James Hinton
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199243297
- eISBN:
- 9780191714054
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199243297.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter returns to the antagonism between the WVS and other women's organizations, a relationship further embittered by an ill-conceived government attempt to force an amalgamation of WVS with ...
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This chapter returns to the antagonism between the WVS and other women's organizations, a relationship further embittered by an ill-conceived government attempt to force an amalgamation of WVS with the National Council of Social Services. The WVS survived because largely Lady Reading succeeded in convincing Whitehall that it could provide effective auxiliary services for the statutory authorities. Its hierarchical structure, which so offended leaders of established voluntary organizations, was crucial to its effectiveness as a handmaiden of the planning state: ‘an organized service with a proper chain of command’ as Labour's Home Secretary put it.Less
This chapter returns to the antagonism between the WVS and other women's organizations, a relationship further embittered by an ill-conceived government attempt to force an amalgamation of WVS with the National Council of Social Services. The WVS survived because largely Lady Reading succeeded in convincing Whitehall that it could provide effective auxiliary services for the statutory authorities. Its hierarchical structure, which so offended leaders of established voluntary organizations, was crucial to its effectiveness as a handmaiden of the planning state: ‘an organized service with a proper chain of command’ as Labour's Home Secretary put it.
Peter Grant
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780197264829
- eISBN:
- 9780191754036
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264829.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter considers the experience of the First World War to demonstrate that state mobilisation does not necessarily crowd out voluntary endeavour. While the scale of volunteering to fight in ...
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This chapter considers the experience of the First World War to demonstrate that state mobilisation does not necessarily crowd out voluntary endeavour. While the scale of volunteering to fight in that conflict has long been appreciated, the equivalent voluntary effort on the home front has been neglected by historians. This chapter charts the scale, coordination and regulation of this voluntary activity, from the establishment of the National Relief Fund, to the appointment of a Director General of Voluntary Organisations in 1915 and the 1916 War Charities Act. It is argued that the War encouraged professionalisation and innovation within the charity sector, while also embedding a notion of voluntarism working hand in hand with the state.Less
This chapter considers the experience of the First World War to demonstrate that state mobilisation does not necessarily crowd out voluntary endeavour. While the scale of volunteering to fight in that conflict has long been appreciated, the equivalent voluntary effort on the home front has been neglected by historians. This chapter charts the scale, coordination and regulation of this voluntary activity, from the establishment of the National Relief Fund, to the appointment of a Director General of Voluntary Organisations in 1915 and the 1916 War Charities Act. It is argued that the War encouraged professionalisation and innovation within the charity sector, while also embedding a notion of voluntarism working hand in hand with the state.
Florence Passy
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199251780
- eISBN:
- 9780191599057
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199251789.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
Identifies specific network mechanisms at the individual level and illustrates how different social networks affect recruitment and individual participation in different voluntary organizations and ...
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Identifies specific network mechanisms at the individual level and illustrates how different social networks affect recruitment and individual participation in different voluntary organizations and social movement organizations. Socialization functions of social networks create an initial disposition to participate; structural‐connection functions generate practical opportunities for involvement; decision‐shaping functions affect the ultimate decision to take part. Empirical evidence comes from members of two political organizations active in the solidarity movement and the environmental movement in Switzerland, the Bern Declaration and WWF.Less
Identifies specific network mechanisms at the individual level and illustrates how different social networks affect recruitment and individual participation in different voluntary organizations and social movement organizations. Socialization functions of social networks create an initial disposition to participate; structural‐connection functions generate practical opportunities for involvement; decision‐shaping functions affect the ultimate decision to take part. Empirical evidence comes from members of two political organizations active in the solidarity movement and the environmental movement in Switzerland, the Bern Declaration and WWF.
Jane Lewis
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199266722
- eISBN:
- 9780191601941
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199266727.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Economy
Presents a comparative overview of non-profit or third-sector organizations in a wider welfare policy and civil society context. It addresses the social, economic, and political developments that ...
