Paul U. Unschuld
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520257658
- eISBN:
- 9780520944701
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520257658.003.0013
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Medical Anthropology
Historical documents enable us to reconstruct the beginnings of medicine from the second and first centuries bc. These documents are referred as the writings of the Yellow Thearch (also known as the ...
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Historical documents enable us to reconstruct the beginnings of medicine from the second and first centuries bc. These documents are referred as the writings of the Yellow Thearch (also known as the Yellow Emperor), since it was under this name that they were handed down. The description of highly complex systems of vessels in the writings of the Yellow Thearch is in three different orders of magnitude. First, there are the twelve great pathways. Three parallel vessels with four subdivisions each run from the torso to the fingers, from the hands to the head, from the head to the toes and from the feet back to the torso. Second, there are network vessels that act as links between the separate sections of the great pathway system and together comprise a comprehensive network. A third level includes “grandchild” vessels. These depart from different places in the network and end somewhere in the tissues. The writings of the Yellow Thearch paired every great pathway on the left and right sides of the body with a well-defined organ.Less
Historical documents enable us to reconstruct the beginnings of medicine from the second and first centuries bc. These documents are referred as the writings of the Yellow Thearch (also known as the Yellow Emperor), since it was under this name that they were handed down. The description of highly complex systems of vessels in the writings of the Yellow Thearch is in three different orders of magnitude. First, there are the twelve great pathways. Three parallel vessels with four subdivisions each run from the torso to the fingers, from the hands to the head, from the head to the toes and from the feet back to the torso. Second, there are network vessels that act as links between the separate sections of the great pathway system and together comprise a comprehensive network. A third level includes “grandchild” vessels. These depart from different places in the network and end somewhere in the tissues. The writings of the Yellow Thearch paired every great pathway on the left and right sides of the body with a well-defined organ.
C. J. Garland and J. A. Angus (eds)
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780192623874
- eISBN:
- 9780191724671
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780192623874.001.0001
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Sensory and Motor Systems
This book provides an understanding of how events at the cellular level impact on the cardiovascular system as a whole. Advances in knowledge are highlighted and all the themes are presented from the ...
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This book provides an understanding of how events at the cellular level impact on the cardiovascular system as a whole. Advances in knowledge are highlighted and all the themes are presented from the single cell (smooth muscle endothelial and nerve) level through to the blood vessel wall to the vascular system as a functional system. This book provides an introduction to wide-ranging pharmacological principles and major techniques in this subject area, and is a source of background literature for research in vascular pharmacology.Less
This book provides an understanding of how events at the cellular level impact on the cardiovascular system as a whole. Advances in knowledge are highlighted and all the themes are presented from the single cell (smooth muscle endothelial and nerve) level through to the blood vessel wall to the vascular system as a functional system. This book provides an introduction to wide-ranging pharmacological principles and major techniques in this subject area, and is a source of background literature for research in vascular pharmacology.
A. Schmidt-Rhaesa
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198566687
- eISBN:
- 9780191718007
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198566687.003.0010
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
Fluids are transported in different ways through animal bodies, but several animals possess a specific system for this purpose: the circulatory system. This can be an open system of clefts and ...
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Fluids are transported in different ways through animal bodies, but several animals possess a specific system for this purpose: the circulatory system. This can be an open system of clefts and interstities, a closed system of tubelike structures (vessels), or a combination of the two. In most cases, circulatory vessels are limited and formed by coelom epithelia of adjacent coelomic compartments. They are lined by extracellular matrix and represent the primary body cavity (the blood vascular system). In only a few cases do circulatory vessels have an epithelium, and are then coelomic circulatory systems. The occurrence, shape, and extension of circulatory systems among animals are very diverse and this chapter concludes that their multiple parallel evolution has to be assumed.Less
Fluids are transported in different ways through animal bodies, but several animals possess a specific system for this purpose: the circulatory system. This can be an open system of clefts and interstities, a closed system of tubelike structures (vessels), or a combination of the two. In most cases, circulatory vessels are limited and formed by coelom epithelia of adjacent coelomic compartments. They are lined by extracellular matrix and represent the primary body cavity (the blood vascular system). In only a few cases do circulatory vessels have an epithelium, and are then coelomic circulatory systems. The occurrence, shape, and extension of circulatory systems among animals are very diverse and this chapter concludes that their multiple parallel evolution has to be assumed.
