Hagith Sivan
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199284177
- eISBN:
- 9780191712555
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199284177.003.0009
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Asian and Middle Eastern History: BCE to 500CE
This chapter focuses on the urban landscape in Caesarea Maritima (capital of Palestine), Sepphoris, and Gaza in late antiquity. Caesarea's gates, the scene of unburied and mutilated corpses of ...
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This chapter focuses on the urban landscape in Caesarea Maritima (capital of Palestine), Sepphoris, and Gaza in late antiquity. Caesarea's gates, the scene of unburied and mutilated corpses of Christians at the dawn of the fourth century, formed an integral part of the urban layout. They embodied on the one hand the unity of the Caesarean community, and provided, on the other hand, a political and military symbol. At Sepphoris, as in Caesarea, the mute gesture of pillars and gutters joined in a social activity that paid tribute to humans with exceptional merit. Like the urbanites themselves, essential elements of the city's architecture mourned the passing of a notable wit or celebrity martyrs. Gaza provides the modern historian of Palestinian cities in late antiquity with the ability to focus on two formative moments in its history: the appearance of Christianity in the city (mid-late 4th century) and the parallel prosperity of monasticism and rhetoric in the late 5th and early 6th century.Less
This chapter focuses on the urban landscape in Caesarea Maritima (capital of Palestine), Sepphoris, and Gaza in late antiquity. Caesarea's gates, the scene of unburied and mutilated corpses of Christians at the dawn of the fourth century, formed an integral part of the urban layout. They embodied on the one hand the unity of the Caesarean community, and provided, on the other hand, a political and military symbol. At Sepphoris, as in Caesarea, the mute gesture of pillars and gutters joined in a social activity that paid tribute to humans with exceptional merit. Like the urbanites themselves, essential elements of the city's architecture mourned the passing of a notable wit or celebrity martyrs. Gaza provides the modern historian of Palestinian cities in late antiquity with the ability to focus on two formative moments in its history: the appearance of Christianity in the city (mid-late 4th century) and the parallel prosperity of monasticism and rhetoric in the late 5th and early 6th century.
Christopher Smith
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197263259
- eISBN:
- 9780191734618
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197263259.003.0005
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
This chapter examines the urbanization process in Rome based on archaeological evidence. Archaeological attention has been refocused on Rome because the question of the reliability of our sources for ...
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This chapter examines the urbanization process in Rome based on archaeological evidence. Archaeological attention has been refocused on Rome because the question of the reliability of our sources for early Rome has been reopened and because recent and ancient sources have been found to cohere to a surprising degree. The chapter suggests that the curiae are interestingly urban in their interests and functions, and in the way they participate in conscious and unconscious dialectics across the whole urban landscape. It also discusses the distinction between proto-urban and urban.Less
This chapter examines the urbanization process in Rome based on archaeological evidence. Archaeological attention has been refocused on Rome because the question of the reliability of our sources for early Rome has been reopened and because recent and ancient sources have been found to cohere to a surprising degree. The chapter suggests that the curiae are interestingly urban in their interests and functions, and in the way they participate in conscious and unconscious dialectics across the whole urban landscape. It also discusses the distinction between proto-urban and urban.
Thomas Blom Hansen
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691152950
- eISBN:
- 9781400842612
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691152950.003.0006
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
This chapter focuses on the rise of new forms of cultural mobility in the postapartheid city, particularly, the rise of the kombi taxi and its massive sound system as the most striking innovation in ...
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This chapter focuses on the rise of new forms of cultural mobility in the postapartheid city, particularly, the rise of the kombi taxi and its massive sound system as the most striking innovation in the urban landscape. While the private taxi industry has been at the center of much violence and criminal networks, it has also been important in providing new forms of agile physical mobility across the fixed boundaries in the city. More importantly, the taxis have also been the vehicles and symbols of a new type of music and youth culture that begins to cut across boundaries of class and race. The chapter explores the particular form of taxi industry in Chatsworth and looks at the wider phenomenon of the new sonic taste alliances forged by kwaito and other forms of urban music after apartheid.Less
This chapter focuses on the rise of new forms of cultural mobility in the postapartheid city, particularly, the rise of the kombi taxi and its massive sound system as the most striking innovation in the urban landscape. While the private taxi industry has been at the center of much violence and criminal networks, it has also been important in providing new forms of agile physical mobility across the fixed boundaries in the city. More importantly, the taxis have also been the vehicles and symbols of a new type of music and youth culture that begins to cut across boundaries of class and race. The chapter explores the particular form of taxi industry in Chatsworth and looks at the wider phenomenon of the new sonic taste alliances forged by kwaito and other forms of urban music after apartheid.
