Janet Y. Chen
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691152103
- eISBN:
- 9781400839988
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691152103.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
In the early twentieth century, a time of political fragmentation and social upheaval in China, poverty became the focus of an anguished national conversation about the future of the country. ...
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In the early twentieth century, a time of political fragmentation and social upheaval in China, poverty became the focus of an anguished national conversation about the future of the country. Investigating the lives of the urban poor in China during this critical era, this book examines the solutions implemented by a nation attempting to deal with “society's most fundamental problem.” Interweaving analysis of shifting social viewpoints, the evolution of poor relief institutions, and the lived experiences of the urban poor, the book explores the development of Chinese attitudes toward urban poverty and of policies intended for its alleviation. The book concentrates on Beijing and Shanghai, two of China's most important cities, and considers how various interventions carried a lasting influence. The advent of the workhouse, the denigration of the nonworking poor as “social parasites,” efforts to police homelessness and vagrancy—all had significant impact on the lives of people struggling to survive. The book provides a crucially needed historical lens for understanding how beliefs about poverty intersected with shattering historical events, producing new welfare policies and institutions for the benefit of some, but to the detriment of others. Drawing on vast archival material, the book deepens the historical perspective on poverty in China and reveals critical lessons about a still-pervasive social issue.Less
In the early twentieth century, a time of political fragmentation and social upheaval in China, poverty became the focus of an anguished national conversation about the future of the country. Investigating the lives of the urban poor in China during this critical era, this book examines the solutions implemented by a nation attempting to deal with “society's most fundamental problem.” Interweaving analysis of shifting social viewpoints, the evolution of poor relief institutions, and the lived experiences of the urban poor, the book explores the development of Chinese attitudes toward urban poverty and of policies intended for its alleviation. The book concentrates on Beijing and Shanghai, two of China's most important cities, and considers how various interventions carried a lasting influence. The advent of the workhouse, the denigration of the nonworking poor as “social parasites,” efforts to police homelessness and vagrancy—all had significant impact on the lives of people struggling to survive. The book provides a crucially needed historical lens for understanding how beliefs about poverty intersected with shattering historical events, producing new welfare policies and institutions for the benefit of some, but to the detriment of others. Drawing on vast archival material, the book deepens the historical perspective on poverty in China and reveals critical lessons about a still-pervasive social issue.
Katherine Beckett and Steve Herbert
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195395174
- eISBN:
- 9780199943319
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195395174.003.0002
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
This chapter tries to explain why banishment reemerged as a leading social control strategy. It lists several developments that contributed to its rise, such as the increase in the homeless ...
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This chapter tries to explain why banishment reemerged as a leading social control strategy. It lists several developments that contributed to its rise, such as the increase in the homeless population and public concern about disorder. It studies broken windows policing and the invalidation of loitering laws and vagrancy. It also identifies some alternative social control mechanisms, including civility and banishment.Less
This chapter tries to explain why banishment reemerged as a leading social control strategy. It lists several developments that contributed to its rise, such as the increase in the homeless population and public concern about disorder. It studies broken windows policing and the invalidation of loitering laws and vagrancy. It also identifies some alternative social control mechanisms, including civility and banishment.
Sal Nicolazzo
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780300241310
- eISBN:
- 9780300255706
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300241310.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, 18th-century Literature
This chapter offers a new reading of vagrancy in early Romantic poetry. By reading the poetry of Mary Robinson against the backdrop of police reform and vagrancy law at the end of the eighteenth ...