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Presents a comparative overview of non-profit or third-sector organizations in a wider welfare policy and civil society context. It addresses the social, economic, and political developments that have made this set of institutions more central to policy debates in developed market economies; in particular, within a broad policy framework known as the Third Way, which, unlike other policy approaches, pays the greatest and most systematic attention to the non-profit sector. The chapter finds that the strength of the Third Way stance toward the non-profit sector is closely related to its weakness: Because its basic perspective towards voluntarism and civil society overlaps significantly with those of neo-liberalism on the one hand, and with approaches in reformed minded post-corporatists countries, its distinct policy thrust is hard to fathom. Indeed, many countries practice some form of ‘third-wayism’ in their search for new policy approaches to modernize the welfare state.Less
Presents a comparative overview of non-profit or third-sector organizations in a wider welfare policy and civil society context. It addresses the social, economic, and political developments that have made this set of institutions more central to policy debates in developed market economies; in particular, within a broad policy framework known as the Third Way, which, unlike other policy approaches, pays the greatest and most systematic attention to the non-profit sector. The chapter finds that the strength of the Third Way stance toward the non-profit sector is closely related to its weakness: Because its basic perspective towards voluntarism and civil society overlaps significantly with those of neo-liberalism on the one hand, and with approaches in reformed minded post-corporatists countries, its distinct policy thrust is hard to fathom. Indeed, many countries practice some form of ‘third-wayism’ in their search for new policy approaches to modernize the welfare state.
Jeffrey C. Alexander
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195162509
- eISBN:
- 9780199943364
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195162509.003.0020
- Subject:
- Sociology, Culture
Civil society should be understood not merely in terms of contrasting symbolic categories but as structures of feeling, the diffusely sensed obligations and rights that represent, and are at the same ...
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Civil society should be understood not merely in terms of contrasting symbolic categories but as structures of feeling, the diffusely sensed obligations and rights that represent, and are at the same time evoked by, contrasting solidary ties. Collective representations of such social relationships are broadcast by civil society institutions specializing in communicative, not regulative tasks—by the mass media, public opinion polls, and voluntary organizations. The structures of feeling that such institutions produce must be conceptualized as influence rather than authoritative control, or power in a more structural sense. They institutionalize civil society by creating messages that translate general codes into situationally specific evaluations and descriptions. This chapter analyzes these organizations of influence. It begins by discussing the lifeworld of public opinion which anchors communicative and regulative institutions alike.Less
Civil society should be understood not merely in terms of contrasting symbolic categories but as structures of feeling, the diffusely sensed obligations and rights that represent, and are at the same time evoked by, contrasting solidary ties. Collective representations of such social relationships are broadcast by civil society institutions specializing in communicative, not regulative tasks—by the mass media, public opinion polls, and voluntary organizations. The structures of feeling that such institutions produce must be conceptualized as influence rather than authoritative control, or power in a more structural sense. They institutionalize civil society by creating messages that translate general codes into situationally specific evaluations and descriptions. This chapter analyzes these organizations of influence. It begins by discussing the lifeworld of public opinion which anchors communicative and regulative institutions alike.
Annica Kronsell
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199846061
- eISBN:
- 9780199933099
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199846061.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter explores how the national defense was founded on gendered ideas around nation making processes and notions of citizenship. It is exemplified with Swedish military and defense practice ...
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This chapter explores how the national defense was founded on gendered ideas around nation making processes and notions of citizenship. It is exemplified with Swedish military and defense practice with a focus on the connection between the defense and the nation through military conscription and voluntary defense organizations. The nation was gendered and men were the “neutral soldiers” acting as protectors of the nation, in the name of a specific militarism associated with neutrality—women were “the beautiful souls” to be protected, defined outside conscription, and military practice. Women’s political agency was limited and commonly associated with motherhood. Any other role that women pursued posed a challenge to the defense organization. The “woman-in-arms” identity was shown to be particularly problematic. Sweden pursued a neutral foreign policy yet the national defense was influenced by militarism. This “neutral” militarism was widely dispersed throughout society, trickled down through the state via conscription and voluntary defense organizations and was connected to everyday tasks.Less
This chapter explores how the national defense was founded on gendered ideas around nation making processes and notions of citizenship. It is exemplified with Swedish military and defense practice with a focus on the connection between the defense and the nation through military conscription and voluntary defense organizations. The nation was gendered and men were the “neutral soldiers” acting as protectors of the nation, in the name of a specific militarism associated with neutrality—women were “the beautiful souls” to be protected, defined outside conscription, and military practice. Women’s political agency was limited and commonly associated with motherhood. Any other role that women pursued posed a challenge to the defense organization. The “woman-in-arms” identity was shown to be particularly problematic. Sweden pursued a neutral foreign policy yet the national defense was influenced by militarism. This “neutral” militarism was widely dispersed throughout society, trickled down through the state via conscription and voluntary defense organizations and was connected to everyday tasks.
