Samuel Randalls
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199557431
- eISBN:
- 9780191721687
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199557431.003.0010
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Political Economy, Finance, Accounting, and Banking
Financial risks relating to the environment are frequently concentrated in cities, both in the source of risks and in the management of those risks. Urban areas are prone to a number of environmental ...
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Financial risks relating to the environment are frequently concentrated in cities, both in the source of risks and in the management of those risks. Urban areas are prone to a number of environmental concerns including brownfield biodiversity, flooding, and potential relations to climate change, and the effects of ‘everyday’ environmental changes, for example the weather, on productivity. Managing these risks will frequently be found in the city too through mainstream financial institutions like banks and insurers that seek both physical and financial protection for themselves and their clients from the worst environmental effects. One clear example is decision-making about the Thames Barrier in London, which aims to protect the financial heartland of the UK from severe flooding. At the same time, in nearby offices, a wide range of new products are being created to manage these urban environmental risks, including diverse catastrophe bonds, weather derivatives, and global warming indexes. This chapter explores the range of financial risks emerging from environmental changes and the ways in which these are being managed. This brings together both an appreciation of the nature of these risks as well as a financial focus on environmental risks. Relatively little has been written in geography on these products and this chapter provides an overview that is both introductory, but also based on contemporary research on these issues that addresses much deeper questions. If environmental risks are to be successfully managed, then it is clear that there will need to be an appreciation of the raft of financial responses, both current and potential, that will be introduced by companies to achieve this.Less
Financial risks relating to the environment are frequently concentrated in cities, both in the source of risks and in the management of those risks. Urban areas are prone to a number of environmental concerns including brownfield biodiversity, flooding, and potential relations to climate change, and the effects of ‘everyday’ environmental changes, for example the weather, on productivity. Managing these risks will frequently be found in the city too through mainstream financial institutions like banks and insurers that seek both physical and financial protection for themselves and their clients from the worst environmental effects. One clear example is decision-making about the Thames Barrier in London, which aims to protect the financial heartland of the UK from severe flooding. At the same time, in nearby offices, a wide range of new products are being created to manage these urban environmental risks, including diverse catastrophe bonds, weather derivatives, and global warming indexes. This chapter explores the range of financial risks emerging from environmental changes and the ways in which these are being managed. This brings together both an appreciation of the nature of these risks as well as a financial focus on environmental risks. Relatively little has been written in geography on these products and this chapter provides an overview that is both introductory, but also based on contemporary research on these issues that addresses much deeper questions. If environmental risks are to be successfully managed, then it is clear that there will need to be an appreciation of the raft of financial responses, both current and potential, that will be introduced by companies to achieve this.
Jonathan P. J. Stock
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197262733
- eISBN:
- 9780191734502
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197262733.003.0006
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
This chapter argues that ethnomusicology is unevenly theorized. Despite the amount of research now carried out on large-scale, mass-mediated, transnational, and professional traditions, ...
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This chapter argues that ethnomusicology is unevenly theorized. Despite the amount of research now carried out on large-scale, mass-mediated, transnational, and professional traditions, theoretical-methodological literature has tended to emphasize models more appropriate to the research of small-scale traditions and those in which the researcher can gain direct experience as one of the performance group. Reyes Schramm noted twenty years ago that the urban environment offers a challenge to existing conceptions of research. It is shown that this challenge still applies and, through a consideration of researching huju in Shanghai, to spell out some aspects of it more explicitly.Less
This chapter argues that ethnomusicology is unevenly theorized. Despite the amount of research now carried out on large-scale, mass-mediated, transnational, and professional traditions, theoretical-methodological literature has tended to emphasize models more appropriate to the research of small-scale traditions and those in which the researcher can gain direct experience as one of the performance group. Reyes Schramm noted twenty years ago that the urban environment offers a challenge to existing conceptions of research. It is shown that this challenge still applies and, through a consideration of researching huju in Shanghai, to spell out some aspects of it more explicitly.
S. C. Williams
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198207696
- eISBN:
- 9780191677786
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207696.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, History of Religion
This book challenges the domination of the institutional church as the overriding concern of 19th-century religious history by taking as its starting point the nature and expression of religious ...
