G. Geltner
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199639458
- eISBN:
- 9780191741098
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199639458.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
The mendicant orders—Augustinians, Carmelites, Dominicans, Franciscans, and several other groups—spread across Europe apace from the early thirteenth century, profoundly influencing numerous aspects ...
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The mendicant orders—Augustinians, Carmelites, Dominicans, Franciscans, and several other groups—spread across Europe apace from the early thirteenth century, profoundly influencing numerous aspects of medieval life. But, alongside their tremendous success, their members (or friars) also encountered derision, scorn, and even violence. Such opposition, generally known as antifraternalism, is often seen as an ecclesiastical inhouse affair or an ideological response to the brethren’s laxity: both cases registering a moral decline symptomatic of a decadent church. Challenging the accuracy of these views, The Making of Medieval Antifraternalism contends that the phenomenon exhibits a breadth of scope that, on the one hand, pushes it far beyond its accustomed boundaries and, on the other, supports only tenuous links with Reformation or modern forms of anticlericalism. Based on numerous sources, from theological treatises, to poetry, to criminal court records, this study shows that people from all walks of life lambasted and occasionally assaulted the brethren, orchestrating in the process detailed scenes of urban violence. Their myriad motivations and diverse goals preclude us from associating antifraternalism with any one ideology or agenda, let alone allow us to brand many of its proponents as religious reformers. At the same time, it demonstrates the friars’ active role in forging a medieval antifraternal tradition, not only by deviating from their founders’ paths to varying degrees, but also by chronicling their suffering inter fideles and thus incorporating it into the orders’ identity as the vanguard of Christianity. In doing so, The Making of Medieval Antifraternalism illuminates a major chapter in Europe’s social, urban, and religious history.Less
The mendicant orders—Augustinians, Carmelites, Dominicans, Franciscans, and several other groups—spread across Europe apace from the early thirteenth century, profoundly influencing numerous aspects of medieval life. But, alongside their tremendous success, their members (or friars) also encountered derision, scorn, and even violence. Such opposition, generally known as antifraternalism, is often seen as an ecclesiastical inhouse affair or an ideological response to the brethren’s laxity: both cases registering a moral decline symptomatic of a decadent church. Challenging the accuracy of these views, The Making of Medieval Antifraternalism contends that the phenomenon exhibits a breadth of scope that, on the one hand, pushes it far beyond its accustomed boundaries and, on the other, supports only tenuous links with Reformation or modern forms of anticlericalism. Based on numerous sources, from theological treatises, to poetry, to criminal court records, this study shows that people from all walks of life lambasted and occasionally assaulted the brethren, orchestrating in the process detailed scenes of urban violence. Their myriad motivations and diverse goals preclude us from associating antifraternalism with any one ideology or agenda, let alone allow us to brand many of its proponents as religious reformers. At the same time, it demonstrates the friars’ active role in forging a medieval antifraternal tradition, not only by deviating from their founders’ paths to varying degrees, but also by chronicling their suffering inter fideles and thus incorporating it into the orders’ identity as the vanguard of Christianity. In doing so, The Making of Medieval Antifraternalism illuminates a major chapter in Europe’s social, urban, and religious history.
Rosemary Sweet
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198206699
- eISBN:
- 9780191677281
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206699.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This book focuses on urban histories that were published during the eighteenth century. The greatest proportion of histories was written in the latter part of this period and contains some of the ...