Stein Ringen, Huck-Ju Kwon, Ilcheong Yi, Taekyoon Kim, and Jooha Lee
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199734351
- eISBN:
- 9780199895373
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199734351.003.0004
- Subject:
- Social Work, Social Policy
This chapter deals with how the Korean state has been ruled through a less well-known partnership of government and civil society, in the form of voluntary agencies. Along with a symbiotic ...
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This chapter deals with how the Korean state has been ruled through a less well-known partnership of government and civil society, in the form of voluntary agencies. Along with a symbiotic partnership with big business, it has also depended from the outset on a second and intrinsic coalition with voluntary agencies, for its effective provision of social services. Over time, voluntary counterparts have been altered, ranging from foreign relief agencies in the period of aid economy, through quasi-voluntary organisations during the period of authoritarian developmentalism, to advocacy civic groups in the post-democratization era. Government has relied on a combination of legal and institutional strategies to tie voluntarism with social accountability for service provision. Voluntary agencies marshaled national networks to challenge or cooperate with state policies. Mixed governance has been shifting, depending on the capacity of voluntarism to influence state policies and the power balance between hard state and soft voluntarism.Less
This chapter deals with how the Korean state has been ruled through a less well-known partnership of government and civil society, in the form of voluntary agencies. Along with a symbiotic partnership with big business, it has also depended from the outset on a second and intrinsic coalition with voluntary agencies, for its effective provision of social services. Over time, voluntary counterparts have been altered, ranging from foreign relief agencies in the period of aid economy, through quasi-voluntary organisations during the period of authoritarian developmentalism, to advocacy civic groups in the post-democratization era. Government has relied on a combination of legal and institutional strategies to tie voluntarism with social accountability for service provision. Voluntary agencies marshaled national networks to challenge or cooperate with state policies. Mixed governance has been shifting, depending on the capacity of voluntarism to influence state policies and the power balance between hard state and soft voluntarism.
Hugh Cunningham
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781526146380
- eISBN:
- 9781526152077
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7765/9781526146397.00016
- Subject:
- History, Social History
By the outbreak of the First World War there was talk of the services offered by the state working in harmony with voluntary organisations. It was notable in such discussions that ‘philanthropy’ was ...
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By the outbreak of the First World War there was talk of the services offered by the state working in harmony with voluntary organisations. It was notable in such discussions that ‘philanthropy’ was rarely mentioned. In the war itself there was a huge increase in the number of charities and some attempt to give them a voice in the National Council of Social Service. Post-war the tone of discussion changed in ways damaging to philanthropy. It was seen as ‘Victorian’, condescending. The new language was about citizenship, democracy, social work, voluntary organisations and volunteering. But if philanthropy was in many ways redundant there were attempts to revive it, most notably by Elizabeth Macadam in The New Philanthropy (1934) and by William Beveridge in Voluntary Action (1948). Neither had much impact. It was easy to imagine that philanthropy and philanthropists would soon belong to the past. Revival came with growing criticism of the welfare state and, from the 1970s, the renewed confidence in markets that led eventually to the implementation of a neoliberal agenda. It was less a distrust of markets, more the accumulation of vast individual wealth that markets had made possible, that opened the door for another ‘new philanthropy’.Less
By the outbreak of the First World War there was talk of the services offered by the state working in harmony with voluntary organisations. It was notable in such discussions that ‘philanthropy’ was rarely mentioned. In the war itself there was a huge increase in the number of charities and some attempt to give them a voice in the National Council of Social Service. Post-war the tone of discussion changed in ways damaging to philanthropy. It was seen as ‘Victorian’, condescending. The new language was about citizenship, democracy, social work, voluntary organisations and volunteering. But if philanthropy was in many ways redundant there were attempts to revive it, most notably by Elizabeth Macadam in The New Philanthropy (1934) and by William Beveridge in Voluntary Action (1948). Neither had much impact. It was easy to imagine that philanthropy and philanthropists would soon belong to the past. Revival came with growing criticism of the welfare state and, from the 1970s, the renewed confidence in markets that led eventually to the implementation of a neoliberal agenda. It was less a distrust of markets, more the accumulation of vast individual wealth that markets had made possible, that opened the door for another ‘new philanthropy’.