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This book challenges the domination of the institutional church as the overriding concern of 19th-century religious history by taking as its starting point the nature and expression of religious ideas outside the immediate sphere of the church within the wider arena of popular culture. It considers in detail how these beliefs formed part of a richly textured language of personal, familial, and popular identity in the day-to-day lives of the inhabitants of the London Borough of Southwark between c.1880 and the outbreak of the Second World War. The study highlights the persistence of patterns dismissed as alien to the industrial and urban environment. The interaction of folk idioms with institutional religious language and practice is also considered and urban popular religion is identified as a distinctive system of belief in its own right. This study also pioneers a methodology for exploring belief and interpreting it as a popular cultural phenomenon. A wide range of source materials are drawn on including oral history. Centrality is given to understanding the ways in which individuals expressed and communicated their religious ideas.Less
This book challenges the domination of the institutional church as the overriding concern of 19th-century religious history by taking as its starting point the nature and expression of religious ideas outside the immediate sphere of the church within the wider arena of popular culture. It considers in detail how these beliefs formed part of a richly textured language of personal, familial, and popular identity in the day-to-day lives of the inhabitants of the London Borough of Southwark between c.1880 and the outbreak of the Second World War. The study highlights the persistence of patterns dismissed as alien to the industrial and urban environment. The interaction of folk idioms with institutional religious language and practice is also considered and urban popular religion is identified as a distinctive system of belief in its own right. This study also pioneers a methodology for exploring belief and interpreting it as a popular cultural phenomenon. A wide range of source materials are drawn on including oral history. Centrality is given to understanding the ways in which individuals expressed and communicated their religious ideas.
Curtis J. Evans
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195328189
- eISBN:
- 9780199870028
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195328189.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter examines the content of and responses to Marc Connelly's long‐running Broadway drama, Green Pastures. The chapter examines why the play was so popular and how this most popular image of ...
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This chapter examines the content of and responses to Marc Connelly's long‐running Broadway drama, Green Pastures. The chapter examines why the play was so popular and how this most popular image of black religion in the white mind from 1930 to 1935 evoked a host of debates about the representation of blacks and the state of religion in modern America. It argues that whites used the play, for the most part, to mediate their own spiritual experiences and to imaginatively reexperience the religion that many of them had lost in their move from a rural to a modern and urban environment. Black leaders, however, were conflicted about the play, worried that it portrayed blacks as outcasts in a modern world and as incurably and innately religious. Green Pastures once again provoked debates about the nature and meaning of black religion to American culture.Less
This chapter examines the content of and responses to Marc Connelly's long‐running Broadway drama, Green Pastures. The chapter examines why the play was so popular and how this most popular image of black religion in the white mind from 1930 to 1935 evoked a host of debates about the representation of blacks and the state of religion in modern America. It argues that whites used the play, for the most part, to mediate their own spiritual experiences and to imaginatively reexperience the religion that many of them had lost in their move from a rural to a modern and urban environment. Black leaders, however, were conflicted about the play, worried that it portrayed blacks as outcasts in a modern world and as incurably and innately religious. Green Pastures once again provoked debates about the nature and meaning of black religion to American culture.
Benjamin L. Carp
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195304022
- eISBN:
- 9780199788606
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195304022.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This book begins by describing the eighteenth‐century American city and its cultural landscape. The introduction discusses the social, economic, political, cultural, and military importance of the ...
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This book begins by describing the eighteenth‐century American city and its cultural landscape. The introduction discusses the social, economic, political, cultural, and military importance of the cities in the British Empire. A brief synopsis recounts the history of the cities from the turbulent 1740s through the Seven Years' War and the imperial crisis, and summarizes the content of the book's chapters. The introduction explains why political mobilization is a useful concept for understanding the imperial crisis and the origins of the American Revolution. Americans who sought to overturn the policies of Parliament (and later sought to overthrow the British government) faced a number of challenges: the pluralistic urban environment and the potential for civic impasse; social unrest; Loyalist countermobilization; and communication with the rural hinterlands.Less
This book begins by describing the eighteenth‐century American city and its cultural landscape. The introduction discusses the social, economic, political, cultural, and military importance of the cities in the British Empire. A brief synopsis recounts the history of the cities from the turbulent 1740s through the Seven Years' War and the imperial crisis, and summarizes the content of the book's chapters. The introduction explains why political mobilization is a useful concept for understanding the imperial crisis and the origins of the American Revolution. Americans who sought to overturn the policies of Parliament (and later sought to overthrow the British government) faced a number of challenges: the pluralistic urban environment and the potential for civic impasse; social unrest; Loyalist countermobilization; and communication with the rural hinterlands.