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780853235392
- eISBN:
- 9781846314643
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780853235392.003.0006
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
This chapter identifies common themes, universal concepts, and traditions as well as emergent trends in garden festivals. The focus is on the open space production of these events. A key question is ...
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This chapter identifies common themes, universal concepts, and traditions as well as emergent trends in garden festivals. The focus is on the open space production of these events. A key question is how and to what extent planning correlates with the ultimate quality of the final site condition, given that garden festivals are essentially self-contained processes that do not always reflect, or follow, local planning policies. The chapter also attempts to cull from selected projects innovative or validating aesthetics of the spatial aspects of the urban experience. Given that there can be considerable debate over just what qualifies as ‘aesthetic’, here it is required that the urban landscape be understandable at a human scale and that it may be apprehended in terms of visual, as well as functional, patterns.Less
This chapter identifies common themes, universal concepts, and traditions as well as emergent trends in garden festivals. The focus is on the open space production of these events. A key question is how and to what extent planning correlates with the ultimate quality of the final site condition, given that garden festivals are essentially self-contained processes that do not always reflect, or follow, local planning policies. The chapter also attempts to cull from selected projects innovative or validating aesthetics of the spatial aspects of the urban experience. Given that there can be considerable debate over just what qualifies as ‘aesthetic’, here it is required that the urban landscape be understandable at a human scale and that it may be apprehended in terms of visual, as well as functional, patterns.
Catherine Cocks
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520227460
- eISBN:
- 9780520926493
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520227460.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter talks about the thousands of Americans, along with immigrants from Ireland, Germany, and a slew of other countries, who contributed to the unprecedented rate of urban growth in the ...
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This chapter talks about the thousands of Americans, along with immigrants from Ireland, Germany, and a slew of other countries, who contributed to the unprecedented rate of urban growth in the United States in the mid-nineteenth century. The grounds of the expositions provided a model for a refined and republican urban landscape, and the way that visitors perceived and moved around the fair grounds offered an alternative to existing urban spatial practices. The emergence of new ideas about leisure, pleasure travel, and urban life signaled the reconceptualization of urban space and social relations in ways that made urban tourism possible. In trying to reconcile the contradictions among profit, refinement, republican egalitarianism, and the ideal of separate spheres, trains and hotels both legitimized public leisure and shifted the boundary between public and private spaces and behaviors.Less
This chapter talks about the thousands of Americans, along with immigrants from Ireland, Germany, and a slew of other countries, who contributed to the unprecedented rate of urban growth in the United States in the mid-nineteenth century. The grounds of the expositions provided a model for a refined and republican urban landscape, and the way that visitors perceived and moved around the fair grounds offered an alternative to existing urban spatial practices. The emergence of new ideas about leisure, pleasure travel, and urban life signaled the reconceptualization of urban space and social relations in ways that made urban tourism possible. In trying to reconcile the contradictions among profit, refinement, republican egalitarianism, and the ideal of separate spheres, trains and hotels both legitimized public leisure and shifted the boundary between public and private spaces and behaviors.
Sara Brandellero
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199589524
- eISBN:
- 9780191595462
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199589524.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, World Literature, 20th-century and Contemporary Literature
This chapter analyses João Cabral's collections Sevilha andando and Andando Sevilha. Often juxtaposed to the North-East, the city of Seville featured prominently in Cabral's œuvre as an embodiment of ...
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This chapter analyses João Cabral's collections Sevilha andando and Andando Sevilha. Often juxtaposed to the North-East, the city of Seville featured prominently in Cabral's œuvre as an embodiment of life and defiance in the face of mortality, and the figure of the walking sevilhana as an image of empowerment is central to the first of the collections analysed. In constructing his image of women, Cabral's position as a postcolonial writer was not compromised, as testified by his dialogue with European writers of canonical standing centred around the female figure. The sevilhana's elusiveness also has important meta-textual connotations, and attention is given to her as a metaphor for language and writing. Innovative configurations of femininity discussed here are coherent with representations of the city of Seville and its inhabitants in Andando Sevilha, studied in the second part of this chapter, in which the meta-textual implications of representations of the urban landscape for our understanding of Cabral's evolving thoughts on writing are considered.Less
This chapter analyses João Cabral's collections Sevilha andando and Andando Sevilha. Often juxtaposed to the North-East, the city of Seville featured prominently in Cabral's œuvre as an embodiment of life and defiance in the face of mortality, and the figure of the walking sevilhana as an image of empowerment is central to the first of the collections analysed. In constructing his image of women, Cabral's position as a postcolonial writer was not compromised, as testified by his dialogue with European writers of canonical standing centred around the female figure. The sevilhana's elusiveness also has important meta-textual connotations, and attention is given to her as a metaphor for language and writing. Innovative configurations of femininity discussed here are coherent with representations of the city of Seville and its inhabitants in Andando Sevilha, studied in the second part of this chapter, in which the meta-textual implications of representations of the urban landscape for our understanding of Cabral's evolving thoughts on writing are considered.
