John H. Goldthorpe
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- November 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199258451
- eISBN:
- 9780191601491
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199258457.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
Analyses trends in intergenerational class mobility in Britain between the early 1970s and the early 1990s on the basis of data from the General Household Survey. Over this period there was little ...
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Analyses trends in intergenerational class mobility in Britain between the early 1970s and the early 1990s on the basis of data from the General Household Survey. Over this period there was little change in total mobility rates. Rates of upward mobility, if anything, fell while rates of downward mobility rose–in contrast to the situation in the middle decades of the twentieth century when rising rates of upward mobility were the salient feature. However, there is continuity in that relative rates of mobility, indicating the level of social fluidity, remain little altered. Education plays a major part in mediating class mobility but its influence is now tending to decrease rather than increase, and individuals’ class origins still have a significant independent effect on their class destinations.Less
Analyses trends in intergenerational class mobility in Britain between the early 1970s and the early 1990s on the basis of data from the General Household Survey. Over this period there was little change in total mobility rates. Rates of upward mobility, if anything, fell while rates of downward mobility rose–in contrast to the situation in the middle decades of the twentieth century when rising rates of upward mobility were the salient feature. However, there is continuity in that relative rates of mobility, indicating the level of social fluidity, remain little altered. Education plays a major part in mediating class mobility but its influence is now tending to decrease rather than increase, and individuals’ class origins still have a significant independent effect on their class destinations.
Mary Ann Mason and Eve Mason Ekman
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195182675
- eISBN:
- 9780199944019
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195182675.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Marriage and the Family
In the past few decades the number of women entering graduate and professional schools has been going up and up, while the number of women reaching the top rung of the corporate and academic worlds ...
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In the past few decades the number of women entering graduate and professional schools has been going up and up, while the number of women reaching the top rung of the corporate and academic worlds has remained relatively stagnant. Why are so many women falling off the fast track? This book traces the career paths of the first generation of ambitious women who started careers in academia, law, medicine, business, and the media in large numbers in the 1970s and '80s. Many women who had started families but continued working had ended up veering off the path to upper management at a point the author calls “the second glass ceiling.” Rather than sticking to their original career goals, they allowed themselves to slide into a second tier of management that offers fewer hours, less pay, lower prestige, and limited upward mobility. Men who did likewise—entered the career world with high aspirations and then started families while working—not only did not show the same trend, they reached even higher levels of professional success than men who had no families at all. Along with her daughter, an aspiring journalist, the author has written a guide for young women who are facing the tough decision of when—and if—to start a family. It is also a guide for older women seeking a second chance to break through to the next level, as the author herself did in academia.Less
In the past few decades the number of women entering graduate and professional schools has been going up and up, while the number of women reaching the top rung of the corporate and academic worlds has remained relatively stagnant. Why are so many women falling off the fast track? This book traces the career paths of the first generation of ambitious women who started careers in academia, law, medicine, business, and the media in large numbers in the 1970s and '80s. Many women who had started families but continued working had ended up veering off the path to upper management at a point the author calls “the second glass ceiling.” Rather than sticking to their original career goals, they allowed themselves to slide into a second tier of management that offers fewer hours, less pay, lower prestige, and limited upward mobility. Men who did likewise—entered the career world with high aspirations and then started families while working—not only did not show the same trend, they reached even higher levels of professional success than men who had no families at all. Along with her daughter, an aspiring journalist, the author has written a guide for young women who are facing the tough decision of when—and if—to start a family. It is also a guide for older women seeking a second chance to break through to the next level, as the author herself did in academia.
Yue Chim Richard Wong
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9789888390625
- eISBN:
- 9789888390373
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888390625.003.0016
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Public and Welfare
It is reasonable to surmise that the dramatic improvement in upward mobility for lower-income families between 1986 and 1996 was a temporary phenomenon – a con-sequence of less competition for school ...