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This book focuses on urban histories that were published during the eighteenth century. The greatest proportion of histories was written in the latter part of this period and contains some of the most interesting materials which provide valuable insights into the nature of eighteenth-century English culture and society. The earliest histories came from large towns. They had their own historical traditions, civic records, and a sense of identity which could be given expression in the printed form. They were the first to acquire their own presses and had a sufficiently large population to generate a demand for a history. Antiquarianism was a powerful force in generating an interest in a town's past and its influence is suggested in the distribution of published histories. This book also describes the exponential rise in urban historiography and discusses the factors behind this expansion. The rest of the study considers the actual content of urban histories and the motives for writing and reading them.Less
This book focuses on urban histories that were published during the eighteenth century. The greatest proportion of histories was written in the latter part of this period and contains some of the most interesting materials which provide valuable insights into the nature of eighteenth-century English culture and society. The earliest histories came from large towns. They had their own historical traditions, civic records, and a sense of identity which could be given expression in the printed form. They were the first to acquire their own presses and had a sufficiently large population to generate a demand for a history. Antiquarianism was a powerful force in generating an interest in a town's past and its influence is suggested in the distribution of published histories. This book also describes the exponential rise in urban historiography and discusses the factors behind this expansion. The rest of the study considers the actual content of urban histories and the motives for writing and reading them.
Rosemary Sweet
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198206699
- eISBN:
- 9780191677281
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206699.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This chapter describes the correlation between urban histories and tourism. It attempts to explain the potentially confusing relationship between local histories, traveller's guides, topographical ...
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This chapter describes the correlation between urban histories and tourism. It attempts to explain the potentially confusing relationship between local histories, traveller's guides, topographical literature, and antiquarian tours. In the eighteenth century, there was a dramatic improvement in the conditions of travel. The increasing ease and convenience of travel and the development of domestic tourism resulted in the demand for visitors' guides and travel journals. The popularity of antiquarian pursuits rendered historical information as an essential part of the guide book, and the historical awareness which was encouraged shaped travellers' perceptions of the places which they visited. The publication and content of urban histories was stimulated by and responded to the needs of the growing number of domestic and foreign travellers.Less
This chapter describes the correlation between urban histories and tourism. It attempts to explain the potentially confusing relationship between local histories, traveller's guides, topographical literature, and antiquarian tours. In the eighteenth century, there was a dramatic improvement in the conditions of travel. The increasing ease and convenience of travel and the development of domestic tourism resulted in the demand for visitors' guides and travel journals. The popularity of antiquarian pursuits rendered historical information as an essential part of the guide book, and the historical awareness which was encouraged shaped travellers' perceptions of the places which they visited. The publication and content of urban histories was stimulated by and responded to the needs of the growing number of domestic and foreign travellers.
Rosemary Sweet
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198206699
- eISBN:
- 9780191677281
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206699.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This chapter discusses the issues of civic identity, urban consciousness, and urban culture. It demonstrates how customs, rituals, traditions, and combinations of local circumstances and historical ...
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This chapter discusses the issues of civic identity, urban consciousness, and urban culture. It demonstrates how customs, rituals, traditions, and combinations of local circumstances and historical precedents generated a sense of urban identity which could find expression in urban histories in many towns. Urban histories were based upon the conception of the town as a unitary body and the assumption that there was a kind of civic ideal with which all the inhabitants could identify and a common culture to which they belonged. This chapter also suggests that in urban histories, there is strong proof of a provincial urban identity which could co-exist with an increasing sense of national identity and the development of a middle-class consciousness.Less
This chapter discusses the issues of civic identity, urban consciousness, and urban culture. It demonstrates how customs, rituals, traditions, and combinations of local circumstances and historical precedents generated a sense of urban identity which could find expression in urban histories in many towns. Urban histories were based upon the conception of the town as a unitary body and the assumption that there was a kind of civic ideal with which all the inhabitants could identify and a common culture to which they belonged. This chapter also suggests that in urban histories, there is strong proof of a provincial urban identity which could co-exist with an increasing sense of national identity and the development of a middle-class consciousness.
Rosemary Sweet
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198206699
- eISBN:
- 9780191677281
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206699.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This chapter examines urban histories in the context of historiographical developments and in relation to the changing intellectual issues facing historians. It investigates how and when the local ...
