David Wendler
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199730087
- eISBN:
- 9780199776689
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199730087.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
Millions of children suffer from diseases and illnesses who do not have adequate treatment. And many other children are harmed by medicines intended to help them. To protect and help these children ...
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Millions of children suffer from diseases and illnesses who do not have adequate treatment. And many other children are harmed by medicines intended to help them. To protect and help these children society needs to conduct pediatric research. Yet, critics and courts have argued that it is unethical to expose children to research risks for the benefit of others. They argue that this practice violates our obligation to protect children and exploits them for the benefit of others. In this way, clinical research with children poses what appears to be an irresolvable dilemma: either we can protect pediatric subjects from exploitation or we can protect pediatric patients from dangerous medicines, but not both. The present work, which is the first to systematically evaluate this dilemma, offers an original justification for pediatric research based on an in-depth analysis of when it is in our interests to help others.Less
Millions of children suffer from diseases and illnesses who do not have adequate treatment. And many other children are harmed by medicines intended to help them. To protect and help these children society needs to conduct pediatric research. Yet, critics and courts have argued that it is unethical to expose children to research risks for the benefit of others. They argue that this practice violates our obligation to protect children and exploits them for the benefit of others. In this way, clinical research with children poses what appears to be an irresolvable dilemma: either we can protect pediatric subjects from exploitation or we can protect pediatric patients from dangerous medicines, but not both. The present work, which is the first to systematically evaluate this dilemma, offers an original justification for pediatric research based on an in-depth analysis of when it is in our interests to help others.
David Donnison
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847420381
- eISBN:
- 9781447303589
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847420381.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Health and Mental Health
Advocacy is an area of increasing importance in service provision, where new ways of working have to be found that increasingly create an enabling, rather than a providing, state. It has an important ...
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Advocacy is an area of increasing importance in service provision, where new ways of working have to be found that increasingly create an enabling, rather than a providing, state. It has an important part to play in this shift. Based on the experience of real advocates, this book is written in a jargon-free style. As well as practical chapters on what advocates do, using case studies from Scotland, where important developments are taking place, it discusses how advocacy fits into the broader scheme of things. The author describes and discusses examples of advocacy, with chapters dealing with management, training, and evaluation of the work. The book concludes with a thought-provoking discussion of various strategies that help vulnerable people speak to power on more equal terms.Less
Advocacy is an area of increasing importance in service provision, where new ways of working have to be found that increasingly create an enabling, rather than a providing, state. It has an important part to play in this shift. Based on the experience of real advocates, this book is written in a jargon-free style. As well as practical chapters on what advocates do, using case studies from Scotland, where important developments are taking place, it discusses how advocacy fits into the broader scheme of things. The author describes and discusses examples of advocacy, with chapters dealing with management, training, and evaluation of the work. The book concludes with a thought-provoking discussion of various strategies that help vulnerable people speak to power on more equal terms.
Morag C. Treanor
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781447334668
- eISBN:
- 9781447334712
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447334668.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families
Child poverty is rising across affluent western societies and how it is measured is vital to how governments act to prevent, alleviate or eliminate it. While the roots of childhood poverty are ...
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Child poverty is rising across affluent western societies and how it is measured is vital to how governments act to prevent, alleviate or eliminate it. While the roots of childhood poverty are fiercely debated and contested, they are all too often misrepresented in policy and media discourses.
Seeking to redress this, Treanor places children’s experiences, needs and concerns at the centre of this critical examination of the contemporary policies and political discourses surrounding poverty in childhood. She examines a broad range of structural, institutional and ideological factors common across developed nations, and their impacts, to interrogate how poverty in childhood is conceptualised and operationalised in policy and forge a radical pathway for an alternative future.Less
Child poverty is rising across affluent western societies and how it is measured is vital to how governments act to prevent, alleviate or eliminate it. While the roots of childhood poverty are fiercely debated and contested, they are all too often misrepresented in policy and media discourses.