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It is reasonable to surmise that the dramatic improvement in upward mobility for lower-income families between 1986 and 1996 was a temporary phenomenon – a con-sequence of less competition for school places and, especially, university places. This period is now behind us. The significance of such an unusual period of opportunity is that we have to reinterpret the earlier finding by Professor Chou Kee-lee. A more plausible interpretation of upward mobility in Hong Kong is that it improved dramatically for the cohort born in 1946-56 and remained stable afterwards. The cohort that was born in 1961-71 lucked out as upward mobility received a huge boost due to middle class emigration in the lead up to 1997. Since then upward mobility in Hong Kong has returned to the same stable level.Less
It is reasonable to surmise that the dramatic improvement in upward mobility for lower-income families between 1986 and 1996 was a temporary phenomenon – a con-sequence of less competition for school places and, especially, university places. This period is now behind us. The significance of such an unusual period of opportunity is that we have to reinterpret the earlier finding by Professor Chou Kee-lee. A more plausible interpretation of upward mobility in Hong Kong is that it improved dramatically for the cohort born in 1946-56 and remained stable afterwards. The cohort that was born in 1961-71 lucked out as upward mobility received a huge boost due to middle class emigration in the lead up to 1997. Since then upward mobility in Hong Kong has returned to the same stable level.
Jessi Streib
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199364428
- eISBN:
- 9780190232450
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199364428.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Stratification, Inequality, and Mobility, Marriage and the Family
This book advances the notion that intimate life—marriage and ideas of how to best live—is closely linked to the class in which individuals were raised. Arguing against the notion that class is a ...
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This book advances the notion that intimate life—marriage and ideas of how to best live—is closely linked to the class in which individuals were raised. Arguing against the notion that class is a meaningless category or that college degrees erase childhood inequalities, this book describes the ways that the class of individuals’ past influences their identities and marriages. Drawing on interview data, the book reveals that not only are adults’ class origins linked to their ideas of who is a desirable spouse, but class origin is also tied to ideas of how to use money, attend to work, engage in leisure, organize time, divide household duties, raise children, and express emotions. Couples in which each partner was raised in a different class must then contend with their different ideas of how to live—ideas that they rarely realize are related to the class of their past.Less
This book advances the notion that intimate life—marriage and ideas of how to best live—is closely linked to the class in which individuals were raised. Arguing against the notion that class is a meaningless category or that college degrees erase childhood inequalities, this book describes the ways that the class of individuals’ past influences their identities and marriages. Drawing on interview data, the book reveals that not only are adults’ class origins linked to their ideas of who is a desirable spouse, but class origin is also tied to ideas of how to use money, attend to work, engage in leisure, organize time, divide household duties, raise children, and express emotions. Couples in which each partner was raised in a different class must then contend with their different ideas of how to live—ideas that they rarely realize are related to the class of their past.
Peter Coss
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199560004
- eISBN:
- 9780191723094
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199560004.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
This book examines the formative years of the English gentry. In doing so, it explains their lasting characteristics during a long history as a social elite, including adaptability to change and ...
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This book examines the formative years of the English gentry. In doing so, it explains their lasting characteristics during a long history as a social elite, including adaptability to change and openness to upward mobility from below, chiefly from the professions. Revolving around the rich archive left by the Multons of Frampton in South Lincolnshire, the book explores the material culture of the gentry, their concern with fashion, and their obsession with display. It pays close attention to the visitors to their homes, and to the social relationships between men and women. The book shows that the gentry household was a literate community, within a literate local world, and he studies closely the consumption of literature, paying particular attention to household entertainment. Beyond their households, the gentry could assert their pre-eminence in the local community through involvement with the Church and the management of their estates. Treating the relationship between gentry and Church in both devotional and institutional terms, the book shows how religious practice was a means for the gentry to assert social dominance, and they increasingly treated the Church as a career path for their kin. Protecting their estates was of similar importance, and legal expertise was highly prized — it consequently provided a major means of entry into the gentry, as well as offering further opportunities for younger sons. Overall, the book reveals that the cultural horizons of the gentry were essentially local. Nevertheless there were wider dimensions, and the book concludes with observations on how national and chivalric concerns interacted with the rhythms of regional life.Less
This book examines the formative years of the English gentry. In doing so, it explains their lasting characteristics during a long history as a social elite, including adaptability to change and openness to upward mobility from below, chiefly from the professions. Revolving around the rich archive left by the Multons of Frampton in South Lincolnshire, the book explores the material culture of the gentry, their concern with fashion, and their obsession with display. It pays close attention to the visitors to their homes, and to the social relationships between men and women. The book shows that the gentry household was a literate community, within a literate local world, and he studies closely the consumption of literature, paying particular attention to household entertainment. Beyond their households, the gentry could assert their pre-eminence in the local community through involvement with the Church and the management of their estates. Treating the relationship between gentry and Church in both devotional and institutional terms, the book shows how religious practice was a means for the gentry to assert social dominance, and they increasingly treated the Church as a career path for their kin. Protecting their estates was of similar importance, and legal expertise was highly prized — it consequently provided a major means of entry into the gentry, as well as offering further opportunities for younger sons. Overall, the book reveals that the cultural horizons of the gentry were essentially local. Nevertheless there were wider dimensions, and the book concludes with observations on how national and chivalric concerns interacted with the rhythms of regional life.