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This chapter examines urban histories in the context of historiographical developments and in relation to the changing intellectual issues facing historians. It investigates how and when the local historians adopted the ‘conjectural’ or ‘philosophical’ history of the Scottish Enlightenment. It considers why historians turned to these explanations and arguments, and the ways in which they used and incorporated them. This chapter also examines some of the social and political issues raised in the histories, and shows how the language of philosophical history and the problems which it addressed are compatible with the urban view of the past.Less
This chapter examines urban histories in the context of historiographical developments and in relation to the changing intellectual issues facing historians. It investigates how and when the local historians adopted the ‘conjectural’ or ‘philosophical’ history of the Scottish Enlightenment. It considers why historians turned to these explanations and arguments, and the ways in which they used and incorporated them. This chapter also examines some of the social and political issues raised in the histories, and shows how the language of philosophical history and the problems which it addressed are compatible with the urban view of the past.
Rosemary Sweet
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198206699
- eISBN:
- 9780191677281
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206699.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
Over the eighteenth century, the scope for discussion in local politics broadened, primarily as a result of growth and improvement. The need to cater for rising populations and the higher ...
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Over the eighteenth century, the scope for discussion in local politics broadened, primarily as a result of growth and improvement. The need to cater for rising populations and the higher expectations which people had of the civilized urban environment opened up new areas for debate, criticism, and conflict. Local history had a political dimension since the records which it preserved could be used to validate political claims and uphold legal judgments. This chapter discusses the political potential of urban histories and how they can be used to relate the experiences of the individual town to the political dilemmas confronting the nation at large.Less
Over the eighteenth century, the scope for discussion in local politics broadened, primarily as a result of growth and improvement. The need to cater for rising populations and the higher expectations which people had of the civilized urban environment opened up new areas for debate, criticism, and conflict. Local history had a political dimension since the records which it preserved could be used to validate political claims and uphold legal judgments. This chapter discusses the political potential of urban histories and how they can be used to relate the experiences of the individual town to the political dilemmas confronting the nation at large.
Rosemary Sweet
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198206699
- eISBN:
- 9780191677281
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206699.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This chapter demonstrates how urban history developed from the need to preserve records and traditions, and how they help maintain an individual town's sense of identity. It discusses the importance ...
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This chapter demonstrates how urban history developed from the need to preserve records and traditions, and how they help maintain an individual town's sense of identity. It discusses the importance of topographical surveys and chronicling traditions and their contributions to the writing of urban history in the eighteenth century. It also examines the literary lineage of urban history and the tradition of compiling annals and recording lists, which took the form of year-by-year chronicles, lists of civic officials, and ‘remarkable occurrences’. These records are accompanied by a brief commentary of events which were crucial to the existence of the town. Such noteworthy events ranged from the granting of a charter or charitable bequests to meteorological disasters or the levying of taxation. These lists and chronicles provided the starting point for almost all urban histories.Less
This chapter demonstrates how urban history developed from the need to preserve records and traditions, and how they help maintain an individual town's sense of identity. It discusses the importance of topographical surveys and chronicling traditions and their contributions to the writing of urban history in the eighteenth century. It also examines the literary lineage of urban history and the tradition of compiling annals and recording lists, which took the form of year-by-year chronicles, lists of civic officials, and ‘remarkable occurrences’. These records are accompanied by a brief commentary of events which were crucial to the existence of the town. Such noteworthy events ranged from the granting of a charter or charitable bequests to meteorological disasters or the levying of taxation. These lists and chronicles provided the starting point for almost all urban histories.
Rosemary Sweet
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198206699
- eISBN:
- 9780191677281
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206699.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This book examines a hitherto neglected genre of literature, and provides an analysis of both eighteenth-century urban culture and local historical scholarship. It challenges the conventional view ...