Michael Dietler
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520265516
- eISBN:
- 9780520947948
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520265516.003.0008
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, European History: BCE to 500CE
The colonial encounter unfolded within an evolving set of interrelated material and conceptual spaces that both organized the flow of interactions and were reconfigured by the colonial experience. ...
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The colonial encounter unfolded within an evolving set of interrelated material and conceptual spaces that both organized the flow of interactions and were reconfigured by the colonial experience. This chapter examines two dimensions of that set of spaces—landscapes of daily life and ritual—and asks what these features can tell us about the nature and consequences of the encounter. In both Greek and indigenous societies, most sites of funerary ritual (aside from infant burials) were located outside urban contexts. On the other hand, the location of other kinds of ritual places, or at least the architectonic marking of such places, offers an interesting contrast between Greeks and indigenous peoples. Greek settlements were generally centered on monumental buildings dedicated to religious ritual, while indigenous settlements generally had no monumental public buildings within the city walls. This chapter explores urban landscape in Mediterranean France, innovations during the colonial period, and transformations in urban landscapes or urbanism.Less
The colonial encounter unfolded within an evolving set of interrelated material and conceptual spaces that both organized the flow of interactions and were reconfigured by the colonial experience. This chapter examines two dimensions of that set of spaces—landscapes of daily life and ritual—and asks what these features can tell us about the nature and consequences of the encounter. In both Greek and indigenous societies, most sites of funerary ritual (aside from infant burials) were located outside urban contexts. On the other hand, the location of other kinds of ritual places, or at least the architectonic marking of such places, offers an interesting contrast between Greeks and indigenous peoples. Greek settlements were generally centered on monumental buildings dedicated to religious ritual, while indigenous settlements generally had no monumental public buildings within the city walls. This chapter explores urban landscape in Mediterranean France, innovations during the colonial period, and transformations in urban landscapes or urbanism.
John MacDonald, Charles Branas, and Robert Stokes
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780691195216
- eISBN:
- 9780691197791
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691195216.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
The design of every aspect of the urban landscape—from streets and sidewalks to green spaces, mass transit, and housing—fundamentally influences the health and safety of the communities who live ...
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The design of every aspect of the urban landscape—from streets and sidewalks to green spaces, mass transit, and housing—fundamentally influences the health and safety of the communities who live there. It can affect people's stress levels and determine whether they walk or drive, the quality of the air they breathe, and how free they are from crime. This book provides a compelling look at the new science and art of urban planning, showing how scientists, planners, and citizens can work together to reshape city life in measurably positive ways. It demonstrates how well-designed changes to place can significantly improve the well-being of large groups of people. The book argues that there is a disconnect between those who implement place-based changes, such as planners and developers, and the urban scientists who are now able to rigorously evaluate these changes through testing and experimentation. It covers a broad range of structural interventions, such as building and housing, land and open space, transportation and street environments, and entertainment and recreation centers. Science shows we can enhance people's health and safety by changing neighborhoods block-by-block. The book explains why planners and developers need to recognize the value of scientific testing, and why scientists need to embrace the indispensable know-how of planners and developers. It reveals how these professionals, working together and with urban residents, can create place-based interventions that are simple, affordable, and scalable to entire cities.Less
The design of every aspect of the urban landscape—from streets and sidewalks to green spaces, mass transit, and housing—fundamentally influences the health and safety of the communities who live there. It can affect people's stress levels and determine whether they walk or drive, the quality of the air they breathe, and how free they are from crime. This book provides a compelling look at the new science and art of urban planning, showing how scientists, planners, and citizens can work together to reshape city life in measurably positive ways. It demonstrates how well-designed changes to place can significantly improve the well-being of large groups of people. The book argues that there is a disconnect between those who implement place-based changes, such as planners and developers, and the urban scientists who are now able to rigorously evaluate these changes through testing and experimentation. It covers a broad range of structural interventions, such as building and housing, land and open space, transportation and street environments, and entertainment and recreation centers. Science shows we can enhance people's health and safety by changing neighborhoods block-by-block. The book explains why planners and developers need to recognize the value of scientific testing, and why scientists need to embrace the indispensable know-how of planners and developers. It reveals how these professionals, working together and with urban residents, can create place-based interventions that are simple, affordable, and scalable to entire cities.
