Karen Chase
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199564361
- eISBN:
- 9780191722592
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199564361.003.0009
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism
This brief afterward glances at the growing prominence of the elderly by the century's end, and connects it to the increase in visibility brought about by reforms in institutional care, the passing ...
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This brief afterward glances at the growing prominence of the elderly by the century's end, and connects it to the increase in visibility brought about by reforms in institutional care, the passing of an Old Age Pensions Bill, the maturing of gerontology as a medical discipline, the increasing awareness of a generational divide, and not the least, by the narratives, journalism and portraits of aging which it has been the task and the pleasure of this book to analyze.Less
This brief afterward glances at the growing prominence of the elderly by the century's end, and connects it to the increase in visibility brought about by reforms in institutional care, the passing of an Old Age Pensions Bill, the maturing of gerontology as a medical discipline, the increasing awareness of a generational divide, and not the least, by the narratives, journalism and portraits of aging which it has been the task and the pleasure of this book to analyze.
Melanie M. Morey and John J. Piderit
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195305517
- eISBN:
- 9780199784813
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195305515.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
This chapter discusses how a pervasive institutional culture at Catholic colleges and universities has eroded in the absence of highly visible, knowledgeable, and committed nuns, brothers, and ...
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This chapter discusses how a pervasive institutional culture at Catholic colleges and universities has eroded in the absence of highly visible, knowledgeable, and committed nuns, brothers, and priests. It defines what a critical mass of knowledgeable and committed Catholic faculty members means for each of the four models of Catholic colleges and universities. It offers strategies for developing visible clusters of committed and knowledgeable faculty and administrators who can serve as religious cultural catalysts on each of the four types of campuses.Less
This chapter discusses how a pervasive institutional culture at Catholic colleges and universities has eroded in the absence of highly visible, knowledgeable, and committed nuns, brothers, and priests. It defines what a critical mass of knowledgeable and committed Catholic faculty members means for each of the four models of Catholic colleges and universities. It offers strategies for developing visible clusters of committed and knowledgeable faculty and administrators who can serve as religious cultural catalysts on each of the four types of campuses.
Theresa Levitt
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199544707
- eISBN:
- 9780191720178
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199544707.001.0001
- Subject:
- Physics, History of Physics
This work places revolutionary advances in light and optics in the cultural context of France in the first half of the 19th century. The narrative follows the work and careers of France's two chief ...
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This work places revolutionary advances in light and optics in the cultural context of France in the first half of the 19th century. The narrative follows the work and careers of France's two chief rivals on the subject of light: Arago and Biot. Their disagreement began on the subject of technical optics, but expanded to include politics, religion, agricultural policy, education, dinner companions, housing arrangements, photography, railroads, vital forces, astrology, the Egyptian calendar, and colonial slavery. At the heart of their disagreement was always a question of visibility, and the extent of transparency or obscurity they assigned to the world. Optical transparency formed a crucial condition for Arago's vision of a liberal republic governed by reason. Biot's call for strong forms of authority rested on his claims that the world did not offer itself up for universal agreement so easily.Less
This work places revolutionary advances in light and optics in the cultural context of France in the first half of the 19th century. The narrative follows the work and careers of France's two chief rivals on the subject of light: Arago and Biot. Their disagreement began on the subject of technical optics, but expanded to include politics, religion, agricultural policy, education, dinner companions, housing arrangements, photography, railroads, vital forces, astrology, the Egyptian calendar, and colonial slavery. At the heart of their disagreement was always a question of visibility, and the extent of transparency or obscurity they assigned to the world. Optical transparency formed a crucial condition for Arago's vision of a liberal republic governed by reason. Biot's call for strong forms of authority rested on his claims that the world did not offer itself up for universal agreement so easily.
Éric Marty
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780197266670
- eISBN:
- 9780191905391
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197266670.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, Film, Media, and Cultural Studies
With Roland Barthes par Roland Barthes (1975), Barthes broke with a taboo on the image shared by most Modern thinkers: a Marxist and structuralist puritanism closely associated with a violent ...
