Cory T. Miller and Yale E. Cohen
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195326598
- eISBN:
- 9780199864904
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195326598.003.0013
- Subject:
- Psychology, Neuropsychology, Evolutionary Psychology
Vocal communication is a fundamental component of both human and nonhuman animal behavior. Because of the behavioral significance of vocalizations, it is likely that these acoustic signals have had a ...
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Vocal communication is a fundamental component of both human and nonhuman animal behavior. Because of the behavioral significance of vocalizations, it is likely that these acoustic signals have had a significant influence on the evolution of the primate auditory system. An object-centered view of vocalization processing may yield new insights into the nature of the auditory system as well as reveal potential parallels with object processing in the visual system. This chapter (1) provides some background on objects and their categorical organization; (2) reviews the behavioral significance of nonhuman primate vocalizations; (3) discusses a general framework for auditory-object analysis in the context of vocalizations; and (4) overviews neurophysiological studies that examine vocalization processing within this framework with an emphasis on object and categorical processing.Less
Vocal communication is a fundamental component of both human and nonhuman animal behavior. Because of the behavioral significance of vocalizations, it is likely that these acoustic signals have had a significant influence on the evolution of the primate auditory system. An object-centered view of vocalization processing may yield new insights into the nature of the auditory system as well as reveal potential parallels with object processing in the visual system. This chapter (1) provides some background on objects and their categorical organization; (2) reviews the behavioral significance of nonhuman primate vocalizations; (3) discusses a general framework for auditory-object analysis in the context of vocalizations; and (4) overviews neurophysiological studies that examine vocalization processing within this framework with an emphasis on object and categorical processing.
Lorraine McCune
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195177879
- eISBN:
- 9780199870202
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195177879.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Developmental Psychology
Studies of language acquisition often assume that children will simply begin to learn language, without questioning what sets the whole process in motion. This book examines the often-neglected topic ...
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Studies of language acquisition often assume that children will simply begin to learn language, without questioning what sets the whole process in motion. This book examines the often-neglected topic of how children discover the possibility of language and demonstrates that pre-language development involves a dynamic system of social, cognitive, and vocal variables that come together to enable the transition to referential language. The relationship with a caregiver is integral to this development because language is a system of symbolic communication that can emerge only with children's recognition that they are separate from others. This book sees language learning as constructed equally from needing to develop meanings and learning to produce the sounds sequences that represent them. In order for this dual construction to be effective, however, children must discover their capacity to refer to objects and events in the world by having their internal states of focused attention accompanied by an autonomic, physiologically based vocalization, which is the grunt that results from physical or mental effort. When the grunt is intensified and directed at a conversational partner, as when children attempt to convey an internal state, it becomes their first protoword.Less
Studies of language acquisition often assume that children will simply begin to learn language, without questioning what sets the whole process in motion. This book examines the often-neglected topic of how children discover the possibility of language and demonstrates that pre-language development involves a dynamic system of social, cognitive, and vocal variables that come together to enable the transition to referential language. The relationship with a caregiver is integral to this development because language is a system of symbolic communication that can emerge only with children's recognition that they are separate from others. This book sees language learning as constructed equally from needing to develop meanings and learning to produce the sounds sequences that represent them. In order for this dual construction to be effective, however, children must discover their capacity to refer to objects and events in the world by having their internal states of focused attention accompanied by an autonomic, physiologically based vocalization, which is the grunt that results from physical or mental effort. When the grunt is intensified and directed at a conversational partner, as when children attempt to convey an internal state, it becomes their first protoword.
Greta Sokoloff and Mark S. Blumberg
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195162851
- eISBN:
- 9780199863891
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195162851.003.0035
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Behavioral Neuroscience, Techniques
This chapter provides an overview of the contexts, mechanisms, and suggested functions of rat vocalizations. Topics discussed include frequency and temporal characteristics of vocalizations, ...