Martin Sauerwein
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- December 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199563562
- eISBN:
- 9780191774713
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199563562.003.0006
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology
The chapter answers the question: what are urban soils? It provides a characterization of urban soils. These can be described as former natural or artificial soils with a specifically urban pattern ...
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The chapter answers the question: what are urban soils? It provides a characterization of urban soils. These can be described as former natural or artificial soils with a specifically urban pattern of contamination, whose natural properties have been strongly modified by a wide range of human activities of varying intensities. Locally important soil contamination is discussed. Soils can be a source of contamination for humans. There are a number of typical urban soil contaminant sources and input forms. The properties of urban soils can be described by three types: urbanisation challenging natural soils, soils of technical substrates, and sealed soils. Therefore there is a typical genesis of urban soils, which is partly different from the genesis of natural soils. Soils are part of the urban ecosystem and fulfil important functions. For this reason soil functions can be divided into natural functions, archival functions, and land-use functions. The chapter shows that on the surface of urban regions, urban soil landscapes can be derived. From this, an urban soil map can be produced. Pedogenetical processes can transform and translocate materials within the soils. That leads to a classification of soils in settlements, which is based on the urban constraints (urban structural units), the location quality (depth distribution), and the local burden (material household). The chapter ends by discussing an urban soil protection concept.Less
The chapter answers the question: what are urban soils? It provides a characterization of urban soils. These can be described as former natural or artificial soils with a specifically urban pattern of contamination, whose natural properties have been strongly modified by a wide range of human activities of varying intensities. Locally important soil contamination is discussed. Soils can be a source of contamination for humans. There are a number of typical urban soil contaminant sources and input forms. The properties of urban soils can be described by three types: urbanisation challenging natural soils, soils of technical substrates, and sealed soils. Therefore there is a typical genesis of urban soils, which is partly different from the genesis of natural soils. Soils are part of the urban ecosystem and fulfil important functions. For this reason soil functions can be divided into natural functions, archival functions, and land-use functions. The chapter shows that on the surface of urban regions, urban soil landscapes can be derived. From this, an urban soil map can be produced. Pedogenetical processes can transform and translocate materials within the soils. That leads to a classification of soils in settlements, which is based on the urban constraints (urban structural units), the location quality (depth distribution), and the local burden (material household). The chapter ends by discussing an urban soil protection concept.
Shuqin Cui
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824840037
- eISBN:
- 9780824868390
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824840037.003.0009
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
The most striking thing about China's rapid transformation from state-socialism to state-capitalism is the changing landscape of urban space. The radical process of urbanization generates a dialectic ...
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The most striking thing about China's rapid transformation from state-socialism to state-capitalism is the changing landscape of urban space. The radical process of urbanization generates a dialectic between destruction and construction, between ruin aesthetics and urban narratives, where interactions reflect demographical and ideological expressions of power. This chapter considers how artists use fictional narratives to explore the emerging urban landscape. Taking Xing Danwen's photographic series Urban Fiction as a visual example, it examines the maquettes (scale models) of real estate showrooms the photographer fills with self-designed dramas from everyday life. While presenting viewers with urban fictions, the manufactured architectural models and fabricated shows pinpoint critical social problems and gender issues in a rapidly changing society. In her Wall House series, the artist translocates the metropolis of Beijing to the town of Groningen in the Netherlands. The mode of translocality opens up contact and contrast zones where the artist juxtaposes local and global, self and other, thereby transforming John Hejduk's Wall House from a notion of spatial separation to one of cultural interaction.Less
The most striking thing about China's rapid transformation from state-socialism to state-capitalism is the changing landscape of urban space. The radical process of urbanization generates a dialectic between destruction and construction, between ruin aesthetics and urban narratives, where interactions reflect demographical and ideological expressions of power. This chapter considers how artists use fictional narratives to explore the emerging urban landscape. Taking Xing Danwen's photographic series Urban Fiction as a visual example, it examines the maquettes (scale models) of real estate showrooms the photographer fills with self-designed dramas from everyday life. While presenting viewers with urban fictions, the manufactured architectural models and fabricated shows pinpoint critical social problems and gender issues in a rapidly changing society. In her Wall House series, the artist translocates the metropolis of Beijing to the town of Groningen in the Netherlands. The mode of translocality opens up contact and contrast zones where the artist juxtaposes local and global, self and other, thereby transforming John Hejduk's Wall House from a notion of spatial separation to one of cultural interaction.
