Caroline M. Barron
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199257775
- eISBN:
- 9780191717758
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199257775.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
In the three hundred years covered by this study, the city of London, in partnership with its near neighbour the town of Westminster, developed as the economic, social, administrative, and political ...
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In the three hundred years covered by this study, the city of London, in partnership with its near neighbour the town of Westminster, developed as the economic, social, administrative, and political capital of the expanding English kingdom. This book charts the halting process whereby the Londoners struggled to forge viable systems of self-government under the ever-watchful eyes of the royal officials at Westminster. This book examines the symbiotic relationship between the Crown and the City, and charts the ways in which the Londoners created the wealth that made them so indispensable to the Crown. It was during these years that the Londoners developed the systems of self-government, welfare provision, and control of the urban environment which were to able to withstand the pressures of massive population expansion, endemic plague, and the extremes of poverty and wealth in the Tudor period. The remarkable survival of the city's own records makes it possible to trace, for the first time and in unexpected detail, the inner workings of civic politics and government over three hundred formative years.Less
In the three hundred years covered by this study, the city of London, in partnership with its near neighbour the town of Westminster, developed as the economic, social, administrative, and political capital of the expanding English kingdom. This book charts the halting process whereby the Londoners struggled to forge viable systems of self-government under the ever-watchful eyes of the royal officials at Westminster. This book examines the symbiotic relationship between the Crown and the City, and charts the ways in which the Londoners created the wealth that made them so indispensable to the Crown. It was during these years that the Londoners developed the systems of self-government, welfare provision, and control of the urban environment which were to able to withstand the pressures of massive population expansion, endemic plague, and the extremes of poverty and wealth in the Tudor period. The remarkable survival of the city's own records makes it possible to trace, for the first time and in unexpected detail, the inner workings of civic politics and government over three hundred formative years.
Samuel Randalls
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199557431
- eISBN:
- 9780191721687
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199557431.003.0010
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Political Economy, Finance, Accounting, and Banking
Financial risks relating to the environment are frequently concentrated in cities, both in the source of risks and in the management of those risks. Urban areas are prone to a number of environmental ...
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Financial risks relating to the environment are frequently concentrated in cities, both in the source of risks and in the management of those risks. Urban areas are prone to a number of environmental concerns including brownfield biodiversity, flooding, and potential relations to climate change, and the effects of ‘everyday’ environmental changes, for example the weather, on productivity. Managing these risks will frequently be found in the city too through mainstream financial institutions like banks and insurers that seek both physical and financial protection for themselves and their clients from the worst environmental effects. One clear example is decision-making about the Thames Barrier in London, which aims to protect the financial heartland of the UK from severe flooding. At the same time, in nearby offices, a wide range of new products are being created to manage these urban environmental risks, including diverse catastrophe bonds, weather derivatives, and global warming indexes. This chapter explores the range of financial risks emerging from environmental changes and the ways in which these are being managed. This brings together both an appreciation of the nature of these risks as well as a financial focus on environmental risks. Relatively little has been written in geography on these products and this chapter provides an overview that is both introductory, but also based on contemporary research on these issues that addresses much deeper questions. If environmental risks are to be successfully managed, then it is clear that there will need to be an appreciation of the raft of financial responses, both current and potential, that will be introduced by companies to achieve this.Less
Financial risks relating to the environment are frequently concentrated in cities, both in the source of risks and in the management of those risks. Urban areas are prone to a number of environmental concerns including brownfield biodiversity, flooding, and potential relations to climate change, and the effects of ‘everyday’ environmental changes, for example the weather, on productivity. Managing these risks will frequently be found in the city too through mainstream financial institutions like banks and insurers that seek both physical and financial protection for themselves and their clients from the worst environmental effects. One clear example is decision-making about the Thames Barrier in London, which aims to protect the financial heartland of the UK from severe flooding. At the same time, in nearby offices, a wide range of new products are being created to manage these urban environmental risks, including diverse catastrophe bonds, weather derivatives, and global warming indexes. This chapter explores the range of financial risks emerging from environmental changes and the ways in which these are being managed. This brings together both an appreciation of the nature of these risks as well as a financial focus on environmental risks. Relatively little has been written in geography on these products and this chapter provides an overview that is both introductory, but also based on contemporary research on these issues that addresses much deeper questions. If environmental risks are to be successfully managed, then it is clear that there will need to be an appreciation of the raft of financial responses, both current and potential, that will be introduced by companies to achieve this.
