rise of industrial capitalism from the late 18th century, wage labour was organised in such a way that it disabled impaired people by excluding them from the one activity – wage labour – by which people were expected to secure their income. However, the current mix of neoliberal economics and communitarian-based notions of obligation that drive welfare ‘reform’ in the Britain oblige disabled people to work. This obligation to work is enforced through economic and social less eligibility that puts disabled people in a position where materially and culturally they have little choice but to engage with work. However, wage work – that by its very nature is exploitative – can be considered to be disabling and a right not to work is as defensible for disabled people as a right to work. An alternative view is that socially necessary activity that is self determined, freely entered into and based on greater choice and control could provide a way forward that does not define ‘social value’ solely as ‘productive value’.Less
With the rise of industrial capitalism from the late 18th century, wage labour was organised in such a way that it disabled impaired people by excluding them from the one activity – wage labour – by which people were expected to secure their income. However, the current mix of neoliberal economics and communitarian-based notions of obligation that drive welfare ‘reform’ in the Britain oblige disabled people to work. This obligation to work is enforced through economic and social less eligibility that puts disabled people in a position where materially and culturally they have little choice but to engage with work. However, wage work – that by its very nature is exploitative – can be considered to be disabling and a right not to work is as defensible for disabled people as a right to work. An alternative view is that socially necessary activity that is self determined, freely entered into and based on greater choice and control could provide a way forward that does not define ‘social value’ solely as ‘productive value’.
Marc Doussard
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816681396
- eISBN:
- 9781452949079
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816681396.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
Chapter Five focuses on the new, thriving food retailers undersell chain supermarkets by 50% or more on many products, and they use low-cost, highly productive labor to move those goods. Employers ...
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Chapter Five focuses on the new, thriving food retailers undersell chain supermarkets by 50% or more on many products, and they use low-cost, highly productive labor to move those goods. Employers draw these high productivity rates out of workers through a number of innovative strategies, most commonly the evasion of basic labor laws relating to wages, hours, working conditions and union organization.Less
Chapter Five focuses on the new, thriving food retailers undersell chain supermarkets by 50% or more on many products, and they use low-cost, highly productive labor to move those goods. Employers draw these high productivity rates out of workers through a number of innovative strategies, most commonly the evasion of basic labor laws relating to wages, hours, working conditions and union organization.
Chris Grover and Linda Piggott (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781447318323
- eISBN:
- 9781447318347
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447318323.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Occupations, Professions, and Work
This book focuses on policies, primarily in the United Kingdom, which are designed to facilitate the participation of disabled people in wage work. The book takes a critical approach to these ...
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This book focuses on policies, primarily in the United Kingdom, which are designed to facilitate the participation of disabled people in wage work. The book takes a critical approach to these policies by examining three main issues. First, the way in which eligibility rules and assessment procedures increasingly mean disabled people have responsibility for their own financial support as the legitimacy of their benefit receipt is questioned. Second, the book examines policies that are supposed to support disabled people into paid work. Problems with the supply side focus of policies upon employability are highlighted, as are those associated with demand side interventions in labour markets where the fear is that disabled workers will be less productive than other workers. The market-based nature of provision to ‘support’ people into wage work is highlighted as being particularly disadvantageous to disabled people. Third, the book examines the nature of ‘work’ in the agenda to get more disabled people into paid employment. It questions the narrow definition of work and productivity that frame policies, and which pose a challenge to disabled people as they are based on norms of productive capacity to which they are often unable to conform. Alternative ways of understanding and valuing the contribution that disabled people make are considered. The book argues that the focus upon increasing the participation of disabled people in wage work is problematic for the core demands of the disabled people movement, is counter to the social model of disability and means many disabled people face an increasingly precarious financial future.Less
This book focuses on policies, primarily in the United Kingdom, which are designed to facilitate the participation of disabled people in wage work. The book takes a critical approach to these policies by examining three main issues. First, the way in which eligibility rules and assessment procedures increasingly mean disabled people have responsibility for their own financial support as the legitimacy of their benefit receipt is questioned. Second, the book examines policies that are supposed to support disabled people into paid work. Problems with the supply side focus of policies upon employability are highlighted, as are those associated with demand side interventions in labour markets where the fear is that disabled workers will be less productive than other workers. The market-based nature of provision to ‘support’ people into wage work is highlighted as being particularly disadvantageous to disabled people. Third, the book examines the nature of ‘work’ in the agenda to get more disabled people into paid employment. It questions the narrow definition of work and productivity that frame policies, and which pose a challenge to disabled people as they are based on norms of productive capacity to which they are often unable to conform. Alternative ways of understanding and valuing the contribution that disabled people make are considered. The book argues that the focus upon increasing the participation of disabled people in wage work is problematic for the core demands of the disabled people movement, is counter to the social model of disability and means many disabled people face an increasingly precarious financial future.