Melvin Delgado
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195125467
- eISBN:
- 9780199864188
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195125467.003.0003
- Subject:
- Social Work, Communities and Organizations
This chapter presents a brief review of several theoretical schools of thought that have direct applicability to community capacity-enhancement practice in an urban environment. Topics discussed ...
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This chapter presents a brief review of several theoretical schools of thought that have direct applicability to community capacity-enhancement practice in an urban environment. Topics discussed include community capacity enhancement, the foundation for community capacity enhancement, and the essential characteristics of a community capacity-enhancement model.Less
This chapter presents a brief review of several theoretical schools of thought that have direct applicability to community capacity-enhancement practice in an urban environment. Topics discussed include community capacity enhancement, the foundation for community capacity enhancement, and the essential characteristics of a community capacity-enhancement model.
Melvin Delgado
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195125467
- eISBN:
- 9780199864188
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195125467.003.0004
- Subject:
- Social Work, Communities and Organizations
This chapter presents an overview of a framework for undertaking community capacity-enhancement interventions that are focused on murals, gardens, playgrounds, and sculptures that are built by the ...
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This chapter presents an overview of a framework for undertaking community capacity-enhancement interventions that are focused on murals, gardens, playgrounds, and sculptures that are built by the community. The framework consists of five phases that place equal emphasis on assessment, mapping, engagement, planning (includes implementation), and evaluation. The chapter discusses these different phases, how they interrelate, and grounds them within an ecological perspective toward practice.Less
This chapter presents an overview of a framework for undertaking community capacity-enhancement interventions that are focused on murals, gardens, playgrounds, and sculptures that are built by the community. The framework consists of five phases that place equal emphasis on assessment, mapping, engagement, planning (includes implementation), and evaluation. The chapter discusses these different phases, how they interrelate, and grounds them within an ecological perspective toward practice.
James Tweedie and Yomi Braester
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622099845
- eISBN:
- 9789882206731
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622099845.003.0001
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
This book is about city films, a genre of sorts that involves a reconsideration of both urban environment and cinema. It proposes several redefinitions of the terms “cinema” and the “city” while ...
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This book is about city films, a genre of sorts that involves a reconsideration of both urban environment and cinema. It proposes several redefinitions of the terms “cinema” and the “city” while focusing on the relationship between the media and the increasingly urbanized life throughout East Asia. It traces the developments in the urban cinema of East Asia and is concerned with not only film per se, but also with experimental documentaries, avant-garde videos, anime, and other emerging media or genres.Less
This book is about city films, a genre of sorts that involves a reconsideration of both urban environment and cinema. It proposes several redefinitions of the terms “cinema” and the “city” while focusing on the relationship between the media and the increasingly urbanized life throughout East Asia. It traces the developments in the urban cinema of East Asia and is concerned with not only film per se, but also with experimental documentaries, avant-garde videos, anime, and other emerging media or genres.
Clare Herrick
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847426383
- eISBN:
- 9781447302445
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847426383.003.0005
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This chapter explores the rapidly expanding canon of work examining the ‘obesogenic’ nature of urban environments and the ways in which this epistemology crosscuts efforts to create an incidentally ...
