Yannis M. Ioannides
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691126852
- eISBN:
- 9781400845385
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691126852.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Just as we learn from, influence, and are influenced by others, our social interactions drive economic growth in cities, regions, and nations—determining where households live, how children learn, ...
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Just as we learn from, influence, and are influenced by others, our social interactions drive economic growth in cities, regions, and nations—determining where households live, how children learn, and what cities and firms produce. This book synthesizes the recent economics of social interactions for anyone seeking to understand the contributions of this important area. Integrating theory and empirics, the book explores theoretical and empirical tools that economists use to investigate social interactions, and shows how a familiarity with these tools is essential for interpreting findings. It makes work in the economics of social interactions accessible to other social scientists, including sociologists, political scientists, and urban planning and policy researchers. Focusing on individual and household location decisions in the presence of interactions, the book shows how research on cities and neighborhoods can explain community composition and spatial form, as well as changes in productivity, industrial specialization, urban expansion, and national growth. It examines how researchers address the challenge of separating personal, social, and cultural forces from economic ones. It provides a toolkit for the next generation of inquiry, and argues that quantifying the impact of social interactions in specific contexts is essential for grasping their scope and use in informing policy. Revealing how empirical work on social interactions enriches our understanding of cities as engines of innovation and economic growth, the book carries ramifications throughout the social sciences and beyond.Less
Just as we learn from, influence, and are influenced by others, our social interactions drive economic growth in cities, regions, and nations—determining where households live, how children learn, and what cities and firms produce. This book synthesizes the recent economics of social interactions for anyone seeking to understand the contributions of this important area. Integrating theory and empirics, the book explores theoretical and empirical tools that economists use to investigate social interactions, and shows how a familiarity with these tools is essential for interpreting findings. It makes work in the economics of social interactions accessible to other social scientists, including sociologists, political scientists, and urban planning and policy researchers. Focusing on individual and household location decisions in the presence of interactions, the book shows how research on cities and neighborhoods can explain community composition and spatial form, as well as changes in productivity, industrial specialization, urban expansion, and national growth. It examines how researchers address the challenge of separating personal, social, and cultural forces from economic ones. It provides a toolkit for the next generation of inquiry, and argues that quantifying the impact of social interactions in specific contexts is essential for grasping their scope and use in informing policy. Revealing how empirical work on social interactions enriches our understanding of cities as engines of innovation and economic growth, the book carries ramifications throughout the social sciences and beyond.
Jennifer R. Olson and Thomas C. Grubb
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198569992
- eISBN:
- 9780191717802
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198569992.003.0019
- Subject:
- Biology, Ornithology
Many North American parids have ranges that expose them to temperate winter seasons. Chickadees and titmice possess several physiological and behavioural adaptations that allow them to manage the ...
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Many North American parids have ranges that expose them to temperate winter seasons. Chickadees and titmice possess several physiological and behavioural adaptations that allow them to manage the reduced food supply and high thermoregulatory demands of this environment. Yet, increased habitat fragmentation posed by agricultural and urban expansion also presents a further stress to these populations. This chapter reviews research on physiological adaptations to reduced temperatures, and then addresses how microclimate change induced by habitat fragmentation can affect the response potential of over-wintering birds. These evolved responses have been investigated in chickadees and tufted titmice in isolated woodlots in agricultural landscapes, where fragmentation and patch size greatly alter the microclimate to which species are exposed.Less
Many North American parids have ranges that expose them to temperate winter seasons. Chickadees and titmice possess several physiological and behavioural adaptations that allow them to manage the reduced food supply and high thermoregulatory demands of this environment. Yet, increased habitat fragmentation posed by agricultural and urban expansion also presents a further stress to these populations. This chapter reviews research on physiological adaptations to reduced temperatures, and then addresses how microclimate change induced by habitat fragmentation can affect the response potential of over-wintering birds. These evolved responses have been investigated in chickadees and tufted titmice in isolated woodlots in agricultural landscapes, where fragmentation and patch size greatly alter the microclimate to which species are exposed.
J. Morgan Grove, Mary Cadenasso, Steward Pickett, and Gary Machlis
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780300101133
- eISBN:
- 9780300217865
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300101133.001.0001
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Nature
The first “urban century” in history has arrived: a majority of the world's population now resides in cities and their surrounding suburbs. Urban expansion marches on, and the planning and design of ...