Glenn R. Guntenspergen
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- December 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199563562
- eISBN:
- 9780191774713
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199563562.003.0015
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology
This section has explored how the dynamics of urban landscapes influence vegetation and wildlife, the general patterns occurring in urban habitats, and the relationships and interactions existing in ...
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This section has explored how the dynamics of urban landscapes influence vegetation and wildlife, the general patterns occurring in urban habitats, and the relationships and interactions existing in urban ecosystems. It emphasises the importance of understanding the fundamental role of biotic and physical drivers as well as the physical infrastructure and social drivers in order to get a better grasp of urban biodiversity patterns. A variety of factors can have an impact on biodiversity in cities, but both comparative and experimental studies are needed to test the importance of different causes which influence the course of the so-called ‘braided stream’ and determine whether they result in recognisable patterns. The complexities of urban landscapes makes it imperative to make progress in a number of areas, particularly how one views the urban landscape.Less
This section has explored how the dynamics of urban landscapes influence vegetation and wildlife, the general patterns occurring in urban habitats, and the relationships and interactions existing in urban ecosystems. It emphasises the importance of understanding the fundamental role of biotic and physical drivers as well as the physical infrastructure and social drivers in order to get a better grasp of urban biodiversity patterns. A variety of factors can have an impact on biodiversity in cities, but both comparative and experimental studies are needed to test the importance of different causes which influence the course of the so-called ‘braided stream’ and determine whether they result in recognisable patterns. The complexities of urban landscapes makes it imperative to make progress in a number of areas, particularly how one views the urban landscape.
Manish Chalana (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9789888208333
- eISBN:
- 9789888313471
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888208333.001.0001
- Subject:
- Architecture, Architectural Theory and Criticism
Seemingly messy and chaotic, the landscapes and urban life of cities in Asia possess an order and hierarchy which often challenge understanding and appreciation. With a cross-disciplinary group of ...
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Seemingly messy and chaotic, the landscapes and urban life of cities in Asia possess an order and hierarchy which often challenge understanding and appreciation. With a cross-disciplinary group of authors, Messy Urbanism: Understanding the “Other” Cities of Asia examines a range of cases in Asia to explore the social and institutional politics of urban formality and the contexts in which this “messiness” emerges or is constructed. The book brings a distinct perspective to the broader patterns of informal urban orders and processes as well as their interplay with formalized systems and mechanisms. It also raises questions about the production of cities, cityscapes, and citizenship. Messy Urbanism will appeal to professionals, students, and scholars in the fields of urban studies, architecture, landscape architecture, planning and policy, as well as Asian studies.Less
Seemingly messy and chaotic, the landscapes and urban life of cities in Asia possess an order and hierarchy which often challenge understanding and appreciation. With a cross-disciplinary group of authors, Messy Urbanism: Understanding the “Other” Cities of Asia examines a range of cases in Asia to explore the social and institutional politics of urban formality and the contexts in which this “messiness” emerges or is constructed. The book brings a distinct perspective to the broader patterns of informal urban orders and processes as well as their interplay with formalized systems and mechanisms. It also raises questions about the production of cities, cityscapes, and citizenship. Messy Urbanism will appeal to professionals, students, and scholars in the fields of urban studies, architecture, landscape architecture, planning and policy, as well as Asian studies.
Colin Fisher
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781469619958
- eISBN:
- 9781469619972
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469619958.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Environmental History
This chapter explores some of the well-known urban and peri-urban landscapes that can be found in and around Chicago with the help of naturalist Leonard Dubkin. It examines six major ...