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This chapter explores the rapidly expanding canon of work examining the ‘obesogenic’ nature of urban environments and the ways in which this epistemology crosscuts efforts to create an incidentally sensible city. It examines the conflicting body of evidence concerning the causal relationships between the environmental determinants of health, body mass index (BMI), physical activity and nutrition. It questions the consistencies, limitations and generalisability of such studies when transferred across into the pragmatic realm of obesity prevention policies and interventions. It is hardly surprising that health is now a measure of the ‘good city’. The recent trend of ranking cities based on a host of factors such as liveability by publications such as Business Week and Human Resources company, Mercer, now extends to their citizens' relative fitness or fatness.Less
This chapter explores the rapidly expanding canon of work examining the ‘obesogenic’ nature of urban environments and the ways in which this epistemology crosscuts efforts to create an incidentally sensible city. It examines the conflicting body of evidence concerning the causal relationships between the environmental determinants of health, body mass index (BMI), physical activity and nutrition. It questions the consistencies, limitations and generalisability of such studies when transferred across into the pragmatic realm of obesity prevention policies and interventions. It is hardly surprising that health is now a measure of the ‘good city’. The recent trend of ranking cities based on a host of factors such as liveability by publications such as Business Week and Human Resources company, Mercer, now extends to their citizens' relative fitness or fatness.
Glenn R. Guntenspergen
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- December 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199563562
- eISBN:
- 9780191774713
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199563562.003.0009
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology
This section focuses on the adaptability of species to the abiotic conditions and built structures in urban environments, and how they are affected by human subsidies. It consists of five chapters ...
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This section focuses on the adaptability of species to the abiotic conditions and built structures in urban environments, and how they are affected by human subsidies. It consists of five chapters that explore unique habitat types and offers insights into patterns of plant and animal biodiversity in urban environments. Using wetland habitats and a worldwide comparative approach as a framework, they assess the impacts of urbanisation on the composition and diversity of plant communities, how urbanisation alters the fundamental controls affecting vegetation structure, habitat transformation, habitat fragmentation, the biodiversity of urban wildlife populations and human influences on their abundance and structure, how common species in different cities have adapted to urban ecosystems, and human-wildlife conflicts.Less
This section focuses on the adaptability of species to the abiotic conditions and built structures in urban environments, and how they are affected by human subsidies. It consists of five chapters that explore unique habitat types and offers insights into patterns of plant and animal biodiversity in urban environments. Using wetland habitats and a worldwide comparative approach as a framework, they assess the impacts of urbanisation on the composition and diversity of plant communities, how urbanisation alters the fundamental controls affecting vegetation structure, habitat transformation, habitat fragmentation, the biodiversity of urban wildlife populations and human influences on their abundance and structure, how common species in different cities have adapted to urban ecosystems, and human-wildlife conflicts.
Jana Evans Braziel
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781496812742
- eISBN:
- 9781496812780
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781496812742.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Culture
On the southern end of the Grand Rue, a major thoroughfare that runs through the center of Port-au-Prince, waits the Haitian capital's automobile repair district. This junkyard of steel and rubber, ...
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On the southern end of the Grand Rue, a major thoroughfare that runs through the center of Port-au-Prince, waits the Haitian capital's automobile repair district. This junkyard of steel and rubber, recycled parts, old tires, and scrap metal might seem an unlikely foundry for art. Yet, on the street's opposite end thrives the Grand Rue Galerie, a working studio of assembled art and sculptures wrought from the refuse. Established by artists André Eugène and Jean Hérard Celeur in the late 1990s, the Grand Rue's urban environmental aesthetics radically challenge ideas about consumption, waste, and environmental hazards, as well as consider innovative solutions to these problems in the midst of poverty, insufficient social welfare, and lack of access to arts, education, and basic needs. This book explores the urban environmental aesthetics of the Grand Rue sculptors and the beautifully constructed sculptures they have designed from salvaged parts and materials. The book constructs an urban ecological framework for understanding these sculptures amid environmental degradation and grinding poverty. The book regards the underdeveloped cities of the global South as alternate spaces for challenging the profit-driven machinations of global capitalism. Above all, the book presents Haitian artists who live on the most challenged Caribbean island, yet who thrive as creators reinventing refuse as art and resisting the abjection of their circumstances.Less
On the southern end of the Grand Rue, a major thoroughfare that runs through the center of Port-au-Prince, waits the Haitian capital's automobile repair district. This junkyard of steel and rubber, recycled parts, old tires, and scrap metal might seem an unlikely foundry for art. Yet, on the street's opposite end thrives the Grand Rue Galerie, a working studio of assembled art and sculptures wrought from the refuse. Established by artists André Eugène and Jean Hérard Celeur in the late 1990s, the Grand Rue's urban environmental aesthetics radically challenge ideas about consumption, waste, and environmental hazards, as well as consider innovative solutions to these problems in the midst of poverty, insufficient social welfare, and lack of access to arts, education, and basic needs. This book explores the urban environmental aesthetics of the Grand Rue sculptors and the beautifully constructed sculptures they have designed from salvaged parts and materials. The book constructs an urban ecological framework for understanding these sculptures amid environmental degradation and grinding poverty. The book regards the underdeveloped cities of the global South as alternate spaces for challenging the profit-driven machinations of global capitalism. Above all, the book presents Haitian artists who live on the most challenged Caribbean island, yet who thrive as creators reinventing refuse as art and resisting the abjection of their circumstances.