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This chapter offers a new reading of vagrancy in early Romantic poetry. By reading the poetry of Mary Robinson against the backdrop of police reform and vagrancy law at the end of the eighteenth century, it proposes a turn away from lyric or legal subjectivity in order to see other crucial poetic valences of what can be termed “Romantic vagrancy.” Robinson not only pushes one to reconsider a literary-historical narrative that has long been dominated by William Wordsworth, but also offers an engagement with vagrancy that theorizes law and lyric as intersecting precisely where legal persons and lyric subjects disappear. Tracing how Robinson's collection brings rural English poverty into the same frame as global war, the scandal of destitute Asian sailors stranded in London by the East India Company, the Sierra Leone colonization project, and the role of police reformers in reshaping dockside labor in London, the chapter argues that poetic vagrancy allows one to understand its most iconic recurring image — the dispossession of the rural English poor — as an optic for invoking vast scales and distant populations. Vagrancy's relation to police, especially as a mode of governmentality that spanned scales from local to global, is in fact crucial to its poetic redeployment.Less
This chapter offers a new reading of vagrancy in early Romantic poetry. By reading the poetry of Mary Robinson against the backdrop of police reform and vagrancy law at the end of the eighteenth century, it proposes a turn away from lyric or legal subjectivity in order to see other crucial poetic valences of what can be termed “Romantic vagrancy.” Robinson not only pushes one to reconsider a literary-historical narrative that has long been dominated by William Wordsworth, but also offers an engagement with vagrancy that theorizes law and lyric as intersecting precisely where legal persons and lyric subjects disappear. Tracing how Robinson's collection brings rural English poverty into the same frame as global war, the scandal of destitute Asian sailors stranded in London by the East India Company, the Sierra Leone colonization project, and the role of police reformers in reshaping dockside labor in London, the chapter argues that poetic vagrancy allows one to understand its most iconic recurring image — the dispossession of the rural English poor — as an optic for invoking vast scales and distant populations. Vagrancy's relation to police, especially as a mode of governmentality that spanned scales from local to global, is in fact crucial to its poetic redeployment.
Sal Nicolazzo
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780300241310
- eISBN:
- 9780300255706
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300241310.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 18th-century Literature
This book, demonstrating the important role of eighteenth-century literary treatments of policing and vagrancy, offers a prehistory of police legitimacy in a period that predates the establishment of ...
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This book, demonstrating the important role of eighteenth-century literary treatments of policing and vagrancy, offers a prehistory of police legitimacy in a period that predates the establishment of the modern police force. The book argues that narrative, textual, and rhetorical practices shaped not only police and legal activity of the period, but also public conceptions of police power. The author's research delves into law and literature on both sides of the Atlantic, tracking the centrality of vagrancy in establishing police power as a form of sovereignty crucial to settler colonialism, slavery, and racial capitalism. The first book in several generations to address policing and vagrancy in the eighteenth-century, and the first in the field to center race and empire in its account of literary vagrancy, this work is a significant contribution to the field of eighteenth-century literary and cultural studies.Less
This book, demonstrating the important role of eighteenth-century literary treatments of policing and vagrancy, offers a prehistory of police legitimacy in a period that predates the establishment of the modern police force. The book argues that narrative, textual, and rhetorical practices shaped not only police and legal activity of the period, but also public conceptions of police power. The author's research delves into law and literature on both sides of the Atlantic, tracking the centrality of vagrancy in establishing police power as a form of sovereignty crucial to settler colonialism, slavery, and racial capitalism. The first book in several generations to address policing and vagrancy in the eighteenth-century, and the first in the field to center race and empire in its account of literary vagrancy, this work is a significant contribution to the field of eighteenth-century literary and cultural studies.
Sal Nicolazzo
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780300241310
- eISBN:
- 9780300255706
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300241310.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, 18th-century Literature
This chapter assesses the legal and imaginative specificity of vagrancy law and its relation to land in North America. It reads Charles Brockden Brown's novels Wieland (1798) and Edgar Huntly (1799) ...
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This chapter assesses the legal and imaginative specificity of vagrancy law and its relation to land in North America. It reads Charles Brockden Brown's novels Wieland (1798) and Edgar Huntly (1799) — both long regarded as crucial and ambivalent meditations on the viability of the new American republic — alongside archival records of vagrancy arrests in Philadelphia in the 1790s. The chapter shows how the emergent category of nationally distinct American whiteness relied on figures of mobility through the frontier, yet remained uncomfortably difficult to distinguish from the criminalized (and often differently racialized) category of vagrancy. It also looks at the startling prominence of literary history in the landmark 1972 Supreme Court case Papachristou v. City of Jacksonville, which struck down vagrancy laws as unconstitutional. The chapter argues that a particularly potent literary afterlife of the figure of the vagrant rendered this figure a symbol of free, white settler mobility.Less
This chapter assesses the legal and imaginative specificity of vagrancy law and its relation to land in North America. It reads Charles Brockden Brown's novels Wieland (1798) and Edgar Huntly (1799) — both long regarded as crucial and ambivalent meditations on the viability of the new American republic — alongside archival records of vagrancy arrests in Philadelphia in the 1790s. The chapter shows how the emergent category of nationally distinct American whiteness relied on figures of mobility through the frontier, yet remained uncomfortably difficult to distinguish from the criminalized (and often differently racialized) category of vagrancy. It also looks at the startling prominence of literary history in the landmark 1972 Supreme Court case Papachristou v. City of Jacksonville, which struck down vagrancy laws as unconstitutional. The chapter argues that a particularly potent literary afterlife of the figure of the vagrant rendered this figure a symbol of free, white settler mobility.