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With Roland Barthes par Roland Barthes (1975), Barthes broke with a taboo on the image shared by most Modern thinkers: a Marxist and structuralist puritanism closely associated with a violent critique of mimesis. The break Barthes introduced derived primarily from his uncoupling of mimesis from the regime of visibility particular to the image. The importance of Barthes’s little book will be explored by placing it in the context of Modernity. On the one hand, it will be read in relation to readings of the image associated with Barthes’s contemporaries (for example, Foucault on Velazquez’s Las Meninas); on the other, it will be read alongside his earlier and later proclamations relative to the image, from Mythologies to La Chambre claire. A shift will be traced from the rejection of mimesis in favour of non-figuration, to the emergence of a more fundamental visual paradigm for Barthes of animate/inanimate, initially accounting for his stated preference for photography over cinema, but ultimately neutralised, in the second part of La Chambre claire, through his discussion of the female automaton sequence in Fellini’s Casanova, and its fetishistic relation to the invisible/visible presence of the Winter Garden photo of Barthes’s mother as a child.Less
With Roland Barthes par Roland Barthes (1975), Barthes broke with a taboo on the image shared by most Modern thinkers: a Marxist and structuralist puritanism closely associated with a violent critique of mimesis. The break Barthes introduced derived primarily from his uncoupling of mimesis from the regime of visibility particular to the image. The importance of Barthes’s little book will be explored by placing it in the context of Modernity. On the one hand, it will be read in relation to readings of the image associated with Barthes’s contemporaries (for example, Foucault on Velazquez’s Las Meninas); on the other, it will be read alongside his earlier and later proclamations relative to the image, from Mythologies to La Chambre claire. A shift will be traced from the rejection of mimesis in favour of non-figuration, to the emergence of a more fundamental visual paradigm for Barthes of animate/inanimate, initially accounting for his stated preference for photography over cinema, but ultimately neutralised, in the second part of La Chambre claire, through his discussion of the female automaton sequence in Fellini’s Casanova, and its fetishistic relation to the invisible/visible presence of the Winter Garden photo of Barthes’s mother as a child.
Kenneth H. Craik
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195330922
- eISBN:
- 9780199868292
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195330922.003.0006
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
Chapter 6 considers the person as both agent and resultant of reputation. The person seeks to convey a particular social image to others while using feedback from others as a source of ...
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Chapter 6 considers the person as both agent and resultant of reputation. The person seeks to convey a particular social image to others while using feedback from others as a source of self-knowledge. General renown and approbation are seen as sources of social acceptance and social capital within a person’s community. This chapter examines the craft wisdom to be found in the professional realm of reputation management that is increasingly available to public figures, celebrities, and corporations. Publicity agencies offer proactive services to mold, circulate, and protect public visibility and image. False assertions may threaten our reputation, but we might also actually engage in undeniably disreputable conduct. For either case, a guild of specialists is ready to come to the rescue and provide reputation damage control.Less
Chapter 6 considers the person as both agent and resultant of reputation. The person seeks to convey a particular social image to others while using feedback from others as a source of self-knowledge. General renown and approbation are seen as sources of social acceptance and social capital within a person’s community. This chapter examines the craft wisdom to be found in the professional realm of reputation management that is increasingly available to public figures, celebrities, and corporations. Publicity agencies offer proactive services to mold, circulate, and protect public visibility and image. False assertions may threaten our reputation, but we might also actually engage in undeniably disreputable conduct. For either case, a guild of specialists is ready to come to the rescue and provide reputation damage control.
Sam Cherribi
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199734115
- eISBN:
- 9780199866113
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199734115.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
This chapter contemplates developments in ethnic political leadership, and the internal and external effects this is having on contested issues in wider European and transnational contexts, as well ...
