Anne Power
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781447327523
- eISBN:
- 9781447327547
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447327523.001.0001
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Urban Geography
Europe’s historic city centres look dense, busy, cared for, populated with cafes, small shops, monuments, churches, public squares and traffic. On the centre’s edge, even in smaller, poorer cities, ...
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Europe’s historic city centres look dense, busy, cared for, populated with cafes, small shops, monuments, churches, public squares and traffic. On the centre’s edge, even in smaller, poorer cities, there are often concrete towers, gestures to modernity, banking and internationalisation. However, there are also abandoned buildings and derelict spaces. It is easy to see the potential in Europe’s battle-worn cities and their multi-tongued people, just as it is easy to see the broad sweep of world-shaping history. However, many city cores around the centre have become run down, underinvested, unloved, with too many jobless youth and too few enterprising job creators. All of Europe’s cities were not long ago producers of goods. Today, most of those goods come from afar and too many hands, machines and spaces are idle.
This international handbook draws together 10 years of ground-level research into the causes and consequences of Europe’s biggest urban challenge – the loss of industry, jobs and productive capacity. The handbook explores the potential of former industrial cities to offer a new and more sustainable future for a crowded continent under severe environmental constraints and extreme, economic and social pressures. It focuses on cities that not only were the most productive and wealth creating in the not too distant past, but the most reliant on major industries and therefore the hardest hit by their demise. These cities have lived through many phases of growth and decline, and they are experimenting in alternative futures. So they may show us new ways forward.Less
Europe’s historic city centres look dense, busy, cared for, populated with cafes, small shops, monuments, churches, public squares and traffic. On the centre’s edge, even in smaller, poorer cities, there are often concrete towers, gestures to modernity, banking and internationalisation. However, there are also abandoned buildings and derelict spaces. It is easy to see the potential in Europe’s battle-worn cities and their multi-tongued people, just as it is easy to see the broad sweep of world-shaping history. However, many city cores around the centre have become run down, underinvested, unloved, with too many jobless youth and too few enterprising job creators. All of Europe’s cities were not long ago producers of goods. Today, most of those goods come from afar and too many hands, machines and spaces are idle.
This international handbook draws together 10 years of ground-level research into the causes and consequences of Europe’s biggest urban challenge – the loss of industry, jobs and productive capacity. The handbook explores the potential of former industrial cities to offer a new and more sustainable future for a crowded continent under severe environmental constraints and extreme, economic and social pressures. It focuses on cities that not only were the most productive and wealth creating in the not too distant past, but the most reliant on major industries and therefore the hardest hit by their demise. These cities have lived through many phases of growth and decline, and they are experimenting in alternative futures. So they may show us new ways forward.
Atreyee Sen
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816691470
- eISBN:
- 9781452948096
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816691470.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter addresses how child vigilante squads resist the notion of being “gangs” in India. While child vigilante squads in Indian slums may not appear on the surface to be gangs, they provide ...
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This chapter addresses how child vigilante squads resist the notion of being “gangs” in India. While child vigilante squads in Indian slums may not appear on the surface to be gangs, they provide similar benefits to members as gangs – family, prestige, power, security – and mimic many of the functions of gangs – territorial control, defense of space, defense of community – that have been identified in numerous classic gang studies.Less
This chapter addresses how child vigilante squads resist the notion of being “gangs” in India. While child vigilante squads in Indian slums may not appear on the surface to be gangs, they provide similar benefits to members as gangs – family, prestige, power, security – and mimic many of the functions of gangs – territorial control, defense of space, defense of community – that have been identified in numerous classic gang studies.
Lening Zhang
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816691470
- eISBN:
- 9781452948096
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816691470.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter investigates how the waning of mechanisms of social control in China led to the emergence of youth gangs, as well as the way that these relate to predominant cultural conditions.
This chapter investigates how the waning of mechanisms of social control in China led to the emergence of youth gangs, as well as the way that these relate to predominant cultural conditions.
Jennifer M. Hazen and Dennis Rodgers (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816691470
- eISBN:
- 9781452948096
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816691470.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Few studies reflect the critical need to study gangs across time and space. Most investigations focus on a single gang or gangs in a single community, and present the gang in a “snapshot” manner, ...
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Few studies reflect the critical need to study gangs across time and space. Most investigations focus on a single gang or gangs in a single community, and present the gang in a “snapshot” manner, reflecting the nature of the gang at a specific point in time. More importantly, few collections offer comparative studies of gangs across cultures. This volume uniquely offers a thematic approach to engage in concrete comparisons, both contextually and transnationally, of gangs In Brazil, China, El Salvador, France, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Mexico, the Russian Federation, Sierra Leone, South Africa, the USA. Each chapter is based on direct primary empirical research, and the collection is framed by a critical Introduction by the editors and an Afterword by renowned US gang researcher Sudhir Venkatesh. The volume is likely to reach a wide-ranging audience across disciplines, including: anthropology, criminology, development studies, geography, history, international studies, law, political science, sociology, and urban studies. It could serves as a foundational text for advanced undergraduate level courses on conflict and violence, urban security studies, or informal politics, for example, as well as a useful resource at the MA level..Less
Few studies reflect the critical need to study gangs across time and space. Most investigations focus on a single gang or gangs in a single community, and present the gang in a “snapshot” manner, reflecting the nature of the gang at a specific point in time. More importantly, few collections offer comparative studies of gangs across cultures. This volume uniquely offers a thematic approach to engage in concrete comparisons, both contextually and transnationally, of gangs In Brazil, China, El Salvador, France, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Mexico, the Russian Federation, Sierra Leone, South Africa, the USA. Each chapter is based on direct primary empirical research, and the collection is framed by a critical Introduction by the editors and an Afterword by renowned US gang researcher Sudhir Venkatesh. The volume is likely to reach a wide-ranging audience across disciplines, including: anthropology, criminology, development studies, geography, history, international studies, law, political science, sociology, and urban studies. It could serves as a foundational text for advanced undergraduate level courses on conflict and violence, urban security studies, or informal politics, for example, as well as a useful resource at the MA level..