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This chapter explores some of the well-known urban and peri-urban landscapes that can be found in and around Chicago with the help of naturalist Leonard Dubkin. It examines six major nineteenth-century pastoral parks, dozens of smaller neighborhood athletic parks, the Lake Michigan shore, and an abundance of forest preserves, including commercial groves, beer gardens, and amusement parks. These are the places where Chicagoans “found nature,” as many felt that they could escape the work, exhaustion, illness, and artifice associated with urban Chicago. The chapter takes note of how the farthest nature reserves and wildlife parks were mostly visited by affluent families during vacation and that working-class Chicagoans typically stayed home. However, this lack of means does not imply that these Chicagoans were far from nature as they found it from the green spaces in the city. A member of the working class, Dubkin wrote stories about his adventures with “urban nature.”Less
This chapter explores some of the well-known urban and peri-urban landscapes that can be found in and around Chicago with the help of naturalist Leonard Dubkin. It examines six major nineteenth-century pastoral parks, dozens of smaller neighborhood athletic parks, the Lake Michigan shore, and an abundance of forest preserves, including commercial groves, beer gardens, and amusement parks. These are the places where Chicagoans “found nature,” as many felt that they could escape the work, exhaustion, illness, and artifice associated with urban Chicago. The chapter takes note of how the farthest nature reserves and wildlife parks were mostly visited by affluent families during vacation and that working-class Chicagoans typically stayed home. However, this lack of means does not imply that these Chicagoans were far from nature as they found it from the green spaces in the city. A member of the working class, Dubkin wrote stories about his adventures with “urban nature.”
Thomas Elmqvist
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- December 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199563562
- eISBN:
- 9780191774713
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199563562.003.0029
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology
This section has examined how urban ecosystems work, how they change, and what limits their performance; how the constantly evolving urban landscapes around the world result in human modifications, ...
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This section has examined how urban ecosystems work, how they change, and what limits their performance; how the constantly evolving urban landscapes around the world result in human modifications, metabolic flows, networks, and built structures; and the role of urban ecosystems in facilitating a transition to a future beyond fossil fuels and reducing the adverse effects of climate change. It has explained how ecosystems provide flexibility in urban landscapes and how the concept of ecosystem services can be used to elucidate the impact of biodiversity and ecosystems to human well-being. In addition, the chapters in this section have considered urban resilience and the pathways to sustainable urban development.Less
This section has examined how urban ecosystems work, how they change, and what limits their performance; how the constantly evolving urban landscapes around the world result in human modifications, metabolic flows, networks, and built structures; and the role of urban ecosystems in facilitating a transition to a future beyond fossil fuels and reducing the adverse effects of climate change. It has explained how ecosystems provide flexibility in urban landscapes and how the concept of ecosystem services can be used to elucidate the impact of biodiversity and ecosystems to human well-being. In addition, the chapters in this section have considered urban resilience and the pathways to sustainable urban development.
Michael Dietler
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520265516
- eISBN:
- 9780520947948
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520265516.001.0001
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, European History: BCE to 500CE
This book presents a theoretically informed, up-to-date study of interactions between indigenous peoples of Mediterranean France and Etruscan, Greek and Roman colonists during the first millennium ...
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This book presents a theoretically informed, up-to-date study of interactions between indigenous peoples of Mediterranean France and Etruscan, Greek and Roman colonists during the first millennium B.C. Analyzing archaeological data and ancient texts, the book explores these colonial encounters over six centuries, focusing on material culture, urban landscapes, economic practices, and forms of violence. It shows how selective consumption linked native societies and colonists and created transformative relationships for each. It also examines the role these ancient encounters played in the formation of modern European identity, and colonial ideology and practices, enumerating the problems for archaeologists attempting to re-examine these past societies.Less
This book presents a theoretically informed, up-to-date study of interactions between indigenous peoples of Mediterranean France and Etruscan, Greek and Roman colonists during the first millennium B.C. Analyzing archaeological data and ancient texts, the book explores these colonial encounters over six centuries, focusing on material culture, urban landscapes, economic practices, and forms of violence. It shows how selective consumption linked native societies and colonists and created transformative relationships for each. It also examines the role these ancient encounters played in the formation of modern European identity, and colonial ideology and practices, enumerating the problems for archaeologists attempting to re-examine these past societies.
Jason Weems
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780816677504
- eISBN:
- 9781452953533
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816677504.003.0005
- Subject:
- Art, Visual Culture
Chapter 4 studies the impact of Midwestern aerial vision on a broader scope of 1930s landscape representation by demonstrating the central place of Midwestern image and ideology in the development of ...