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This chapter contemplates developments in ethnic political leadership, and the internal and external effects this is having on contested issues in wider European and transnational contexts, as well as the emergence of ethnic political leadership that had never before been so visible in the public arena. The chapter focuses on two outspoken social critics, both people of color with Muslim backgrounds who are political asylum seekers turned European citizens with major political ambitions. But the similarities end there. Dyad Abou Jahjah and Ayaan Hirsi Ali differ fundamentally in their political orientations and positions: one is against the political establishment and the other is a celebrated member of the political establishment. They also differ fundamentally in their perspectives on Islam. And, because of their genders, they also differ dramatically in their life experiences.Less
This chapter contemplates developments in ethnic political leadership, and the internal and external effects this is having on contested issues in wider European and transnational contexts, as well as the emergence of ethnic political leadership that had never before been so visible in the public arena. The chapter focuses on two outspoken social critics, both people of color with Muslim backgrounds who are political asylum seekers turned European citizens with major political ambitions. But the similarities end there. Dyad Abou Jahjah and Ayaan Hirsi Ali differ fundamentally in their political orientations and positions: one is against the political establishment and the other is a celebrated member of the political establishment. They also differ fundamentally in their perspectives on Islam. And, because of their genders, they also differ dramatically in their life experiences.
Amy C. Steinbugler
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199743551
- eISBN:
- 9780199979370
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199743551.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
This chapter analyzes another form of racework that interracial partners use in public spaces—visibility management. By managing their visibility, interracial couples anticipate and protect ...
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This chapter analyzes another form of racework that interracial partners use in public spaces—visibility management. By managing their visibility, interracial couples anticipate and protect themselves against racial prejudice and homophobia. In discussing these practices, this chapter draws on Erving Goffman’s notions of stigma and stigma management. It first examines the public experiences of interracial partners specifically in light of their sexuality, a perspective absent in past research. Heterosexual couples report feeling their racial difference as particularly salient in social spaces, though they intermittently experience moments when their racial difference makes them less, not more, visible. When the couple includes a Black man and a White woman, partners often experience hypervisibility. For same-sex partners, especially lesbians, racial difference increases the experience of invisibility. There is also evidence in these narratives that racial difference may sharpen the homophobia directed at couples when they are recognized as intimate partners. The second half of the chapter examines the racework that interracial partners use to manage visibility and discusses why same-sex interracial partners engage in these social practices more often than heterosexual partners.Less
This chapter analyzes another form of racework that interracial partners use in public spaces—visibility management. By managing their visibility, interracial couples anticipate and protect themselves against racial prejudice and homophobia. In discussing these practices, this chapter draws on Erving Goffman’s notions of stigma and stigma management. It first examines the public experiences of interracial partners specifically in light of their sexuality, a perspective absent in past research. Heterosexual couples report feeling their racial difference as particularly salient in social spaces, though they intermittently experience moments when their racial difference makes them less, not more, visible. When the couple includes a Black man and a White woman, partners often experience hypervisibility. For same-sex partners, especially lesbians, racial difference increases the experience of invisibility. There is also evidence in these narratives that racial difference may sharpen the homophobia directed at couples when they are recognized as intimate partners. The second half of the chapter examines the racework that interracial partners use to manage visibility and discusses why same-sex interracial partners engage in these social practices more often than heterosexual partners.
Thomas W. Cronin, Sönke Johnsen, N. Justin Marshall, and Eric J. Warrant
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691151847
- eISBN:
- 9781400853021
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691151847.003.0009
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
This chapter argues that it is important to understand vision through attenuating media, especially for visual ecologists studying aquatic species. Few areas of visual ecology are filled with more ...
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This chapter argues that it is important to understand vision through attenuating media, especially for visual ecologists studying aquatic species. Few areas of visual ecology are filled with more misconceptions, however. Common myths include: that visibility is degraded entirely by light scattering; that water is blue due to light scattering; and that one can see farther underwater using yellow lens filters because they screen out the blue, scattered light. The chapter dispels these myths and explores how vision is affected by both water and fog. There is only a small section on contrast attenuation in air because it is a far less significant issue in nearly all cases. Air does indeed absorb and scatter light. However, it does so to a much, much lesser extent than water does.Less
This chapter argues that it is important to understand vision through attenuating media, especially for visual ecologists studying aquatic species. Few areas of visual ecology are filled with more misconceptions, however. Common myths include: that visibility is degraded entirely by light scattering; that water is blue due to light scattering; and that one can see farther underwater using yellow lens filters because they screen out the blue, scattered light. The chapter dispels these myths and explores how vision is affected by both water and fog. There is only a small section on contrast attenuation in air because it is a far less significant issue in nearly all cases. Air does indeed absorb and scatter light. However, it does so to a much, much lesser extent than water does.