Julie Coleman
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199557097
- eISBN:
- 9780191719875
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199557097.003.0002
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Historical Linguistics, Lexicography
This chapter discusses the historical roots of English cant and slang. The period 1560-1640 was characterized by the agrarian revolution, and the progressive criminalization of poverty; the later ...
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This chapter discusses the historical roots of English cant and slang. The period 1560-1640 was characterized by the agrarian revolution, and the progressive criminalization of poverty; the later part by the transition to a cash culture and by the haphazardly harsh treatment of criminals. The word-lists reflect changing interests and concerns caused by population growth and migration, developments in legal and penal theory and practice, and far-reaching changes in trade and travel.Less
This chapter discusses the historical roots of English cant and slang. The period 1560-1640 was characterized by the agrarian revolution, and the progressive criminalization of poverty; the later part by the transition to a cash culture and by the haphazardly harsh treatment of criminals. The word-lists reflect changing interests and concerns caused by population growth and migration, developments in legal and penal theory and practice, and far-reaching changes in trade and travel.
Sal Nicolazzo
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780300241310
- eISBN:
- 9780300255706
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300241310.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, 18th-century Literature
This chapter argues that in the late seventeenth century, vagrancy statutes are in formal conversation with the picaresque novel as both genres begin to circulate transatlantically. It contextualizes ...
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This chapter argues that in the late seventeenth century, vagrancy statutes are in formal conversation with the picaresque novel as both genres begin to circulate transatlantically. It contextualizes Richard Head's 1665 novel The English Rogue — widely regarded to be the first picaresque novel written in English — in the rapid expansion of the Atlantic trade in bound servants. The chapter then proposes a new way of understanding the genre of the picaresque and its relation to the law. Scholars of early modern picaresque and its affiliated genres have long noted that the literary figure of the “rogue and vagabond” circulated in popular print before it became a legal category. However, in the late seventeenth century, as vagrancy law became an increasingly important tool for the management of impoverished populations and the distribution of these populations' labor across empire, the chapter reads picaresque not for the singular figure of the rogue, but for the way the genre's narrative structure allows for the conceptualization of populations and geographies.Less
This chapter argues that in the late seventeenth century, vagrancy statutes are in formal conversation with the picaresque novel as both genres begin to circulate transatlantically. It contextualizes Richard Head's 1665 novel The English Rogue — widely regarded to be the first picaresque novel written in English — in the rapid expansion of the Atlantic trade in bound servants. The chapter then proposes a new way of understanding the genre of the picaresque and its relation to the law. Scholars of early modern picaresque and its affiliated genres have long noted that the literary figure of the “rogue and vagabond” circulated in popular print before it became a legal category. However, in the late seventeenth century, as vagrancy law became an increasingly important tool for the management of impoverished populations and the distribution of these populations' labor across empire, the chapter reads picaresque not for the singular figure of the rogue, but for the way the genre's narrative structure allows for the conceptualization of populations and geographies.
Sal Nicolazzo
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780300241310
- eISBN:
- 9780300255706
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300241310.003.0003
- Subject:
- Literature, 18th-century Literature
This chapter examines the role of vagrancy law in regulating the affective, sexual, reproductive, and domestic lives of the English poor. It traces vagrancy's appearance at the margins of both the ...