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This chapter provides an overview of the contexts, mechanisms, and suggested functions of rat vocalizations. Topics discussed include frequency and temporal characteristics of vocalizations, environmental contexts associated with ultrasonic vocalizations, anatomical considerations, functional significance of ultrasonic vocalizations, and the vocalizing rat as a model of human psychological disorders.Less
This chapter provides an overview of the contexts, mechanisms, and suggested functions of rat vocalizations. Topics discussed include frequency and temporal characteristics of vocalizations, environmental contexts associated with ultrasonic vocalizations, anatomical considerations, functional significance of ultrasonic vocalizations, and the vocalizing rat as a model of human psychological disorders.
Thomas T. Struhsaker
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198529583
- eISBN:
- 9780191712746
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198529583.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
Based on field studies spanning nearly 40 years, this reference book summarizes and integrates past research with new and previously unpublished information on the behavioral ecology of Africa's red ...
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Based on field studies spanning nearly 40 years, this reference book summarizes and integrates past research with new and previously unpublished information on the behavioral ecology of Africa's red colobus monkeys from study sites as diverse as Senegal, Uganda, and Zanzibar. It provides an unparalleled compilation of information on taxonomy, genetics, vocalizations, demography, social organization, dispersal, social behavior, reproduction, mortality factors, diet, ranging patterns, interspecific relations, and conservation. Social relationships in red colobus are less rigidly structured than in other African monkeys, resulting in considerable variation in social organization and group composition, both within and between taxa. This provides a unique opportunity to examine the extent to which social variables correlate with differences in habitat quality, demography, and predation by chimpanzees, and humans. Unfortunately, at least half of the 18 taxa of red colobus are now threatened with extinction. Conservation problems are described, causal factors identified, and solutions proposed. This volume is intended not only to serve as a reference book, but to stimulate and guide future long-term research and to encourage effective conservation action.Less
Based on field studies spanning nearly 40 years, this reference book summarizes and integrates past research with new and previously unpublished information on the behavioral ecology of Africa's red colobus monkeys from study sites as diverse as Senegal, Uganda, and Zanzibar. It provides an unparalleled compilation of information on taxonomy, genetics, vocalizations, demography, social organization, dispersal, social behavior, reproduction, mortality factors, diet, ranging patterns, interspecific relations, and conservation. Social relationships in red colobus are less rigidly structured than in other African monkeys, resulting in considerable variation in social organization and group composition, both within and between taxa. This provides a unique opportunity to examine the extent to which social variables correlate with differences in habitat quality, demography, and predation by chimpanzees, and humans. Unfortunately, at least half of the 18 taxa of red colobus are now threatened with extinction. Conservation problems are described, causal factors identified, and solutions proposed. This volume is intended not only to serve as a reference book, but to stimulate and guide future long-term research and to encourage effective conservation action.
Myron C. Baker and David E. Gammon
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198569992
- eISBN:
- 9780191717802
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198569992.003.0013
- Subject:
- Biology, Ornithology
This chapter summarizes investigations of a common vocalization in the repertoire of the black-capped chickadee. This vocalization, known as the gargle call, has an ontogeny that is dependent upon ...
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This chapter summarizes investigations of a common vocalization in the repertoire of the black-capped chickadee. This vocalization, known as the gargle call, has an ontogeny that is dependent upon learning occurring from early life through adulthood. As is the case for the territorial songs of a great many species of songbirds, social interactions most likely play a significant role in gargle call ontogeny. Thus, these calls evidently result from ‘socially biased individual learning,’ simply termed ‘social learning’ in this chapter. In examining the gargle call, this chapter gives a brief description of the call, provides information on the ontogeny of the call as it occurs in natural populations, and describes the fundamental features of the call, the nature and extent of sharing of calls by birds in a local area, and the similarities and changes in calls across time. Furthermore, observational and experimental evidence on the roles of the calls in the social lives of the birds is reported, and inferences are drawn about the ways social behaviour selects based on vocal convergence among birds in a local area, and the possible functional significance of convergence.Less
This chapter summarizes investigations of a common vocalization in the repertoire of the black-capped chickadee. This vocalization, known as the gargle call, has an ontogeny that is dependent upon learning occurring from early life through adulthood. As is the case for the territorial songs of a great many species of songbirds, social interactions most likely play a significant role in gargle call ontogeny. Thus, these calls evidently result from ‘socially biased individual learning,’ simply termed ‘social learning’ in this chapter. In examining the gargle call, this chapter gives a brief description of the call, provides information on the ontogeny of the call as it occurs in natural populations, and describes the fundamental features of the call, the nature and extent of sharing of calls by birds in a local area, and the similarities and changes in calls across time. Furthermore, observational and experimental evidence on the roles of the calls in the social lives of the birds is reported, and inferences are drawn about the ways social behaviour selects based on vocal convergence among birds in a local area, and the possible functional significance of convergence.