Jacob Rasmussen
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816691470
- eISBN:
- 9781452948096
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816691470.003.0011
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter reveals the close relationship between gangs and social movements in Kenya, exploring in particular the similarities between the Mungiki movement and gangs as social phenomena.
This chapter reveals the close relationship between gangs and social movements in Kenya, exploring in particular the similarities between the Mungiki movement and gangs as social phenomena.
Steffen Jensen
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816691470
- eISBN:
- 9781452948096
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816691470.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter focuses on the role of the apartheid regime in South Africa in the emergence of gangs and the role they play in the economy, politics, and security of post-apartheid South Africa.
This chapter focuses on the role of the apartheid regime in South Africa in the emergence of gangs and the role they play in the economy, politics, and security of post-apartheid South Africa.
Mats Utas
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816691470
- eISBN:
- 9781452948096
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816691470.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter explores the similarities and differences between gangs and militias in post-war Sierra Leone, focusing in particular on the continuities between wartime armed groups and post-conflict ...
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This chapter explores the similarities and differences between gangs and militias in post-war Sierra Leone, focusing in particular on the continuities between wartime armed groups and post-conflict gangs, their ties to the political culture, and the constant efforts of youths to both gain entry into “the system”, while at the same time rebelling against it.Less
This chapter explores the similarities and differences between gangs and militias in post-war Sierra Leone, focusing in particular on the continuities between wartime armed groups and post-conflict gangs, their ties to the political culture, and the constant efforts of youths to both gain entry into “the system”, while at the same time rebelling against it.
Marwan Mohammed
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816691470
- eISBN:
- 9781452948096
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816691470.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter investigates how economic factors shaped the emergence of gangs in France between the 1950s and 1970s, and the way that politics subsequently transformed the nature of gang formation in ...
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This chapter investigates how economic factors shaped the emergence of gangs in France between the 1950s and 1970s, and the way that politics subsequently transformed the nature of gang formation in the 1980s and 1990s.Less
This chapter investigates how economic factors shaped the emergence of gangs in France between the 1950s and 1970s, and the way that politics subsequently transformed the nature of gang formation in the 1980s and 1990s.
Enrique Desmond Arias
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816691470
- eISBN:
- 9781452948096
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816691470.003.0012
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter underscores the strategic – and variable – political discourse about gangs in Brazil, and how this obscures the close relationships that often exist between criminal gangs and state ...
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This chapter underscores the strategic – and variable – political discourse about gangs in Brazil, and how this obscures the close relationships that often exist between criminal gangs and state security actors.Less
This chapter underscores the strategic – and variable – political discourse about gangs in Brazil, and how this obscures the close relationships that often exist between criminal gangs and state security actors.
James Diego Vigil
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816691470
- eISBN:
- 9781452948096
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816691470.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter explains how immigration and migration in the United States led to the creation of Chicano gangs, as a response to the exclusion and precarious conditions they faced in their new country.
This chapter explains how immigration and migration in the United States led to the creation of Chicano gangs, as a response to the exclusion and precarious conditions they faced in their new country.
Loren Ryter
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816691470
- eISBN:
- 9781452948096
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816691470.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter highlights the political instrumentalization of gangs in Indonesia, and the evolution of youth groups into political players.
This chapter highlights the political instrumentalization of gangs in Indonesia, and the evolution of youth groups into political players.
Gareth A. Jones
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816691470
- eISBN:
- 9781452948096
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816691470.003.0013
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter focuses on the way that the “gang” label has become a major element of the public security discourse in Mexico, leading to the social stigmatization of youth through its arbitrary ...
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This chapter focuses on the way that the “gang” label has become a major element of the public security discourse in Mexico, leading to the social stigmatization of youth through its arbitrary deployment.Less
This chapter focuses on the way that the “gang” label has become a major element of the public security discourse in Mexico, leading to the social stigmatization of youth through its arbitrary deployment.
Alexander L. Salagaev and Rustem R. Safin
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816691470
- eISBN:
- 9781452948096
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816691470.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter looks at the role of the economic crisis and ultimate dissolution of the Soviet Union and how the conversion to a liberal economy created openings for the emergence of modern gangs, and ...
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This chapter looks at the role of the economic crisis and ultimate dissolution of the Soviet Union and how the conversion to a liberal economy created openings for the emergence of modern gangs, and how these have evolved over time.Less
This chapter looks at the role of the economic crisis and ultimate dissolution of the Soviet Union and how the conversion to a liberal economy created openings for the emergence of modern gangs, and how these have evolved over time.
José Miguel Cruz
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816691470
- eISBN:
- 9781452948096
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816691470.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter highlights how the implementation of repressive Mano Dura (“Hard Hand”) policies vis-à-vis gangs in El Salvador has led to the evolution of atomized youth gangs into more structured, ...
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This chapter highlights how the implementation of repressive Mano Dura (“Hard Hand”) policies vis-à-vis gangs in El Salvador has led to the evolution of atomized youth gangs into more structured, more violent, and more institutionalized street gangs.Less
This chapter highlights how the implementation of repressive Mano Dura (“Hard Hand”) policies vis-à-vis gangs in El Salvador has led to the evolution of atomized youth gangs into more structured, more violent, and more institutionalized street gangs.