Robb Robinson
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781786941756
- eISBN:
- 9781789623222
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781786941756.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
Recent discussion, academic publications and many of the national exhibitions relating to the Great War at sea have focused on capital ships, Jutland and perhaps U-boats. Very little has been ...
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Recent discussion, academic publications and many of the national exhibitions relating to the Great War at sea have focused on capital ships, Jutland and perhaps U-boats. Very little has been published about the crucial role played by fishermen, fishing vessels and coastal communities all round the British Isles. Yet fishermen and armed fishing craft were continually on the maritime front line throughout the conflict; they formed the backbone of the Auxiliary Patrol and were in constant action against U-boats or engaged on unrelenting minesweeping duties. Approximately 3000 fishing vessels were requisitioned and armed by the Admiralty and more than 39,000 fishermen joined the Trawler Section of the Royal Naval Reserve. The class and cultural gap between working fishermen and many RN officers was enormous. This book examines the multifaceted role that fishermen and the fish trade played throughout the conflict. It examines the reasons why, in an age of dreadnoughts and other high-tech military equipment, so many fishermen and fishing vessels were called upon to play such a crucial role in the littoral war against mines and U-boats, not only around the British Isles but also off the coasts of various other theatres of war. The book analyses the nature of the fishing industry's war-time involvement and also the contribution that non-belligerent fishing vessels continued to play in maintaining the beleaguered nation's food supplies.Less
Recent discussion, academic publications and many of the national exhibitions relating to the Great War at sea have focused on capital ships, Jutland and perhaps U-boats. Very little has been published about the crucial role played by fishermen, fishing vessels and coastal communities all round the British Isles. Yet fishermen and armed fishing craft were continually on the maritime front line throughout the conflict; they formed the backbone of the Auxiliary Patrol and were in constant action against U-boats or engaged on unrelenting minesweeping duties. Approximately 3000 fishing vessels were requisitioned and armed by the Admiralty and more than 39,000 fishermen joined the Trawler Section of the Royal Naval Reserve. The class and cultural gap between working fishermen and many RN officers was enormous. This book examines the multifaceted role that fishermen and the fish trade played throughout the conflict. It examines the reasons why, in an age of dreadnoughts and other high-tech military equipment, so many fishermen and fishing vessels were called upon to play such a crucial role in the littoral war against mines and U-boats, not only around the British Isles but also off the coasts of various other theatres of war. The book analyses the nature of the fishing industry's war-time involvement and also the contribution that non-belligerent fishing vessels continued to play in maintaining the beleaguered nation's food supplies.
LOTHAR VON FALKENHAUSEN
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197263945
- eISBN:
- 9780191734038
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197263945.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This chapter discusses the twenty-seven inscribed ritual bronze vessels, which were uncovered in Yangjiacun, Mei Xian. The place where these vessels were discovered may have been near the seat of the ...
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This chapter discusses the twenty-seven inscribed ritual bronze vessels, which were uncovered in Yangjiacun, Mei Xian. The place where these vessels were discovered may have been near the seat of the powerful Shan lineage — several names of Shan family members are inscribed on the vessels. The chapter reveals that the inscriptions on the bronze vessels provide new insights into the structure and internal organisation of lineages in the Late Western Zhou-period China. These inscriptions also convey a feeling of shared identity among the members of the Shan lineage, particularly the male members. It is also shown that they illuminate the contexts in which a sense of history was beginning to form during the final half-millennium of pre-Imperial China.Less
This chapter discusses the twenty-seven inscribed ritual bronze vessels, which were uncovered in Yangjiacun, Mei Xian. The place where these vessels were discovered may have been near the seat of the powerful Shan lineage — several names of Shan family members are inscribed on the vessels. The chapter reveals that the inscriptions on the bronze vessels provide new insights into the structure and internal organisation of lineages in the Late Western Zhou-period China. These inscriptions also convey a feeling of shared identity among the members of the Shan lineage, particularly the male members. It is also shown that they illuminate the contexts in which a sense of history was beginning to form during the final half-millennium of pre-Imperial China.