Seeking to redress this, Treanor places children’s experiences, needs and concerns at the centre of this critical examination of the contemporary policies and political discourses surrounding poverty in childhood. She examines a broad range of structural, institutional and ideological factors common across developed nations, and their impacts, to interrogate how poverty in childhood is conceptualised and operationalised in policy and forge a radical pathway for an alternative future.
Corinne May-Chahal and Emma Kelly
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781447354505
- eISBN:
- 9781447354512
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447354505.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families
Focusing on online-facilitated sexual abuse, this book takes a rigorous approach to existing literature to address some of the most pressing public and policy questions on this type of abuse. The ...
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Focusing on online-facilitated sexual abuse, this book takes a rigorous approach to existing literature to address some of the most pressing public and policy questions on this type of abuse. The book examines which children are most vulnerable, how their vulnerability is made, what they are vulnerable to and how we can foster resilience. It begins with an overview of online child sexual abuse. Victims are made both by the acts perpetrated on them and by the social context in which these acts take place and the consequences that are felt. The book examines online-facilitated child sexual abuse research through the lens of this social context, which contains multiple definitions of what is childhood, sex, and abuse as it connects to the Internet. The book calls for greater clarity and agreement on definitions and measurement practices concerning online child sexual victimisation. In conclusion, it recommends that guardianship responsibility is extended to children themselves and considers some of the technical tools that might assist their participation.Less
Focusing on online-facilitated sexual abuse, this book takes a rigorous approach to existing literature to address some of the most pressing public and policy questions on this type of abuse. The book examines which children are most vulnerable, how their vulnerability is made, what they are vulnerable to and how we can foster resilience. It begins with an overview of online child sexual abuse. Victims are made both by the acts perpetrated on them and by the social context in which these acts take place and the consequences that are felt. The book examines online-facilitated child sexual abuse research through the lens of this social context, which contains multiple definitions of what is childhood, sex, and abuse as it connects to the Internet. The book calls for greater clarity and agreement on definitions and measurement practices concerning online child sexual victimisation. In conclusion, it recommends that guardianship responsibility is extended to children themselves and considers some of the technical tools that might assist their participation.
Adil E. Shamoo and David B. Resnik
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195368246
- eISBN:
- 9780199867615
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195368246.003.0013
- Subject:
- Biology, Disease Ecology / Epidemiology, Biochemistry / Molecular Biology
This chapter discusses ethical issues and policies relating to the protection of vulnerable subjects in research. It reviews the history of human experimentation with vulnerable human subjects such ...
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This chapter discusses ethical issues and policies relating to the protection of vulnerable subjects in research. It reviews the history of human experimentation with vulnerable human subjects such as people with impaired decision-making capacities, children, fetuses, and subordinate populations (i.e., prisoners, students, employees, and soldiers). It discusses the definition of vulnerability as well as the criteria for decision-making capacity. The chapter also examines the federal regulations and the special safeguards, or lack thereof, currently available to protect vulnerable populations, and it discusses different types of research with children and examines the concept of minimal risk.Less
This chapter discusses ethical issues and policies relating to the protection of vulnerable subjects in research. It reviews the history of human experimentation with vulnerable human subjects such as people with impaired decision-making capacities, children, fetuses, and subordinate populations (i.e., prisoners, students, employees, and soldiers). It discusses the definition of vulnerability as well as the criteria for decision-making capacity. The chapter also examines the federal regulations and the special safeguards, or lack thereof, currently available to protect vulnerable populations, and it discusses different types of research with children and examines the concept of minimal risk.
Lawrence S. Wrightsman and Mary L. Pitman
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199730902
- eISBN:
- 9780199776986
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199730902.003.005
- Subject:
- Psychology, Forensic Psychology
This chapter reviews recent research on the comprehension of the Miranda rights by members of several vulnerable groups. For example, the warnings often exceed the reading level of the typical ...