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The first “urban century” in history has arrived: a majority of the world's population now resides in cities and their surrounding suburbs. Urban expansion marches on, and the planning and design of future cities requires attention to such diverse issues as human migration, public health, economic restructuring, water supply, climate and sea-level change, and much more. This book draws on two decades of pioneering social and ecological studies in Baltimore to propose a new way to think about cities and their social, political, and ecological complexity that will apply in many different parts of the world. The aim is to give fresh perspectives on how to study, build, and manage cities in innovative and sustainable ways.Less
The first “urban century” in history has arrived: a majority of the world's population now resides in cities and their surrounding suburbs. Urban expansion marches on, and the planning and design of future cities requires attention to such diverse issues as human migration, public health, economic restructuring, water supply, climate and sea-level change, and much more. This book draws on two decades of pioneering social and ecological studies in Baltimore to propose a new way to think about cities and their social, political, and ecological complexity that will apply in many different parts of the world. The aim is to give fresh perspectives on how to study, build, and manage cities in innovative and sustainable ways.
Mary Vincent
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198206132
- eISBN:
- 9780191676987
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206132.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History, History of Religion
From the turn of the 20th century, it was apparent that Spain's national demographic structure was changing. The year 1900 ushered in a period of spectacular urban expansion. By 1930, for instance, ...
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From the turn of the 20th century, it was apparent that Spain's national demographic structure was changing. The year 1900 ushered in a period of spectacular urban expansion. By 1930, for instance, the city of Salamanca—situated north-west of Madrid towards the Portuguese border had a population of 46,867 and had nearly doubled in size since the turn of the century. As the cities and towns expanded, so the rural population shrank. The province of Salamanca, today part of the region of Castilla-Leon, belongs to exactly this heartland of traditional Spain. The city of Salamanca, with its layers of government and administration, its university, the small metallurgy industry, and considerable construction works, provided a sharp contrast to the province's other municipal communities. Like many episcopal sees, the city of Salamanca was dominated by ecclesiastical buildings.Less
From the turn of the 20th century, it was apparent that Spain's national demographic structure was changing. The year 1900 ushered in a period of spectacular urban expansion. By 1930, for instance, the city of Salamanca—situated north-west of Madrid towards the Portuguese border had a population of 46,867 and had nearly doubled in size since the turn of the century. As the cities and towns expanded, so the rural population shrank. The province of Salamanca, today part of the region of Castilla-Leon, belongs to exactly this heartland of traditional Spain. The city of Salamanca, with its layers of government and administration, its university, the small metallurgy industry, and considerable construction works, provided a sharp contrast to the province's other municipal communities. Like many episcopal sees, the city of Salamanca was dominated by ecclesiastical buildings.
Franck Mermier
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9789774165290
- eISBN:
- 9781617971334
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774165290.003.0006
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
Before it became the capital of a unified Yemen (in 1990), Sana'a was the political and economic hub of the high plateau. Located at the crossroads of seven tribal territories, the city is situated ...
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Before it became the capital of a unified Yemen (in 1990), Sana'a was the political and economic hub of the high plateau. Located at the crossroads of seven tribal territories, the city is situated at the center of a regional network of weekly markets. Before the 1960s, its market included about forty specialized suqs. Today, many specialized suqs have disappeared while the number of actual shops has reached two thousand. The market continues to be an important centre for the commercialization of agricultural products and the production of certain crafts. This chapter discusses the pivotal role played by the suqs in the relationship between the city and the countryside, as well as the issue of the market's centrality in the context of Sanaa's actual urban expansion.Less
Before it became the capital of a unified Yemen (in 1990), Sana'a was the political and economic hub of the high plateau. Located at the crossroads of seven tribal territories, the city is situated at the center of a regional network of weekly markets. Before the 1960s, its market included about forty specialized suqs. Today, many specialized suqs have disappeared while the number of actual shops has reached two thousand. The market continues to be an important centre for the commercialization of agricultural products and the production of certain crafts. This chapter discusses the pivotal role played by the suqs in the relationship between the city and the countryside, as well as the issue of the market's centrality in the context of Sanaa's actual urban expansion.
Lila Caimari
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780520289437
- eISBN:
- 9780520964105
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520289437.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
This introductory chapter begins with the author's account of the origins of the present volume, which can be traced back to her interest in a late nineteenth-century set of concepts, images, and ...