Christine J. Walley
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780226871790
- eISBN:
- 9780226871813
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226871813.003.0004
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
This chapter explores the author's own experiences with upward mobility traveling between Southeast Chicago and an elite East Coast boarding school. Conservatives often respond to critiques of class ...
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This chapter explores the author's own experiences with upward mobility traveling between Southeast Chicago and an elite East Coast boarding school. Conservatives often respond to critiques of class divisions in the United States by emphasizing possibilities for upward mobility. They depict upward mobility as a relatively straightforward process at the heart of the American dream. However, such assumptions downplay both the personal and familial ambivalence that can accompany upward mobility and fail to explain why the collective upward mobility that once characterized industrial regions like Southeast Chicago has been replaced by a narrower focus on isolated individuals getting ahead.Less
This chapter explores the author's own experiences with upward mobility traveling between Southeast Chicago and an elite East Coast boarding school. Conservatives often respond to critiques of class divisions in the United States by emphasizing possibilities for upward mobility. They depict upward mobility as a relatively straightforward process at the heart of the American dream. However, such assumptions downplay both the personal and familial ambivalence that can accompany upward mobility and fail to explain why the collective upward mobility that once characterized industrial regions like Southeast Chicago has been replaced by a narrower focus on isolated individuals getting ahead.
Yue Chim Richard Wong
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9789888390625
- eISBN:
- 9789888390373
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888390625.003.0017
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Public and Welfare
Failure to appreciate theimportant fact that poverty propagated itself in the absence of a parent or a social program that had time to help young childrenhas allowed child poverty to fester, ...
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Failure to appreciate theimportant fact that poverty propagated itself in the absence of a parent or a social program that had time to help young childrenhas allowed child poverty to fester, compromising children’s ability to go to school, their willingness to learn, their attitudes, and their motivation. This is a major cause of worsening intergenerational mobility and poverty. The research findings of Chetty et al. confirm the importance of investing in schooling, of having stable families, and of building communities to provide positive encouragement and support for the disadvantaged. The isolated, remote public housing estates we have in Hong Kong are unlikely to foster such communities.The findings from the US and Hong Kong strongly suggest that public sector housing policy to subsidize low-income families should be changed from providing subsidized rental housing units to homeownership units. This would have three different effects for increasing intergenerational mobility among low-income households.Less
Failure to appreciate theimportant fact that poverty propagated itself in the absence of a parent or a social program that had time to help young childrenhas allowed child poverty to fester, compromising children’s ability to go to school, their willingness to learn, their attitudes, and their motivation. This is a major cause of worsening intergenerational mobility and poverty. The research findings of Chetty et al. confirm the importance of investing in schooling, of having stable families, and of building communities to provide positive encouragement and support for the disadvantaged. The isolated, remote public housing estates we have in Hong Kong are unlikely to foster such communities.The findings from the US and Hong Kong strongly suggest that public sector housing policy to subsidize low-income families should be changed from providing subsidized rental housing units to homeownership units. This would have three different effects for increasing intergenerational mobility among low-income households.
Rachel Kranson
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781469635439
- eISBN:
- 9781469635446
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469635439.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
This new cultural history of Jewish life and identity in the United States after World War II focuses on the process of upward mobility. Rachel Kranson challenges the common notion that most American ...