Ted R. Anderson
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195304114
- eISBN:
- 9780199790012
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195304114.003.0007
- Subject:
- Biology, Ornithology
The House Sparrow is a highly social species with a broad range of vocal and visual signals. Five basic vocalizations are described, and sonagraphs of examples of each are presented, along with a ...
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The House Sparrow is a highly social species with a broad range of vocal and visual signals. Five basic vocalizations are described, and sonagraphs of examples of each are presented, along with a discussion of their functions. Visual signals as well as communal roosts and their potential use as information centers among individuals are also described.Less
The House Sparrow is a highly social species with a broad range of vocal and visual signals. Five basic vocalizations are described, and sonagraphs of examples of each are presented, along with a discussion of their functions. Visual signals as well as communal roosts and their potential use as information centers among individuals are also described.
Thomas T. Struhsaker
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198529583
- eISBN:
- 9780191712746
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198529583.003.0002
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
This chapter summarizes the major features of previously unpublished recordings of red colobus vocalizations and speculates on their phylogenetic implications. It compares loud calls between taxa in ...
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This chapter summarizes the major features of previously unpublished recordings of red colobus vocalizations and speculates on their phylogenetic implications. It compares loud calls between taxa in terms of their function, stimulus situations, and sex of the vocalizer. Finally, it considers the possible semantic content of some of these vocalizations.Less
This chapter summarizes the major features of previously unpublished recordings of red colobus vocalizations and speculates on their phylogenetic implications. It compares loud calls between taxa in terms of their function, stimulus situations, and sex of the vocalizer. Finally, it considers the possible semantic content of some of these vocalizations.
Angelos Chaniotis
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780197265062
- eISBN:
- 9780191754173
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265062.003.0014
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, European History: BCE to 500CE
This chapter explores how the gamut of responses to the presence of an inscription has to include not just sight and touch but also imagination and vocalisation. Being meant to be read aloud, they ...
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This chapter explores how the gamut of responses to the presence of an inscription has to include not just sight and touch but also imagination and vocalisation. Being meant to be read aloud, they convey a reader's voice as well as that of the inscription itself or that of the dead person commemorated on a gravestone. Even more immediate is the potential impact when a person's actual words are preserved and displayed. They may be in direct speech, illustrated by letters and confessions, or in indirect speech as records of manumissions, minutes of meetings, or jokes. They may alternatively be performative speech, in the form of acclamations, formal declarations, oaths, prayers or hymns; and can equally be reports of oral events such as meetings or even public demonstrations. They can also be couched in various forms of emotional language, whether uttered by individuals (graffiti, prayers or the edicts of angry rulers) or more collectively and formally in secular or religious acclamations, and even in decrees of state. A final section emphasises the need for practitioners of the discipline of epigraphy to be missionaries — to spread the word about the value of visible words.Less
This chapter explores how the gamut of responses to the presence of an inscription has to include not just sight and touch but also imagination and vocalisation. Being meant to be read aloud, they convey a reader's voice as well as that of the inscription itself or that of the dead person commemorated on a gravestone. Even more immediate is the potential impact when a person's actual words are preserved and displayed. They may be in direct speech, illustrated by letters and confessions, or in indirect speech as records of manumissions, minutes of meetings, or jokes. They may alternatively be performative speech, in the form of acclamations, formal declarations, oaths, prayers or hymns; and can equally be reports of oral events such as meetings or even public demonstrations. They can also be couched in various forms of emotional language, whether uttered by individuals (graffiti, prayers or the edicts of angry rulers) or more collectively and formally in secular or religious acclamations, and even in decrees of state. A final section emphasises the need for practitioners of the discipline of epigraphy to be missionaries — to spread the word about the value of visible words.