David H. Dye
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780813056067
- eISBN:
- 9780813053820
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813056067.003.0002
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology
Water spirits as major Mississippian cosmic powers assumed various forms ranging from panther-like to serpent-like, and these varying visualizations were crafted as ceramic vessels, copper objects, ...
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Water spirits as major Mississippian cosmic powers assumed various forms ranging from panther-like to serpent-like, and these varying visualizations were crafted as ceramic vessels, copper objects, rock art, and shell media. Evidence of water spirit religious sodalities is reflected in the numerous Lower Mississippi Valley “cat serpent” bottles and bowls found in northeastern Arkansas and southeastern Missouri. Their use flourished during the protohistoric period, the decades between the Hernando de Soto entrada and initial French contact. Water spirit vessels were crucial for transforming and in consuming medicinal potions for purification in water spirit rituals. In this chapter I discuss these Lower Mississippi Valley “Great Serpent” effigy vessels and argue that they were central to religious beliefs in Beneath World deities associated with the cycle of life and death and appealed to through ritual supplication and veneration.Less
Water spirits as major Mississippian cosmic powers assumed various forms ranging from panther-like to serpent-like, and these varying visualizations were crafted as ceramic vessels, copper objects, rock art, and shell media. Evidence of water spirit religious sodalities is reflected in the numerous Lower Mississippi Valley “cat serpent” bottles and bowls found in northeastern Arkansas and southeastern Missouri. Their use flourished during the protohistoric period, the decades between the Hernando de Soto entrada and initial French contact. Water spirit vessels were crucial for transforming and in consuming medicinal potions for purification in water spirit rituals. In this chapter I discuss these Lower Mississippi Valley “Great Serpent” effigy vessels and argue that they were central to religious beliefs in Beneath World deities associated with the cycle of life and death and appealed to through ritual supplication and veneration.
Ralph Davis
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780986497384
- eISBN:
- 9781786944467
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780986497384.003.0016
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This chapter provides case studies of the working life of four merchant vessels from different points in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries: Diamond (1634-1640); Cadiz-Merchant (1675-1684); ...
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This chapter provides case studies of the working life of four merchant vessels from different points in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries: Diamond (1634-1640); Cadiz-Merchant (1675-1684); Diligence (1728-1742); and Caroline (1754-1766). They illustrate the long-standing difficulties faced by shipowners, charterers, and masters in earning a livelihood at sea, and provide a range of maritime and commercial experiences across the two centuries. These studies show that the first two ships engaged in a variety of trades, but the latter two quickly learnt to specialise in a single trade by a specific route, which proved the more profitable and secure option of the two.Less
This chapter provides case studies of the working life of four merchant vessels from different points in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries: Diamond (1634-1640); Cadiz-Merchant (1675-1684); Diligence (1728-1742); and Caroline (1754-1766). They illustrate the long-standing difficulties faced by shipowners, charterers, and masters in earning a livelihood at sea, and provide a range of maritime and commercial experiences across the two centuries. These studies show that the first two ships engaged in a variety of trades, but the latter two quickly learnt to specialise in a single trade by a specific route, which proved the more profitable and secure option of the two.
Todd Ramón Ochoa
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520256835
- eISBN:
- 9780520947924
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520256835.003.0013
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Anthropology, Global
This chapter examines one of the fundamental ingredients needed for constructing a prenda-nganga-enquiso—a cauldron—and how the author and his madre managed to find an appropriate one for their ...