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This book examines a hitherto neglected genre of literature, and provides an analysis of both eighteenth-century urban culture and local historical scholarship. It challenges the conventional view that by the eighteenth century antiquarian studies had stagnated and lost their vigour. On the contrary, positive advances were made in the field of local history and medieval scholarship. This book shows how a sense of the past was crucial not only in instilling civic pride and shaping a sense of community, but also in informing contests for power and influence in the local community. Urban histories were not merely part of a homogenizing polite culture, emanating out of London: they owe far more to local traditions, particularly those fostered by urban chronicles. They are proof of the continued strength of civic feeling and provincial loyalties in this period. With its comprehensive survey of the work of local historians, this study adds significantly to our knowledge of urban improvement and the ethos of local history, and will also provide an important insight into the nature of civil society in eighteenth-century England.Less
This book examines a hitherto neglected genre of literature, and provides an analysis of both eighteenth-century urban culture and local historical scholarship. It challenges the conventional view that by the eighteenth century antiquarian studies had stagnated and lost their vigour. On the contrary, positive advances were made in the field of local history and medieval scholarship. This book shows how a sense of the past was crucial not only in instilling civic pride and shaping a sense of community, but also in informing contests for power and influence in the local community. Urban histories were not merely part of a homogenizing polite culture, emanating out of London: they owe far more to local traditions, particularly those fostered by urban chronicles. They are proof of the continued strength of civic feeling and provincial loyalties in this period. With its comprehensive survey of the work of local historians, this study adds significantly to our knowledge of urban improvement and the ethos of local history, and will also provide an important insight into the nature of civil society in eighteenth-century England.
Andrew L. Slap and Frank Towers
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780226300177
- eISBN:
- 9780226300344
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226300344.003.0013
- Subject:
- History, American History: Civil War
The introduction places this volume in the broader arc of Civil War and southern historiography. It considers some of the ways that southern cities mattered in the history of secession, the ...
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The introduction places this volume in the broader arc of Civil War and southern historiography. It considers some of the ways that southern cities mattered in the history of secession, the Confederacy, and Reconstruction while analysing how the public and prior generations of historians have described the relationship between southern cities and the Civil War. It also explores the relationship between southern history and the New Urban History in shaping the study of the urban South during the Civil War era. The introduction argues that new interpretations about the relationship between slavery and modernity have helped to show the importance of Confederate cities and reinvigorate the study of the nineteenth-century urban South.Less
The introduction places this volume in the broader arc of Civil War and southern historiography. It considers some of the ways that southern cities mattered in the history of secession, the Confederacy, and Reconstruction while analysing how the public and prior generations of historians have described the relationship between southern cities and the Civil War. It also explores the relationship between southern history and the New Urban History in shaping the study of the urban South during the Civil War era. The introduction argues that new interpretations about the relationship between slavery and modernity have helped to show the importance of Confederate cities and reinvigorate the study of the nineteenth-century urban South.
Rosemary Sweet
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198206699
- eISBN:
- 9780191677281
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206699.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
The writing of urban history flourished in the eighteenth century and its value comes from the insights which it offers into the diversity and distinctiveness of the urban society for which it was ...
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The writing of urban history flourished in the eighteenth century and its value comes from the insights which it offers into the diversity and distinctiveness of the urban society for which it was written. This book emphasizes that urban histories are an inherent part of the urban culture which existed prior to and alongside the universalizing influences of the eighteenth century and reveals the interpenetration of both national and local concerns and culture. It also considers more general trends in the writing and appreciation of history and points to the continued strength of antiquarian studies amongst intellectual circles. The study of urban histories is in itself a corrective to the appreciation of the development of eighteenth-century historiography and provides an insight into the way in which history was perceived, used, and read in circles outside the literary and intellectual élite.Less
The writing of urban history flourished in the eighteenth century and its value comes from the insights which it offers into the diversity and distinctiveness of the urban society for which it was written. This book emphasizes that urban histories are an inherent part of the urban culture which existed prior to and alongside the universalizing influences of the eighteenth century and reveals the interpenetration of both national and local concerns and culture. It also considers more general trends in the writing and appreciation of history and points to the continued strength of antiquarian studies amongst intellectual circles. The study of urban histories is in itself a corrective to the appreciation of the development of eighteenth-century historiography and provides an insight into the way in which history was perceived, used, and read in circles outside the literary and intellectual élite.