Robert Gottlieb and Simon Ng
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780262035910
- eISBN:
- 9780262338868
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262035910.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
During the past four decades Los Angeles and Hong Kong have come to play a critical role in the flow of goods, people, and capital; in the changes in production and consumption; and in the urban ...
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During the past four decades Los Angeles and Hong Kong have come to play a critical role in the flow of goods, people, and capital; in the changes in production and consumption; and in the urban environmental issues that have taken root as a result of the changes they have experienced. The book evaluates the issues associated with those changes, including how LA and Hong Kong have become connected to China and its key urban regions such as Shenzhen and Guangzhou in the Pearl River Delta. Los Angeles, Hong Kong, and several of China’s mega-cities have become global in their activities and reach through their financial, political and economic roles as well as the cultural, environmental, and demographic shifts that have taken place. The book documents the history and protracted nature of six urban environmental issues in Los Angeles, Hong Kong, and China. These include ports and freight traffic (or goods movement), air quality, water supply and water quality, the food environment, transportation, and open and public space. It identifies contrasting development patterns, important similarities, and comparative trends and strategies. The book further analyzes how urban environmental issues have risen to the top of the policy agendas in Los Angeles, Hong Kong, and China, where and how changes are being explored and where change is possible, and where and how such changes have been blocked or undermined.Less
During the past four decades Los Angeles and Hong Kong have come to play a critical role in the flow of goods, people, and capital; in the changes in production and consumption; and in the urban environmental issues that have taken root as a result of the changes they have experienced. The book evaluates the issues associated with those changes, including how LA and Hong Kong have become connected to China and its key urban regions such as Shenzhen and Guangzhou in the Pearl River Delta. Los Angeles, Hong Kong, and several of China’s mega-cities have become global in their activities and reach through their financial, political and economic roles as well as the cultural, environmental, and demographic shifts that have taken place. The book documents the history and protracted nature of six urban environmental issues in Los Angeles, Hong Kong, and China. These include ports and freight traffic (or goods movement), air quality, water supply and water quality, the food environment, transportation, and open and public space. It identifies contrasting development patterns, important similarities, and comparative trends and strategies. The book further analyzes how urban environmental issues have risen to the top of the policy agendas in Los Angeles, Hong Kong, and China, where and how changes are being explored and where change is possible, and where and how such changes have been blocked or undermined.
Jürgen H. Breuste, Thomas Elmqvist, Glenn Guntenspergen, Philip James, and Nancy E. McIntyre (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- December 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199563562
- eISBN:
- 9780191774713
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199563562.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology
This book deals with urbanisation which is a global phenomenon that is increasingly challenging human society and ecosystems. It is therefore crucially important to ensure that the expansion of ...