Rushmir Mahmutćehajić
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823227518
- eISBN:
- 9780823237029
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fso/9780823227518.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
Will and love can be in opposition. A person is situated between these extremes, given that he is in relation with fullness on the basis of faith, which is not possible without free will. And free ...
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Will and love can be in opposition. A person is situated between these extremes, given that he is in relation with fullness on the basis of faith, which is not possible without free will. And free will opens up for him the space between nothingness and fullness. Beauty, closeness, and similarity stand in contrast to greatness, distance, and difference. Thus, it is possible to say that the entirety of existence diverges between the extremes of greatness and beauty. That duality is in complete harmony and confirms oneness. All phenomena that reveal oneness are arranged into invisibility or visibility, or between the heavens and the earth. The invisible and the visible, and the heavens and the earth, are in the nature of every phenomenon. A man may, on the basis of free will, deny that harmony that is with Reality, but he cannot surpass it. It comes back to him one way or another.Less
Will and love can be in opposition. A person is situated between these extremes, given that he is in relation with fullness on the basis of faith, which is not possible without free will. And free will opens up for him the space between nothingness and fullness. Beauty, closeness, and similarity stand in contrast to greatness, distance, and difference. Thus, it is possible to say that the entirety of existence diverges between the extremes of greatness and beauty. That duality is in complete harmony and confirms oneness. All phenomena that reveal oneness are arranged into invisibility or visibility, or between the heavens and the earth. The invisible and the visible, and the heavens and the earth, are in the nature of every phenomenon. A man may, on the basis of free will, deny that harmony that is with Reality, but he cannot surpass it. It comes back to him one way or another.
Simon J. Evnine
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199239948
- eISBN:
- 9780191716898
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199239948.003.0006
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind, Metaphysics/Epistemology
Having beliefs means that persons occupy epistemic perspectives. Having a point of view is associated with transparency in belief. However, beliefs can also be visible to their bearers and, in that ...
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Having beliefs means that persons occupy epistemic perspectives. Having a point of view is associated with transparency in belief. However, beliefs can also be visible to their bearers and, in that case, demands of impartiality require that we form beliefs about our beliefs that parallel our beliefs about the beliefs of others. This conflicts with the ways in which those beliefs determine points of view. Thus, being a person, it is argued, means being unable to be fully objective about one's own beliefs. Persons are both inside and outside the world they represent to themselves. This view, aspectual dualism, is associated with Kant, Strawson, Nagel and Richard Moran among others.Less
Having beliefs means that persons occupy epistemic perspectives. Having a point of view is associated with transparency in belief. However, beliefs can also be visible to their bearers and, in that case, demands of impartiality require that we form beliefs about our beliefs that parallel our beliefs about the beliefs of others. This conflicts with the ways in which those beliefs determine points of view. Thus, being a person, it is argued, means being unable to be fully objective about one's own beliefs. Persons are both inside and outside the world they represent to themselves. This view, aspectual dualism, is associated with Kant, Strawson, Nagel and Richard Moran among others.
Lisa Silverman
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199794843
- eISBN:
- 9780199950072
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794843.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History, History of Religion
This chapter examines how Hugo Bettauer’s 1923 novel The City Without Jews explicitly addresses the way in which the presence of Jews in interwar Vienna was in fact conditional upon their accepting ...
