Bernard M. Hoekman and Michel M. Kostecki
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198294313
- eISBN:
- 9780191596445
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019829431X.003.0010
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
The various mechanisms allowing for the re‐imposition of trade barriers are discussed in this chapter, which summarizes the rules on––and the economics of––the use of instruments of contingent ...
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The various mechanisms allowing for the re‐imposition of trade barriers are discussed in this chapter, which summarizes the rules on––and the economics of––the use of instruments of contingent protection. These have been very important in dealing with domestic political pressures and allowing the pursuit of non‐economic objectives. In practice, they have often been abused, to the detriment of both national and global welfare. The chapter focuses mainly on the safeguards and exceptions embodied in GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade); those of the GATS (General Agreement on Trade in Services) are very similar or still in development. The different sections are as follows: Renegotiation of concessions; Waivers; Emergency protection and VERs (voluntary export restraints); Antidumping actions; Measures to countervail subsidized imports; Trade restrictions for balance of payments purposes; Infant industry protection; General exceptions; and Conclusion.Less
The various mechanisms allowing for the re‐imposition of trade barriers are discussed in this chapter, which summarizes the rules on––and the economics of––the use of instruments of contingent protection. These have been very important in dealing with domestic political pressures and allowing the pursuit of non‐economic objectives. In practice, they have often been abused, to the detriment of both national and global welfare. The chapter focuses mainly on the safeguards and exceptions embodied in GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade); those of the GATS (General Agreement on Trade in Services) are very similar or still in development. The different sections are as follows: Renegotiation of concessions; Waivers; Emergency protection and VERs (voluntary export restraints); Antidumping actions; Measures to countervail subsidized imports; Trade restrictions for balance of payments purposes; Infant industry protection; General exceptions; and Conclusion.
Gregory Messenger
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198716464
- eISBN:
- 9780191785061
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198716464.003.0004
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law, Company and Commercial Law
This chapter examines the development of the law on safeguard measures at the WTO. It presents a multi-causal account of how the law has developed—identifying the plurality of actors involved. The ...
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This chapter examines the development of the law on safeguard measures at the WTO. It presents a multi-causal account of how the law has developed—identifying the plurality of actors involved. The chapter first introduces safeguard measures and identifies the values that underpin their use and regulation. By drawing attention to the underlying contestations in safeguards law it examines the way in which US debates over safeguards have shaped their formulation at the international level. The chapter then traces the development of a specific requirement under safeguards law, the ‘unforeseen developments’ clause, and examines how its application has changed over the years, across jurisdictional boundaries. Taking a wider view of how safeguards are regulated, the chapter concludes by identifying certain recent trends in safeguards practice and questioning their importance for how we understand WTO law.Less
This chapter examines the development of the law on safeguard measures at the WTO. It presents a multi-causal account of how the law has developed—identifying the plurality of actors involved. The chapter first introduces safeguard measures and identifies the values that underpin their use and regulation. By drawing attention to the underlying contestations in safeguards law it examines the way in which US debates over safeguards have shaped their formulation at the international level. The chapter then traces the development of a specific requirement under safeguards law, the ‘unforeseen developments’ clause, and examines how its application has changed over the years, across jurisdictional boundaries. Taking a wider view of how safeguards are regulated, the chapter concludes by identifying certain recent trends in safeguards practice and questioning their importance for how we understand WTO law.