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This new cultural history of Jewish life and identity in the United States after World War II focuses on the process of upward mobility. Rachel Kranson challenges the common notion that most American Jews unambivalently celebrated their generally strong growth in economic status and social acceptance during the booming postwar era. In fact, a significant number of Jewish religious, artistic, and intellectual leaders worried about the ascent of large numbers of Jews into the American middle class. Kranson reveals that many newly-affluent, postwar Jews were deeply concerned that their lives—affected by rapidly changing political pressures, gender norms, and religious practices—were becoming dangerously disconnected from what they saw as authentic Jewish values. She uncovers how Jewish leaders continued to identify with Jewish histories of economic and social insecurity, and romanticized Jewish life in America’s immigrant slums and Europe’s impoverished shtetls. Jewish leaders, while not trying to hinder economic development, thus cemented an ongoing identification with the Jewish heritage of poverty and marginality as a crucial element in an American Jewish ethos.Less
This new cultural history of Jewish life and identity in the United States after World War II focuses on the process of upward mobility. Rachel Kranson challenges the common notion that most American Jews unambivalently celebrated their generally strong growth in economic status and social acceptance during the booming postwar era. In fact, a significant number of Jewish religious, artistic, and intellectual leaders worried about the ascent of large numbers of Jews into the American middle class. Kranson reveals that many newly-affluent, postwar Jews were deeply concerned that their lives—affected by rapidly changing political pressures, gender norms, and religious practices—were becoming dangerously disconnected from what they saw as authentic Jewish values. She uncovers how Jewish leaders continued to identify with Jewish histories of economic and social insecurity, and romanticized Jewish life in America’s immigrant slums and Europe’s impoverished shtetls. Jewish leaders, while not trying to hinder economic development, thus cemented an ongoing identification with the Jewish heritage of poverty and marginality as a crucial element in an American Jewish ethos.
Erik N. Jensen
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195395648
- eISBN:
- 9780199866564
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195395648.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History, European Modern History
Boxing rings, whether in sports arenas or burlesque theaters, afforded men and women stages on which to create larger‐than‐life personas and to test the limits of socially acceptable ...
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Boxing rings, whether in sports arenas or burlesque theaters, afforded men and women stages on which to create larger‐than‐life personas and to test the limits of socially acceptable self‐presentation. Female boxers embraced the sport's physical combat as a strategy for getting ahead in a postwar Germany in which young women outnumbered the battle‐ravaged men in their age group and had increasingly to fend for themselves. Male boxers embraced the marketing potential of the sport by posing for early renditions of the male pin‐up photograph. Women often displayed themselves as “babes” in boxing trunks for the titillation of their public, but the men did, too. These boxers' carefully crafted public images popularized an ideal of working‐class toughness, the promise of upward mobility, and the allure of self‐invention in modern society.Less
Boxing rings, whether in sports arenas or burlesque theaters, afforded men and women stages on which to create larger‐than‐life personas and to test the limits of socially acceptable self‐presentation. Female boxers embraced the sport's physical combat as a strategy for getting ahead in a postwar Germany in which young women outnumbered the battle‐ravaged men in their age group and had increasingly to fend for themselves. Male boxers embraced the marketing potential of the sport by posing for early renditions of the male pin‐up photograph. Women often displayed themselves as “babes” in boxing trunks for the titillation of their public, but the men did, too. These boxers' carefully crafted public images popularized an ideal of working‐class toughness, the promise of upward mobility, and the allure of self‐invention in modern society.
Megan Moodie
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780226252995
- eISBN:
- 9780226253183
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226253183.003.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
The Introduction lays out the central themes of the book. It argues that the Dhanka, like other tribal communities in India, must undertake a great deal of imaginative work to occupy the tribal role ...
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The Introduction lays out the central themes of the book. It argues that the Dhanka, like other tribal communities in India, must undertake a great deal of imaginative work to occupy the tribal role through which they are recognized as worthy and needy of affirmative action benefits. One of the ways in which the Dhanka perform this balancing act is by narrating tribal-ness or “adivasi-ness” in the past tense through the phrase “We were adivasis.” The assertion that “we were adivasis” allows the Dhanka to both index their adivasi-nessand distance themselves from the stigma of primitivity or militancy by placing this quality of tribal-ness in the past. Understanding this basic Dhanka claim illuminates why they undertake the particular kinds of identity-building efforts that they have embraced in recent years, particularly their annual collective weddings known as samuhikvivahasammelan, Dhanka men and women must embrace stigma and backwardness in order to avail themselves of the benefits of ST identity, which includes the ability to enact the marriage and family practices of other, non-tribal middle-class Hindus; thus, their practices of collective aspiration have deeply gendered effects. The Introduction also introduces the Shiv Nagar Basti, a slum area in Jaipur, Rajasthan.Less
The Introduction lays out the central themes of the book. It argues that the Dhanka, like other tribal communities in India, must undertake a great deal of imaginative work to occupy the tribal role through which they are recognized as worthy and needy of affirmative action benefits. One of the ways in which the Dhanka perform this balancing act is by narrating tribal-ness or “adivasi-ness” in the past tense through the phrase “We were adivasis.” The assertion that “we were adivasis” allows the Dhanka to both index their adivasi-nessand distance themselves from the stigma of primitivity or militancy by placing this quality of tribal-ness in the past. Understanding this basic Dhanka claim illuminates why they undertake the particular kinds of identity-building efforts that they have embraced in recent years, particularly their annual collective weddings known as samuhikvivahasammelan, Dhanka men and women must embrace stigma and backwardness in order to avail themselves of the benefits of ST identity, which includes the ability to enact the marriage and family practices of other, non-tribal middle-class Hindus; thus, their practices of collective aspiration have deeply gendered effects. The Introduction also introduces the Shiv Nagar Basti, a slum area in Jaipur, Rajasthan.