Jonathan P. J. Stock
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197262733
- eISBN:
- 9780191734502
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197262733.003.0006
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
This chapter argues that ethnomusicology is unevenly theorized. Despite the amount of research now carried out on large-scale, mass-mediated, transnational, and professional traditions, ...
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This chapter argues that ethnomusicology is unevenly theorized. Despite the amount of research now carried out on large-scale, mass-mediated, transnational, and professional traditions, theoretical-methodological literature has tended to emphasize models more appropriate to the research of small-scale traditions and those in which the researcher can gain direct experience as one of the performance group. Reyes Schramm noted twenty years ago that the urban environment offers a challenge to existing conceptions of research. It is shown that this challenge still applies and, through a consideration of researching huju in Shanghai, to spell out some aspects of it more explicitly.Less
This chapter argues that ethnomusicology is unevenly theorized. Despite the amount of research now carried out on large-scale, mass-mediated, transnational, and professional traditions, theoretical-methodological literature has tended to emphasize models more appropriate to the research of small-scale traditions and those in which the researcher can gain direct experience as one of the performance group. Reyes Schramm noted twenty years ago that the urban environment offers a challenge to existing conceptions of research. It is shown that this challenge still applies and, through a consideration of researching huju in Shanghai, to spell out some aspects of it more explicitly.
S. C. Williams
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198207696
- eISBN:
- 9780191677786
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207696.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, History of Religion
This book challenges the domination of the institutional church as the overriding concern of 19th-century religious history by taking as its starting point the nature and expression of religious ...
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This book challenges the domination of the institutional church as the overriding concern of 19th-century religious history by taking as its starting point the nature and expression of religious ideas outside the immediate sphere of the church within the wider arena of popular culture. It considers in detail how these beliefs formed part of a richly textured language of personal, familial, and popular identity in the day-to-day lives of the inhabitants of the London Borough of Southwark between c.1880 and the outbreak of the Second World War. The study highlights the persistence of patterns dismissed as alien to the industrial and urban environment. The interaction of folk idioms with institutional religious language and practice is also considered and urban popular religion is identified as a distinctive system of belief in its own right. This study also pioneers a methodology for exploring belief and interpreting it as a popular cultural phenomenon. A wide range of source materials are drawn on including oral history. Centrality is given to understanding the ways in which individuals expressed and communicated their religious ideas.Less
This book challenges the domination of the institutional church as the overriding concern of 19th-century religious history by taking as its starting point the nature and expression of religious ideas outside the immediate sphere of the church within the wider arena of popular culture. It considers in detail how these beliefs formed part of a richly textured language of personal, familial, and popular identity in the day-to-day lives of the inhabitants of the London Borough of Southwark between c.1880 and the outbreak of the Second World War. The study highlights the persistence of patterns dismissed as alien to the industrial and urban environment. The interaction of folk idioms with institutional religious language and practice is also considered and urban popular religion is identified as a distinctive system of belief in its own right. This study also pioneers a methodology for exploring belief and interpreting it as a popular cultural phenomenon. A wide range of source materials are drawn on including oral history. Centrality is given to understanding the ways in which individuals expressed and communicated their religious ideas.
Curtis J. Evans
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195328189
- eISBN:
- 9780199870028
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195328189.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter examines the content of and responses to Marc Connelly's long‐running Broadway drama, Green Pastures. The chapter examines why the play was so popular and how this most popular image of ...