Héctor R. Cordero-Guzmán
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252037573
- eISBN:
- 9780252094828
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252037573.003.0016
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
This afterword summarizes the issues addressed by the book regarding the current condition and position of immigrant women in the U.S. economy. It highlights several of the book's significant ...
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This afterword summarizes the issues addressed by the book regarding the current condition and position of immigrant women in the U.S. economy. It highlights several of the book's significant contributions that set it apart from other works in the fields of gender, migration, and low-wage work. Drawing on a number of case studies, the book has explored the lived experiences of low-wage immigrant women and the ways in which they have been impacted by neoliberal globalization, flexibilization, and informality. It has investigated the emerging sectors of the informal economy and their increasingly intricate connection to the formal economy and the personal services sector, as well as the changing nature, character, and role of evolving ethnic enclaves in both providing opportunities for low-wage women and allowing exploitation, marginalization, and abuse to become rampant and intolerable for the workers. This afterword discusses some concrete implications of the book's findings for research on and policies regarding low-wage women and work.Less
This afterword summarizes the issues addressed by the book regarding the current condition and position of immigrant women in the U.S. economy. It highlights several of the book's significant contributions that set it apart from other works in the fields of gender, migration, and low-wage work. Drawing on a number of case studies, the book has explored the lived experiences of low-wage immigrant women and the ways in which they have been impacted by neoliberal globalization, flexibilization, and informality. It has investigated the emerging sectors of the informal economy and their increasingly intricate connection to the formal economy and the personal services sector, as well as the changing nature, character, and role of evolving ethnic enclaves in both providing opportunities for low-wage women and allowing exploitation, marginalization, and abuse to become rampant and intolerable for the workers. This afterword discusses some concrete implications of the book's findings for research on and policies regarding low-wage women and work.
Marc Doussard
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816681396
- eISBN:
- 9781452949079
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816681396.003.0002
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
Chapter Two reviews the workplace practices of low-wage employers in order to sharpen the understanding of the problem at hand. Where the concept of low-wage work suggests marginal changes within an ...
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Chapter Two reviews the workplace practices of low-wage employers in order to sharpen the understanding of the problem at hand. Where the concept of low-wage work suggests marginal changes within an existing set of economic arrangements, my concept of degraded work denotes a more far-reaching set of transformations to working conditions and the day-to-day negotiation of power between employers and employees.Less
Chapter Two reviews the workplace practices of low-wage employers in order to sharpen the understanding of the problem at hand. Where the concept of low-wage work suggests marginal changes within an existing set of economic arrangements, my concept of degraded work denotes a more far-reaching set of transformations to working conditions and the day-to-day negotiation of power between employers and employees.
Marc Doussard
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816681396
- eISBN:
- 9781452949079
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816681396.003.0007
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
Chapter Seven explores this disconnect and its implications. From a distance, the residential construction industry appears to operate in the manner suggested by economics textbooks: Contractors bid ...
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Chapter Seven explores this disconnect and its implications. From a distance, the residential construction industry appears to operate in the manner suggested by economics textbooks: Contractors bid against one another for jobs, with the lowest price theoretically winning. But several factors, including subcontracting chains and information asymmetry mitigate against cost-based competition. Far from being necessarily cost-competitive, residential construction contains significant potential for job upgrading.Less
Chapter Seven explores this disconnect and its implications. From a distance, the residential construction industry appears to operate in the manner suggested by economics textbooks: Contractors bid against one another for jobs, with the lowest price theoretically winning. But several factors, including subcontracting chains and information asymmetry mitigate against cost-based competition. Far from being necessarily cost-competitive, residential construction contains significant potential for job upgrading.
Marc Doussard
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816681396
- eISBN:
- 9781452949079
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816681396.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
Degraded Work provides a new perspective on employment inequality and low-wage work. Jobs are not intrinsically good or bad: They are made better, or worse, by the actions of employers, employees and ...