J. Eduardo P. W. Bicudo, William A. Buttemer, Mark A. Chappell, James T. Pearson, and Claus Bech
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199228447
- eISBN:
- 9780191711305
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199228447.003.0006
- Subject:
- Biology, Ornithology
Birds are able to perform numerous tasks with a high degree of complexity. It is not apparent that the structures associated with the cognitive ability of the bird brain are comparable to those of ...
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Birds are able to perform numerous tasks with a high degree of complexity. It is not apparent that the structures associated with the cognitive ability of the bird brain are comparable to those of their mammalian counterparts. As with other parts of the body, the brains of distantly related species tend to be derived from the same basic elements found in the common ancestor; they exhibit homology. So although the common ancestor of birds and mammals lived approximately 300 million years ago, studies of extant reptiles have revealed that the reptilian (therapsid and sauropsid) forebrain is cortical-like in origin and therefore the common ancestor should also have shared this trait. If so, the forebrain of modern birds and mammals is expected to be cortical-like as well. This seems to be the case. This chapter focuses on the neural specializations found in birds, notably those important in foraging, long-distance navigation, and song production.Less
Birds are able to perform numerous tasks with a high degree of complexity. It is not apparent that the structures associated with the cognitive ability of the bird brain are comparable to those of their mammalian counterparts. As with other parts of the body, the brains of distantly related species tend to be derived from the same basic elements found in the common ancestor; they exhibit homology. So although the common ancestor of birds and mammals lived approximately 300 million years ago, studies of extant reptiles have revealed that the reptilian (therapsid and sauropsid) forebrain is cortical-like in origin and therefore the common ancestor should also have shared this trait. If so, the forebrain of modern birds and mammals is expected to be cortical-like as well. This seems to be the case. This chapter focuses on the neural specializations found in birds, notably those important in foraging, long-distance navigation, and song production.
Vernon Reynolds
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198515463
- eISBN:
- 9780191705656
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198515463.003.0007
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
The grooming, sexual behaviour, and relationships of chimpanzees are described. Both sexes are promiscuous. Female chimpanzees display sexual swellings when in receptive condition and males compete ...
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The grooming, sexual behaviour, and relationships of chimpanzees are described. Both sexes are promiscuous. Female chimpanzees display sexual swellings when in receptive condition and males compete to mate with them, especially at the time of ovulation. Reproductive success is analyzed quantitatively and it is shown that the two alpha males for whom data are available achieved greater success than any of the other males, who nevertheless, in some cases, did sire offspring. Those males who compete for high status may form alliances to out-manoeuvre opponents. Vocal communication has become highly sophisticated and pant-hooting in choruses is a striking example of long-distance calling. When associating together, facial expressions and gestures, and a range of vocalizations about which we as yet know little, express intentions, status, and information about food abundance.Less
The grooming, sexual behaviour, and relationships of chimpanzees are described. Both sexes are promiscuous. Female chimpanzees display sexual swellings when in receptive condition and males compete to mate with them, especially at the time of ovulation. Reproductive success is analyzed quantitatively and it is shown that the two alpha males for whom data are available achieved greater success than any of the other males, who nevertheless, in some cases, did sire offspring. Those males who compete for high status may form alliances to out-manoeuvre opponents. Vocal communication has become highly sophisticated and pant-hooting in choruses is a striking example of long-distance calling. When associating together, facial expressions and gestures, and a range of vocalizations about which we as yet know little, express intentions, status, and information about food abundance.
Lizabeth M. Romanski and Asif A. Ghazanfar
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195326598
- eISBN:
- 9780199864904
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195326598.003.0025
- Subject:
- Psychology, Neuropsychology, Evolutionary Psychology
By exploring how existing primates use their vocalizations, numerous investigators are building a rigorous, testable framework for how speech might have evolved. Some have suggested that the ability ...