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This chapter examines the role of vagrancy law in regulating the affective, sexual, reproductive, and domestic lives of the English poor. It traces vagrancy's appearance at the margins of both the novel and the marriage plot across a series of texts, including Jane Barker's Patchwork Screen for the Ladies (1723), Sarah Scott's Millenium Hall (1762), and, most centrally, Henry Fielding's The Female Husband (1746). Fielding, as novelist, magistrate, and major eighteenth-century theorist of police, is at the center of the chapter, which reads his figuration of vagrancy as a kind of sexuality that disrupts labor-discipline, marriage, and legitimate inheritance. At the same time, Fielding's text and the archival records of policing that surround it reveal how one might take vagrancy as a category of analysis for transgender history, since the construction of the sexed body as metonym for juridical identity developed through a nexus of policing, surveillance, and transatlantic print culture for which vagrancy was a foundational legal category. Finally, through readings of Scott's Millenium Hall and Mary Saxby's posthumously published Memoirs of a Female Vagrant (1806), the chapter shows that literary histories of sexuality look profoundly different if one centers the parish rather than the family as the field of analysis.Less
This chapter examines the role of vagrancy law in regulating the affective, sexual, reproductive, and domestic lives of the English poor. It traces vagrancy's appearance at the margins of both the novel and the marriage plot across a series of texts, including Jane Barker's Patchwork Screen for the Ladies (1723), Sarah Scott's Millenium Hall (1762), and, most centrally, Henry Fielding's The Female Husband (1746). Fielding, as novelist, magistrate, and major eighteenth-century theorist of police, is at the center of the chapter, which reads his figuration of vagrancy as a kind of sexuality that disrupts labor-discipline, marriage, and legitimate inheritance. At the same time, Fielding's text and the archival records of policing that surround it reveal how one might take vagrancy as a category of analysis for transgender history, since the construction of the sexed body as metonym for juridical identity developed through a nexus of policing, surveillance, and transatlantic print culture for which vagrancy was a foundational legal category. Finally, through readings of Scott's Millenium Hall and Mary Saxby's posthumously published Memoirs of a Female Vagrant (1806), the chapter shows that literary histories of sexuality look profoundly different if one centers the parish rather than the family as the field of analysis.
Sal Nicolazzo
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780300241310
- eISBN:
- 9780300255706
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300241310.003.0007
- Subject:
- Literature, 18th-century Literature
This coda presents a reading of George L. Kelling and James Q. Wilson's enormously influential article “Broken Windows: The Police and Neighborhood Safety” (1982) as a remarkably politically ...
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This coda presents a reading of George L. Kelling and James Q. Wilson's enormously influential article “Broken Windows: The Police and Neighborhood Safety” (1982) as a remarkably politically successful redeployment of the tropes of eighteenth-century vagrancy. This article both draws on and occludes the prehistory of the police. Kelling and Wilson rely significantly on early histories of policing — in particular, the history of vagrancy law. At the same time, they push their readers insistently away from historical modes of thought. Through a reading of this text, much of whose political influence relies on the persuasive success of its master metaphors, the chapter proposes that reading methods of literary history can offer unique critical insights into the deep histories still animating contemporary theorizations of policing.Less
This coda presents a reading of George L. Kelling and James Q. Wilson's enormously influential article “Broken Windows: The Police and Neighborhood Safety” (1982) as a remarkably politically successful redeployment of the tropes of eighteenth-century vagrancy. This article both draws on and occludes the prehistory of the police. Kelling and Wilson rely significantly on early histories of policing — in particular, the history of vagrancy law. At the same time, they push their readers insistently away from historical modes of thought. Through a reading of this text, much of whose political influence relies on the persuasive success of its master metaphors, the chapter proposes that reading methods of literary history can offer unique critical insights into the deep histories still animating contemporary theorizations of policing.
Alice Equestri
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781474454117
- eISBN:
- 9781474481243
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474454117.003.0008
- Subject:
- Literature, Shakespeare Studies
The concept of folly interacts with vagrancy and mobility on early modern roads. Here, early modern ideas of folly work at different levels to expose a space that is formed of subjective and symbolic ...