Andrea Principi, Per H. Jensen, and Giovanni Lamura (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9781447307204
- eISBN:
- 9781447303145
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447307204.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Gerontology and Ageing
‘Active ageing’ has become a key phrase in discourses about challenges and remedies for demographic ageing and the enrolment of older adults into voluntary work is an important dimension of it. The ...
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‘Active ageing’ has become a key phrase in discourses about challenges and remedies for demographic ageing and the enrolment of older adults into voluntary work is an important dimension of it. The pattern and factors conditioning volunteering among older people has so far been an under-researched topic in Europe and this is the first book to study volunteering among older people comparatively and comprehensively. In this topical book older people's volunteering is studied comparatively in eight European countries representing different kinds of welfare regimes, at the structural, macro, meso and micro levels. Overall it highlights how different interactions between the levels facilitate or hinder older people's inclusion in voluntary work and makes policy suggestions for an integrated strategy. This book provides important new insights for academics and students interested in ageing societies, active ageing and voluntary work. It will also be of great value for policy makers and practitioner in third sector, older volunteers and voluntary organisations.Less
‘Active ageing’ has become a key phrase in discourses about challenges and remedies for demographic ageing and the enrolment of older adults into voluntary work is an important dimension of it. The pattern and factors conditioning volunteering among older people has so far been an under-researched topic in Europe and this is the first book to study volunteering among older people comparatively and comprehensively. In this topical book older people's volunteering is studied comparatively in eight European countries representing different kinds of welfare regimes, at the structural, macro, meso and micro levels. Overall it highlights how different interactions between the levels facilitate or hinder older people's inclusion in voluntary work and makes policy suggestions for an integrated strategy. This book provides important new insights for academics and students interested in ageing societies, active ageing and voluntary work. It will also be of great value for policy makers and practitioner in third sector, older volunteers and voluntary organisations.
Andrea Principi and Jolanta Perek-Białas
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9781447307204
- eISBN:
- 9781447303145
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447307204.003.0011
- Subject:
- Sociology, Gerontology and Ageing
This chapter is the first one, out of three that focus on opportunities and restrictions for older volunteers from an organisational perspective, based on 73 case studies carried out among European ...
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This chapter is the first one, out of three that focus on opportunities and restrictions for older volunteers from an organisational perspective, based on 73 case studies carried out among European voluntary organisations. The chapter provides the main methodological information about the case study research conducted across the eight countries included in the study. It informs about the main criteria adopted for selecting voluntary organisations, i.e. the activity sector and age-structure of the volunteer workforce. The main characteristics of the voluntary organisations investigated are also shown. After methodological matters, the organisational internal management of older volunteers is analysed in this chapter, in terms of policies, behaviours and attitudes. This has meant to explore organisational age management initiatives regarding volunteers, and also organisational opinions and existing barriers for older volunteers. The study also identifies what type of voluntary organisations could experience more barriers than opportunities for volunteering in older age.Less
This chapter is the first one, out of three that focus on opportunities and restrictions for older volunteers from an organisational perspective, based on 73 case studies carried out among European voluntary organisations. The chapter provides the main methodological information about the case study research conducted across the eight countries included in the study. It informs about the main criteria adopted for selecting voluntary organisations, i.e. the activity sector and age-structure of the volunteer workforce. The main characteristics of the voluntary organisations investigated are also shown. After methodological matters, the organisational internal management of older volunteers is analysed in this chapter, in terms of policies, behaviours and attitudes. This has meant to explore organisational age management initiatives regarding volunteers, and also organisational opinions and existing barriers for older volunteers. The study also identifies what type of voluntary organisations could experience more barriers than opportunities for volunteering in older age.