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This chapter examines how Hugo Bettauer’s 1923 novel The City Without Jews explicitly addresses the way in which the presence of Jews in interwar Vienna was in fact conditional upon their accepting an abstract form of their own “absence.” By omitting Jewish women from the text, the book also reveals how Jewish men predicated the possibility of their own presence upon the effacement of Jewish women. The implications of this gendered absence are explored via examples from the publishing industry. Publishers provided opportunities for Jewish women to earn a living as writers, translators, and literary agents, but only at the price of strictly limiting their content. Vicki Baum was more successful in the German market, but the rigidity with which she was marketed as a New Woman by her Jewish publishers in Berlin indicates the strict limits placed upon her visibility in the public sphere. Ironically, those same limits allowed Austrian writers like Mela Hartwig to experiment with less mainstream writing styles and content, albeit at the cost of Jewish visibility. The lives of these writers underscore the various ways in which Austrian literature—and its accompanying rules of consumption—framed the condition of Jewish “absence.”Less
This chapter examines how Hugo Bettauer’s 1923 novel The City Without Jews explicitly addresses the way in which the presence of Jews in interwar Vienna was in fact conditional upon their accepting an abstract form of their own “absence.” By omitting Jewish women from the text, the book also reveals how Jewish men predicated the possibility of their own presence upon the effacement of Jewish women. The implications of this gendered absence are explored via examples from the publishing industry. Publishers provided opportunities for Jewish women to earn a living as writers, translators, and literary agents, but only at the price of strictly limiting their content. Vicki Baum was more successful in the German market, but the rigidity with which she was marketed as a New Woman by her Jewish publishers in Berlin indicates the strict limits placed upon her visibility in the public sphere. Ironically, those same limits allowed Austrian writers like Mela Hartwig to experiment with less mainstream writing styles and content, albeit at the cost of Jewish visibility. The lives of these writers underscore the various ways in which Austrian literature—and its accompanying rules of consumption—framed the condition of Jewish “absence.”
Jean‐Paul Brodeur
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199740598
- eISBN:
- 9780199866083
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199740598.003.0006
- Subject:
- Law, Criminal Law and Criminology
Chapter 5 is devoted to the work of uniformed as opposed to plainclothes police. It first asks who they are. Data on sociological variables such as age, sex, education, and ethnic status are ...
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Chapter 5 is devoted to the work of uniformed as opposed to plainclothes police. It first asks who they are. Data on sociological variables such as age, sex, education, and ethnic status are presented, with a focus on the recruitment of women. Second, the author raises the question of what police actually do during their working hours. Two issues are discussed on the basis of meta‐analyses of fifty-one empirical studies and the general opinion of more than twenty researchers. The first is the time allocated by the police in uniform to crime control and the second is the proportion of their working time that is committed to specific duties as opposed to time that is uncommitted to anything specific. Finally, the two most important means of policing in uniform—police visibility and the use of coercion—are the object of a discussion stressing their limitations.Less
Chapter 5 is devoted to the work of uniformed as opposed to plainclothes police. It first asks who they are. Data on sociological variables such as age, sex, education, and ethnic status are presented, with a focus on the recruitment of women. Second, the author raises the question of what police actually do during their working hours. Two issues are discussed on the basis of meta‐analyses of fifty-one empirical studies and the general opinion of more than twenty researchers. The first is the time allocated by the police in uniform to crime control and the second is the proportion of their working time that is committed to specific duties as opposed to time that is uncommitted to anything specific. Finally, the two most important means of policing in uniform—police visibility and the use of coercion—are the object of a discussion stressing their limitations.
Eoin Carolan
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199568673
- eISBN:
- 9780191721588
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199568673.003.006
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law, Public International Law
This chapter builds on the model which was briefly sketched out in Chapter 5. It examines, in particular, whether the administration is capable in practice of filling the role which has been ...
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This chapter builds on the model which was briefly sketched out in Chapter 5. It examines, in particular, whether the administration is capable in practice of filling the role which has been suggested for it in Chapter 5. The chapter therefore identifies the key characteristics of the administrative process and compares them with those of the other branches of government. It concludes that the administration has particular qualities and limitations which would make it the most appropriate body to represent the interests of the affected individual. In particular, the administration's experience, expertise, flexibility, operational autonomy, and proximity to the subject matter of a proposed measure means that it provides a valuable space for rational deliberation about whether a proposed measure shows due regard for the interests of those potentially affected by it.Less
This chapter builds on the model which was briefly sketched out in Chapter 5. It examines, in particular, whether the administration is capable in practice of filling the role which has been suggested for it in Chapter 5. The chapter therefore identifies the key characteristics of the administrative process and compares them with those of the other branches of government. It concludes that the administration has particular qualities and limitations which would make it the most appropriate body to represent the interests of the affected individual. In particular, the administration's experience, expertise, flexibility, operational autonomy, and proximity to the subject matter of a proposed measure means that it provides a valuable space for rational deliberation about whether a proposed measure shows due regard for the interests of those potentially affected by it.