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This chapter reviews recent research on the comprehension of the Miranda rights by members of several vulnerable groups. For example, the warnings often exceed the reading level of the typical adolescent suspect. For non-English-speaking persons, the translation to their language may be difficult. For deaf suspect, American Sign Language lacks several relevant terms. The problem is exacerbated by the fact that there is no regulation of the specific warning, so that some jurisdictions have verbose, complicated warnings with complex sentences and word length of 400 or more words.Less
This chapter reviews recent research on the comprehension of the Miranda rights by members of several vulnerable groups. For example, the warnings often exceed the reading level of the typical adolescent suspect. For non-English-speaking persons, the translation to their language may be difficult. For deaf suspect, American Sign Language lacks several relevant terms. The problem is exacerbated by the fact that there is no regulation of the specific warning, so that some jurisdictions have verbose, complicated warnings with complex sentences and word length of 400 or more words.
James Kuzner
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748642533
- eISBN:
- 9780748651580
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748642533.003.0007
- Subject:
- Literature, 16th-century and Renaissance Literature
This chapter presents a few points on how selves can and should go about shaping their futures. It also takes a look at Satan, the fallen angel who does not appreciate his vulnerability. The chapter ...
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This chapter presents a few points on how selves can and should go about shaping their futures. It also takes a look at Satan, the fallen angel who does not appreciate his vulnerability. The chapter concludes that the future of vulnerable subjects not only is, but should be, an uncertain history of uncertain life.Less
This chapter presents a few points on how selves can and should go about shaping their futures. It also takes a look at Satan, the fallen angel who does not appreciate his vulnerability. The chapter concludes that the future of vulnerable subjects not only is, but should be, an uncertain history of uncertain life.
Julia Brannen
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861348500
- eISBN:
- 9781447301882
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861348500.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families
This book contributes to the understanding of care and care work in children's services in Britain in the early twenty-first century. It provides insights into the factors that influence why people ...
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This book contributes to the understanding of care and care work in children's services in Britain in the early twenty-first century. It provides insights into the factors that influence why people enter and leave care work, their motivations, and the intersection of their work with their family lives. Focusing on four diverse groups of workers – residential social workers, foster carers, family support workers, and community child-minders – who take on the care of vulnerable children and young people in the context of relatively low levels of qualifications, the book examines their life course as care workers. It explores the range of factors that attract people into care work, including the biographical circumstances and the serendipitous factors that propel them into the work, their understandings of and commitment to it, and how their identities as care workers are created and sustained. The book is highly relevant to current policy debates about the development of children's services and reforming the childcare workforce, and offers a range of practical recommendations.Less
This book contributes to the understanding of care and care work in children's services in Britain in the early twenty-first century. It provides insights into the factors that influence why people enter and leave care work, their motivations, and the intersection of their work with their family lives. Focusing on four diverse groups of workers – residential social workers, foster carers, family support workers, and community child-minders – who take on the care of vulnerable children and young people in the context of relatively low levels of qualifications, the book examines their life course as care workers. It explores the range of factors that attract people into care work, including the biographical circumstances and the serendipitous factors that propel them into the work, their understandings of and commitment to it, and how their identities as care workers are created and sustained. The book is highly relevant to current policy debates about the development of children's services and reforming the childcare workforce, and offers a range of practical recommendations.
James L. Crenshaw
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- July 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195140026
- eISBN:
- 9780199835607
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195140028.003.0013
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
The Bible lays itself open to charges of divine injustice in the way it treats election, divine zeal, and prolonged inaction while evil blossoms and bears fruit, the dark side of God, divine pathos, ...