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Chapter 4 studies the impact of Midwestern aerial vision on a broader scope of 1930s landscape representation by demonstrating the central place of Midwestern image and ideology in the development of new schemes for democratic and utopian urban life, in particular Frank Lloyd Wright’s plan for Broadacre City. Intended to unite both city and countryside into a single space, Wright’s project created a uniquely American and Midwestern template for a new kind of urban landscape—one that integrated the forms and forces of American industrial modernity with the long-standing ideologies and patterns of Jeffersonian agrarian democracy. In order to bring together these two different understandings of space and culture, Wright leaned heavily on two interconnected practices of Midwestern aeriality: the first evident in the deployment of aerial vision as a tool for the rational reordering of both country and city environments, and the second evident in the way Wright and other like-minded planners explicitly embraced the agrarian landscape as a model for their new visions for urban life. The architect’s ideas and the responses they generated underscore the efficacy of the Midwestern landscape as a model for conceiving a much more extensive set of American spatial and cultural revisionings.Less
Chapter 4 studies the impact of Midwestern aerial vision on a broader scope of 1930s landscape representation by demonstrating the central place of Midwestern image and ideology in the development of new schemes for democratic and utopian urban life, in particular Frank Lloyd Wright’s plan for Broadacre City. Intended to unite both city and countryside into a single space, Wright’s project created a uniquely American and Midwestern template for a new kind of urban landscape—one that integrated the forms and forces of American industrial modernity with the long-standing ideologies and patterns of Jeffersonian agrarian democracy. In order to bring together these two different understandings of space and culture, Wright leaned heavily on two interconnected practices of Midwestern aeriality: the first evident in the deployment of aerial vision as a tool for the rational reordering of both country and city environments, and the second evident in the way Wright and other like-minded planners explicitly embraced the agrarian landscape as a model for their new visions for urban life. The architect’s ideas and the responses they generated underscore the efficacy of the Midwestern landscape as a model for conceiving a much more extensive set of American spatial and cultural revisionings.
Andrew Theokas
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780853235392
- eISBN:
- 9781846314643
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/UPO9781846314643
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
Garden Festivals are more than temporary horticultural expositions. Complex and phased, these projects have additional significance as planning stratagems, reclamation projects, public art venues, ...
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Garden Festivals are more than temporary horticultural expositions. Complex and phased, these projects have additional significance as planning stratagems, reclamation projects, public art venues, and precursors of new urban parks. Their scope extends well beyond that implied by the term ‘garden festival’. Typically exceeding 50 hectares, they stimulate development and steer site design through a unique merger of domestic garden culture with a large-scale urban project. A general discussion of the origins, formative elements, and chronology of the generic event followed by cross-cultural reviews and analyses of numerous recent festivals and their site legacies form the core of this comprehensive book on the subject. Recent installations have been responsive to the ascendance of open space as a critical planning element while forthcoming events now develop in the midst of a trend towards the holistic initiatives of urban landscape planning, giving them a renewed relevance for urban design. The author has explored over fifteen festival sites and documents this study using government reports, interview transcripts, thematic maps, master plans, and other primary source material.Less
Garden Festivals are more than temporary horticultural expositions. Complex and phased, these projects have additional significance as planning stratagems, reclamation projects, public art venues, and precursors of new urban parks. Their scope extends well beyond that implied by the term ‘garden festival’. Typically exceeding 50 hectares, they stimulate development and steer site design through a unique merger of domestic garden culture with a large-scale urban project. A general discussion of the origins, formative elements, and chronology of the generic event followed by cross-cultural reviews and analyses of numerous recent festivals and their site legacies form the core of this comprehensive book on the subject. Recent installations have been responsive to the ascendance of open space as a critical planning element while forthcoming events now develop in the midst of a trend towards the holistic initiatives of urban landscape planning, giving them a renewed relevance for urban design. The author has explored over fifteen festival sites and documents this study using government reports, interview transcripts, thematic maps, master plans, and other primary source material.
Thomas Elmqvist
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- December 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199563562
- eISBN:
- 9780191774713
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199563562.003.0023
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology
This section focuses on ecosystems, ecosystem services, and social systems in urban landscapes. It consists of five chapters that explore the complexity of urban social-ecological systems and the ...
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This section focuses on ecosystems, ecosystem services, and social systems in urban landscapes. It consists of five chapters that explore the complexity of urban social-ecological systems and the relationship between humans and ecosystems. In addition, the chapters consider ecosystem services from a global perspective and ask whether urbanisation is good or bad for the environment; argue that cities are connected social, cultural, and ecological systems; and emphasise the need for a holistic approach to governance and management. The section explains how the ecosystem approach can be used as a strategy for the integrated management of land, water, and living resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use in an equitable way. It also highlights the close cultural connection between urban settlements and wetland systems and argues that the ecosystem approach is also ideal for improved management and governance of constructed wetlands. Finally, it considers ecosystem services in the context of urban planning.Less
This section focuses on ecosystems, ecosystem services, and social systems in urban landscapes. It consists of five chapters that explore the complexity of urban social-ecological systems and the relationship between humans and ecosystems. In addition, the chapters consider ecosystem services from a global perspective and ask whether urbanisation is good or bad for the environment; argue that cities are connected social, cultural, and ecological systems; and emphasise the need for a holistic approach to governance and management. The section explains how the ecosystem approach can be used as a strategy for the integrated management of land, water, and living resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use in an equitable way. It also highlights the close cultural connection between urban settlements and wetland systems and argues that the ecosystem approach is also ideal for improved management and governance of constructed wetlands. Finally, it considers ecosystem services in the context of urban planning.