Christine Milligan and Nicholas R. Fyfe
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861346322
- eISBN:
- 9781447302650
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861346322.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Organizations
This chapter explores how the UK voluntary sector is responding to the political drive to reposition its role in the planning and delivery of social welfare, and how this is manifest at local level. ...
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This chapter explores how the UK voluntary sector is responding to the political drive to reposition its role in the planning and delivery of social welfare, and how this is manifest at local level. It presents case study material from the Scottish City of Glasgow, which illustrates the impacts of changing regeneration and social inclusion policies on the development of the voluntary sector over time. The case study indicates that while the UK voluntary sector may be facing similar challenges, such a polarised debate is perhaps too simplistic and needs to take account of the diversity of the sector both in terms of organisational size and variation in the development of subsectors within the voluntary sector. It is demonstrated that while the new localism and governance arrangements can create a dynamic mosaic of opportunities for voluntary organisations to develop services in spatially defined communities, they can also facilitate complex patterns of voluntary sector inclusion and exclusion that act to reinforce existing patterns of unevenness. This chapter also explores how changes in urban policy and the shift to local governance and partnership working is affecting local voluntary sector development.Less
This chapter explores how the UK voluntary sector is responding to the political drive to reposition its role in the planning and delivery of social welfare, and how this is manifest at local level. It presents case study material from the Scottish City of Glasgow, which illustrates the impacts of changing regeneration and social inclusion policies on the development of the voluntary sector over time. The case study indicates that while the UK voluntary sector may be facing similar challenges, such a polarised debate is perhaps too simplistic and needs to take account of the diversity of the sector both in terms of organisational size and variation in the development of subsectors within the voluntary sector. It is demonstrated that while the new localism and governance arrangements can create a dynamic mosaic of opportunities for voluntary organisations to develop services in spatially defined communities, they can also facilitate complex patterns of voluntary sector inclusion and exclusion that act to reinforce existing patterns of unevenness. This chapter also explores how changes in urban policy and the shift to local governance and partnership working is affecting local voluntary sector development.
Robert Wuthnow
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691157207
- eISBN:
- 9781400846498
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691157207.003.0006
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
This chapter examines the role of formal and informal leaders, including local public officials and heads of voluntary organizations, in small communities' efforts to adapt to changing social and ...
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This chapter examines the role of formal and informal leaders, including local public officials and heads of voluntary organizations, in small communities' efforts to adapt to changing social and economic conditions. It considers how residents confer respect on leaders and how leaders draw on this respect in performing their roles. Leaders discuss why they take on civic responsibilities, the gratifications and frustrations involved, and how these activities serve as stepping-stones for public office in larger venues. Although it is sometimes suggested that small towns lack interesting cultural amenities, local cultural leadership is particularly important, and figures prominently in communities' understanding of their distinctive history and identity. The chapter also shows that small towns are laboratories for social innovation, judging from leaders' descriptions of new technology, electronic communications, sustainable energy projects, and efforts to rebuild following natural disasters.Less
This chapter examines the role of formal and informal leaders, including local public officials and heads of voluntary organizations, in small communities' efforts to adapt to changing social and economic conditions. It considers how residents confer respect on leaders and how leaders draw on this respect in performing their roles. Leaders discuss why they take on civic responsibilities, the gratifications and frustrations involved, and how these activities serve as stepping-stones for public office in larger venues. Although it is sometimes suggested that small towns lack interesting cultural amenities, local cultural leadership is particularly important, and figures prominently in communities' understanding of their distinctive history and identity. The chapter also shows that small towns are laboratories for social innovation, judging from leaders' descriptions of new technology, electronic communications, sustainable energy projects, and efforts to rebuild following natural disasters.