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The Bible lays itself open to charges of divine injustice in the way it treats election, divine zeal, and prolonged inaction while evil blossoms and bears fruit, the dark side of God, divine pathos, and monotheism. Theodicy was therefore inevitable, although profoundly problematic. Neither the abandoning of the quest through an atheistic viewpoint nor spreading the blame to many gods or a demon gave much solace. The effort to define God so that the problem of evil would vanish came at the expense of a viable concept of deity, for it postulates a weak, ignorant, and vulnerable God. Shifting the blame to humans heightened the mystery surrounding theodicy, even when entrusting them with a noble task of working to establish justice in the absence of divine success in that endeavor.Less
The Bible lays itself open to charges of divine injustice in the way it treats election, divine zeal, and prolonged inaction while evil blossoms and bears fruit, the dark side of God, divine pathos, and monotheism. Theodicy was therefore inevitable, although profoundly problematic. Neither the abandoning of the quest through an atheistic viewpoint nor spreading the blame to many gods or a demon gave much solace. The effort to define God so that the problem of evil would vanish came at the expense of a viable concept of deity, for it postulates a weak, ignorant, and vulnerable God. Shifting the blame to humans heightened the mystery surrounding theodicy, even when entrusting them with a noble task of working to establish justice in the absence of divine success in that endeavor.
Shylashri Shankar and Raghav Gaiha
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780198085003
- eISBN:
- 9780199082476
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198085003.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Indian Politics
How can the government and citizens become more responsive to each other in alleviating poverty and reducing corruption? The book tests several intuitions including whether vulnerable groups demand ...
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How can the government and citizens become more responsive to each other in alleviating poverty and reducing corruption? The book tests several intuitions including whether vulnerable groups demand more from the state if they acquire information about government programs by attending public meetings and participating in social and economic networks such as self- help groups, or by occupying elected positions reserved for them. The book assesses the effectiveness of formal and informal mechanisms—political representation, community social audits, access to information, membership in networks, political competition—that have enabled the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (MGNREGS) to reach its intended beneficiaries in Andhra Pradesh (AP), Tamil Nadu (TN), Madhya Pradesh (MP), and Rajasthan. Analytically, it asks why a mechanism worked or failed in doing two things: a) changing the dominant structure of institutional and social interactions; and b) transforming the ability of poor individuals to take advantage of these changes.Less
How can the government and citizens become more responsive to each other in alleviating poverty and reducing corruption? The book tests several intuitions including whether vulnerable groups demand more from the state if they acquire information about government programs by attending public meetings and participating in social and economic networks such as self- help groups, or by occupying elected positions reserved for them. The book assesses the effectiveness of formal and informal mechanisms—political representation, community social audits, access to information, membership in networks, political competition—that have enabled the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (MGNREGS) to reach its intended beneficiaries in Andhra Pradesh (AP), Tamil Nadu (TN), Madhya Pradesh (MP), and Rajasthan. Analytically, it asks why a mechanism worked or failed in doing two things: a) changing the dominant structure of institutional and social interactions; and b) transforming the ability of poor individuals to take advantage of these changes.
Malcolm Payne
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199599295
- eISBN:
- 9780191731532
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199599295.003.0035
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Patient Care and End-of-Life Decision Making
This chapter addresses the issue of whether palliative care services are responsible for protecting vulnerable adults and families. Vulnerability to abuse and neglect is increased for dying people ...
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This chapter addresses the issue of whether palliative care services are responsible for protecting vulnerable adults and families. Vulnerability to abuse and neglect is increased for dying people compared with the general population. However, abuse, neglect, and self-neglect are poorly identified and reported in all social and health care settings, including palliative care. Carer stress and domestic violence are important factors in abuse and neglect, and self-neglect occurs because of poor social and health care resources and chaotic lifestyles in all age groups, rather than mental incapacity mainly among older people. Preventive strategies through engagement with national and local coordination and through interventions with families are required to identify perpetrators and safeguard vulnerable people from abuse, neglect, and self-neglect.Less
This chapter addresses the issue of whether palliative care services are responsible for protecting vulnerable adults and families. Vulnerability to abuse and neglect is increased for dying people compared with the general population. However, abuse, neglect, and self-neglect are poorly identified and reported in all social and health care settings, including palliative care. Carer stress and domestic violence are important factors in abuse and neglect, and self-neglect occurs because of poor social and health care resources and chaotic lifestyles in all age groups, rather than mental incapacity mainly among older people. Preventive strategies through engagement with national and local coordination and through interventions with families are required to identify perpetrators and safeguard vulnerable people from abuse, neglect, and self-neglect.