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Degraded Work provides a new perspective on employment inequality and low-wage work. Jobs are not intrinsically good or bad: They are made better, or worse, by the actions of employers, employees and regulators. The book advances four key, and novel, arguments to this end. First, it argues that focusing on wages, and on the issue of income inequality, understates the extent of workplace inequalities that spread deep into working conditions and job security. Second, it illustrates these inequalities through case studies of employment change in two industries in which poor job quality is assumed to be intrinsic: residential construction and food retail. In each industry, the decline in working conditions has outpaced the decline in wages. And in each industry, work has been degraded as the result of employer choices about the optimal path to profit. Third, the book provides a detailed policy discussion that directly addresses the reality of minimal political will to confront workplace inequalities. Most volumes on low-wage work cite sensible policy fixes – raising the minimum wage, strengthening unions, improving enforcement of labor laws – that routinely crumble in the face of strong political opposition. Degraded Work takes this opposition as a starting point, and melds the analysis of industries and employers to a program for identifying new policy and organizing opportunities workers and worker advocates can use to improve working conditions.Less
Degraded Work provides a new perspective on employment inequality and low-wage work. Jobs are not intrinsically good or bad: They are made better, or worse, by the actions of employers, employees and regulators. The book advances four key, and novel, arguments to this end. First, it argues that focusing on wages, and on the issue of income inequality, understates the extent of workplace inequalities that spread deep into working conditions and job security. Second, it illustrates these inequalities through case studies of employment change in two industries in which poor job quality is assumed to be intrinsic: residential construction and food retail. In each industry, the decline in working conditions has outpaced the decline in wages. And in each industry, work has been degraded as the result of employer choices about the optimal path to profit. Third, the book provides a detailed policy discussion that directly addresses the reality of minimal political will to confront workplace inequalities. Most volumes on low-wage work cite sensible policy fixes – raising the minimum wage, strengthening unions, improving enforcement of labor laws – that routinely crumble in the face of strong political opposition. Degraded Work takes this opposition as a starting point, and melds the analysis of industries and employers to a program for identifying new policy and organizing opportunities workers and worker advocates can use to improve working conditions.
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804759090
- eISBN:
- 9780804787475
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804759090.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter presents an overview of the peninsula's historical and geopolitical background, and reviews the progressions of colonial economic development and the emergence of women's wage work from ...
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This chapter presents an overview of the peninsula's historical and geopolitical background, and reviews the progressions of colonial economic development and the emergence of women's wage work from the late 1910s to the 1930s. It also tries to provide broad numerical and proportional sketches of colonial workers in general and wage-earning women in particular. A woman's role in household production relied on her marital status and life stage; responsibilities also differed for mothers and daughters. It is also noted that women's contributions to political economies were driven by familial, personal ties. The economic position, landholdings, and status of the husband in premodern Korea influenced the work of their wife. Married women could work in industrial sectors and settings, and in the service industry. Furthermore, most unmarried working women in early twentieth-century Korea could not depend on networks of kin to provide for their future welfare and therefore relied on themselves.Less
This chapter presents an overview of the peninsula's historical and geopolitical background, and reviews the progressions of colonial economic development and the emergence of women's wage work from the late 1910s to the 1930s. It also tries to provide broad numerical and proportional sketches of colonial workers in general and wage-earning women in particular. A woman's role in household production relied on her marital status and life stage; responsibilities also differed for mothers and daughters. It is also noted that women's contributions to political economies were driven by familial, personal ties. The economic position, landholdings, and status of the husband in premodern Korea influenced the work of their wife. Married women could work in industrial sectors and settings, and in the service industry. Furthermore, most unmarried working women in early twentieth-century Korea could not depend on networks of kin to provide for their future welfare and therefore relied on themselves.
Lucy T. Fisher and Miliann Kang
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252037573
- eISBN:
- 9780252094828
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252037573.003.0010
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
This chapter examines how immigrant women accommodate themselves to the various demands of low-wage, low-status service jobs by engaging in “boundary making,” processes that circumscribe and redefine ...