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This chapter examines the content of and responses to Marc Connelly's long‐running Broadway drama, Green Pastures. The chapter examines why the play was so popular and how this most popular image of black religion in the white mind from 1930 to 1935 evoked a host of debates about the representation of blacks and the state of religion in modern America. It argues that whites used the play, for the most part, to mediate their own spiritual experiences and to imaginatively reexperience the religion that many of them had lost in their move from a rural to a modern and urban environment. Black leaders, however, were conflicted about the play, worried that it portrayed blacks as outcasts in a modern world and as incurably and innately religious. Green Pastures once again provoked debates about the nature and meaning of black religion to American culture.Less
This chapter examines the content of and responses to Marc Connelly's long‐running Broadway drama, Green Pastures. The chapter examines why the play was so popular and how this most popular image of black religion in the white mind from 1930 to 1935 evoked a host of debates about the representation of blacks and the state of religion in modern America. It argues that whites used the play, for the most part, to mediate their own spiritual experiences and to imaginatively reexperience the religion that many of them had lost in their move from a rural to a modern and urban environment. Black leaders, however, were conflicted about the play, worried that it portrayed blacks as outcasts in a modern world and as incurably and innately religious. Green Pastures once again provoked debates about the nature and meaning of black religion to American culture.
Benjamin L. Carp
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195304022
- eISBN:
- 9780199788606
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195304022.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This book begins by describing the eighteenth‐century American city and its cultural landscape. The introduction discusses the social, economic, political, cultural, and military importance of the ...
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This book begins by describing the eighteenth‐century American city and its cultural landscape. The introduction discusses the social, economic, political, cultural, and military importance of the cities in the British Empire. A brief synopsis recounts the history of the cities from the turbulent 1740s through the Seven Years' War and the imperial crisis, and summarizes the content of the book's chapters. The introduction explains why political mobilization is a useful concept for understanding the imperial crisis and the origins of the American Revolution. Americans who sought to overturn the policies of Parliament (and later sought to overthrow the British government) faced a number of challenges: the pluralistic urban environment and the potential for civic impasse; social unrest; Loyalist countermobilization; and communication with the rural hinterlands.Less
This book begins by describing the eighteenth‐century American city and its cultural landscape. The introduction discusses the social, economic, political, cultural, and military importance of the cities in the British Empire. A brief synopsis recounts the history of the cities from the turbulent 1740s through the Seven Years' War and the imperial crisis, and summarizes the content of the book's chapters. The introduction explains why political mobilization is a useful concept for understanding the imperial crisis and the origins of the American Revolution. Americans who sought to overturn the policies of Parliament (and later sought to overthrow the British government) faced a number of challenges: the pluralistic urban environment and the potential for civic impasse; social unrest; Loyalist countermobilization; and communication with the rural hinterlands.
Germaine R. Halegoua
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781479839216
- eISBN:
- 9781479829101
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479839216.003.0007
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
More frequently than ever before, collective and individual placemaking involve routine engagement with digital media texts and practices. As the amount of accessible information about place ...
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More frequently than ever before, collective and individual placemaking involve routine engagement with digital media texts and practices. As the amount of accessible information about place proliferates, so, too, does the desire to “know one’s place” within space and society. The notion of “spatial reality” has become more personalized, customized, and shareable and at the same time more cartographic, quantifiable, and legible. Noted in several of the case studies presented in this book, digital technologies and practices are, in fact, key elements employed in humanizing the environment of urban spaces. The return to place, urban embodiment and embeddedness are activated and maintained through mediated, symbolic, and networked technologies and practices. This book encourages readers to think of digitally mediated placemaking not as a paradox but as something that populations across the globe habitually and strategically do in their performances of place. Throughout this book, the author calls attention to place and placemaking as integral to analyses of digital media use and relationships between media, bodies, and urban environments.Less
More frequently than ever before, collective and individual placemaking involve routine engagement with digital media texts and practices. As the amount of accessible information about place proliferates, so, too, does the desire to “know one’s place” within space and society. The notion of “spatial reality” has become more personalized, customized, and shareable and at the same time more cartographic, quantifiable, and legible. Noted in several of the case studies presented in this book, digital technologies and practices are, in fact, key elements employed in humanizing the environment of urban spaces. The return to place, urban embodiment and embeddedness are activated and maintained through mediated, symbolic, and networked technologies and practices. This book encourages readers to think of digitally mediated placemaking not as a paradox but as something that populations across the globe habitually and strategically do in their performances of place. Throughout this book, the author calls attention to place and placemaking as integral to analyses of digital media use and relationships between media, bodies, and urban environments.