Mohammad A. Razzaque, Philip Osafa‐Kwaako, and Roman Grynberg
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199234707
- eISBN:
- 9780191715488
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199234707.003.0002
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter reviews the reliance of least developed countries (LDCs), small vulnerable states (SVS), and heavily indebted poor countries (HIPCs) on commodities for production and export and the ...
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This chapter reviews the reliance of least developed countries (LDCs), small vulnerable states (SVS), and heavily indebted poor countries (HIPCs) on commodities for production and export and the problems associated with such reliance.Less
This chapter reviews the reliance of least developed countries (LDCs), small vulnerable states (SVS), and heavily indebted poor countries (HIPCs) on commodities for production and export and the problems associated with such reliance.
Alan Wertheimer
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199743513
- eISBN:
- 9780199827145
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199743513.003.0005
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Political Philosophy
The “off-shoring” of clinical research is a growing phenomenon. It is often argued that international research exploits people in developing nations for the benefit of people in developed nations. ...
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The “off-shoring” of clinical research is a growing phenomenon. It is often argued that international research exploits people in developing nations for the benefit of people in developed nations. This chapter provides an analysis of the concept of exploitation and considers the claim that research is exploitative. It also asks whether research should be prohibited just because it is exploitative.Less
The “off-shoring” of clinical research is a growing phenomenon. It is often argued that international research exploits people in developing nations for the benefit of people in developed nations. This chapter provides an analysis of the concept of exploitation and considers the claim that research is exploitative. It also asks whether research should be prohibited just because it is exploitative.
Louise Ellison
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198299097
- eISBN:
- 9780191685613
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198299097.003.0008
- Subject:
- Law, Criminal Law and Criminology
This concluding chapter sums up the key findings of this study on vulnerable witnesses and the adversarial process in the criminal justice system in Great Britain. The result reveals the limitations ...
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This concluding chapter sums up the key findings of this study on vulnerable witnesses and the adversarial process in the criminal justice system in Great Britain. The result reveals the limitations of an accommodation approach to the problems facing vulnerable and intimidated witnesses and the flaws of the Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act (YJCEA) 1999. The findings also indicate that the measures which deviate least from the adversarial model are the least effective both in terms of alleviating the stress associated with giving evidence and for securing access to the best evidence potentially available.Less
This concluding chapter sums up the key findings of this study on vulnerable witnesses and the adversarial process in the criminal justice system in Great Britain. The result reveals the limitations of an accommodation approach to the problems facing vulnerable and intimidated witnesses and the flaws of the Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act (YJCEA) 1999. The findings also indicate that the measures which deviate least from the adversarial model are the least effective both in terms of alleviating the stress associated with giving evidence and for securing access to the best evidence potentially available.
John Hills and Kitty Stewart (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861345783
- eISBN:
- 9781447301394
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861345783.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Stratification, Inequality, and Mobility
This major new book provides, for the first time, a detailed evaluation of policies on poverty and social exclusion since 1997, and their effects. Bringing together leading experts in the field, it ...
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This major new book provides, for the first time, a detailed evaluation of policies on poverty and social exclusion since 1997, and their effects. Bringing together leading experts in the field, it considers the challenges the government has faced, the policies chosen and the targets set in order to assess results. Drawing on research from the Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, and on external evaluations, the book asks how children, older people, poor neighbourhoods, ethnic minorities, and other vulnerable groups have fared under New Labour and seeks to assess the government both on its own terms — in meeting its own targets — and according to alternative views of social exclusion.Less
This major new book provides, for the first time, a detailed evaluation of policies on poverty and social exclusion since 1997, and their effects. Bringing together leading experts in the field, it considers the challenges the government has faced, the policies chosen and the targets set in order to assess results. Drawing on research from the Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, and on external evaluations, the book asks how children, older people, poor neighbourhoods, ethnic minorities, and other vulnerable groups have fared under New Labour and seeks to assess the government both on its own terms — in meeting its own targets — and according to alternative views of social exclusion.