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By exploring how existing primates use their vocalizations, numerous investigators are building a rigorous, testable framework for how speech might have evolved. Some have suggested that the ability to develop/evolve language depends on the ability to form multisensory associations, and imply that this ability is unique to humans. If its multisensory nature is a fundamental feature of human speech, whereby visual/facial and vocal signals are inextricably linked, then how did such a mechanism evolve? This chapter explores this issue by presenting (1) behavioral evidence that nonhuman primates integrate face and voice information; (2) anatomical evidence that the temporal and frontal cortices of primates are reciprocally connected and are part of a circuit that subserves the integration of face and vocal signals; and (3) physiological evidence that cortical areas in the temporal and frontal lobes of primates show integrative responses to combined face/voice stimuli.Less
By exploring how existing primates use their vocalizations, numerous investigators are building a rigorous, testable framework for how speech might have evolved. Some have suggested that the ability to develop/evolve language depends on the ability to form multisensory associations, and imply that this ability is unique to humans. If its multisensory nature is a fundamental feature of human speech, whereby visual/facial and vocal signals are inextricably linked, then how did such a mechanism evolve? This chapter explores this issue by presenting (1) behavioral evidence that nonhuman primates integrate face and voice information; (2) anatomical evidence that the temporal and frontal cortices of primates are reciprocally connected and are part of a circuit that subserves the integration of face and vocal signals; and (3) physiological evidence that cortical areas in the temporal and frontal lobes of primates show integrative responses to combined face/voice stimuli.
Hisae Gemba
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195134971
- eISBN:
- 9780199864157
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195134971.003.0008
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Behavioral Neuroscience, Molecular and Cellular Systems
This chapter presents a study in which a monkey was trained for hand movement and vocalization, and cortical field potentials were recorded during the movement by a pair of electrodes implanted in ...
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This chapter presents a study in which a monkey was trained for hand movement and vocalization, and cortical field potentials were recorded during the movement by a pair of electrodes implanted in the cerebral cortex in the monkey. The potentials were analyzed in connection with behavioral observations. The chapter argues that the specific response to information—i.e., to move or not to move, and to move willingly or reluctantly—is judged and decided on in the prefrontal cortex. It is also suggested that the limbic system is more significant in vocalization than in hand movements.Less
This chapter presents a study in which a monkey was trained for hand movement and vocalization, and cortical field potentials were recorded during the movement by a pair of electrodes implanted in the cerebral cortex in the monkey. The potentials were analyzed in connection with behavioral observations. The chapter argues that the specific response to information—i.e., to move or not to move, and to move willingly or reluctantly—is judged and decided on in the prefrontal cortex. It is also suggested that the limbic system is more significant in vocalization than in hand movements.
Christopher B. Balme
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198184447
- eISBN:
- 9780191674266
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198184447.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, Drama
This chapter discusses the deviation from dramatic dialogue in post-colonial theatre. There are numerous occasions where dialogue is replaced by other modes of linguistic communication. The most ...
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This chapter discusses the deviation from dramatic dialogue in post-colonial theatre. There are numerous occasions where dialogue is replaced by other modes of linguistic communication. The most important of these deviations is oral performance. Various forms of lyric-musical songs or verse are usually integrated into oral performances, where dramatists make use of the song or poetry as a way of approximating the structural features and functions of indigenous cultural texts. Another deviation from dramatic dialogue is the use of paralinguistic signs in the form of recognizable culturally specific vocalizations.Less
This chapter discusses the deviation from dramatic dialogue in post-colonial theatre. There are numerous occasions where dialogue is replaced by other modes of linguistic communication. The most important of these deviations is oral performance. Various forms of lyric-musical songs or verse are usually integrated into oral performances, where dramatists make use of the song or poetry as a way of approximating the structural features and functions of indigenous cultural texts. Another deviation from dramatic dialogue is the use of paralinguistic signs in the form of recognizable culturally specific vocalizations.
Onur Güntürkün
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195334654
- eISBN:
- 9780199933167
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195334654.003.0027
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience, Cognitive Psychology
Until the 1970s, cerebral asymmetries were thought to be unique to humans. However, left-right differences of brain and function are not only widespread among mammals, but also among many other ...