Richard Pugh and Brain Cheers
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861347213
- eISBN:
- 9781447303305
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861347213.003.0009
- Subject:
- Social Work, Social Policy
This book has emphasised the importance of recognising the diversity of rural contexts and rural lives, the necessity of an informed appreciation of local context, and, following from these, a ...
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This book has emphasised the importance of recognising the diversity of rural contexts and rural lives, the necessity of an informed appreciation of local context, and, following from these, a rejection of any homogenised approach to rural-social-work policy and practice. Some of the commonalities between Western developed countries are due to similarities in social-welfare systems and the fact that these countries are relatively wealthy and, thus, have considerable expenditures allocated to ‘professionalised’ systems of social work. There are other commonalities that derive from the social dynamics of small communities, in which higher social visibility and local cultures, and patterns of relationships, play a great part in how people view social difference and social problems and how these things are experienced. In some countries, similarities arise from the experience of colonisation, whose legacies have resulted in the marginalisation of indigenous populations, the health and welfare prospects of whom are, typically, considerably worse than those of the overall population.Less
This book has emphasised the importance of recognising the diversity of rural contexts and rural lives, the necessity of an informed appreciation of local context, and, following from these, a rejection of any homogenised approach to rural-social-work policy and practice. Some of the commonalities between Western developed countries are due to similarities in social-welfare systems and the fact that these countries are relatively wealthy and, thus, have considerable expenditures allocated to ‘professionalised’ systems of social work. There are other commonalities that derive from the social dynamics of small communities, in which higher social visibility and local cultures, and patterns of relationships, play a great part in how people view social difference and social problems and how these things are experienced. In some countries, similarities arise from the experience of colonisation, whose legacies have resulted in the marginalisation of indigenous populations, the health and welfare prospects of whom are, typically, considerably worse than those of the overall population.
Peter Geimer
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780226471877
- eISBN:
- 9780226471907
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226471907.001.0001
- Subject:
- Art, Photography
According to a widespread assumption the history of technical media (such as photography) has been an enterprise of permanent progress. But the history of photography records countless instances in ...
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According to a widespread assumption the history of technical media (such as photography) has been an enterprise of permanent progress. But the history of photography records countless instances in which the motif never came out at all, was lost somewhere along the way to visibility, or mingled with the artifacts of the medium itself to the point where one became indistinguishable from the other: The rising line of human inventors and their successful inventions has always been counterattacked by the invented itself. In his study Peter Geimer explores this unknown story of photographic accidents, a story that goes to the heart of the question concerning the truth of representation. From an interdisciplinary perspective (covering art history, theory of photography, media studies, and history of science) this book seeks to complement the history of photographic images with a corresponding history of their symptoms, their precarious visibility and the disruptions threatened by image noise. Since accidents reveal what usually disappears in the seeming transparency of the medium. The book explores this nexus from a variety of perspectives and with reference to various artists, amateurs and scientists and proposes to keep both in sight: the technical making and the necessary unpredictability of what is made, the intentional and the accidental aspects, representation and its potential disruption, the production of facts and artifacts.Less
According to a widespread assumption the history of technical media (such as photography) has been an enterprise of permanent progress. But the history of photography records countless instances in which the motif never came out at all, was lost somewhere along the way to visibility, or mingled with the artifacts of the medium itself to the point where one became indistinguishable from the other: The rising line of human inventors and their successful inventions has always been counterattacked by the invented itself. In his study Peter Geimer explores this unknown story of photographic accidents, a story that goes to the heart of the question concerning the truth of representation. From an interdisciplinary perspective (covering art history, theory of photography, media studies, and history of science) this book seeks to complement the history of photographic images with a corresponding history of their symptoms, their precarious visibility and the disruptions threatened by image noise. Since accidents reveal what usually disappears in the seeming transparency of the medium. The book explores this nexus from a variety of perspectives and with reference to various artists, amateurs and scientists and proposes to keep both in sight: the technical making and the necessary unpredictability of what is made, the intentional and the accidental aspects, representation and its potential disruption, the production of facts and artifacts.