Butt Jabeer
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861342201
- eISBN:
- 9781447302919
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861342201.003.0011
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This chapter examines the partnerships between black and ethnic minority voluntary organisations and local government in England as a way to challenge racism. It considers the stresses and strains in ...
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This chapter examines the partnerships between black and ethnic minority voluntary organisations and local government in England as a way to challenge racism. It considers the stresses and strains in maintaining partnerships that are designed to bring about change or challenge oppression. The analyses of these types of partnerships reveal that black and minority ethnic voluntary organisations appear to have some of the tools required to provide an appropriate service and they have been able to earn the trust of their users.Less
This chapter examines the partnerships between black and ethnic minority voluntary organisations and local government in England as a way to challenge racism. It considers the stresses and strains in maintaining partnerships that are designed to bring about change or challenge oppression. The analyses of these types of partnerships reveal that black and minority ethnic voluntary organisations appear to have some of the tools required to provide an appropriate service and they have been able to earn the trust of their users.
Rachel M. McCleary
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195371178
- eISBN:
- 9780199870592
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195371178.003.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
An overview of the book’s main issues is presented: food aid, the role of the military in humanitarian aid, funding priorities, and the future of foreign aid. PVO financial independence is ...
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An overview of the book’s main issues is presented: food aid, the role of the military in humanitarian aid, funding priorities, and the future of foreign aid. PVO financial independence is interrelated with types of federal funding mechanisms. To find out how much federal assistance PVOs received over time, a large data set on revenue and expenditures was constructed from 1939 to 2005 for all U.S.-based PVOs engaged in foreign assistance and registered with the federal government. The data set is new and the most comprehensive on U.S.-based PVOs. This introduction describes the data and characterizes the main trends among religious and secular PVOs since 1939. Analysis of the data produces findings that are contrary to widely held perceptions about PVOs and their relationship with the federal government. Two predominant myths are dispelled. Religious agencies have been integral to international humanitarian and development efforts since the formalization of the field in 1939. PVOs over the decades have increasingly sought federal funding and once recipients of federal dollars, they become an interest group.Less
An overview of the book’s main issues is presented: food aid, the role of the military in humanitarian aid, funding priorities, and the future of foreign aid. PVO financial independence is interrelated with types of federal funding mechanisms. To find out how much federal assistance PVOs received over time, a large data set on revenue and expenditures was constructed from 1939 to 2005 for all U.S.-based PVOs engaged in foreign assistance and registered with the federal government. The data set is new and the most comprehensive on U.S.-based PVOs. This introduction describes the data and characterizes the main trends among religious and secular PVOs since 1939. Analysis of the data produces findings that are contrary to widely held perceptions about PVOs and their relationship with the federal government. Two predominant myths are dispelled. Religious agencies have been integral to international humanitarian and development efforts since the formalization of the field in 1939. PVOs over the decades have increasingly sought federal funding and once recipients of federal dollars, they become an interest group.
Joop Schippers and Andrea Principi
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9781447307204
- eISBN:
- 9781447303145
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447307204.003.0013
- Subject:
- Sociology, Gerontology and Ageing
Across Europe voluntary organisations are aware of the main challenges population ageing is going to bring to them with respect to the volunteer workforce. This is reflected in the opinions they ...
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Across Europe voluntary organisations are aware of the main challenges population ageing is going to bring to them with respect to the volunteer workforce. This is reflected in the opinions they express and the age management strategies they have already implied or are considering to imply. Voluntary organisations particularly underlined the role played by staff shortages, service quality and older volunteers' high experience and competencies as relevant aspects to explain why recruitment, satisfaction and also retainment of older volunteer are essential in the current scenario of increased longevity and population ageing. Successful strategies would require to pay more attention to training and flexibility in terms of tasks, hours spent on volunteering and the duration of volunteer activities and overall more planning.Less
Across Europe voluntary organisations are aware of the main challenges population ageing is going to bring to them with respect to the volunteer workforce. This is reflected in the opinions they express and the age management strategies they have already implied or are considering to imply. Voluntary organisations particularly underlined the role played by staff shortages, service quality and older volunteers' high experience and competencies as relevant aspects to explain why recruitment, satisfaction and also retainment of older volunteer are essential in the current scenario of increased longevity and population ageing. Successful strategies would require to pay more attention to training and flexibility in terms of tasks, hours spent on volunteering and the duration of volunteer activities and overall more planning.