Iulia Voina Motoc
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199562572
- eISBN:
- 9780191705328
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199562572.003.0007
- Subject:
- Law, Intellectual Property, IT, and Media Law, Human Rights and Immigration
This chapter examines genetic discrimination through the lens of international law. The main questions asked are: What is the meaning of genetic discrimination? How can laws on genetic privacy ...
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This chapter examines genetic discrimination through the lens of international law. The main questions asked are: What is the meaning of genetic discrimination? How can laws on genetic privacy prevent discrimination? What is the relationship between international and domestic law in fields such as insurance, employment, and criminal investigation, and what is the best way to protect individuals? How are particular groups affected by and vulnerable to genetic discrimination?Less
This chapter examines genetic discrimination through the lens of international law. The main questions asked are: What is the meaning of genetic discrimination? How can laws on genetic privacy prevent discrimination? What is the relationship between international and domestic law in fields such as insurance, employment, and criminal investigation, and what is the best way to protect individuals? How are particular groups affected by and vulnerable to genetic discrimination?
Robert A. Burt
Frank Iacobucci (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780300224269
- eISBN:
- 9780300231854
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300224269.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
The Supreme Court long considered its highest mission to be the protection of individual liberty from intrusion by government, but the court shifted its focus to social and economic equality. This ...
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The Supreme Court long considered its highest mission to be the protection of individual liberty from intrusion by government, but the court shifted its focus to social and economic equality. This book explores this shift and its implications, especially for the legal protection of the vulnerable. Crucial to the author's perspective is an unconventional view of the role of judges—not simply to decide disputes, but to promote a respectful dialogue leading to a genuine understanding between parties. The U.S. Constitution, through its interpretation by the U.S. Supreme Court, deals with the protection of vulnerable people in American society. It focuses on the judge not as the sole determiner of equality or protection but as a leader who, through careful observation and guidance, promotes an interactive process among the parties in order to settle the matter in an empathic, mutually respectful way. The book points out that judges are not the only actors through whom democratic values founded on empathic mutual respect and accountability can be promoted. At the center of this study is the Civil Rights Act of 1968.Less
The Supreme Court long considered its highest mission to be the protection of individual liberty from intrusion by government, but the court shifted its focus to social and economic equality. This book explores this shift and its implications, especially for the legal protection of the vulnerable. Crucial to the author's perspective is an unconventional view of the role of judges—not simply to decide disputes, but to promote a respectful dialogue leading to a genuine understanding between parties. The U.S. Constitution, through its interpretation by the U.S. Supreme Court, deals with the protection of vulnerable people in American society. It focuses on the judge not as the sole determiner of equality or protection but as a leader who, through careful observation and guidance, promotes an interactive process among the parties in order to settle the matter in an empathic, mutually respectful way. The book points out that judges are not the only actors through whom democratic values founded on empathic mutual respect and accountability can be promoted. At the center of this study is the Civil Rights Act of 1968.
Kristen E. Cheney
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780226437408
- eISBN:
- 9780226437682
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226437682.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, African Cultural Anthropology
The African HIV/AIDS pandemic has defined the childhoods of an entire generation. Many children have lost their parents to AIDS while HIV-infected children are now surviving thanks to life-saving ...