Michael T. Gilmore
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195157765
- eISBN:
- 9780199787784
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195157765.003.0007
- Subject:
- Literature, World Literature
This chapter turns to the 20th century and weighs the response of three canonical novels to the new popularity of ocularcentrism. The texts are Wharton’s Summer, Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, and ...
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This chapter turns to the 20th century and weighs the response of three canonical novels to the new popularity of ocularcentrism. The texts are Wharton’s Summer, Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, and Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises, all classics of early modernism. The three books, like their 19th-century precursors, flirt with linguistic and optical revelation. But in the end, they too renounce the imperial claims of the new technologies of visibility.Less
This chapter turns to the 20th century and weighs the response of three canonical novels to the new popularity of ocularcentrism. The texts are Wharton’s Summer, Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, and Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises, all classics of early modernism. The three books, like their 19th-century precursors, flirt with linguistic and optical revelation. But in the end, they too renounce the imperial claims of the new technologies of visibility.
Maiken Umbach
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199557394
- eISBN:
- 9780191721564
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199557394.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History, European Modern History
This chapter analyses the discourse of ‘Bürgerlichkeit’ in German reformist circles, arguing that it designated not a class identity, but the political ambition to invent a modern bourgeois identity, ...
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This chapter analyses the discourse of ‘Bürgerlichkeit’ in German reformist circles, arguing that it designated not a class identity, but the political ambition to invent a modern bourgeois identity, which was defined through individual self‐cultivation (Bildung) on the one hand, and rigorous self‐control and discipline on the other. The chapter traces how this bourgeois habitus emerged out of German Enlightenment culture, and became a prerequisite for the transformation of direct rule into ‘liberal’ or indirect government. This process is exemplified through a close reading of Muthesius's music chamber as a training ground for bourgeois sensibilities and sensory control. The chapter then traces how in modern German cities at large, a new visual openness was constantly kept in check by the invention of new psychic ordering mechanisms, which became more pronounced and openly authoritarian during the Weimar years.Less
This chapter analyses the discourse of ‘Bürgerlichkeit’ in German reformist circles, arguing that it designated not a class identity, but the political ambition to invent a modern bourgeois identity, which was defined through individual self‐cultivation (Bildung) on the one hand, and rigorous self‐control and discipline on the other. The chapter traces how this bourgeois habitus emerged out of German Enlightenment culture, and became a prerequisite for the transformation of direct rule into ‘liberal’ or indirect government. This process is exemplified through a close reading of Muthesius's music chamber as a training ground for bourgeois sensibilities and sensory control. The chapter then traces how in modern German cities at large, a new visual openness was constantly kept in check by the invention of new psychic ordering mechanisms, which became more pronounced and openly authoritarian during the Weimar years.
Linda Martín Alcoff
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- February 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195137347
- eISBN:
- 9780199785773
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195137345.003.0008
- Subject:
- Philosophy, General
This chapter examines the relationship between racism and the visibility of racialized identity. It has been argued in earlier chapters that social identities are hermeneutic locations attached to ...
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This chapter examines the relationship between racism and the visibility of racialized identity. It has been argued in earlier chapters that social identities are hermeneutic locations attached to historical experiences that are also concrete sites of interpretation and understanding. On this account, racial identity is not a product of “race”, but is historically evolving and culturally contextual, and thus it remains unclear that racist hierarchies are necessarily entailed. The historical legacy of racial identities will always carry as a central feature the history of racism, and in this way there is an association of race with racism, but future meanings of racial identity itself are open-ended.Less
This chapter examines the relationship between racism and the visibility of racialized identity. It has been argued in earlier chapters that social identities are hermeneutic locations attached to historical experiences that are also concrete sites of interpretation and understanding. On this account, racial identity is not a product of “race”, but is historically evolving and culturally contextual, and thus it remains unclear that racist hierarchies are necessarily entailed. The historical legacy of racial identities will always carry as a central feature the history of racism, and in this way there is an association of race with racism, but future meanings of racial identity itself are open-ended.