Caroline Knowles and Douglas Harper
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- February 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226448565
- eISBN:
- 9780226448589
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226448589.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
In 1997 the United Kingdom returned control of Hong Kong to China, ending the city's status as one of the last remnants of the British Empire and initiating a new phase for it as both a modern city ...
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In 1997 the United Kingdom returned control of Hong Kong to China, ending the city's status as one of the last remnants of the British Empire and initiating a new phase for it as both a modern city and a hub for global migrations. This book is a tour of the city's postcolonial urban landscape, innovatively told through fieldwork and photography. This book's point of entry into Hong Kong is the unusual position of the British expatriates who chose to remain in the city after the transition. Now a relatively insignificant presence, British migrants in Hong Kong have become intimately connected with another small minority group there: immigrants from Southeast Asia. The lives, journeys, and stories of these two groups bring to life a place where the past continues to resonate for all its residents, even as the city hurtles forward into a future marked by transience and transition. By blending ethnographic and visual approaches, this book offers a fascinating guide to a city that is at once unique in its recent history and exemplary of our globalized present.Less
In 1997 the United Kingdom returned control of Hong Kong to China, ending the city's status as one of the last remnants of the British Empire and initiating a new phase for it as both a modern city and a hub for global migrations. This book is a tour of the city's postcolonial urban landscape, innovatively told through fieldwork and photography. This book's point of entry into Hong Kong is the unusual position of the British expatriates who chose to remain in the city after the transition. Now a relatively insignificant presence, British migrants in Hong Kong have become intimately connected with another small minority group there: immigrants from Southeast Asia. The lives, journeys, and stories of these two groups bring to life a place where the past continues to resonate for all its residents, even as the city hurtles forward into a future marked by transience and transition. By blending ethnographic and visual approaches, this book offers a fascinating guide to a city that is at once unique in its recent history and exemplary of our globalized present.
Kathleen Semple Delaney
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199661572
- eISBN:
- 9780191810176
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199661572.003.0011
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology
Urbanization causes habitat fragmentation, leaving only small patches of land suitable for wildlife. In particular, many terrestrial species, including birds, may find it difficult to cross urban ...
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Urbanization causes habitat fragmentation, leaving only small patches of land suitable for wildlife. In particular, many terrestrial species, including birds, may find it difficult to cross urban structures and roads between habitat fragments. If these structures or roads act as barriers to dispersal, then decreased movement across the landscape can have potentially adverse effects. This chapter reviews studies on the consequences of decreased movement: an increase in genetic divergence between isolated populations and a decrease in genetic diversity within isolated populations. It shows that even mobile species such as birds can be genetically affected by urban sprawl and other anthropogenic habitat disturbances. In general, the studies that found significant and strong genetic structure focused on birds that had the most sedentary habits, such as the wrentit and great tit. But even where strong genetic effects of anthropogenic habitat fragmentation were not found, the most sedentary species were often most affected by urbanization. In addition to dispersal ability, the strength of genetic structuring was also associated with the type of intervening landscape. The studies showing the strongest effects not only had birds with decreased dispersal ability but the most intensive type of urbanization (i.e. cities and freeways).Less
Urbanization causes habitat fragmentation, leaving only small patches of land suitable for wildlife. In particular, many terrestrial species, including birds, may find it difficult to cross urban structures and roads between habitat fragments. If these structures or roads act as barriers to dispersal, then decreased movement across the landscape can have potentially adverse effects. This chapter reviews studies on the consequences of decreased movement: an increase in genetic divergence between isolated populations and a decrease in genetic diversity within isolated populations. It shows that even mobile species such as birds can be genetically affected by urban sprawl and other anthropogenic habitat disturbances. In general, the studies that found significant and strong genetic structure focused on birds that had the most sedentary habits, such as the wrentit and great tit. But even where strong genetic effects of anthropogenic habitat fragmentation were not found, the most sedentary species were often most affected by urbanization. In addition to dispersal ability, the strength of genetic structuring was also associated with the type of intervening landscape. The studies showing the strongest effects not only had birds with decreased dispersal ability but the most intensive type of urbanization (i.e. cities and freeways).