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This chapter examines one of the fundamental ingredients needed for constructing a prenda-nganga-enquiso—a cauldron—and how the author and his madre managed to find an appropriate one for their rites. Containers for prendas-ngangas-enquisos are of two types: steel cauldrons and clay urns. Clay, despite its fragility, is accorded great regard because of its kinship with the earth and therefore with the dead. The vessel that receives and holds a prenda-nganga-enquiso's contents is also its limit among the living. Once constituted, the charge of indeterminacy and unspecified transformation that is the heart of all prendas-ngangas-enquisos seeks to flow and spread, and a sound cauldron is the only protection against this potentially dangerous agglomeration of the dead. A good part of Palo craft involves deliberate, if spontaneous, fashioning to achieve specific visual effects and paleros and paleras are sensitive to the appearance of their prendas-ngangas-enquisos.Less
This chapter examines one of the fundamental ingredients needed for constructing a prenda-nganga-enquiso—a cauldron—and how the author and his madre managed to find an appropriate one for their rites. Containers for prendas-ngangas-enquisos are of two types: steel cauldrons and clay urns. Clay, despite its fragility, is accorded great regard because of its kinship with the earth and therefore with the dead. The vessel that receives and holds a prenda-nganga-enquiso's contents is also its limit among the living. Once constituted, the charge of indeterminacy and unspecified transformation that is the heart of all prendas-ngangas-enquisos seeks to flow and spread, and a sound cauldron is the only protection against this potentially dangerous agglomeration of the dead. A good part of Palo craft involves deliberate, if spontaneous, fashioning to achieve specific visual effects and paleros and paleras are sensitive to the appearance of their prendas-ngangas-enquisos.
Yuval Shany
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199211791
- eISBN:
- 9780191706035
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199211791.003.0002
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
This chapter reviews the relations between national and international courts under a number of institutional and jurisdictional settings created by a number of treaty regimes (e.g., ICC, ECHR, NAFTA, ...
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This chapter reviews the relations between national and international courts under a number of institutional and jurisdictional settings created by a number of treaty regimes (e.g., ICC, ECHR, NAFTA, EC, and the New York Convention on Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Awards) and illustrated in respect of specific disputes: the Consular notification cases involving the ICJ and U.S. court, the Separation Barrier cases involving the ICJ and Israeli courts, review of national trade-related determinations before national and international courts, prompt release of vessel cases brought before ITLOS and national courts, and investment disputes (including early cases relating to application of the Calvo Clause and more recent ICSID cases). The survey suggests inconsistency in the manner in which relations between national and international courts are being regulated across legal regimes and, at times, within the same legal regime.Less
This chapter reviews the relations between national and international courts under a number of institutional and jurisdictional settings created by a number of treaty regimes (e.g., ICC, ECHR, NAFTA, EC, and the New York Convention on Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Awards) and illustrated in respect of specific disputes: the Consular notification cases involving the ICJ and U.S. court, the Separation Barrier cases involving the ICJ and Israeli courts, review of national trade-related determinations before national and international courts, prompt release of vessel cases brought before ITLOS and national courts, and investment disputes (including early cases relating to application of the Calvo Clause and more recent ICSID cases). The survey suggests inconsistency in the manner in which relations between national and international courts are being regulated across legal regimes and, at times, within the same legal regime.
Patricia Lim
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622099906
- eISBN:
- 9789882207714
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622099906.003.0008
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
This chapter discusses the merchant navy officers, owners, and their families who are buried in the Hong Kong Cemetery. The officers of the merchant navy vessels were considered to be the life blood ...
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This chapter discusses the merchant navy officers, owners, and their families who are buried in the Hong Kong Cemetery. The officers of the merchant navy vessels were considered to be the life blood of early Hong Kong, and they were responsible for providing the merchants with their goods. They were also tasked with bringing drinks, foodstuffs, and furnishings that were considered essential to the European's way of life. Some officers who worked for the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company Line are discussed as well.Less
This chapter discusses the merchant navy officers, owners, and their families who are buried in the Hong Kong Cemetery. The officers of the merchant navy vessels were considered to be the life blood of early Hong Kong, and they were responsible for providing the merchants with their goods. They were also tasked with bringing drinks, foodstuffs, and furnishings that were considered essential to the European's way of life. Some officers who worked for the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company Line are discussed as well.
Thomas Läubli and Craig Karpilow
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195380002
- eISBN:
- 9780199893881
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195380002.003.0015
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
Musculoskeletal disorders are a very common and distinct form of injuries affecting the musculoskeletal system in that they develop over a period of time with repeated strain, usually due to adverse ...