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This introductory chapter begins with the author's account of the origins of the present volume, which can be traced back to her interest in a late nineteenth-century set of concepts, images, and metaphors that grew up around the figure of the modern criminal. It then discusses the population growth in Buenos Aires, which jumped from about 1.5 to 2.5 million in the two decades between the world wars and the corresponding urban expansion. This sets the stage for a description of the book's purpose, namely to explore the many dimensions of porteño life in the early decades of the twentieth century: its vital network of neighborhood associations, its literacy campaigns, its grassroots politics, its many reformist projects, and so forth.Less
This introductory chapter begins with the author's account of the origins of the present volume, which can be traced back to her interest in a late nineteenth-century set of concepts, images, and metaphors that grew up around the figure of the modern criminal. It then discusses the population growth in Buenos Aires, which jumped from about 1.5 to 2.5 million in the two decades between the world wars and the corresponding urban expansion. This sets the stage for a description of the book's purpose, namely to explore the many dimensions of porteño life in the early decades of the twentieth century: its vital network of neighborhood associations, its literacy campaigns, its grassroots politics, its many reformist projects, and so forth.
Kyle T. Bulthuis
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781479814275
- eISBN:
- 9781479894178
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479814275.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This introductory chapter outlines the specific points of study to be undergone in further detail in the latter parts of this book, which can be more broadly termed as the urban impact within church ...
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This introductory chapter outlines the specific points of study to be undergone in further detail in the latter parts of this book, which can be more broadly termed as the urban impact within church histories and congregations. Urban expansion influenced religious experience, and these variables can help determine how the city's churches responded to these changes: how their respective religious traditions shaped the way they reacted to the city, and how changes in the city affected the way they perceived and received religion in these years. The study of congregations reveals dynamics that larger and more general studies might miss. Moreover, church histories provide the institutional development of the church. These factors and more will be examined in further detail against the bustling, commercial backdrop of New York—an urban metropolis that, despite the growth of its churches, maintains a secular reputation.Less
This introductory chapter outlines the specific points of study to be undergone in further detail in the latter parts of this book, which can be more broadly termed as the urban impact within church histories and congregations. Urban expansion influenced religious experience, and these variables can help determine how the city's churches responded to these changes: how their respective religious traditions shaped the way they reacted to the city, and how changes in the city affected the way they perceived and received religion in these years. The study of congregations reveals dynamics that larger and more general studies might miss. Moreover, church histories provide the institutional development of the church. These factors and more will be examined in further detail against the bustling, commercial backdrop of New York—an urban metropolis that, despite the growth of its churches, maintains a secular reputation.
P. A. Buckley
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781501719615
- eISBN:
- 9781501719622
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501719615.003.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Ornithology
The precontact geology, surface hydrology, and forests of the Northwest Bronx are placed in the context of landuse by Lenni-Lenape Indians. In the colonial era the expansion of a nascent New York ...
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The precontact geology, surface hydrology, and forests of the Northwest Bronx are placed in the context of landuse by Lenni-Lenape Indians. In the colonial era the expansion of a nascent New York City reached the study area, with extensive forest loss during the Revolution. In the 1800s came railroad trackbeds, arterial roads, and the first residential construction. Van Cortlandt Park was gazetted in 1888, but its 2 golf courses removed large natural areas. The early 20th century brought loss of Kingsbridge Meadows and its unique saltmarsh habitat, offset by construction of 2 reservoirs. Parkways in the 1930s, 40s, and 50s concluded the major environmental insults to the study area. These changes are illustrated by 21 historical maps and images, and set the stage for description of the study area and its 7 subareas.Less
The precontact geology, surface hydrology, and forests of the Northwest Bronx are placed in the context of landuse by Lenni-Lenape Indians. In the colonial era the expansion of a nascent New York City reached the study area, with extensive forest loss during the Revolution. In the 1800s came railroad trackbeds, arterial roads, and the first residential construction. Van Cortlandt Park was gazetted in 1888, but its 2 golf courses removed large natural areas. The early 20th century brought loss of Kingsbridge Meadows and its unique saltmarsh habitat, offset by construction of 2 reservoirs. Parkways in the 1930s, 40s, and 50s concluded the major environmental insults to the study area. These changes are illustrated by 21 historical maps and images, and set the stage for description of the study area and its 7 subareas.