Melvin Delgado
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195125467
- eISBN:
- 9780199864188
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195125467.003.0003
- Subject:
- Social Work, Communities and Organizations
This chapter presents a brief review of several theoretical schools of thought that have direct applicability to community capacity-enhancement practice in an urban environment. Topics discussed ...
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This chapter presents a brief review of several theoretical schools of thought that have direct applicability to community capacity-enhancement practice in an urban environment. Topics discussed include community capacity enhancement, the foundation for community capacity enhancement, and the essential characteristics of a community capacity-enhancement model.Less
This chapter presents a brief review of several theoretical schools of thought that have direct applicability to community capacity-enhancement practice in an urban environment. Topics discussed include community capacity enhancement, the foundation for community capacity enhancement, and the essential characteristics of a community capacity-enhancement model.
Kristian Kloeckl
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780300243048
- eISBN:
- 9780300249347
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300243048.003.0001
- Subject:
- Architecture, Architectural History
This introductory chapter argues that technology-mediated interactions in cities today can be better understood and conceived of by adopting an improvisation-based design perspective. This allows one ...
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This introductory chapter argues that technology-mediated interactions in cities today can be better understood and conceived of by adopting an improvisation-based design perspective. This allows one to better disclose the potential of today's technology-saturated urban environments for urban dwellers. Improvisation is here examined as a framework for making, for the design of interactions in what this chapter refers as the hybrid city. It leverages the essence of improvisation as an art, a practice, and a concept to construct a system of ideas to help better understand the current condition of the hybrid city. And to facilitate the design of urban interventions, the chapter puts forth a set of four principles, or positions, that underlie the design of interactions in hybrid cities.Less
This introductory chapter argues that technology-mediated interactions in cities today can be better understood and conceived of by adopting an improvisation-based design perspective. This allows one to better disclose the potential of today's technology-saturated urban environments for urban dwellers. Improvisation is here examined as a framework for making, for the design of interactions in what this chapter refers as the hybrid city. It leverages the essence of improvisation as an art, a practice, and a concept to construct a system of ideas to help better understand the current condition of the hybrid city. And to facilitate the design of urban interventions, the chapter puts forth a set of four principles, or positions, that underlie the design of interactions in hybrid cities.
Kristian Kloeckl
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780300243048
- eISBN:
- 9780300249347
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300243048.003.0002
- Subject:
- Architecture, Architectural History
This chapter introduces the digitally augmented city as a major focus of current design research and practice. It critically examines the impact that the entanglement of networked information ...
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This chapter introduces the digitally augmented city as a major focus of current design research and practice. It critically examines the impact that the entanglement of networked information technologies with the urban realm has produced and discusses this in reference to extant literature. The entanglement of networked information technologies and urban environments has changed cities and urban life, and it has changed how we think about cities. Over the past two decades, a profusion of terms have been coined by scholars and practitioners to describe aspects of this changing urban condition. Networked city, real-time city, virtual city, smart city, hybrid city, responsive city, and ad hoc city are terms that are at times used lightly but that have underlying concepts that can help us capture more of the current urban condition and point to ways of working with it.Less
This chapter introduces the digitally augmented city as a major focus of current design research and practice. It critically examines the impact that the entanglement of networked information technologies with the urban realm has produced and discusses this in reference to extant literature. The entanglement of networked information technologies and urban environments has changed cities and urban life, and it has changed how we think about cities. Over the past two decades, a profusion of terms have been coined by scholars and practitioners to describe aspects of this changing urban condition. Networked city, real-time city, virtual city, smart city, hybrid city, responsive city, and ad hoc city are terms that are at times used lightly but that have underlying concepts that can help us capture more of the current urban condition and point to ways of working with it.
James Tweedie and Yomi Braester
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622099845
- eISBN:
- 9789882206731
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622099845.003.0001
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
This book is about city films, a genre of sorts that involves a reconsideration of both urban environment and cinema. It proposes several redefinitions of the terms “cinema” and the “city” while ...