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This chapter examines how immigrant women accommodate themselves to the various demands of low-wage, low-status service jobs by engaging in “boundary making,” processes that circumscribe and redefine the performance of “dirty work.” Boundary making refers to material and symbolic processes in which providers of low-wage work impose limitations on its performance while redefining the work as skillful and important. Dirty work is defined as physical labor that involves cleaning and caring for the human body, its products, and its environs. The chapter first provides an overview of certified nursing assistants (CNAs) who provide elder care in the United States before exploring how immigrants working as CNAs make meaning of work that is often construed as dirty work. Using data from fieldwork in three California nursing homes, the chapter shows how CNAs try to bring some measure of dignity to a low-wage, low-status job, and shape their identity formation as workers and immigrants within constraining institutional contexts.Less
This chapter examines how immigrant women accommodate themselves to the various demands of low-wage, low-status service jobs by engaging in “boundary making,” processes that circumscribe and redefine the performance of “dirty work.” Boundary making refers to material and symbolic processes in which providers of low-wage work impose limitations on its performance while redefining the work as skillful and important. Dirty work is defined as physical labor that involves cleaning and caring for the human body, its products, and its environs. The chapter first provides an overview of certified nursing assistants (CNAs) who provide elder care in the United States before exploring how immigrants working as CNAs make meaning of work that is often construed as dirty work. Using data from fieldwork in three California nursing homes, the chapter shows how CNAs try to bring some measure of dignity to a low-wage, low-status job, and shape their identity formation as workers and immigrants within constraining institutional contexts.
Scott L. Cummings
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- February 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780190215927
- eISBN:
- 9780190936839
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190215927.003.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Employment Law, Legal Profession and Ethics
Chapter 1 introduces the book’s goals, methods, and contributions. It sets forth the book’s central aim—to deepen scholarship on lawyers and social movements by closely attending to the richness and ...
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Chapter 1 introduces the book’s goals, methods, and contributions. It sets forth the book’s central aim—to deepen scholarship on lawyers and social movements by closely attending to the richness and complexity of contemporary practice at the local level—and then describes the L.A. low-wage worker organizing campaigns through which this aim is pursued. The campaigns are situated within theoretical perspectives on movement lawyering, labor studies, and local government law, and then placed in historical context. Tracing the history of Los Angeles’s economic and political transformation—from the postwar era to the 1992 civil unrest sparked by the Rodney King verdict through the 2008 recession—the chapter shows how the campaigns grew out of trends producing greater inequality while also creating the organizational foundation of community–labor activism to challenge it. The concluding section provides a demographic overview of the industries targeted by the L.A. campaigns—garment, day labor, retail, hospitality, grocery, and trucking—and a road map of the chapters that follow.Less
Chapter 1 introduces the book’s goals, methods, and contributions. It sets forth the book’s central aim—to deepen scholarship on lawyers and social movements by closely attending to the richness and complexity of contemporary practice at the local level—and then describes the L.A. low-wage worker organizing campaigns through which this aim is pursued. The campaigns are situated within theoretical perspectives on movement lawyering, labor studies, and local government law, and then placed in historical context. Tracing the history of Los Angeles’s economic and political transformation—from the postwar era to the 1992 civil unrest sparked by the Rodney King verdict through the 2008 recession—the chapter shows how the campaigns grew out of trends producing greater inequality while also creating the organizational foundation of community–labor activism to challenge it. The concluding section provides a demographic overview of the industries targeted by the L.A. campaigns—garment, day labor, retail, hospitality, grocery, and trucking—and a road map of the chapters that follow.
Mark Freedland and Simon Deakin
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198783169
- eISBN:
- 9780191826191
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198783169.003.0003
- Subject:
- Law, Employment Law, Company and Commercial Law
This chapter evokes and examines the idea of ‘the wage-work bargain’ as a key aspect of the contract of employment and a central subject of the legal regulation of that contract. This is the ...
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This chapter evokes and examines the idea of ‘the wage-work bargain’ as a key aspect of the contract of employment and a central subject of the legal regulation of that contract. This is the counterpart of the exchange principle identified in the previous chapter. The chapter discusses whether we can identify the normative conceptions of fair exchange and of the stability of work and remuneration in the law of the contract of employment’s construction of the wage-work bargain. The implications are considered for the relationship between the three core structural principles identified in the previous chapter. It is finally considered whether ‘the contract of employment’ as constructed by common law and statute provides an adequate conceptual category for the encapsulation and regulation of the spectrum of personal work relations which ought to be regarded as within the sphere of employment.Less
This chapter evokes and examines the idea of ‘the wage-work bargain’ as a key aspect of the contract of employment and a central subject of the legal regulation of that contract. This is the counterpart of the exchange principle identified in the previous chapter. The chapter discusses whether we can identify the normative conceptions of fair exchange and of the stability of work and remuneration in the law of the contract of employment’s construction of the wage-work bargain. The implications are considered for the relationship between the three core structural principles identified in the previous chapter. It is finally considered whether ‘the contract of employment’ as constructed by common law and statute provides an adequate conceptual category for the encapsulation and regulation of the spectrum of personal work relations which ought to be regarded as within the sphere of employment.