Robert Tittler
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198207184
- eISBN:
- 9780191677540
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207184.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This chapter provides a background on English towns during the Reformation. The object of this book's study is to see if the period at hand ...
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This chapter provides a background on English towns during the Reformation. The object of this book's study is to see if the period at hand could be appropriately labeled for urban history. It proposes what might be called ‘The Age of the Reformation in English Urban History’, starting around 1540 and embracing two salient themes in the background. The first theme involves a sequence of events and responses set into motion by the sudden availability of a great amount of urban property brought about by the Henrician and Edwardian Dissolutions. The second and closely related broad theme embraces elements of a social, ideological, and cultural nature.Less
This chapter provides a background on English towns during the Reformation. The object of this book's study is to see if the period at hand could be appropriately labeled for urban history. It proposes what might be called ‘The Age of the Reformation in English Urban History’, starting around 1540 and embracing two salient themes in the background. The first theme involves a sequence of events and responses set into motion by the sudden availability of a great amount of urban property brought about by the Henrician and Edwardian Dissolutions. The second and closely related broad theme embraces elements of a social, ideological, and cultural nature.
Amy M. Froide
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199270606
- eISBN:
- 9780191710216
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199270606.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This introductory chapter asks and answers the question: why study singlewomen from the past? The aim of this book, it states, is to reintroduce marital status as a category of difference, and look ...
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This introductory chapter asks and answers the question: why study singlewomen from the past? The aim of this book, it states, is to reintroduce marital status as a category of difference, and look at the women from the early modern period about whom the least is known — single or never-married, women. By decentring marriage as the norm in social, economic, and cultural terms, and looking at the topic of marriage in terms of economic, urban, and family history, the book hopes to redefine our current understanding of people's lives in the past. The chapters in the book are outlined.Less
This introductory chapter asks and answers the question: why study singlewomen from the past? The aim of this book, it states, is to reintroduce marital status as a category of difference, and look at the women from the early modern period about whom the least is known — single or never-married, women. By decentring marriage as the norm in social, economic, and cultural terms, and looking at the topic of marriage in terms of economic, urban, and family history, the book hopes to redefine our current understanding of people's lives in the past. The chapters in the book are outlined.
Amy M. Froide
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199270606
- eISBN:
- 9780191710216
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199270606.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This chapter examines the work of women who did not have husbands and did not participate in the household economy of the early modern era. Investigating primarily urban women from labouring, craft, ...
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This chapter examines the work of women who did not have husbands and did not participate in the household economy of the early modern era. Investigating primarily urban women from labouring, craft, trade, and mercantile families, it explores the range of work performed by singlewomen. It also examines the obstacles faced by never-married women in towns that did not grant such women the status of independent mistresses, and the women who overcame the odds to break into shopkeeping and the new luxury trades emerging in the late 17th and 18th centuries.Less
This chapter examines the work of women who did not have husbands and did not participate in the household economy of the early modern era. Investigating primarily urban women from labouring, craft, trade, and mercantile families, it explores the range of work performed by singlewomen. It also examines the obstacles faced by never-married women in towns that did not grant such women the status of independent mistresses, and the women who overcame the odds to break into shopkeeping and the new luxury trades emerging in the late 17th and 18th centuries.
John Beckett
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719029509
- eISBN:
- 9781781700679
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719029509.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, Historiography
This chapter observes that localities can be studied through various disciplines that are related to local history including family history, urban history and landscape history. These are some of the ...