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This book is about city films, a genre of sorts that involves a reconsideration of both urban environment and cinema. It proposes several redefinitions of the terms “cinema” and the “city” while focusing on the relationship between the media and the increasingly urbanized life throughout East Asia. It traces the developments in the urban cinema of East Asia and is concerned with not only film per se, but also with experimental documentaries, avant-garde videos, anime, and other emerging media or genres.Less
This book is about city films, a genre of sorts that involves a reconsideration of both urban environment and cinema. It proposes several redefinitions of the terms “cinema” and the “city” while focusing on the relationship between the media and the increasingly urbanized life throughout East Asia. It traces the developments in the urban cinema of East Asia and is concerned with not only film per se, but also with experimental documentaries, avant-garde videos, anime, and other emerging media or genres.
Melvin Delgado
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195125467
- eISBN:
- 9780199864188
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195125467.003.0004
- Subject:
- Social Work, Communities and Organizations
This chapter presents an overview of a framework for undertaking community capacity-enhancement interventions that are focused on murals, gardens, playgrounds, and sculptures that are built by the ...
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This chapter presents an overview of a framework for undertaking community capacity-enhancement interventions that are focused on murals, gardens, playgrounds, and sculptures that are built by the community. The framework consists of five phases that place equal emphasis on assessment, mapping, engagement, planning (includes implementation), and evaluation. The chapter discusses these different phases, how they interrelate, and grounds them within an ecological perspective toward practice.Less
This chapter presents an overview of a framework for undertaking community capacity-enhancement interventions that are focused on murals, gardens, playgrounds, and sculptures that are built by the community. The framework consists of five phases that place equal emphasis on assessment, mapping, engagement, planning (includes implementation), and evaluation. The chapter discusses these different phases, how they interrelate, and grounds them within an ecological perspective toward practice.
Sherry Lee and Sadie Menicanin
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780691198293
- eISBN:
- 9780691198736
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691198293.003.0003
- Subject:
- Music, Opera
This chapter considers Erich Korngold's multifaceted creative engagement with the delineation of distinctive acoustic spaces. It describes an “Age of Noise” in Vienna, within a modernizing ...
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This chapter considers Erich Korngold's multifaceted creative engagement with the delineation of distinctive acoustic spaces. It describes an “Age of Noise” in Vienna, within a modernizing environment which would influence a young Korngold. Indeed, Korngold lived his whole life in modern urban environments. His aesthetic output, and indeed, the listening experience of his audiences who lived and heard within those same spaces, have been shaped in many ways by the conditions of twentieth-century metropolitan life in all its acoustic complexity. This facet of Korngold's world, the inevitable resonance of sonic modernity within the spaces of modern identity, compounds the critical challenge to both the composer's own ostensible naïveté and his music's apparent political neutrality.Less
This chapter considers Erich Korngold's multifaceted creative engagement with the delineation of distinctive acoustic spaces. It describes an “Age of Noise” in Vienna, within a modernizing environment which would influence a young Korngold. Indeed, Korngold lived his whole life in modern urban environments. His aesthetic output, and indeed, the listening experience of his audiences who lived and heard within those same spaces, have been shaped in many ways by the conditions of twentieth-century metropolitan life in all its acoustic complexity. This facet of Korngold's world, the inevitable resonance of sonic modernity within the spaces of modern identity, compounds the critical challenge to both the composer's own ostensible naïveté and his music's apparent political neutrality.
Jana Evans Braziel
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781496812742
- eISBN:
- 9781496812780
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781496812742.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Culture
On the southern end of the Grand Rue, a major thoroughfare that runs through the center of Port-au-Prince, waits the Haitian capital's automobile repair district. This junkyard of steel and rubber, ...