Rachel M. McCleary
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195371178
- eISBN:
- 9780199870592
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195371178.001.1
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This book examines how American foreign policy has shaped the relationship between international private voluntary organizations and the U.S. federal government. Private voluntary organizations ...
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This book examines how American foreign policy has shaped the relationship between international private voluntary organizations and the U.S. federal government. Private voluntary organizations (PVOs)—Americares Foundation, Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, CARE, World Vision, and Catholic Relief Services, to name just a few—perform a vital function. They are the expression of human caring overseas, a compassion that was formalized during World War II and has continued to grow since. Through the dispersing of foreign aid, the U.S. government has relied on agencies to carry out humanitarian and development activities overseas. Using a new data set on revenue (private, federal, and international) from 1939 to 2005, this book analyzes the nature of PVO financial dependence of the federal government and how U.S. foreign policy influences federal funding mechanisms for PVOs.Less
This book examines how American foreign policy has shaped the relationship between international private voluntary organizations and the U.S. federal government. Private voluntary organizations (PVOs)—Americares Foundation, Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, CARE, World Vision, and Catholic Relief Services, to name just a few—perform a vital function. They are the expression of human caring overseas, a compassion that was formalized during World War II and has continued to grow since. Through the dispersing of foreign aid, the U.S. government has relied on agencies to carry out humanitarian and development activities overseas. Using a new data set on revenue (private, federal, and international) from 1939 to 2005, this book analyzes the nature of PVO financial dependence of the federal government and how U.S. foreign policy influences federal funding mechanisms for PVOs.
Andrea Principi, Carlos Chiatti, and Giovanni Lamura
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9781447307204
- eISBN:
- 9781447303145
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447307204.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Gerontology and Ageing
This chapter informs on the main opportunities and restrictions for older volunteers in Italy, through an examination across different levels (i.e. micro, meso, macro and structural). For example, ...
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This chapter informs on the main opportunities and restrictions for older volunteers in Italy, through an examination across different levels (i.e. micro, meso, macro and structural). For example, the involvement, the preferences and the motivations of older volunteers have been scrutinised by considering interconnections with voluntary organisations, the welfare mix, the institutional level and cultural attitudes. Among other results, it has been argued that the dimension of older volunteering may be considerably under-estimated in Italy, due to a cultural propensity not to perceive self-expressive volunteer activities, as real “volunteering”. As a consequence of this, self-expressive volunteering among older people is not captured by the available data. The chapter also identifies main challenges on how to improve the match between supplies of older candidates with the demand of voluntary organisations in the future, in Italy.Less
This chapter informs on the main opportunities and restrictions for older volunteers in Italy, through an examination across different levels (i.e. micro, meso, macro and structural). For example, the involvement, the preferences and the motivations of older volunteers have been scrutinised by considering interconnections with voluntary organisations, the welfare mix, the institutional level and cultural attitudes. Among other results, it has been argued that the dimension of older volunteering may be considerably under-estimated in Italy, due to a cultural propensity not to perceive self-expressive volunteer activities, as real “volunteering”. As a consequence of this, self-expressive volunteering among older people is not captured by the available data. The chapter also identifies main challenges on how to improve the match between supplies of older candidates with the demand of voluntary organisations in the future, in Italy.
Andrea Principi, Giovanni Lamura, and Per H. Jensen
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9781447307204
- eISBN:
- 9781447303145
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447307204.003.0014
- Subject:
- Sociology, Gerontology and Ageing
This chapter sheds light on two main aspects of volunteering in older age. The first one is the comparative explanation of volunteering in older age in Europe, in terms of size and composition. ...