Helga Nowotny and Giuseppe Testa
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780262014939
- eISBN:
- 9780262295802
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262014939.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
This book charts the mutual reconfiguration between scientific and social innovations in and around the molecular life sciences. Today’s biology is making visible what was once invisible. It parses ...
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This book charts the mutual reconfiguration between scientific and social innovations in and around the molecular life sciences. Today’s biology is making visible what was once invisible. It parses life into new units of sense-making and reassembles them into new forms: from genes to clones, from embryonic stages to the building-blocks of synthetic biology. Yet, extracted from their scientific and social context and turned into mobile resources, technical and discursive alike, these new forms of life become not only visible but indeed “naked”: ready to assume an – illusory - essential status and thereby take on multiple values and meanings as they pass from labs to courts, from patent offices to parliaments – and back. Our goal is to cast a new gaze on these dramatic advances in the life sciences by probing their mutual interaction with equally dramatic re-configurations in the political texture of our societies. To this end, we focus on paradigmatic encounters between scientific and social ingenuity, from assisted reproduction through personalized medicine to genetic sports doping. We bring into relief surprising continuities as well as radical discontinuities between innovation and tradition. On this basis we then trace how, when social arrangements appear disrupted, advances in the life sciences combine with “human technologies”–the law, governance, and ethics– to stabilize or innovate social order. This brings us to conclude that the task of institutions in the molecular age is to enable pluralism by carving a legitimate space for experimentation with new forms of biological life as well as with new forms of social life. Less
This book charts the mutual reconfiguration between scientific and social innovations in and around the molecular life sciences. Today’s biology is making visible what was once invisible. It parses life into new units of sense-making and reassembles them into new forms: from genes to clones, from embryonic stages to the building-blocks of synthetic biology. Yet, extracted from their scientific and social context and turned into mobile resources, technical and discursive alike, these new forms of life become not only visible but indeed “naked”: ready to assume an – illusory - essential status and thereby take on multiple values and meanings as they pass from labs to courts, from patent offices to parliaments – and back. Our goal is to cast a new gaze on these dramatic advances in the life sciences by probing their mutual interaction with equally dramatic re-configurations in the political texture of our societies. To this end, we focus on paradigmatic encounters between scientific and social ingenuity, from assisted reproduction through personalized medicine to genetic sports doping. We bring into relief surprising continuities as well as radical discontinuities between innovation and tradition. On this basis we then trace how, when social arrangements appear disrupted, advances in the life sciences combine with “human technologies”–the law, governance, and ethics– to stabilize or innovate social order. This brings us to conclude that the task of institutions in the molecular age is to enable pluralism by carving a legitimate space for experimentation with new forms of biological life as well as with new forms of social life.
R. A. Houston
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198204381
- eISBN:
- 9780191676222
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198204381.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, Social History
This chapter discusses anonymity, visibility, and urban living in Edinburgh. It shows that the city allowed many ways of life to coexist, and that it was experiencing some aspects of what is known as ...
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This chapter discusses anonymity, visibility, and urban living in Edinburgh. It shows that the city allowed many ways of life to coexist, and that it was experiencing some aspects of what is known as ‘urban renaissance’. This new urban culture was healing previous divisions and integrating disparate parts of society. For example, it united the elites but still kept them away from other social groups.Less
This chapter discusses anonymity, visibility, and urban living in Edinburgh. It shows that the city allowed many ways of life to coexist, and that it was experiencing some aspects of what is known as ‘urban renaissance’. This new urban culture was healing previous divisions and integrating disparate parts of society. For example, it united the elites but still kept them away from other social groups.