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On the southern end of the Grand Rue, a major thoroughfare that runs through the center of Port-au-Prince, waits the Haitian capital's automobile repair district. This junkyard of steel and rubber, recycled parts, old tires, and scrap metal might seem an unlikely foundry for art. Yet, on the street's opposite end thrives the Grand Rue Galerie, a working studio of assembled art and sculptures wrought from the refuse. Established by artists André Eugène and Jean Hérard Celeur in the late 1990s, the Grand Rue's urban environmental aesthetics radically challenge ideas about consumption, waste, and environmental hazards, as well as consider innovative solutions to these problems in the midst of poverty, insufficient social welfare, and lack of access to arts, education, and basic needs. This book explores the urban environmental aesthetics of the Grand Rue sculptors and the beautifully constructed sculptures they have designed from salvaged parts and materials. The book constructs an urban ecological framework for understanding these sculptures amid environmental degradation and grinding poverty. The book regards the underdeveloped cities of the global South as alternate spaces for challenging the profit-driven machinations of global capitalism. Above all, the book presents Haitian artists who live on the most challenged Caribbean island, yet who thrive as creators reinventing refuse as art and resisting the abjection of their circumstances.Less
On the southern end of the Grand Rue, a major thoroughfare that runs through the center of Port-au-Prince, waits the Haitian capital's automobile repair district. This junkyard of steel and rubber, recycled parts, old tires, and scrap metal might seem an unlikely foundry for art. Yet, on the street's opposite end thrives the Grand Rue Galerie, a working studio of assembled art and sculptures wrought from the refuse. Established by artists André Eugène and Jean Hérard Celeur in the late 1990s, the Grand Rue's urban environmental aesthetics radically challenge ideas about consumption, waste, and environmental hazards, as well as consider innovative solutions to these problems in the midst of poverty, insufficient social welfare, and lack of access to arts, education, and basic needs. This book explores the urban environmental aesthetics of the Grand Rue sculptors and the beautifully constructed sculptures they have designed from salvaged parts and materials. The book constructs an urban ecological framework for understanding these sculptures amid environmental degradation and grinding poverty. The book regards the underdeveloped cities of the global South as alternate spaces for challenging the profit-driven machinations of global capitalism. Above all, the book presents Haitian artists who live on the most challenged Caribbean island, yet who thrive as creators reinventing refuse as art and resisting the abjection of their circumstances.
Clare Herrick
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847426383
- eISBN:
- 9781447302445
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847426383.003.0005
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This chapter explores the rapidly expanding canon of work examining the ‘obesogenic’ nature of urban environments and the ways in which this epistemology crosscuts efforts to create an incidentally ...
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This chapter explores the rapidly expanding canon of work examining the ‘obesogenic’ nature of urban environments and the ways in which this epistemology crosscuts efforts to create an incidentally sensible city. It examines the conflicting body of evidence concerning the causal relationships between the environmental determinants of health, body mass index (BMI), physical activity and nutrition. It questions the consistencies, limitations and generalisability of such studies when transferred across into the pragmatic realm of obesity prevention policies and interventions. It is hardly surprising that health is now a measure of the ‘good city’. The recent trend of ranking cities based on a host of factors such as liveability by publications such as Business Week and Human Resources company, Mercer, now extends to their citizens' relative fitness or fatness.Less
This chapter explores the rapidly expanding canon of work examining the ‘obesogenic’ nature of urban environments and the ways in which this epistemology crosscuts efforts to create an incidentally sensible city. It examines the conflicting body of evidence concerning the causal relationships between the environmental determinants of health, body mass index (BMI), physical activity and nutrition. It questions the consistencies, limitations and generalisability of such studies when transferred across into the pragmatic realm of obesity prevention policies and interventions. It is hardly surprising that health is now a measure of the ‘good city’. The recent trend of ranking cities based on a host of factors such as liveability by publications such as Business Week and Human Resources company, Mercer, now extends to their citizens' relative fitness or fatness.
Glenn R. Guntenspergen
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- December 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199563562
- eISBN:
- 9780191774713
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199563562.003.0009
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology
This section focuses on the adaptability of species to the abiotic conditions and built structures in urban environments, and how they are affected by human subsidies. It consists of five chapters ...
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This section focuses on the adaptability of species to the abiotic conditions and built structures in urban environments, and how they are affected by human subsidies. It consists of five chapters that explore unique habitat types and offers insights into patterns of plant and animal biodiversity in urban environments. Using wetland habitats and a worldwide comparative approach as a framework, they assess the impacts of urbanisation on the composition and diversity of plant communities, how urbanisation alters the fundamental controls affecting vegetation structure, habitat transformation, habitat fragmentation, the biodiversity of urban wildlife populations and human influences on their abundance and structure, how common species in different cities have adapted to urban ecosystems, and human-wildlife conflicts.Less
This section focuses on the adaptability of species to the abiotic conditions and built structures in urban environments, and how they are affected by human subsidies. It consists of five chapters that explore unique habitat types and offers insights into patterns of plant and animal biodiversity in urban environments. Using wetland habitats and a worldwide comparative approach as a framework, they assess the impacts of urbanisation on the composition and diversity of plant communities, how urbanisation alters the fundamental controls affecting vegetation structure, habitat transformation, habitat fragmentation, the biodiversity of urban wildlife populations and human influences on their abundance and structure, how common species in different cities have adapted to urban ecosystems, and human-wildlife conflicts.