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Musculoskeletal disorders are a very common and distinct form of injuries affecting the musculoskeletal system in that they develop over a period of time with repeated strain, usually due to adverse ergonomic factors. They are chronic rather than acute and affect muscles, nerves, joints and connective tissues such as tendons and ligaments, but not bone. Chronic low back pain is most common and in one study 15 to 30% of subjects in one study had back pain at the time of interview and up to 70% had it over the course of their lifetime. Musculoskeletal disorders can be very painful and may limit a worker's ability to work and to conduct the normal activities of life, especially if they involve the hands and back. Chronic pain syndrome is a condition in which the pain continues long after the injury and sometimes gets worse. Repetitive strain injury is a class of musculoskeletal disorders that are caused by numerous repeated movements of an intrinsically weak body part, causing strain, inflammation and often swelling, which results in chronic discomfort and pain and loss of function. This category of disease includes tension neck syndrome, tendonitis and tenosynovitis and nerve and blood vessel disorders. Psychological factors play an important role in the response to and recovery from musculoskeletal disorders.Less
Musculoskeletal disorders are a very common and distinct form of injuries affecting the musculoskeletal system in that they develop over a period of time with repeated strain, usually due to adverse ergonomic factors. They are chronic rather than acute and affect muscles, nerves, joints and connective tissues such as tendons and ligaments, but not bone. Chronic low back pain is most common and in one study 15 to 30% of subjects in one study had back pain at the time of interview and up to 70% had it over the course of their lifetime. Musculoskeletal disorders can be very painful and may limit a worker's ability to work and to conduct the normal activities of life, especially if they involve the hands and back. Chronic pain syndrome is a condition in which the pain continues long after the injury and sometimes gets worse. Repetitive strain injury is a class of musculoskeletal disorders that are caused by numerous repeated movements of an intrinsically weak body part, causing strain, inflammation and often swelling, which results in chronic discomfort and pain and loss of function. This category of disease includes tension neck syndrome, tendonitis and tenosynovitis and nerve and blood vessel disorders. Psychological factors play an important role in the response to and recovery from musculoskeletal disorders.
Gordon Read and Michael Stammers
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780969588573
- eISBN:
- 9781786944863
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780969588573.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This chapter is split into two sections; Deposited Records, and Presented Records. Deposited Records consist of the following:- Liverpool Statutory Register of British Merchant Ships; the Wool Act ...
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This chapter is split into two sections; Deposited Records, and Presented Records. Deposited Records consist of the following:- Liverpool Statutory Register of British Merchant Ships; the Wool Act Register; Plantation Registers; Certificate of Registry 1786-1823; Register Books spanning 1786-1942; Register Books of Non-Liverpool Registered Vessels; Transaction Books; Curve Books; Fishing Vessels Register; the Manchester Registry; and the Runcorn Registry. Presented Records consist of the remainder:- Board of Trade Crew Agreements 1857-onward; and the National Dock Labour Board.Less
This chapter is split into two sections; Deposited Records, and Presented Records. Deposited Records consist of the following:- Liverpool Statutory Register of British Merchant Ships; the Wool Act Register; Plantation Registers; Certificate of Registry 1786-1823; Register Books spanning 1786-1942; Register Books of Non-Liverpool Registered Vessels; Transaction Books; Curve Books; Fishing Vessels Register; the Manchester Registry; and the Runcorn Registry. Presented Records consist of the remainder:- Board of Trade Crew Agreements 1857-onward; and the National Dock Labour Board.
David Stuart
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813029535
- eISBN:
- 9780813039503
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813029535.003.0009
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology
The importance of cacao in Classic Maya was often overlooked before the decipherment of glyphic texts seen on ceramics in 1980. The discovery of the meaning of the texts led to the conclusion that ...