Marc Doussard
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816681396
- eISBN:
- 9781452949079
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816681396.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
Chapter One examines our current paralysis in the face of labor degradation. Deepening our understanding of labor degradation means reconceptualizing low-wage industries as active producers of ...
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Chapter One examines our current paralysis in the face of labor degradation. Deepening our understanding of labor degradation means reconceptualizing low-wage industries as active producers of inequality, rather than manifestations of a problem that originates in multinational firms.Less
Chapter One examines our current paralysis in the face of labor degradation. Deepening our understanding of labor degradation means reconceptualizing low-wage industries as active producers of inequality, rather than manifestations of a problem that originates in multinational firms.
Marc Doussard
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816681396
- eISBN:
- 9781452949079
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816681396.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
Chapter Three introduces the food retail and residential construction cases, and the dynamic Chicago economy in which employers remade these industries. Because traditional methods of economic ...
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Chapter Three introduces the food retail and residential construction cases, and the dynamic Chicago economy in which employers remade these industries. Because traditional methods of economic analysis provide minimal information on these firms (they remain unstudied in large part because they frustrate efforts to use federal statistical data and information from industry trade presses), I also introduce a methodological discussion that outlines the evidence, assumptions and basis for making conclusions about these sectors.Less
Chapter Three introduces the food retail and residential construction cases, and the dynamic Chicago economy in which employers remade these industries. Because traditional methods of economic analysis provide minimal information on these firms (they remain unstudied in large part because they frustrate efforts to use federal statistical data and information from industry trade presses), I also introduce a methodological discussion that outlines the evidence, assumptions and basis for making conclusions about these sectors.
Marc Doussard
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816681396
- eISBN:
- 9781452949079
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816681396.003.0008
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
Chapter Eight analyzes some of the most promising responses to the problem of degraded work, and provides a framework that makes clear the shared characteristics, and limits to, these approaches. It ...
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Chapter Eight analyzes some of the most promising responses to the problem of degraded work, and provides a framework that makes clear the shared characteristics, and limits to, these approaches. It emphasizes the inadequate political will for remedying the problem at the national level, and emphasizes the value of an industry focus in shifting workers’ organizations onto terrain on which they are better-organized than are employers.Less
Chapter Eight analyzes some of the most promising responses to the problem of degraded work, and provides a framework that makes clear the shared characteristics, and limits to, these approaches. It emphasizes the inadequate political will for remedying the problem at the national level, and emphasizes the value of an industry focus in shifting workers’ organizations onto terrain on which they are better-organized than are employers.
Chris Grover and Linda Piggott
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781447318323
- eISBN:
- 9781447318347
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447318323.003.0015
- Subject:
- Sociology, Occupations, Professions, and Work
The conclusion draws together themes that are visible in the chapters of Work, welfare and disabled people. It focuses in particular upon three issues raised by the chapters: 1) the nature of wage ...
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The conclusion draws together themes that are visible in the chapters of Work, welfare and disabled people. It focuses in particular upon three issues raised by the chapters: 1) the nature of wage work as a social process; 2) difficulties for disabled people that arise from the desire to commodify their labour power and 3) difficulties that there are in making the claim that wage work provides for disabled people both a secure and above-poverty level income. Overall, it is concluded that while Britain and other liberal welfare regimes continue to be rooted in concerns with access to social welfare benefits as particularly discouraging wage labour, disabled people face a future of economic precariousness, of greater poverty, even when in paid work.Less
The conclusion draws together themes that are visible in the chapters of Work, welfare and disabled people. It focuses in particular upon three issues raised by the chapters: 1) the nature of wage work as a social process; 2) difficulties for disabled people that arise from the desire to commodify their labour power and 3) difficulties that there are in making the claim that wage work provides for disabled people both a secure and above-poverty level income. Overall, it is concluded that while Britain and other liberal welfare regimes continue to be rooted in concerns with access to social welfare benefits as particularly discouraging wage labour, disabled people face a future of economic precariousness, of greater poverty, even when in paid work.