Erik N. Jensen
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195395648
- eISBN:
- 9780199866564
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195395648.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History, European Modern History
Tennis players in the 1920s expressed an unabashed sexuality and visible pursuit of fine living that appeared liberating to many Germans after the years of wartime and postwar austerity. Male players ...
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Tennis players in the 1920s expressed an unabashed sexuality and visible pursuit of fine living that appeared liberating to many Germans after the years of wartime and postwar austerity. Male players lavished attention on their personal grooming, style, and romantic liaisons, in open defiance of the Prussian ideal of discipline and self‐control. Instead, they modelled an alternative masculinity around aesthetic sensibility and self‐indulgence. Female players, meanwhile, projected a new aggressivity in matters financial and sexual, as well as athletic. Some top players even flouted the sport's amateur imperative by turning professional, pioneering the use of sports as an avenue of upward mobility, and modelling the possibilities of the “self‐made woman.”Less
Tennis players in the 1920s expressed an unabashed sexuality and visible pursuit of fine living that appeared liberating to many Germans after the years of wartime and postwar austerity. Male players lavished attention on their personal grooming, style, and romantic liaisons, in open defiance of the Prussian ideal of discipline and self‐control. Instead, they modelled an alternative masculinity around aesthetic sensibility and self‐indulgence. Female players, meanwhile, projected a new aggressivity in matters financial and sexual, as well as athletic. Some top players even flouted the sport's amateur imperative by turning professional, pioneering the use of sports as an avenue of upward mobility, and modelling the possibilities of the “self‐made woman.”
Rachel Kranson
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781469635439
- eISBN:
- 9781469635446
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469635439.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
In the years after World War II, many liberal and left-leaning Jewish leaders expressed concern that American Jews would adopt conservative political values as the result of their economic rise. ...
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In the years after World War II, many liberal and left-leaning Jewish leaders expressed concern that American Jews would adopt conservative political values as the result of their economic rise. While there is little evidence to prove that Jewish upward mobility led directly to conservative political values, this fear of a rightward political shift continued to circulate. To the left-leaning leaders of postwar American Jews, this move toward Jewish conservatism – a shift that they saw as an inevitable consequence of Jewish upward mobility -- represented a betrayal of “authentic” Jewish values that were forged out of historical Jewish experiences of social and economic marginality. Less
In the years after World War II, many liberal and left-leaning Jewish leaders expressed concern that American Jews would adopt conservative political values as the result of their economic rise. While there is little evidence to prove that Jewish upward mobility led directly to conservative political values, this fear of a rightward political shift continued to circulate. To the left-leaning leaders of postwar American Jews, this move toward Jewish conservatism – a shift that they saw as an inevitable consequence of Jewish upward mobility -- represented a betrayal of “authentic” Jewish values that were forged out of historical Jewish experiences of social and economic marginality.
Alvaro Jarrín
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780520293878
- eISBN:
- 9780520967212
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520293878.003.0005
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Latin American Cultural Anthropology
This chapter examines the narratives of upward mobility through beauty that are interwoven throughout diverse forms of Brazilian media—from journalistic accounts of recently discovered models to the ...
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This chapter examines the narratives of upward mobility through beauty that are interwoven throughout diverse forms of Brazilian media—from journalistic accounts of recently discovered models to the carefully crafted storylines of soap operas and televised beauty pageants. It compares these accounts with ethnographic research among working-class parents who send their daughters to talent agencies or modeling schools. These girls' parents and teachers pin their hopes on performances of beauty because they understand the female body itself as a form of capital that promises a better future. This affective promise of a better future, however, becomes a moral injunction as well, sexualizing and racializing, in very particular ways, the poor women who are said to deserve upward mobility, emphasizing virtuous sexual behavior, European features, and straighter hair as essential components for success.Less
This chapter examines the narratives of upward mobility through beauty that are interwoven throughout diverse forms of Brazilian media—from journalistic accounts of recently discovered models to the carefully crafted storylines of soap operas and televised beauty pageants. It compares these accounts with ethnographic research among working-class parents who send their daughters to talent agencies or modeling schools. These girls' parents and teachers pin their hopes on performances of beauty because they understand the female body itself as a form of capital that promises a better future. This affective promise of a better future, however, becomes a moral injunction as well, sexualizing and racializing, in very particular ways, the poor women who are said to deserve upward mobility, emphasizing virtuous sexual behavior, European features, and straighter hair as essential components for success.