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This chapter observes that localities can be studied through various disciplines that are related to local history including family history, urban history and landscape history. These are some of the major disciplines that have come out from under the umbrella. Specialisms such as folklore, related to plough plays and similar community information, could be included in it. Specialist subjects also spin off from local history such as railway and canal history. Consequently, what was once labeled as local history is now a rather different concept. Since it seems as if almost every subject now has its dedicated followers, with their own societies, newsletters and journals, local history is an amalgam of a great many disciplines and specialities working together to uncover the past. Since it involves both professionals and amateurs, dedicated scholars and enthusiasts, it is something of a motley bunch, but collectively they are all contributing to the greater understanding of past local societies.Less
This chapter observes that localities can be studied through various disciplines that are related to local history including family history, urban history and landscape history. These are some of the major disciplines that have come out from under the umbrella. Specialisms such as folklore, related to plough plays and similar community information, could be included in it. Specialist subjects also spin off from local history such as railway and canal history. Consequently, what was once labeled as local history is now a rather different concept. Since it seems as if almost every subject now has its dedicated followers, with their own societies, newsletters and journals, local history is an amalgam of a great many disciplines and specialities working together to uncover the past. Since it involves both professionals and amateurs, dedicated scholars and enthusiasts, it is something of a motley bunch, but collectively they are all contributing to the greater understanding of past local societies.
Robert Tittler
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198207184
- eISBN:
- 9780191677540
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207184.003.0015
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This chapter argues that the Reformation marks a distinct watershed in English urban history, and views the urban scene as dynamic rather than static. ...
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This chapter argues that the Reformation marks a distinct watershed in English urban history, and views the urban scene as dynamic rather than static. The complex events of the Henrician and Edwardian phases of the Reformation had a profound effect on the circumstances and the cultural context of the local government of the towns. The demise of the traditional urban political culture threatened the political stability of the community and necessitated the fashioning of an alternative political culture. Adding to these factors the intensified pressure of rapid economic and social change and the Crown's strategy of delegating authority to local officials, led to the tendency towards oligarchic rule. The chapter concludes that the ‘English Urban Renaissance’ of the late seventeenth and eighteenth century also had urban roots, grounded in political necessity, and older than the Civil War.Less
This chapter argues that the Reformation marks a distinct watershed in English urban history, and views the urban scene as dynamic rather than static. The complex events of the Henrician and Edwardian phases of the Reformation had a profound effect on the circumstances and the cultural context of the local government of the towns. The demise of the traditional urban political culture threatened the political stability of the community and necessitated the fashioning of an alternative political culture. Adding to these factors the intensified pressure of rapid economic and social change and the Crown's strategy of delegating authority to local officials, led to the tendency towards oligarchic rule. The chapter concludes that the ‘English Urban Renaissance’ of the late seventeenth and eighteenth century also had urban roots, grounded in political necessity, and older than the Civil War.
Alice Johnson
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781789620313
- eISBN:
- 9781789629910
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781789620313.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This book reconstructs the social world of upper middle-class Belfast during the time of the city’s greatest growth, between the 1830s and the 1880s. Using extensive primary material including ...
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This book reconstructs the social world of upper middle-class Belfast during the time of the city’s greatest growth, between the 1830s and the 1880s. Using extensive primary material including personal correspondence, memoirs, diaries and newspapers, the author draws a rich portrait of Belfast society and explores both the public and inner lives of Victorian bourgeois families. Leading business families like the Corrys and the Workmans, alongside their professional counterparts, dominated Victorian Belfast’s civic affairs, taking pride in their locale and investing their time and money in improving it. This social group displayed a strong work ethic, a business-oriented attitude and religious commitment, and its female members led active lives in the domains of family, church and philanthropy. While the Belfast bourgeoisie had parallels with other British urban elites, they inhabited a unique place and time: ‘Linenopolis’ was the only industrial city in Ireland, a city that was neither fully Irish nor fully British, and at the very time that its industry boomed, an unusually violent form of sectarianism emerged. Middle-Class Life in Victorian Belfast provides a fresh examination of familiar themes such as civic activism, working lives, philanthropy, associational culture, evangelicalism, recreation, marriage and family life, and represents a substantial and important contribution to Irish social history.Less
This book reconstructs the social world of upper middle-class Belfast during the time of the city’s greatest growth, between the 1830s and the 1880s. Using extensive primary material including personal correspondence, memoirs, diaries and newspapers, the author draws a rich portrait of Belfast society and explores both the public and inner lives of Victorian bourgeois families. Leading business families like the Corrys and the Workmans, alongside their professional counterparts, dominated Victorian Belfast’s civic affairs, taking pride in their locale and investing their time and money in improving it. This social group displayed a strong work ethic, a business-oriented attitude and religious commitment, and its female members led active lives in the domains of family, church and philanthropy. While the Belfast bourgeoisie had parallels with other British urban elites, they inhabited a unique place and time: ‘Linenopolis’ was the only industrial city in Ireland, a city that was neither fully Irish nor fully British, and at the very time that its industry boomed, an unusually violent form of sectarianism emerged. Middle-Class Life in Victorian Belfast provides a fresh examination of familiar themes such as civic activism, working lives, philanthropy, associational culture, evangelicalism, recreation, marriage and family life, and represents a substantial and important contribution to Irish social history.