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Until the 1970s, cerebral asymmetries were thought to be unique to humans. However, left-right differences of brain and function are not only widespread among mammals, but also among many other vertebrates. Thus, cerebral asymmetry is a ubiquitous phenomenon that possibly is not the exception, but the rule. Brain asymmetries deeply affect the neural processes of vision at all levels of analysis. This chapter reviews animal asymmetries of handedness and vocalization, as well as visual asymmetries of features and space.Less
Until the 1970s, cerebral asymmetries were thought to be unique to humans. However, left-right differences of brain and function are not only widespread among mammals, but also among many other vertebrates. Thus, cerebral asymmetry is a ubiquitous phenomenon that possibly is not the exception, but the rule. Brain asymmetries deeply affect the neural processes of vision at all levels of analysis. This chapter reviews animal asymmetries of handedness and vocalization, as well as visual asymmetries of features and space.
Joshua D Pilzer
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199759569
- eISBN:
- 9780199932306
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199759569.003.0004
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
The author investigates the life and songs of Mun Pilgi, a survivor of the “comfort woman” system who lives in Seoul and later in the House of Sharing. Mun Pilgi sang canonical pop songs, which she ...
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The author investigates the life and songs of Mun Pilgi, a survivor of the “comfort woman” system who lives in Seoul and later in the House of Sharing. Mun Pilgi sang canonical pop songs, which she learned from records and radio as she reached out to participate in a society and a public culture that had ostracized her. She set these songs and their society against her traumatic memories and nightmares. And as she adopted and modified songs, she modified those memories. In her treasured pop ballads, she discovered and sustained an ideal love and the innocence to sustain it; this character which she developed in song exerted a marked influence on the political movement, in which she was an ardent participant.Less
The author investigates the life and songs of Mun Pilgi, a survivor of the “comfort woman” system who lives in Seoul and later in the House of Sharing. Mun Pilgi sang canonical pop songs, which she learned from records and radio as she reached out to participate in a society and a public culture that had ostracized her. She set these songs and their society against her traumatic memories and nightmares. And as she adopted and modified songs, she modified those memories. In her treasured pop ballads, she discovered and sustained an ideal love and the innocence to sustain it; this character which she developed in song exerted a marked influence on the political movement, in which she was an ardent participant.
Hans Kruuk
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- April 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198565871
- eISBN:
- 9780191728228
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198565871.003.0006
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology, Animal Biology
Olfactory communication is important; in all but sea otters, faeces (‘spraints’) are used for scent-marking. In Eurasian otters this is highly seasonal, associated with feeding and food availability, ...
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Olfactory communication is important; in all but sea otters, faeces (‘spraints’) are used for scent-marking. In Eurasian otters this is highly seasonal, associated with feeding and food availability, enabling spacing-out between individuals. Vocal communication is elaborate, especially in gregarious species; giant otters use underwater vocalizations. Aggressive behaviour in Eurasian otters is inter- and intra-sexual, with fights mostly between males. Sexual behaviour is described. In almost all species only the female is involved in parental care, which is very prolonged (often more than 1 year) compared with similar-sized carnivores. The sea otter carries one single cub, showing great attachment. Eurasian otter cubs reach maximum fishing efficiency after almost 2 yrs. The long dependency is likely related to the problems of catching fish, and it affects population dynamics.Less
Olfactory communication is important; in all but sea otters, faeces (‘spraints’) are used for scent-marking. In Eurasian otters this is highly seasonal, associated with feeding and food availability, enabling spacing-out between individuals. Vocal communication is elaborate, especially in gregarious species; giant otters use underwater vocalizations. Aggressive behaviour in Eurasian otters is inter- and intra-sexual, with fights mostly between males. Sexual behaviour is described. In almost all species only the female is involved in parental care, which is very prolonged (often more than 1 year) compared with similar-sized carnivores. The sea otter carries one single cub, showing great attachment. Eurasian otter cubs reach maximum fishing efficiency after almost 2 yrs. The long dependency is likely related to the problems of catching fish, and it affects population dynamics.
Duane M. Rumbaugh and David A. Washburn
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300099836
- eISBN:
- 9780300129359
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300099836.003.0020
- Subject:
- Psychology, Evolutionary Psychology
This epilogue presents a brief narrative of Kanzi's accomplishments. Kanzi has come forth with new lessons that relate to language and emergent operations. He was able to modulate his vocalizations ...