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The concept of folly interacts with vagrancy and mobility on early modern roads. Here, early modern ideas of folly work at different levels to expose a space that is formed of subjective and symbolic or cultural dimensions. In this world, ‘fools’ were not only seen as luxury entertainers in rich households or as professional performers on London stages and those termed ‘idiots’ were often free to roam the roads. Both Erasmus, and Alexander Barclay’s Ship of Fools, give such beggars a special prominence, in that they make ‘imitation’ their pitfall, a notion bound up with the performance of folly on the Elizabethan stage. Also, itinerant clowning had existed since the vices of medieval pageants and some Elizabethan and Jacobean stage clowns resituated this tradition to commercialise their artistic personae outside the playhouses on the roads to the provinces. The chapter contextualises William Kemp’s and Robert Armin’s work as itinerants: Kemp’s nine-day morris dance from London to Norwich, and Armin’s travel on the roads of England with Lord Chandos’ Men. It examines an image of the space of the roads that had both subjective and wider cultural qualities.Less
The concept of folly interacts with vagrancy and mobility on early modern roads. Here, early modern ideas of folly work at different levels to expose a space that is formed of subjective and symbolic or cultural dimensions. In this world, ‘fools’ were not only seen as luxury entertainers in rich households or as professional performers on London stages and those termed ‘idiots’ were often free to roam the roads. Both Erasmus, and Alexander Barclay’s Ship of Fools, give such beggars a special prominence, in that they make ‘imitation’ their pitfall, a notion bound up with the performance of folly on the Elizabethan stage. Also, itinerant clowning had existed since the vices of medieval pageants and some Elizabethan and Jacobean stage clowns resituated this tradition to commercialise their artistic personae outside the playhouses on the roads to the provinces. The chapter contextualises William Kemp’s and Robert Armin’s work as itinerants: Kemp’s nine-day morris dance from London to Norwich, and Armin’s travel on the roads of England with Lord Chandos’ Men. It examines an image of the space of the roads that had both subjective and wider cultural qualities.
Peter Ramsay
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199581061
- eISBN:
- 9780191741005
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199581061.003.0009
- Subject:
- Law, Criminal Law and Criminology
This chapter reviews the protection of subjective security interests in the criminal law of an earlier period before the Anti-Social Behaviour Order. It considers vagrancy, nuisance, the bind over, ...
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This chapter reviews the protection of subjective security interests in the criminal law of an earlier period before the Anti-Social Behaviour Order. It considers vagrancy, nuisance, the bind over, threat offences, public order offences, and possession offences. The review of the law is not meant to cover every relevant power but rather to argue that while subjective security interests were protected in different ways, this protection remained piecemeal, implicit or justified in a traditional moralized language quite different from the later more explicit and systematic development of a liability for failure to reassure.Less
This chapter reviews the protection of subjective security interests in the criminal law of an earlier period before the Anti-Social Behaviour Order. It considers vagrancy, nuisance, the bind over, threat offences, public order offences, and possession offences. The review of the law is not meant to cover every relevant power but rather to argue that while subjective security interests were protected in different ways, this protection remained piecemeal, implicit or justified in a traditional moralized language quite different from the later more explicit and systematic development of a liability for failure to reassure.
Catharine Coleborne
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719091537
- eISBN:
- 9781526104120
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719091537.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
This chapter examines the mobility of laws in the trans-Tasman colonial world, suggesting that the way colonial subjects both adopted, remade, remodelled and enacted laws reflected the mobility of ...
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This chapter examines the mobility of laws in the trans-Tasman colonial world, suggesting that the way colonial subjects both adopted, remade, remodelled and enacted laws reflected the mobility of both people and ideas, and also anxieties about mobility itself. It revisits some Australian and New Zealand legal history scholarship which has been central to understanding the transmission and uptake of imperial ‘laws’ in new colonial sites, raising questions about the cultural malleability of legality in colonial settings and reflecting on the question of mobility as a social problem which had to be addressed by colonial legislators. The chapter considers the laws that were formulated to regulate the movement of colonial populations, including vagrants and transients, Indigenous peoples, and new immigrants.Less
This chapter examines the mobility of laws in the trans-Tasman colonial world, suggesting that the way colonial subjects both adopted, remade, remodelled and enacted laws reflected the mobility of both people and ideas, and also anxieties about mobility itself. It revisits some Australian and New Zealand legal history scholarship which has been central to understanding the transmission and uptake of imperial ‘laws’ in new colonial sites, raising questions about the cultural malleability of legality in colonial settings and reflecting on the question of mobility as a social problem which had to be addressed by colonial legislators. The chapter considers the laws that were formulated to regulate the movement of colonial populations, including vagrants and transients, Indigenous peoples, and new immigrants.