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This book deals with urbanisation which is a global phenomenon that is increasingly challenging human society and ecosystems. It is therefore crucially important to ensure that the expansion of cities and towns proceeds sustainably. Urban ecology, the interdisciplinary study of ecological patterns and processes in towns and cities, is a rapidly developing field that can provide a scientific basis for the informed decision-making and planning needed to create both viable and sustainable cities. This book discusses our current understanding of all aspects of urban environments, from the physical characteristics of cities to the ecology of the organisms that inhabit them and the diversity of ecosystem services and human social issues encountered within urban landscapes. The book is divided into five sections with the first describing the physical urban environment. Subsequent sections examine ecological patterns and processes within the urban setting, followed by the integration of ecology and biodiversity with social issues. The book concludes with a discussion of the applications of urban ecology and ecosystem services provided by urban biodiversity to land-use planning. The emphasis throughout is on what we actually know (as well as what we should know) about the complexities of social-ecological systems in urban areas, in order to develop urban ecology as a rigorous scientific discipline.Less
This book deals with urbanisation which is a global phenomenon that is increasingly challenging human society and ecosystems. It is therefore crucially important to ensure that the expansion of cities and towns proceeds sustainably. Urban ecology, the interdisciplinary study of ecological patterns and processes in towns and cities, is a rapidly developing field that can provide a scientific basis for the informed decision-making and planning needed to create both viable and sustainable cities. This book discusses our current understanding of all aspects of urban environments, from the physical characteristics of cities to the ecology of the organisms that inhabit them and the diversity of ecosystem services and human social issues encountered within urban landscapes. The book is divided into five sections with the first describing the physical urban environment. Subsequent sections examine ecological patterns and processes within the urban setting, followed by the integration of ecology and biodiversity with social issues. The book concludes with a discussion of the applications of urban ecology and ecosystem services provided by urban biodiversity to land-use planning. The emphasis throughout is on what we actually know (as well as what we should know) about the complexities of social-ecological systems in urban areas, in order to develop urban ecology as a rigorous scientific discipline.
Tony Harrison
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861341914
- eISBN:
- 9781447304265
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861341914.003.0010
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Research and Statistics
Of all the areas discussed, urban policy perhaps faces some of the most formidable problems in identifying what works. Nonetheless, this chapter shows that the rhetoric of evidence figures large in ...
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Of all the areas discussed, urban policy perhaps faces some of the most formidable problems in identifying what works. Nonetheless, this chapter shows that the rhetoric of evidence figures large in the justification of many of the schemes aimed at improving the urban environment. Evaluation of the success (or otherwise) of many such schemes has been attempted. The chapter concentrates on policy directed at the multifaceted problems of cities, in particular those concentrated in specific neighbourhoods where problems of housing, health, employment, and crime seem to reinforce each other and demand a multiagency approach. Naturally enough, methodological problems are legion – in particular, identifying suitable outcomes, identifying unwanted effects or displacements, and making causal attributions between any outcomes obtained and the activities undertaken. The response has been a growing body of case material, which provides rich individual accounts but few robust generalisations.Less
Of all the areas discussed, urban policy perhaps faces some of the most formidable problems in identifying what works. Nonetheless, this chapter shows that the rhetoric of evidence figures large in the justification of many of the schemes aimed at improving the urban environment. Evaluation of the success (or otherwise) of many such schemes has been attempted. The chapter concentrates on policy directed at the multifaceted problems of cities, in particular those concentrated in specific neighbourhoods where problems of housing, health, employment, and crime seem to reinforce each other and demand a multiagency approach. Naturally enough, methodological problems are legion – in particular, identifying suitable outcomes, identifying unwanted effects or displacements, and making causal attributions between any outcomes obtained and the activities undertaken. The response has been a growing body of case material, which provides rich individual accounts but few robust generalisations.
Andrew Hageman
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622090866
- eISBN:
- 9789882206724
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622090866.003.0005
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
This chapter focuses on Lou Ye's Suzhou River (2000). This film adds urban environmental content to the scope of ecocinema studies and offers a highly productive opportunity for theorizing the ...
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This chapter focuses on Lou Ye's Suzhou River (2000). This film adds urban environmental content to the scope of ecocinema studies and offers a highly productive opportunity for theorizing the ecocritical import of cinema form. This is especially true because Suzhou River diverges formally in a number of ways from other films directed by Lou Ye's Sixth Generation contemporaries. Unlike the appeal to stark realism, Lou Ye exploits the cinema aesthetic in Suzhou River to explore the ways people formally synthesize the fragmented experience of life in contemporary Shanghai into a coherent narrative in order to survive in this dynamic and often volatile urban environment.Less
This chapter focuses on Lou Ye's Suzhou River (2000). This film adds urban environmental content to the scope of ecocinema studies and offers a highly productive opportunity for theorizing the ecocritical import of cinema form. This is especially true because Suzhou River diverges formally in a number of ways from other films directed by Lou Ye's Sixth Generation contemporaries. Unlike the appeal to stark realism, Lou Ye exploits the cinema aesthetic in Suzhou River to explore the ways people formally synthesize the fragmented experience of life in contemporary Shanghai into a coherent narrative in order to survive in this dynamic and often volatile urban environment.