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The importance of cacao in Classic Maya was often overlooked before the decipherment of glyphic texts seen on ceramics in 1980. The discovery of the meaning of the texts led to the conclusion that during the Classic Maya period, chocolate was a key element of courtly life and had a profound role in the political economics and in feasting, rituals, and events. The various products of cacao also permeated the Maya religious iconographies and cacao was an indispensable part of their religion. This chapter offers a comparative work on what the purpose and use of the cacao beverages in the Maya elite society was. The chapter focuses on the decipherment of the inscribed tags on drinking vessels that often contained descriptions on the varieties of cacao or recipes and their intended use. Several of the hieroglyphic labels found on the chocolate drinking vessels refer to chocolate drinks in combination with other substances and flavorings to highlight and enhance the flavor of cacao. While cacao was seen as a politically and socially important drink, it was also a drink of pleasure in Mayan culture.Less
The importance of cacao in Classic Maya was often overlooked before the decipherment of glyphic texts seen on ceramics in 1980. The discovery of the meaning of the texts led to the conclusion that during the Classic Maya period, chocolate was a key element of courtly life and had a profound role in the political economics and in feasting, rituals, and events. The various products of cacao also permeated the Maya religious iconographies and cacao was an indispensable part of their religion. This chapter offers a comparative work on what the purpose and use of the cacao beverages in the Maya elite society was. The chapter focuses on the decipherment of the inscribed tags on drinking vessels that often contained descriptions on the varieties of cacao or recipes and their intended use. Several of the hieroglyphic labels found on the chocolate drinking vessels refer to chocolate drinks in combination with other substances and flavorings to highlight and enhance the flavor of cacao. While cacao was seen as a politically and socially important drink, it was also a drink of pleasure in Mayan culture.
Lars Edvinsson, Inger Jansen, and Rolf Uddman
- Published in print:
- 1990
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780192618108
- eISBN:
- 9780191724305
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780192618108.003.0017
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Disorders of the Nervous System
Migraine attacks are conventionally thought to involve a dysfunction in the regulation of tone in intra- and extracranial blood vessels. A number of agents have been suggested as responsible for the ...
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Migraine attacks are conventionally thought to involve a dysfunction in the regulation of tone in intra- and extracranial blood vessels. A number of agents have been suggested as responsible for the altered vasomotor responses seen in conjunction with migraine attacks. Previous histochemical studies have shown that human cerebral arteries are surrounded by adrenergic and cholinergic nerve fibres. In addition, peptide-containing nerve fibres, such as neuropeptide Y (NPY), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), substance P (SP), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), have been observed around the cerebral blood vessels of laboratory animals. Few studies have been carried out on human temporal and cerebral arteries, but none on meningeal arteries. This chapter examines the distribution of NPY-, VIP-, SP- and CGRP-immunoreactive fibres around the three types of human cranial arteries and compared the pharmacological effects of the perivascularly located neuropeptides on arterial segments.Less
Migraine attacks are conventionally thought to involve a dysfunction in the regulation of tone in intra- and extracranial blood vessels. A number of agents have been suggested as responsible for the altered vasomotor responses seen in conjunction with migraine attacks. Previous histochemical studies have shown that human cerebral arteries are surrounded by adrenergic and cholinergic nerve fibres. In addition, peptide-containing nerve fibres, such as neuropeptide Y (NPY), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), substance P (SP), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), have been observed around the cerebral blood vessels of laboratory animals. Few studies have been carried out on human temporal and cerebral arteries, but none on meningeal arteries. This chapter examines the distribution of NPY-, VIP-, SP- and CGRP-immunoreactive fibres around the three types of human cranial arteries and compared the pharmacological effects of the perivascularly located neuropeptides on arterial segments.
Lallit Anand and Sanjay Govindjee
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780198864721
- eISBN:
- 9780191896767
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198864721.003.0009
- Subject:
- Physics, Condensed Matter Physics / Materials
This chapter presents and discusses the solution of several classical problems in linear elastostatics, including thick-walled spheres and cylinders under external and internal pressure; bending and ...
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This chapter presents and discusses the solution of several classical problems in linear elastostatics, including thick-walled spheres and cylinders under external and internal pressure; bending and torsion of prismatic bars of arbitrary cross section; and the use of Airy’s stress function method to solve several two-dimensional plane strain and plane stress traction boundary value problems, including a demonstration of the extent of the Saint-Venant effect. The discussion also includes an analysis of the asymptotic stress and deformation fields near the tips of sharp cracks, and a discussion of stress intensity factors which are of importance in linear elastic fracture mechanics.Less
This chapter presents and discusses the solution of several classical problems in linear elastostatics, including thick-walled spheres and cylinders under external and internal pressure; bending and torsion of prismatic bars of arbitrary cross section; and the use of Airy’s stress function method to solve several two-dimensional plane strain and plane stress traction boundary value problems, including a demonstration of the extent of the Saint-Venant effect. The discussion also includes an analysis of the asymptotic stress and deformation fields near the tips of sharp cracks, and a discussion of stress intensity factors which are of importance in linear elastic fracture mechanics.