Catharine Coleborne
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719087240
- eISBN:
- 9781526104250
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719087240.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
This chapter argues that ethnicity found expression through gender in the patient case records, and it uses the tool of gender to explore the function and representation of ethnicity, at the same ...
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This chapter argues that ethnicity found expression through gender in the patient case records, and it uses the tool of gender to explore the function and representation of ethnicity, at the same time finding out more about constructions and expectations of masculinity for nineteenth-century male inmates and their doctors. It is through the exploration of these two categories in relation to each other that we might begin to understand the central preoccupations of contemporaries in their context. It uses case materials in both qualitative and quantitative modes and examines diagnoses against the backdrop of discursive formations of colonialism and masculinity. For instance, I want to show how the dominant medical diagnoses, evinced through the data, tell us something about constructions of colonial masculinity and gender relations.Less
This chapter argues that ethnicity found expression through gender in the patient case records, and it uses the tool of gender to explore the function and representation of ethnicity, at the same time finding out more about constructions and expectations of masculinity for nineteenth-century male inmates and their doctors. It is through the exploration of these two categories in relation to each other that we might begin to understand the central preoccupations of contemporaries in their context. It uses case materials in both qualitative and quantitative modes and examines diagnoses against the backdrop of discursive formations of colonialism and masculinity. For instance, I want to show how the dominant medical diagnoses, evinced through the data, tell us something about constructions of colonial masculinity and gender relations.
Catharine Coleborne
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719087240
- eISBN:
- 9781526104250
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719087240.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
This chapter argues that ethnicity found expression through gender in the patient case records, and it uses the tool of gender to explore the function and representation of ethnicity, at the same ...
More
This chapter argues that ethnicity found expression through gender in the patient case records, and it uses the tool of gender to explore the function and representation of ethnicity, at the same time finding out more about constructions and expectations of femininity for nineteenth-century female inmates and their doctors, through both quantitative and qualitative evidence. Read together, chapters four and five show gender in relationship and tease out some of the dominant strands of historiographical inquiry about gender and asylum confinement over the past few decades. In particular, it shows that some recurring themes/aspects of the case record material require further explication in the colonial context, such as the emphasis on reproductive health and the presence of imbecile women.Less
This chapter argues that ethnicity found expression through gender in the patient case records, and it uses the tool of gender to explore the function and representation of ethnicity, at the same time finding out more about constructions and expectations of femininity for nineteenth-century female inmates and their doctors, through both quantitative and qualitative evidence. Read together, chapters four and five show gender in relationship and tease out some of the dominant strands of historiographical inquiry about gender and asylum confinement over the past few decades. In particular, it shows that some recurring themes/aspects of the case record material require further explication in the colonial context, such as the emphasis on reproductive health and the presence of imbecile women.
Bridget Anderson
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199691593
- eISBN:
- 9780191752421
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199691593.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
Chapter 1 locates contemporary immigration within the historical concern of rulers with the mobility of the ruled, the relation between geographical and labour mobility and settlement and claims on ...
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Chapter 1 locates contemporary immigration within the historical concern of rulers with the mobility of the ruled, the relation between geographical and labour mobility and settlement and claims on the community. It examines the attempts to control the mobility of the poor in England from the fourteenth century onwards and how this was related to labour and an anxiety about social order. For centuries, it was the vagrant rather than the immigrant who was seen as a threat to social cohesion, the breeding ground for an anti-society of rogues and witches. The chapter explores the contemporary relevance of insights derived from this history of mobility in which control of movement which would now be characterized as ‘internal’ eventually became displaced on to national borders.Less
Chapter 1 locates contemporary immigration within the historical concern of rulers with the mobility of the ruled, the relation between geographical and labour mobility and settlement and claims on the community. It examines the attempts to control the mobility of the poor in England from the fourteenth century onwards and how this was related to labour and an anxiety about social order. For centuries, it was the vagrant rather than the immigrant who was seen as a threat to social cohesion, the breeding ground for an anti-society of rogues and witches. The chapter explores the contemporary relevance of insights derived from this history of mobility in which control of movement which would now be characterized as ‘internal’ eventually became displaced on to national borders.