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This chapter sheds light on two main aspects of volunteering in older age. The first one is the comparative explanation of volunteering in older age in Europe, in terms of size and composition. According to the conceptual framework employed in the book, this comparison is done in the light of five main elements: (1) older volunteers' individual characteristics and predispositions (micro level); (2) voluntary organisations (meso level), (3) the interaction and division of tasks between welfare producing institutions (that is, the welfare mix); (4) governmental policies about volunteering (macro level); and (5) the specific welfare regime. The second aspect, concerns the understanding of how volunteering of older people can be enhanced in Europe. To give an answer to this question, based on the previous European comparison, the main policy challenges to enhance volunteering in older age in Europe have been identified at a country level.Less
This chapter sheds light on two main aspects of volunteering in older age. The first one is the comparative explanation of volunteering in older age in Europe, in terms of size and composition. According to the conceptual framework employed in the book, this comparison is done in the light of five main elements: (1) older volunteers' individual characteristics and predispositions (micro level); (2) voluntary organisations (meso level), (3) the interaction and division of tasks between welfare producing institutions (that is, the welfare mix); (4) governmental policies about volunteering (macro level); and (5) the specific welfare regime. The second aspect, concerns the understanding of how volunteering of older people can be enhanced in Europe. To give an answer to this question, based on the previous European comparison, the main policy challenges to enhance volunteering in older age in Europe have been identified at a country level.
John Offer
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861345318
- eISBN:
- 9781447301455
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861345318.003.0008
- Subject:
- Social Work, Social Policy
This chapter addresses idealism and non-idealism as properties of social theories about voluntary action. It also pays attention to idealist and non-idealist social thought in voluntary organisations ...
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This chapter addresses idealism and non-idealism as properties of social theories about voluntary action. It also pays attention to idealist and non-idealist social thought in voluntary organisations themselves and their purposes. The pro-state idealist social thought in ‘official’ or governmental circles concerning the perceived role of and relationships with voluntary action, and the changes in such thought and in government relationships with voluntary action in the 1970s are then explained. Next, the chapter considers the innovation of classifying voluntary organisations by the kind of social theory they profess in their own ‘mission statements’ and suggests this is helpful in considering voluntary action and the ‘third way’. It examines new approaches to the study of voluntary action in social life, sensitive to the theoretical orientations of all of the parties concerned. It is clear that the framework could not have been constructed unless the three assumptions presented had been abandoned.Less
This chapter addresses idealism and non-idealism as properties of social theories about voluntary action. It also pays attention to idealist and non-idealist social thought in voluntary organisations themselves and their purposes. The pro-state idealist social thought in ‘official’ or governmental circles concerning the perceived role of and relationships with voluntary action, and the changes in such thought and in government relationships with voluntary action in the 1970s are then explained. Next, the chapter considers the innovation of classifying voluntary organisations by the kind of social theory they profess in their own ‘mission statements’ and suggests this is helpful in considering voluntary action and the ‘third way’. It examines new approaches to the study of voluntary action in social life, sensitive to the theoretical orientations of all of the parties concerned. It is clear that the framework could not have been constructed unless the three assumptions presented had been abandoned.
Andrzej Olechnowicz
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198206507
- eISBN:
- 9780191677175
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206507.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Social History
This chapter discusses and examines the work of the National Council of Social Services. It was formed in 1919 and was considered to be the most prominent inter-war voluntary organization. Aside from ...
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This chapter discusses and examines the work of the National Council of Social Services. It was formed in 1919 and was considered to be the most prominent inter-war voluntary organization. Aside from advancing a vision of ‘community’ for those estates based on community centres and associations, the NECC also helped build the idea that council estates had flaws and were dangerous. The NECC also unintentionally contributed to an anti-working-class opinion that partly legitimized anti-working-class politics between the Wars.Less
This chapter discusses and examines the work of the National Council of Social Services. It was formed in 1919 and was considered to be the most prominent inter-war voluntary organization. Aside from advancing a vision of ‘community’ for those estates based on community centres and associations, the NECC also helped build the idea that council estates had flaws and were dangerous. The NECC also unintentionally contributed to an anti-working-class opinion that partly legitimized anti-working-class politics between the Wars.