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The African HIV/AIDS pandemic has defined the childhoods of an entire generation. Many children have lost their parents to AIDS while HIV-infected children are now surviving thanks to life-saving antiretroviral drugs (ARVs). In this incisive ethnography, Cheney argues that humanitarian misreadings of the 'AIDS orphan crisis' have affected children's lives as irrevocably as HIV/AIDS itself. Using participatory research with the “post-ARV generation” in Uganda, this book traces the social transformations caused by AIDS orphanhood and it impacts on children, families, and communities. Young people’s experiences in the post-ARV era show how orphan suffering is still compounded by poverty and other structural vulnerabilities. Cheney explains how these vulnerabilities have posed new challenges to traditional systems of family support and child protection. Moreover, she argues that global humanitarian responses such as Western ‘orphan rescue’ efforts to relieve the ‘orphan crisis’ have actually deepened it. Crying for Our Elders substantially expands theoretical discussions of humanitarianism, children’s studies, orphanhood, kinship and the resilience of family as well as methodological innovations in longitudinal participatory research with children. Privileging young people’s perspectives, Cheney demonstrates that despite the challenges of growing up in the era of HIV/AIDS, the post-ARV generation still holds out hope for the future.Less
The African HIV/AIDS pandemic has defined the childhoods of an entire generation. Many children have lost their parents to AIDS while HIV-infected children are now surviving thanks to life-saving antiretroviral drugs (ARVs). In this incisive ethnography, Cheney argues that humanitarian misreadings of the 'AIDS orphan crisis' have affected children's lives as irrevocably as HIV/AIDS itself. Using participatory research with the “post-ARV generation” in Uganda, this book traces the social transformations caused by AIDS orphanhood and it impacts on children, families, and communities. Young people’s experiences in the post-ARV era show how orphan suffering is still compounded by poverty and other structural vulnerabilities. Cheney explains how these vulnerabilities have posed new challenges to traditional systems of family support and child protection. Moreover, she argues that global humanitarian responses such as Western ‘orphan rescue’ efforts to relieve the ‘orphan crisis’ have actually deepened it. Crying for Our Elders substantially expands theoretical discussions of humanitarianism, children’s studies, orphanhood, kinship and the resilience of family as well as methodological innovations in longitudinal participatory research with children. Privileging young people’s perspectives, Cheney demonstrates that despite the challenges of growing up in the era of HIV/AIDS, the post-ARV generation still holds out hope for the future.
Phil Haun (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780813176789
- eISBN:
- 9780813176819
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813176789.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Military History
In the 1930s the US Air Corps Tactical School (ACTS) articulated the concept of high-altitude daylight precision bombing (HADPB), a coherent yet controversial theory for victory through the ...
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In the 1930s the US Air Corps Tactical School (ACTS) articulated the concept of high-altitude daylight precision bombing (HADPB), a coherent yet controversial theory for victory through the independent employment of air forces. The ACTS lectures present a uniquely American theory of strategic bombing later tested in World War II. These lectures, never before published, introduce Air Corps thinking on strategic bombing during the interwar period. Their originality is found in the causal logic for how HADPB operations would lead to victory by the direct attack of vital and vulnerable economic targets. The ACTS instructors and students would later be responsible for translating theory into practice. In so doing, the logic of HADPB was tested and in many ways found wanting. Though the US Army Air Force fell short of independently achieving decisive victory, the ACTS prewar rationale for the construction of heavy bombers offered the United States the offensive capability to conduct long-range air campaigns. HADPB proved to be a key component to the Allies gaining air superiority over western Europe. Finally, HADPB raids starved the German military of fuel such that it no longer had the means to maintain its desperate counteroffensive at the Battle of the Bulge. American air power did prove critical to the Allied victory, not in the independent and decisive way envisioned by ACTS but as a crucial component of a combined arms strategy.Less
In the 1930s the US Air Corps Tactical School (ACTS) articulated the concept of high-altitude daylight precision bombing (HADPB), a coherent yet controversial theory for victory through the independent employment of air forces. The ACTS lectures present a uniquely American theory of strategic bombing later tested in World War II. These lectures, never before published, introduce Air Corps thinking on strategic bombing during the interwar period. Their originality is found in the causal logic for how HADPB operations would lead to victory by the direct attack of vital and vulnerable economic targets. The ACTS instructors and students would later be responsible for translating theory into practice. In so doing, the logic of HADPB was tested and in many ways found wanting. Though the US Army Air Force fell short of independently achieving decisive victory, the ACTS prewar rationale for the construction of heavy bombers offered the United States the offensive capability to conduct long-range air campaigns. HADPB proved to be a key component to the Allies gaining air superiority over western Europe. Finally, HADPB raids starved the German military of fuel such that it no longer had the means to maintain its desperate counteroffensive at the Battle of the Bulge. American air power did prove critical to the Allied victory, not in the independent and decisive way envisioned by ACTS but as a crucial component of a combined arms strategy.