Mary Youssef
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781474415415
- eISBN:
- 9781474449755
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474415415.003.0003
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
Foregrounding the histories and experiences of ethno-religious minorities, the Copts’ in fifth-century Egypt in Azazeel and the Jews’ in the twentieth century in Akhir yahud al-iskandariyya, both ...
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Foregrounding the histories and experiences of ethno-religious minorities, the Copts’ in fifth-century Egypt in Azazeel and the Jews’ in the twentieth century in Akhir yahud al-iskandariyya, both novels simultaneously challenge conventional cultural and historical narratives of Egypt and highlight these groups’ global particularities. This beyond-the-nation literary reflection situates these groups within a larger, all-too-familiar, and fallible humanity and underlines the interplay between empire, nation-state, religion, and power. Examining these intricacies, this chapter pays attention to how both novels speak to rising exclusionary nationalisms and puritanical isolationism on the basis of religion—whether practiced in historical imperial or modern nationalist contexts.
Set in Alexandria, which is celebrated as a cosmopolitan center, the novels disclose the city’s historical instabilities by mirroring the tumult lives of its fictional inhabitants. The characters’ uncertainties, global vagrancy, and subversion of established bodies of knowledge are connected to Rebecca Walkowitz’s conceptualization of a critical strand of cosmopolitanism.Less
Foregrounding the histories and experiences of ethno-religious minorities, the Copts’ in fifth-century Egypt in Azazeel and the Jews’ in the twentieth century in Akhir yahud al-iskandariyya, both novels simultaneously challenge conventional cultural and historical narratives of Egypt and highlight these groups’ global particularities. This beyond-the-nation literary reflection situates these groups within a larger, all-too-familiar, and fallible humanity and underlines the interplay between empire, nation-state, religion, and power. Examining these intricacies, this chapter pays attention to how both novels speak to rising exclusionary nationalisms and puritanical isolationism on the basis of religion—whether practiced in historical imperial or modern nationalist contexts.
Set in Alexandria, which is celebrated as a cosmopolitan center, the novels disclose the city’s historical instabilities by mirroring the tumult lives of its fictional inhabitants. The characters’ uncertainties, global vagrancy, and subversion of established bodies of knowledge are connected to Rebecca Walkowitz’s conceptualization of a critical strand of cosmopolitanism.
Hsuan L. Hsu
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781479880416
- eISBN:
- 9781479843404
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479880416.003.0003
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
This chapter examines the legal and cultural connections between vagrancy and racialization by focusing on the ways in which the relative immobilization of Chinese, Native American, and black bodies ...
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This chapter examines the legal and cultural connections between vagrancy and racialization by focusing on the ways in which the relative immobilization of Chinese, Native American, and black bodies underwrote the romanticized white vagabondage at the heart of Mark Twain's novel Huckleberry Finn and its intertexts. Through closed readings of Huckleberry Finn and Bret Harte's “Three Vagabonds of Trinidad,” the chapter highlights the disproportionate use of vagrancy laws to criminalize Native American, Mexican, black, and Chinese subjects. More specifically, it reads Huckleberry Finn's white vagabonds alongside legal, popular, and literary treatments of racialized mobility in the postbellum South and West. It concludes by analyzing the aftermaths of Chinese purges and Indian massacres dramatized in “Three Vagabonds of Trinidad.”Less
This chapter examines the legal and cultural connections between vagrancy and racialization by focusing on the ways in which the relative immobilization of Chinese, Native American, and black bodies underwrote the romanticized white vagabondage at the heart of Mark Twain's novel Huckleberry Finn and its intertexts. Through closed readings of Huckleberry Finn and Bret Harte's “Three Vagabonds of Trinidad,” the chapter highlights the disproportionate use of vagrancy laws to criminalize Native American, Mexican, black, and Chinese subjects. More specifically, it reads Huckleberry Finn's white vagabonds alongside legal, popular, and literary treatments of racialized mobility in the postbellum South and West. It concludes by analyzing the aftermaths of Chinese purges and Indian massacres dramatized in “Three Vagabonds of Trinidad.”
Caitriona Clear
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719074370
- eISBN:
- 9781781700693
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719074370.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Social History
There was some development of non-agricultural employment in Ireland between 1851 and 1922, but this does not mean that there was work for everyone. Emigration masked the true extent of unemployment, ...