Allen Jones
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823231027
- eISBN:
- 9780823240821
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823231027.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Social History
This is the story of Allen Jones and his odyssey from the streets of the Bronx to a life as a professional athlete and banker in Europe, but it is also provides a unique vantage point on the history ...
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This is the story of Allen Jones and his odyssey from the streets of the Bronx to a life as a professional athlete and banker in Europe, but it is also provides a unique vantage point on the history of the Bronx and sheds new light on a neglected period in American urban history. The author grew up in a public housing project in the South Bronx at a time — the 1950s — when that neighborhood was a place of optimism and hope for upwardly mobile Black and Latino families. Brought up in a two-parent household, with many neighborhood mentors, he led an almost charmed life as a budding basketball star until his teen years, when his once peaceful neighborhood was torn by job losses, white flight, and a crippling drug epidemic. Drawn into the heroin trade, first as a user, then as a dealer, he spent four months on Rikers Island, where he experienced a crisis of conscience and a determination to turn his life around. Sent to a New England prep school upon his release, he used his basketball skills and street smarts to forge a life outside the Bronx, first as a college athlete in the South, then as a professional basketball player, radio personality, and banker in Europe. This book brings Bronx streets and housing projects to life as places of possibility as well as tragedy, where racism and economic hardship never completely suppressed the resilient spirit of its residents.Less
This is the story of Allen Jones and his odyssey from the streets of the Bronx to a life as a professional athlete and banker in Europe, but it is also provides a unique vantage point on the history of the Bronx and sheds new light on a neglected period in American urban history. The author grew up in a public housing project in the South Bronx at a time — the 1950s — when that neighborhood was a place of optimism and hope for upwardly mobile Black and Latino families. Brought up in a two-parent household, with many neighborhood mentors, he led an almost charmed life as a budding basketball star until his teen years, when his once peaceful neighborhood was torn by job losses, white flight, and a crippling drug epidemic. Drawn into the heroin trade, first as a user, then as a dealer, he spent four months on Rikers Island, where he experienced a crisis of conscience and a determination to turn his life around. Sent to a New England prep school upon his release, he used his basketball skills and street smarts to forge a life outside the Bronx, first as a college athlete in the South, then as a professional basketball player, radio personality, and banker in Europe. This book brings Bronx streets and housing projects to life as places of possibility as well as tragedy, where racism and economic hardship never completely suppressed the resilient spirit of its residents.
Etienne S. Benson
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780226706153
- eISBN:
- 9780226706320
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226706320.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Environmental History
This chapter describes the adoption of the concept of environment by urban reformers in the United States between the 1890s and the 1920s. It shows how Jane Addams and other leaders of the settlement ...