Jody Heymann, Lorraine Sherr, and Rachel Kidman (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199765126
- eISBN:
- 9780199918942
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199765126.001.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
Each year, over a quarter of a million children die of AIDS. Another 2 million children currently live with HIV, most in sub-Saharan Africa. Millions more are affected when AIDS enters their families ...
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Each year, over a quarter of a million children die of AIDS. Another 2 million children currently live with HIV, most in sub-Saharan Africa. Millions more are affected when AIDS enters their families or their communities. Orphans are perhaps the most visible: 15 million children have lost one or both parents to AIDS; 12 million of them live in sub-Saharan Africa. The increasing burden of care due to HIV/AIDS is borne mainly by extended family: First they care for the sick and dying relatives, then they assume responsibility for the children left behind. Today, the extended family cares for over 90% of double orphans. Parents who take on these immense caregiving burdens have less quality time for their own children, fewer financial resources, and greater difficulties securing food and shelter. Thus, children who have parents providing care to AIDS-sick relatives or who share scarce resources with foster children may also experience disadvantage. In communities severely affected by AIDS, traditional safety nets are often overwhelmed by cumulative mortality, teachers are absent from school because of their own illness or that of family members, and basic health facilities are crippled by AIDS care—all of which leave children increasingly vulnerable. The impact is most severe in environments in which government- and state-level support is the weakest; where universal education, health care and social welfare are either not available or only partially available. Protecting Childhood in the AIDS Pandemic will bring together lessons from experts around the world on what has worked, and what needs to be done to transform the outcomes of children of all ages whose lives have been affected by HIV/AIDS. Specifically, the book examines which public policies and programs work best to meet the full range of children’s needs, from medical care to social support, and from infancy to adolescence.Less
Each year, over a quarter of a million children die of AIDS. Another 2 million children currently live with HIV, most in sub-Saharan Africa. Millions more are affected when AIDS enters their families or their communities. Orphans are perhaps the most visible: 15 million children have lost one or both parents to AIDS; 12 million of them live in sub-Saharan Africa. The increasing burden of care due to HIV/AIDS is borne mainly by extended family: First they care for the sick and dying relatives, then they assume responsibility for the children left behind. Today, the extended family cares for over 90% of double orphans. Parents who take on these immense caregiving burdens have less quality time for their own children, fewer financial resources, and greater difficulties securing food and shelter. Thus, children who have parents providing care to AIDS-sick relatives or who share scarce resources with foster children may also experience disadvantage. In communities severely affected by AIDS, traditional safety nets are often overwhelmed by cumulative mortality, teachers are absent from school because of their own illness or that of family members, and basic health facilities are crippled by AIDS care—all of which leave children increasingly vulnerable. The impact is most severe in environments in which government- and state-level support is the weakest; where universal education, health care and social welfare are either not available or only partially available. Protecting Childhood in the AIDS Pandemic will bring together lessons from experts around the world on what has worked, and what needs to be done to transform the outcomes of children of all ages whose lives have been affected by HIV/AIDS. Specifically, the book examines which public policies and programs work best to meet the full range of children’s needs, from medical care to social support, and from infancy to adolescence.
