Yannis M. Ioannides
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691126852
- eISBN:
- 9781400845385
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691126852.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter explores what the interactions of individuals and firms in their vicinity and in broader communities reveal about the spatial structure of cities as self-organization by agents. It first ...
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This chapter explores what the interactions of individuals and firms in their vicinity and in broader communities reveal about the spatial structure of cities as self-organization by agents. It first introduces a benchmark, the Alonso–Mills–Muth model of a city in its bare essentials, and examines its implications for urban density and the associated pattern of land prices in the case with a predetermined center, the central business district (CBD). It then considers the geometry of spatial equilibrium when there is no predetermined center and social interactions are dispersed, along with the location decisions of firms in urban space, monocentric versus polycentric models of the urban economy, and the Lucas–Rossi-Hansberg models of urban spatial structure with productive externalities. It also analyzes neighborhood effects, urban equilibrium when proximity is a conduit for the transmission of job-related information, and the link between choice of job matching and spatial structure.Less
This chapter explores what the interactions of individuals and firms in their vicinity and in broader communities reveal about the spatial structure of cities as self-organization by agents. It first introduces a benchmark, the Alonso–Mills–Muth model of a city in its bare essentials, and examines its implications for urban density and the associated pattern of land prices in the case with a predetermined center, the central business district (CBD). It then considers the geometry of spatial equilibrium when there is no predetermined center and social interactions are dispersed, along with the location decisions of firms in urban space, monocentric versus polycentric models of the urban economy, and the Lucas–Rossi-Hansberg models of urban spatial structure with productive externalities. It also analyzes neighborhood effects, urban equilibrium when proximity is a conduit for the transmission of job-related information, and the link between choice of job matching and spatial structure.
Steven T. Moga
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780226710532
- eISBN:
- 9780226710679
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226710679.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
The urban lowland neighborhoods known as bottoms, hollows, and flats declined after 1940. Highway projects, public housing, zoning, redlining, immigration restrictions, population movements, and ...
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The urban lowland neighborhoods known as bottoms, hollows, and flats declined after 1940. Highway projects, public housing, zoning, redlining, immigration restrictions, population movements, and changes in transportation combined to remake urban spatial structure. Real estate developers and government agencies built low- and moderate-cost housing complexes on floodplains, especially inland locations and proximate to industrialized waterways, far from the recreational amenities and coastal environments that could be sold as “waterfront property.” The connections between class, race, immigration, and topography continued in new forms. Environmental hazards, social marginalization, and economic polarization in the twenty-first century echo nineteenth century urban problems. In the poorest neighborhoods and skid rows of disinvested and declining cities Americans continue to refer to the worst-off places as “the bottoms.” The long-lasting consequences stemming from the creation and destruction of urban lowland neighborhoods are present in the twenty-first century American city.Less
The urban lowland neighborhoods known as bottoms, hollows, and flats declined after 1940. Highway projects, public housing, zoning, redlining, immigration restrictions, population movements, and changes in transportation combined to remake urban spatial structure. Real estate developers and government agencies built low- and moderate-cost housing complexes on floodplains, especially inland locations and proximate to industrialized waterways, far from the recreational amenities and coastal environments that could be sold as “waterfront property.” The connections between class, race, immigration, and topography continued in new forms. Environmental hazards, social marginalization, and economic polarization in the twenty-first century echo nineteenth century urban problems. In the poorest neighborhoods and skid rows of disinvested and declining cities Americans continue to refer to the worst-off places as “the bottoms.” The long-lasting consequences stemming from the creation and destruction of urban lowland neighborhoods are present in the twenty-first century American city.