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There was some development of non-agricultural employment in Ireland between 1851 and 1922, but this does not mean that there was work for everyone. Emigration masked the true extent of unemployment, millions of people moving from the country and sending home money. There was, however, an increase in the numbers of people employed in professional and white-collar work, in local government and civil service work, in commercial and distributive work, in transport and communications, and in some kinds of industrial work. The definition of work changed between 1850 and 1922. The hand-to-mouth subsistence work to which many people claimed attachment in 1851 gradually ceased to be considered real employment. Homeless peddlers, prostitutes, beggars and others of precarious income gradually disappear from the Census occupational tables only to turn up again in the vagrancy statistics.Less
There was some development of non-agricultural employment in Ireland between 1851 and 1922, but this does not mean that there was work for everyone. Emigration masked the true extent of unemployment, millions of people moving from the country and sending home money. There was, however, an increase in the numbers of people employed in professional and white-collar work, in local government and civil service work, in commercial and distributive work, in transport and communications, and in some kinds of industrial work. The definition of work changed between 1850 and 1922. The hand-to-mouth subsistence work to which many people claimed attachment in 1851 gradually ceased to be considered real employment. Homeless peddlers, prostitutes, beggars and others of precarious income gradually disappear from the Census occupational tables only to turn up again in the vagrancy statistics.
Caitriona Clear
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719074370
- eISBN:
- 9781781700693
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719074370.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, Social History
Vagrants and prostitutes were among those who would have been described as ‘poor’ by everyone, including labourers and casual workers. As targets of repression and recipients of relief, they were in ...
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Vagrants and prostitutes were among those who would have been described as ‘poor’ by everyone, including labourers and casual workers. As targets of repression and recipients of relief, they were in regular contact with government and voluntary agencies of the time. Vagrancy or wandering homelessness in Ireland and in Britain was seen as such an ongoing social problem that it prompted a special government commission in 1906. Social panic about prostitution happened a little earlier, in the 1860s and 1870s, flaring and fading at intervals for the remainder of the period. The male vagrant provoked contempt not only because he was a ‘masterless man’ but because he was not master even of his own house. Prostitutes were subjected to quite energetic persecution by working-class and artisan townspeople in eighteenth-century Ireland, while wandering beggars in pre-Famine Ireland were often hunted and persecuted.Less
Vagrants and prostitutes were among those who would have been described as ‘poor’ by everyone, including labourers and casual workers. As targets of repression and recipients of relief, they were in regular contact with government and voluntary agencies of the time. Vagrancy or wandering homelessness in Ireland and in Britain was seen as such an ongoing social problem that it prompted a special government commission in 1906. Social panic about prostitution happened a little earlier, in the 1860s and 1870s, flaring and fading at intervals for the remainder of the period. The male vagrant provoked contempt not only because he was a ‘masterless man’ but because he was not master even of his own house. Prostitutes were subjected to quite energetic persecution by working-class and artisan townspeople in eighteenth-century Ireland, while wandering beggars in pre-Famine Ireland were often hunted and persecuted.
Owen Dudley Edwards
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748616510
- eISBN:
- 9780748653621
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748616510.003.0003
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism
This chapter looks at evacuees and gurus during the war, and presents the effects of reading on evacuees, most of whom learnt to read using comics. It then identifies a propaganda point that was ...
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This chapter looks at evacuees and gurus during the war, and presents the effects of reading on evacuees, most of whom learnt to read using comics. It then identifies a propaganda point that was discovered during the war: children are more convincing as martyrs than as fighters. The chapter also shows that reading prevented children from slipping into theft and vagrancy, and even helped them pass the time while on their way to America and other countries. The latter half of the chapter focuses on the role of gurus in children's fiction, which is embodied in characters such as Aslan in The Lion, The Witch and the Wardrobe.Less
This chapter looks at evacuees and gurus during the war, and presents the effects of reading on evacuees, most of whom learnt to read using comics. It then identifies a propaganda point that was discovered during the war: children are more convincing as martyrs than as fighters. The chapter also shows that reading prevented children from slipping into theft and vagrancy, and even helped them pass the time while on their way to America and other countries. The latter half of the chapter focuses on the role of gurus in children's fiction, which is embodied in characters such as Aslan in The Lion, The Witch and the Wardrobe.
