Peter Grindley
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198288077
- eISBN:
- 9780191684562
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198288077.003.0004
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Innovation, Strategy
This chapter focuses on the video cassette recorder (VCR), which serves as an excellent example of how product compatibility standards may be used to ensure the success of a new product. Sony Betamax ...
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This chapter focuses on the video cassette recorder (VCR), which serves as an excellent example of how product compatibility standards may be used to ensure the success of a new product. Sony Betamax was ultimately driven out of the market by the more advanced technology of the JVC's VHS system, and the key factor to its success was the standards strategy. This case study shows how the power of network externalities worked by means of the market for complementary goods. It follows the introduction of VCR and shows how standards strategy gradually came to dominate other efforts. It provides some lessons in how to recognize products influenced by compatibility standards. Conventional competition and product features will not have much effect once the installed base effect takes over. The main lesson from the case is how an open standards and market penetration strategy may win against propriety standards.Less
This chapter focuses on the video cassette recorder (VCR), which serves as an excellent example of how product compatibility standards may be used to ensure the success of a new product. Sony Betamax was ultimately driven out of the market by the more advanced technology of the JVC's VHS system, and the key factor to its success was the standards strategy. This case study shows how the power of network externalities worked by means of the market for complementary goods. It follows the introduction of VCR and shows how standards strategy gradually came to dominate other efforts. It provides some lessons in how to recognize products influenced by compatibility standards. Conventional competition and product features will not have much effect once the installed base effect takes over. The main lesson from the case is how an open standards and market penetration strategy may win against propriety standards.
P. A. Geroski
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199248896
- eISBN:
- 9780191596308
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199248893.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Microeconomics
Explains how from a muddle of product proliferation, emerges a dominant design. It begins by noting the interest that both consumers and producers have to standardize products. Then identifies the ...
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Explains how from a muddle of product proliferation, emerges a dominant design. It begins by noting the interest that both consumers and producers have to standardize products. Then identifies the idea of a dominant design with that of a ‘consensus good’ and describes how this ‘consensus’ is reached in the market. Illustrations are drawn from several product‐case studies such as typewriters, computer operating systems, video cassette recorders, automobiles, and quadraphonic sound.Less
Explains how from a muddle of product proliferation, emerges a dominant design. It begins by noting the interest that both consumers and producers have to standardize products. Then identifies the idea of a dominant design with that of a ‘consensus good’ and describes how this ‘consensus’ is reached in the market. Illustrations are drawn from several product‐case studies such as typewriters, computer operating systems, video cassette recorders, automobiles, and quadraphonic sound.
Peter Grindley
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198288077
- eISBN:
- 9780191684562
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198288077.003.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Innovation, Strategy
This chapter introduces the framework for the status of a unique economics of standards including strategy and policy issues. Compatibility standard has been the key success, and the most significant ...
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This chapter introduces the framework for the status of a unique economics of standards including strategy and policy issues. Compatibility standard has been the key success, and the most significant improvements in products such as the video cassette recorder, compact disc and personal computer have depended on the adoption of common standards across an industry. Parallel problems have been viewed for setting standards, including the role of official standard bodies, whether these standards are set by the government authority or market forces. This book also explores the ways in which standards policy may be made more effective and how this book might help both to broaden our understanding of how standards work, and to help establish the standards as a normal component of business strategy.Less
This chapter introduces the framework for the status of a unique economics of standards including strategy and policy issues. Compatibility standard has been the key success, and the most significant improvements in products such as the video cassette recorder, compact disc and personal computer have depended on the adoption of common standards across an industry. Parallel problems have been viewed for setting standards, including the role of official standard bodies, whether these standards are set by the government authority or market forces. This book also explores the ways in which standards policy may be made more effective and how this book might help both to broaden our understanding of how standards work, and to help establish the standards as a normal component of business strategy.
Wheeler Winston Dixon
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748623990
- eISBN:
- 9780748653614
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748623990.001.0001
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
This book provides an overview of twentieth- and twenty-first-century noir and fatalist film practice from 1945 onwards. It demonstrates the ways in which American cinema has inculcated a climate of ...
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This book provides an overview of twentieth- and twenty-first-century noir and fatalist film practice from 1945 onwards. It demonstrates the ways in which American cinema has inculcated a climate of fear in our daily lives, as reinforced, starting in the 1950s, by television, and later video cassettes, and the Internet, to create, by the early twenty-first century a hypersurveillant atmosphere in which no one can avoid the barrage of images that continually assault our senses. The book begins with the return of American soldiers from World War II, ‘liberated’ from war in the Pacific by the newly created atomic bomb, which came to rule American consciousness through much of the 1950s and 1960s and then, in a newer, more small-scale way, become a fixture of terrorist hardware in the post-paranoid era of the twenty-first century. It is constructed in six chapters, each highlighting a particular ‘raising of the cinematic stakes’ in the creation of a completely immersible universe of images. The book expands the definition of noir to include numerous lesser-known works; deals with Red Scare films of the 1950s in the United States; examines the ‘dark side’ of the 1960s, or films that questioned the emerging counterculture; and explores such neo-noir films as The Last Seduction (1993), Angel Heart (1987), The Grifters (1990), Red Rock West (1993), The Usual Suspects (1995), Mulholland Drive (2001), L.A. Confidential (1997) and Memento (2000).Less
This book provides an overview of twentieth- and twenty-first-century noir and fatalist film practice from 1945 onwards. It demonstrates the ways in which American cinema has inculcated a climate of fear in our daily lives, as reinforced, starting in the 1950s, by television, and later video cassettes, and the Internet, to create, by the early twenty-first century a hypersurveillant atmosphere in which no one can avoid the barrage of images that continually assault our senses. The book begins with the return of American soldiers from World War II, ‘liberated’ from war in the Pacific by the newly created atomic bomb, which came to rule American consciousness through much of the 1950s and 1960s and then, in a newer, more small-scale way, become a fixture of terrorist hardware in the post-paranoid era of the twenty-first century. It is constructed in six chapters, each highlighting a particular ‘raising of the cinematic stakes’ in the creation of a completely immersible universe of images. The book expands the definition of noir to include numerous lesser-known works; deals with Red Scare films of the 1950s in the United States; examines the ‘dark side’ of the 1960s, or films that questioned the emerging counterculture; and explores such neo-noir films as The Last Seduction (1993), Angel Heart (1987), The Grifters (1990), Red Rock West (1993), The Usual Suspects (1995), Mulholland Drive (2001), L.A. Confidential (1997) and Memento (2000).