Robin Churchill
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199299614
- eISBN:
- 9780191714887
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199299614.003.0020
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC) contains a wide-ranging and ambitious system of dispute settlement. Article 287 of the LOSC gives its parties the option of making a ...
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The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC) contains a wide-ranging and ambitious system of dispute settlement. Article 287 of the LOSC gives its parties the option of making a declaration at any time after signature of the Convention whereby they may choose a preferred means for settling a dispute brought under Section 2. There are four such possible means: the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, the International Court of Justice, an arbitral tribunal constituted in accordance with Annex VII of the LOSC, and a special arbitral tribunal constituted in accordance with Annex VIII, this last being limited to dealing with disputes concerning fisheries, protection of the marine environment, marine scientific research, and navigation. This chapter examines how the dispute settlement system has operated during the first decade following the entry into force of the LOSC in November 1994. It also considers the choice of means for the compulsory settlement of contentious cases, jurisdictional issues in such cases, exceptions to compulsory jurisdiction, and the use of provisional measures.Less
The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC) contains a wide-ranging and ambitious system of dispute settlement. Article 287 of the LOSC gives its parties the option of making a declaration at any time after signature of the Convention whereby they may choose a preferred means for settling a dispute brought under Section 2. There are four such possible means: the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, the International Court of Justice, an arbitral tribunal constituted in accordance with Annex VII of the LOSC, and a special arbitral tribunal constituted in accordance with Annex VIII, this last being limited to dealing with disputes concerning fisheries, protection of the marine environment, marine scientific research, and navigation. This chapter examines how the dispute settlement system has operated during the first decade following the entry into force of the LOSC in November 1994. It also considers the choice of means for the compulsory settlement of contentious cases, jurisdictional issues in such cases, exceptions to compulsory jurisdiction, and the use of provisional measures.
Lallit Anand and Sanjay Govindjee
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780198864721
- eISBN:
- 9780191896767
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198864721.003.0024
- Subject:
- Physics, Condensed Matter Physics / Materials
This chapter presents analytical solutions to some classical problems in rate-independent plasticity. Solutions are presented for the elastic-plastic torsion of a round bar, including spring back; ...
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This chapter presents analytical solutions to some classical problems in rate-independent plasticity. Solutions are presented for the elastic-plastic torsion of a round bar, including spring back; for the elastic-plastic response of a thick-walled spherical pressure vessel, including initial yield, partial yield, full yield, and unloading; for the incompressible elastic-plastic response of a plane-strain thick-walled cylindrical pressure vessel, including initial yield, partial yield, and full yield.Less
This chapter presents analytical solutions to some classical problems in rate-independent plasticity. Solutions are presented for the elastic-plastic torsion of a round bar, including spring back; for the elastic-plastic response of a thick-walled spherical pressure vessel, including initial yield, partial yield, full yield, and unloading; for the incompressible elastic-plastic response of a plane-strain thick-walled cylindrical pressure vessel, including initial yield, partial yield, and full yield.
Paul Unschuld
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520233225
- eISBN:
- 9780520928497
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520233225.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Medical Anthropology
The Huang Di nei jing su wen, known familiarly as the Su wen, is a seminal text of ancient Chinese medicine, yet until now there has been no comprehensive, detailed analysis of its development and ...