Danielle F. Shanahan, Michael W. Strohbach, Paige S. Warren, and Richard A. Fuller
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199661572
- eISBN:
- 9780191810176
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199661572.003.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology
This chapter first discusses the challenges posed by the urban environment for bird populations. These include habitat loss, habitat fragmentation, alteration of resource flows, pollution, and ...
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This chapter first discusses the challenges posed by the urban environment for bird populations. These include habitat loss, habitat fragmentation, alteration of resource flows, pollution, and species interactions. The chapter then turns to some of the ways in which urbanization filters bird communities. There are at least two approaches to tackling this question. First, one can measure how the species richness and abundance of birds changes in response to urbanization. Second, one can take a comparative approach to identify how urban-adapted species differ from those that are sensitive to urbanization. Finally, the chapter considers adaptive responses to urbanization and the impact of human behaviours for urban wildlife.Less
This chapter first discusses the challenges posed by the urban environment for bird populations. These include habitat loss, habitat fragmentation, alteration of resource flows, pollution, and species interactions. The chapter then turns to some of the ways in which urbanization filters bird communities. There are at least two approaches to tackling this question. First, one can measure how the species richness and abundance of birds changes in response to urbanization. Second, one can take a comparative approach to identify how urban-adapted species differ from those that are sensitive to urbanization. Finally, the chapter considers adaptive responses to urbanization and the impact of human behaviours for urban wildlife.
Denise Mitten, Lewis Ting On Cheung, Wanglin Yan, and Robert Withrow-Clark
Alex Russ and Marianne E. Krasny (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781501705823
- eISBN:
- 9781501712791
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501705823.003.0025
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Environmental Studies
This chapter examines the benefits of adventure education and of pairing adventure and environmental education in urban environments. By participating in outdoor activities, people learn about their ...
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This chapter examines the benefits of adventure education and of pairing adventure and environmental education in urban environments. By participating in outdoor activities, people learn about their surroundings and places they might not otherwise visit. These group experiences enhance social ties and may promote pro-environmental behaviors, which contribute to ecosystem health and human well-being as well as urban sustainability. Benefits of adventure education include positive relationships with self, other people, places, and the natural world. After explaining what adventure education is, the chapter considers adventure education in urban areas such as metropolitan Hong Kong, Minneapolis (Minnesota), and Japan. It shows that adventure education can be used by educators as a catalyst for urban environmental education.Less
This chapter examines the benefits of adventure education and of pairing adventure and environmental education in urban environments. By participating in outdoor activities, people learn about their surroundings and places they might not otherwise visit. These group experiences enhance social ties and may promote pro-environmental behaviors, which contribute to ecosystem health and human well-being as well as urban sustainability. Benefits of adventure education include positive relationships with self, other people, places, and the natural world. After explaining what adventure education is, the chapter considers adventure education in urban areas such as metropolitan Hong Kong, Minneapolis (Minnesota), and Japan. It shows that adventure education can be used by educators as a catalyst for urban environmental education.
Rebecca L. Franzen, Cynthia Thomashow, Mary Leou, and Nonyameko Zintle Songqwaru
Alex Russ and Marianne E. Krasny (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781501705823
- eISBN:
- 9781501712791
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501705823.003.0022
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Environmental Studies
This chapter describes a conceptual framework for professional development in urban environmental education. Urban environmental education includes the use of urban environments as a learning context ...