Robert Gottlieb and Simon Ng
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780262035910
- eISBN:
- 9780262338868
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262035910.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
During the past four decades Los Angeles and Hong Kong have come to play a critical role in the flow of goods, people, and capital; in the changes in production and consumption; and in the urban ...
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During the past four decades Los Angeles and Hong Kong have come to play a critical role in the flow of goods, people, and capital; in the changes in production and consumption; and in the urban environmental issues that have taken root as a result of the changes they have experienced. The book evaluates the issues associated with those changes, including how LA and Hong Kong have become connected to China and its key urban regions such as Shenzhen and Guangzhou in the Pearl River Delta. Los Angeles, Hong Kong, and several of China’s mega-cities have become global in their activities and reach through their financial, political and economic roles as well as the cultural, environmental, and demographic shifts that have taken place. The book documents the history and protracted nature of six urban environmental issues in Los Angeles, Hong Kong, and China. These include ports and freight traffic (or goods movement), air quality, water supply and water quality, the food environment, transportation, and open and public space. It identifies contrasting development patterns, important similarities, and comparative trends and strategies. The book further analyzes how urban environmental issues have risen to the top of the policy agendas in Los Angeles, Hong Kong, and China, where and how changes are being explored and where change is possible, and where and how such changes have been blocked or undermined.Less
During the past four decades Los Angeles and Hong Kong have come to play a critical role in the flow of goods, people, and capital; in the changes in production and consumption; and in the urban environmental issues that have taken root as a result of the changes they have experienced. The book evaluates the issues associated with those changes, including how LA and Hong Kong have become connected to China and its key urban regions such as Shenzhen and Guangzhou in the Pearl River Delta. Los Angeles, Hong Kong, and several of China’s mega-cities have become global in their activities and reach through their financial, political and economic roles as well as the cultural, environmental, and demographic shifts that have taken place. The book documents the history and protracted nature of six urban environmental issues in Los Angeles, Hong Kong, and China. These include ports and freight traffic (or goods movement), air quality, water supply and water quality, the food environment, transportation, and open and public space. It identifies contrasting development patterns, important similarities, and comparative trends and strategies. The book further analyzes how urban environmental issues have risen to the top of the policy agendas in Los Angeles, Hong Kong, and China, where and how changes are being explored and where change is possible, and where and how such changes have been blocked or undermined.
Sarah Rees Jones
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- January 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780197266724
- eISBN:
- 9780191916052
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197266724.003.0010
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
This chapter argues that population mobility was central to the development of medieval urban society, environment and institutions. The first part provides an overview of the changing extent and ...
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This chapter argues that population mobility was central to the development of medieval urban society, environment and institutions. The first part provides an overview of the changing extent and nature of English urbanisation in the centuries between 600 and 1500, and addresses both mobility and migration within England, and beyond England. It outlines some of the multi-disciplinary and conceptual approaches underpinning this work and then focuses in greater depth on urban migration fields, and on the infrastructure, regulation, and experience of urban mobility. The chapter identifies competing cultural contexts within which values associated with urban mobility were conceived, and argues that both political language and developing social customs concerning the regulation of mobility were central to the experience of migrants.Less
This chapter argues that population mobility was central to the development of medieval urban society, environment and institutions. The first part provides an overview of the changing extent and nature of English urbanisation in the centuries between 600 and 1500, and addresses both mobility and migration within England, and beyond England. It outlines some of the multi-disciplinary and conceptual approaches underpinning this work and then focuses in greater depth on urban migration fields, and on the infrastructure, regulation, and experience of urban mobility. The chapter identifies competing cultural contexts within which values associated with urban mobility were conceived, and argues that both political language and developing social customs concerning the regulation of mobility were central to the experience of migrants.