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The Huang Di nei jing su wen, known familiarly as the Su wen, is a seminal text of ancient Chinese medicine, yet until now there has been no comprehensive, detailed analysis of its development and contents. At last, the author offers entry into this still-vital artifact of China's cultural and intellectual past. He traces the history of the Su wen to its origins in the final centuries b.c.e., when numerous authors wrote short medical essays to explain the foundations of human health and illness on the basis of the newly developed vessel theory. The author examines the meaning of the title and the way the work has been received throughout Chinese medical history, both before and after the eleventh century, when the text as it is known today emerged. His survey of the contents includes discussions of the yin-yang and five-agents doctrines, the perception of the human body and its organs, qi and blood, pathogenic agents, concepts of disease and diagnosis, and a variety of therapies, including the new technique of acupuncture. An extensive appendix offers a detailed introduction to the complicated climatological theories of Wu yun liu qi (“five periods and six qi”), which were added to the Su wen by Wang Bing in the Tang era. In an epilogue, the author writes about the break with tradition and the innovative style of thought represented by the Su wen.Less
The Huang Di nei jing su wen, known familiarly as the Su wen, is a seminal text of ancient Chinese medicine, yet until now there has been no comprehensive, detailed analysis of its development and contents. At last, the author offers entry into this still-vital artifact of China's cultural and intellectual past. He traces the history of the Su wen to its origins in the final centuries b.c.e., when numerous authors wrote short medical essays to explain the foundations of human health and illness on the basis of the newly developed vessel theory. The author examines the meaning of the title and the way the work has been received throughout Chinese medical history, both before and after the eleventh century, when the text as it is known today emerged. His survey of the contents includes discussions of the yin-yang and five-agents doctrines, the perception of the human body and its organs, qi and blood, pathogenic agents, concepts of disease and diagnosis, and a variety of therapies, including the new technique of acupuncture. An extensive appendix offers a detailed introduction to the complicated climatological theories of Wu yun liu qi (“five periods and six qi”), which were added to the Su wen by Wang Bing in the Tang era. In an epilogue, the author writes about the break with tradition and the innovative style of thought represented by the Su wen.
Graeme R. Martin and Heather Giles
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780192623874
- eISBN:
- 9780191724671
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780192623874.003.0001
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Sensory and Motor Systems
Numerous methods exist which enable the vascular effects of drugs to be studied in vivo as well as in vitro. However, the quantitative study of drug–receptor interactions in blood vessels requires ...
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Numerous methods exist which enable the vascular effects of drugs to be studied in vivo as well as in vitro. However, the quantitative study of drug–receptor interactions in blood vessels requires precise control over the experimental conditions and this is best achieved using isolated, intact vascular tissues physiologically maintained in an organ-bath. Fortunately, carefully prepared blood vessel segments retain much of their functional integrity making it possible to assess, in a meaningful way, the effects of vasoactive drugs in the target tissue. This chapter outlines the pharmacological principles underlying the quantitative study of agonist and antagonist drug effects on vascular smooth muscle and looks at specific practical conditions which must be observed to ensure that the information obtained is robust and reliable.Less
Numerous methods exist which enable the vascular effects of drugs to be studied in vivo as well as in vitro. However, the quantitative study of drug–receptor interactions in blood vessels requires precise control over the experimental conditions and this is best achieved using isolated, intact vascular tissues physiologically maintained in an organ-bath. Fortunately, carefully prepared blood vessel segments retain much of their functional integrity making it possible to assess, in a meaningful way, the effects of vasoactive drugs in the target tissue. This chapter outlines the pharmacological principles underlying the quantitative study of agonist and antagonist drug effects on vascular smooth muscle and looks at specific practical conditions which must be observed to ensure that the information obtained is robust and reliable.
Robin Osborne
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748614066
- eISBN:
- 9780748651054
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748614066.003.0013
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
It is clear that the images on sympotic vessels exploited the conditions in which they were seen in a variety of ways: shape and imagery could be made to interact closely. As well as relating the ...
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It is clear that the images on sympotic vessels exploited the conditions in which they were seen in a variety of ways: shape and imagery could be made to interact closely. As well as relating the scenes to the way a vessel was seen and handled, recent discussions have made much more of the interralationship between two different scenes on a pot. If there has been quite alot of attention on pot painting, the same does not apply to studying sculpture. This chapter suggests that the extent to which the architectural setting on the temple influenced, if not controlled, the viewer was much greater than it has generally been considered to be. It also suggests that pediments do not unfold, but manifest themselves to the viewer at once. Pediments are confrontational spaces.Less
It is clear that the images on sympotic vessels exploited the conditions in which they were seen in a variety of ways: shape and imagery could be made to interact closely. As well as relating the scenes to the way a vessel was seen and handled, recent discussions have made much more of the interralationship between two different scenes on a pot. If there has been quite alot of attention on pot painting, the same does not apply to studying sculpture. This chapter suggests that the extent to which the architectural setting on the temple influenced, if not controlled, the viewer was much greater than it has generally been considered to be. It also suggests that pediments do not unfold, but manifest themselves to the viewer at once. Pediments are confrontational spaces.