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This chapter describes a conceptual framework for professional development in urban environmental education. Urban environmental education includes the use of urban environments as a learning context that leads to collective action—that is, working with stakeholders within a community to establish a common agenda, learn about the forces that impact environmental conditions, and find venues to influence change from within the community. Learning about local resources through active participation and immersion in field experiences may help educators, as well as youths, see connections within their communities. The chapter outlines professional development strategies for environmental educators working with urban audiences and in urban settings, in both schools and nonformal programs. Six elements of a professional development model for urban environmental education are discussed: interdisciplinary and integrated content, context, pedagogy, resources, field experiences, and professional learning communities.Less
This chapter describes a conceptual framework for professional development in urban environmental education. Urban environmental education includes the use of urban environments as a learning context that leads to collective action—that is, working with stakeholders within a community to establish a common agenda, learn about the forces that impact environmental conditions, and find venues to influence change from within the community. Learning about local resources through active participation and immersion in field experiences may help educators, as well as youths, see connections within their communities. The chapter outlines professional development strategies for environmental educators working with urban audiences and in urban settings, in both schools and nonformal programs. Six elements of a professional development model for urban environmental education are discussed: interdisciplinary and integrated content, context, pedagogy, resources, field experiences, and professional learning communities.
Caroline M. Barron
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199257775
- eISBN:
- 9780191717758
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199257775.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
In the three hundred years covered by this study, the city of London, in partnership with its near neighbour the town of Westminster, developed as the economic, social, administrative, and political ...
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In the three hundred years covered by this study, the city of London, in partnership with its near neighbour the town of Westminster, developed as the economic, social, administrative, and political capital of the expanding English kingdom. This book charts the halting process whereby the Londoners struggled to forge viable systems of self-government under the ever-watchful eyes of the royal officials at Westminster. This book examines the symbiotic relationship between the Crown and the City, and charts the ways in which the Londoners created the wealth that made them so indispensable to the Crown. It was during these years that the Londoners developed the systems of self-government, welfare provision, and control of the urban environment which were to able to withstand the pressures of massive population expansion, endemic plague, and the extremes of poverty and wealth in the Tudor period. The remarkable survival of the city's own records makes it possible to trace, for the first time and in unexpected detail, the inner workings of civic politics and government over three hundred formative years.Less
In the three hundred years covered by this study, the city of London, in partnership with its near neighbour the town of Westminster, developed as the economic, social, administrative, and political capital of the expanding English kingdom. This book charts the halting process whereby the Londoners struggled to forge viable systems of self-government under the ever-watchful eyes of the royal officials at Westminster. This book examines the symbiotic relationship between the Crown and the City, and charts the ways in which the Londoners created the wealth that made them so indispensable to the Crown. It was during these years that the Londoners developed the systems of self-government, welfare provision, and control of the urban environment which were to able to withstand the pressures of massive population expansion, endemic plague, and the extremes of poverty and wealth in the Tudor period. The remarkable survival of the city's own records makes it possible to trace, for the first time and in unexpected detail, the inner workings of civic politics and government over three hundred formative years.
Victoria Derr, Louise Chawla, and Illène Pevec
Alex Russ and Marianne E. Krasny (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781501705823
- eISBN:
- 9781501712791
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501705823.003.0017
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Environmental Studies
This chapter examines successive schools of thought in early childhood education that have encouraged the exploration of urban environments by young children. These traditions have pursued similar ...
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This chapter examines successive schools of thought in early childhood education that have encouraged the exploration of urban environments by young children. These traditions have pursued similar aims, from creative self-expression and democratic decision making to collaborative learning among peers and multiple generations, communication skills, and a deepening of children's experiential, place-based education. The chapter explains how these aims can be achieved in cities through a variety of approaches such as participatory planning and design, mobile preschools, greening the grounds of schools and child care centers, gardening, and forest and nature schools in metropolitan areas. It looks at examples from both resourced and poorly resourced schools and child care centers in the Global North and South and shows that urban environmental education facilitates children's contact with and learning about urban nature and the built environment.Less
This chapter examines successive schools of thought in early childhood education that have encouraged the exploration of urban environments by young children. These traditions have pursued similar aims, from creative self-expression and democratic decision making to collaborative learning among peers and multiple generations, communication skills, and a deepening of children's experiential, place-based education. The chapter explains how these aims can be achieved in cities through a variety of approaches such as participatory planning and design, mobile preschools, greening the grounds of schools and child care centers, gardening, and forest and nature schools in metropolitan areas. It looks at examples from both resourced and poorly resourced schools and child care centers in the Global North and South and shows that urban environmental education facilitates children's contact with and learning about urban nature and the built environment.