Jürgen H. Breuste, Thomas Elmqvist, Glenn Guntenspergen, Philip James, and Nancy E. McIntyre (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- December 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199563562
- eISBN:
- 9780191774713
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199563562.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology
This book deals with urbanisation which is a global phenomenon that is increasingly challenging human society and ecosystems. It is therefore crucially important to ensure that the expansion of ...
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This book deals with urbanisation which is a global phenomenon that is increasingly challenging human society and ecosystems. It is therefore crucially important to ensure that the expansion of cities and towns proceeds sustainably. Urban ecology, the interdisciplinary study of ecological patterns and processes in towns and cities, is a rapidly developing field that can provide a scientific basis for the informed decision-making and planning needed to create both viable and sustainable cities. This book discusses our current understanding of all aspects of urban environments, from the physical characteristics of cities to the ecology of the organisms that inhabit them and the diversity of ecosystem services and human social issues encountered within urban landscapes. The book is divided into five sections with the first describing the physical urban environment. Subsequent sections examine ecological patterns and processes within the urban setting, followed by the integration of ecology and biodiversity with social issues. The book concludes with a discussion of the applications of urban ecology and ecosystem services provided by urban biodiversity to land-use planning. The emphasis throughout is on what we actually know (as well as what we should know) about the complexities of social-ecological systems in urban areas, in order to develop urban ecology as a rigorous scientific discipline.Less
This book deals with urbanisation which is a global phenomenon that is increasingly challenging human society and ecosystems. It is therefore crucially important to ensure that the expansion of cities and towns proceeds sustainably. Urban ecology, the interdisciplinary study of ecological patterns and processes in towns and cities, is a rapidly developing field that can provide a scientific basis for the informed decision-making and planning needed to create both viable and sustainable cities. This book discusses our current understanding of all aspects of urban environments, from the physical characteristics of cities to the ecology of the organisms that inhabit them and the diversity of ecosystem services and human social issues encountered within urban landscapes. The book is divided into five sections with the first describing the physical urban environment. Subsequent sections examine ecological patterns and processes within the urban setting, followed by the integration of ecology and biodiversity with social issues. The book concludes with a discussion of the applications of urban ecology and ecosystem services provided by urban biodiversity to land-use planning. The emphasis throughout is on what we actually know (as well as what we should know) about the complexities of social-ecological systems in urban areas, in order to develop urban ecology as a rigorous scientific discipline.
Tony Harrison
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861341914
- eISBN:
- 9781447304265
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861341914.003.0010
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Research and Statistics
Of all the areas discussed, urban policy perhaps faces some of the most formidable problems in identifying what works. Nonetheless, this chapter shows that the rhetoric of evidence figures large in ...
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Of all the areas discussed, urban policy perhaps faces some of the most formidable problems in identifying what works. Nonetheless, this chapter shows that the rhetoric of evidence figures large in the justification of many of the schemes aimed at improving the urban environment. Evaluation of the success (or otherwise) of many such schemes has been attempted. The chapter concentrates on policy directed at the multifaceted problems of cities, in particular those concentrated in specific neighbourhoods where problems of housing, health, employment, and crime seem to reinforce each other and demand a multiagency approach. Naturally enough, methodological problems are legion – in particular, identifying suitable outcomes, identifying unwanted effects or displacements, and making causal attributions between any outcomes obtained and the activities undertaken. The response has been a growing body of case material, which provides rich individual accounts but few robust generalisations.Less
Of all the areas discussed, urban policy perhaps faces some of the most formidable problems in identifying what works. Nonetheless, this chapter shows that the rhetoric of evidence figures large in the justification of many of the schemes aimed at improving the urban environment. Evaluation of the success (or otherwise) of many such schemes has been attempted. The chapter concentrates on policy directed at the multifaceted problems of cities, in particular those concentrated in specific neighbourhoods where problems of housing, health, employment, and crime seem to reinforce each other and demand a multiagency approach. Naturally enough, methodological problems are legion – in particular, identifying suitable outcomes, identifying unwanted effects or displacements, and making causal attributions between any outcomes obtained and the activities undertaken. The response has been a growing body of case material, which provides rich individual accounts but few robust generalisations.