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This chapter describes the adoption of the concept of environment by urban reformers in the United States between the 1890s and the 1920s. It shows how Jane Addams and other leaders of the settlement movement drew on the work of theorists of environment such as Auguste Comte and Herbert Spencer and on new ideas about biological evolution to develop their own framework for social reform during the heyday of the Progressive movement. The chapter focuses on Addams’s Hull House, a settlement house in Chicago that sought to improve the environments of working-class immigrants. It shows how Addams and her colleagues used the method of the social survey to make manifest the links between the social organism and its environment. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the emergence of the Chicago School of Sociology, which borrowed some of the settlement movement’s methods but rejected its pragmatic combination of reform and research. Chicago School sociologists such as Robert Park, the chapter argues, retained environment as a critical concept but redefined it so as to separate their research on the social environment both from political concerns and from research on the built and natural environments.Less
This chapter describes the adoption of the concept of environment by urban reformers in the United States between the 1890s and the 1920s. It shows how Jane Addams and other leaders of the settlement movement drew on the work of theorists of environment such as Auguste Comte and Herbert Spencer and on new ideas about biological evolution to develop their own framework for social reform during the heyday of the Progressive movement. The chapter focuses on Addams’s Hull House, a settlement house in Chicago that sought to improve the environments of working-class immigrants. It shows how Addams and her colleagues used the method of the social survey to make manifest the links between the social organism and its environment. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the emergence of the Chicago School of Sociology, which borrowed some of the settlement movement’s methods but rejected its pragmatic combination of reform and research. Chicago School sociologists such as Robert Park, the chapter argues, retained environment as a critical concept but redefined it so as to separate their research on the social environment both from political concerns and from research on the built and natural environments.
Sasha D. Pack
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781503606678
- eISBN:
- 9781503607538
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9781503606678.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
This chapter explores the urbanization of the Strait of Gibraltar region, particularly the coastal hubs of Tangier and greater Gibraltar. It draws on the impressions of a growing number of tourists ...
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This chapter explores the urbanization of the Strait of Gibraltar region, particularly the coastal hubs of Tangier and greater Gibraltar. It draws on the impressions of a growing number of tourists and travelers to depict the rapid changes on both shores of the Strait, which became a magnet for temporary and permanent migrants of diverse social and ethno-religious categories. This cosmopolitan modernism was most on display in leisure settings like the Tangier beach, though it also fueled an underworld of fugitives, bandits, and revolutionaries.Less
This chapter explores the urbanization of the Strait of Gibraltar region, particularly the coastal hubs of Tangier and greater Gibraltar. It draws on the impressions of a growing number of tourists and travelers to depict the rapid changes on both shores of the Strait, which became a magnet for temporary and permanent migrants of diverse social and ethno-religious categories. This cosmopolitan modernism was most on display in leisure settings like the Tangier beach, though it also fueled an underworld of fugitives, bandits, and revolutionaries.
Matthew Stavros
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824838799
- eISBN:
- 9780824869502
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824838799.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
Kyoto: An Urban History of Japan’s Premodern Capital explores Kyoto’s urban landscape across eight centuries, beginning with the city’s foundation in 794 and concluding at the dawn of the early ...
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Kyoto: An Urban History of Japan’s Premodern Capital explores Kyoto’s urban landscape across eight centuries, beginning with the city’s foundation in 794 and concluding at the dawn of the early modern era in about 1600. Richly illustrated with original maps and diagrams, this panoramic examination of space and architecture narrates a history of Japan’s premodern capital in a way useful to students and scholars of institutional history, material culture, art history, religion, and urban planning. Japan specialists are introduced to new ways of thinking about old historical problems while readers interested more broadly in the architecture and urban planning of East Asia benefit from a novel approach that synthesizes textual, pictorial, and archeological sources.Less
Kyoto: An Urban History of Japan’s Premodern Capital explores Kyoto’s urban landscape across eight centuries, beginning with the city’s foundation in 794 and concluding at the dawn of the early modern era in about 1600. Richly illustrated with original maps and diagrams, this panoramic examination of space and architecture narrates a history of Japan’s premodern capital in a way useful to students and scholars of institutional history, material culture, art history, religion, and urban planning. Japan specialists are introduced to new ways of thinking about old historical problems while readers interested more broadly in the architecture and urban planning of East Asia benefit from a novel approach that synthesizes textual, pictorial, and archeological sources.