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This epilogue presents a brief narrative of Kanzi's accomplishments. Kanzi has come forth with new lessons that relate to language and emergent operations. He was able to modulate his vocalizations to produce different sounds and respond to different things. Spectographic analysis for Kanzi's vocal productions and vocalizations reveals that the structures of the vocalizations are predictable and consistent even across wide variations in Kanzi's emotional state.Less
This epilogue presents a brief narrative of Kanzi's accomplishments. Kanzi has come forth with new lessons that relate to language and emergent operations. He was able to modulate his vocalizations to produce different sounds and respond to different things. Spectographic analysis for Kanzi's vocal productions and vocalizations reveals that the structures of the vocalizations are predictable and consistent even across wide variations in Kanzi's emotional state.
D. Kimbrough Oller
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- April 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195179873
- eISBN:
- 9780199893706
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195179873.003.0002
- Subject:
- Psychology, Developmental Psychology, Clinical Child Psychology / School Psychology
This chapter examines the shift of perspective that is required in order to elucidate how advances in vocalizations which occur as infants, deaf or hearing, begin to show a capacity to produce ...
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This chapter examines the shift of perspective that is required in order to elucidate how advances in vocalizations which occur as infants, deaf or hearing, begin to show a capacity to produce well-formed speech. Topics discussed include a historical perspective on obstacles to effective research on deaf infant babbling, myths regarding the babbling of deaf infants, modern perspective on vocalizations in infancy, the age of onset of canonical babbling in hearing and deaf infants, the importance of keeping track of severity of hearing loss, and recommendations about description of early vocalizations in deaf infants.Less
This chapter examines the shift of perspective that is required in order to elucidate how advances in vocalizations which occur as infants, deaf or hearing, begin to show a capacity to produce well-formed speech. Topics discussed include a historical perspective on obstacles to effective research on deaf infant babbling, myths regarding the babbling of deaf infants, modern perspective on vocalizations in infancy, the age of onset of canonical babbling in hearing and deaf infants, the importance of keeping track of severity of hearing loss, and recommendations about description of early vocalizations in deaf infants.
Pierre-Yves Oudeyer
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199289158
- eISBN:
- 9780191711091
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199289158.003.0006
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
This chapter formally describes the first version of the artificial system, and shows its dynamics, which involves the formation of a discrete speech code shared by a population of agents who ...
More
This chapter formally describes the first version of the artificial system, and shows its dynamics, which involves the formation of a discrete speech code shared by a population of agents who initially only pronounce unstructured and holistic vocalizations, and do not follow any rules of coordinated interaction. In particular, it discusses the role that morphological constraints on the vocal and perceptual apparatus may or may not play in the formation of speech codes.Less
This chapter formally describes the first version of the artificial system, and shows its dynamics, which involves the formation of a discrete speech code shared by a population of agents who initially only pronounce unstructured and holistic vocalizations, and do not follow any rules of coordinated interaction. In particular, it discusses the role that morphological constraints on the vocal and perceptual apparatus may or may not play in the formation of speech codes.
Pierre-Yves Oudeyer
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199289158
- eISBN:
- 9780191711091
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199289158.003.0007
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
This chapter presents another kind of the artificial system in which, by contrast with Chapter 6, it will not be assumed that the agents are capable from the outset of retrieving articulatory ...
More
This chapter presents another kind of the artificial system in which, by contrast with Chapter 6, it will not be assumed that the agents are capable from the outset of retrieving articulatory representations of the sounds which they hear. This capacity will be learned through generic neural architecture. The chapter also makes use of a model of the human vocal tract for vowel production, specifies the analogy between artificial and human systems. It shows that the statistical regularities which describe the vowel systems of populations of artificial agents are very similar to those of the vowel systems of human languages.Less
This chapter presents another kind of the artificial system in which, by contrast with Chapter 6, it will not be assumed that the agents are capable from the outset of retrieving articulatory representations of the sounds which they hear. This capacity will be learned through generic neural architecture. The chapter also makes use of a model of the human vocal tract for vowel production, specifies the analogy between artificial and human systems. It shows that the statistical regularities which describe the vowel systems of populations of artificial agents are very similar to those of the vowel systems of human languages.