Amy Brown
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780816691128
- eISBN:
- 9781452952383
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816691128.003.0007
- Subject:
- Education, Educational Policy and Politics
This chapter details the author attempted an activist intervention during the summer following her first year of teacher-research at College Preparatory Academy. It explores the author’s ideas for ...
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This chapter details the author attempted an activist intervention during the summer following her first year of teacher-research at College Preparatory Academy. It explores the author’s ideas for humanizing pedagogy in resistance to the school’s participation in a troubling political spectacle. Drawing on Paulo Freire’s methods (1970), the author held a weekly “cultural circle” book club that met outside of the school with four former students, all young women who identify as African American. Students chose reading materials in the cultural circles (all urban fiction books) and chose to critically read the texts by looking at how race, gender, and power operated in the books. Students found the cultural circles to be an engaging experience, but were wary of a model of teaching and learning that was outside of school-sanctioned models of success —ostensibly color-blind meritocracy and upward mobility. This has important implications for teachers and researchers who attempt to find the contemporary relevance of critical pedagogy in an era of standards, accountability, privatization, and corporatization of schools.Less
This chapter details the author attempted an activist intervention during the summer following her first year of teacher-research at College Preparatory Academy. It explores the author’s ideas for humanizing pedagogy in resistance to the school’s participation in a troubling political spectacle. Drawing on Paulo Freire’s methods (1970), the author held a weekly “cultural circle” book club that met outside of the school with four former students, all young women who identify as African American. Students chose reading materials in the cultural circles (all urban fiction books) and chose to critically read the texts by looking at how race, gender, and power operated in the books. Students found the cultural circles to be an engaging experience, but were wary of a model of teaching and learning that was outside of school-sanctioned models of success —ostensibly color-blind meritocracy and upward mobility. This has important implications for teachers and researchers who attempt to find the contemporary relevance of critical pedagogy in an era of standards, accountability, privatization, and corporatization of schools.
Kate Vieira
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780816697519
- eISBN:
- 9781452954226
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816697519.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
The young adults in Chapter Four experienced blocked upward mobility, but not because of lack of English literacy, as is usually thought. Instead, their problem was papers. This chapter describes how ...
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The young adults in Chapter Four experienced blocked upward mobility, but not because of lack of English literacy, as is usually thought. Instead, their problem was papers. This chapter describes how concerns with papers infused young people’s everyday literacy experiences, as they wrote to pass both their classes and the border checkpoints that pervaded school and state.Less
The young adults in Chapter Four experienced blocked upward mobility, but not because of lack of English literacy, as is usually thought. Instead, their problem was papers. This chapter describes how concerns with papers infused young people’s everyday literacy experiences, as they wrote to pass both their classes and the border checkpoints that pervaded school and state.
Todd M. Michney
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781469631943
- eISBN:
- 9781469631967
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469631943.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
The story of white flight and the neglect of black urban neighbourhoods has been well told by urban historians in recent decades. Yet much of this scholarship has downplayed black agency and tended ...
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The story of white flight and the neglect of black urban neighbourhoods has been well told by urban historians in recent decades. Yet much of this scholarship has downplayed black agency and tended to portray African Americans as victims of structural forces beyond their control. In this history of Cleveland's black middle class, Todd Michney uncovers the creative ways that members of this nascent community established footholds in areas outside the overcrowded, inner-city neighbourhoods to which most African Americans were consigned. In asserting their right to these outer-city spaces, African Americans appealed to city officials, allied with politically progressive whites (notably Jewish activists), and relied upon both black and white developers and real estate agents to expand these "surrogate suburbs" and maintain their liveability until the bona fide suburbs became more accessible. By tracking the trajectories of those who, in spite of racism, were able to succeed, Michney offers a valuable counterweight to histories that have focused on racial conflict and black poverty and tells the neglected story of the black middle class in America's cities prior to the 1960s.Less
The story of white flight and the neglect of black urban neighbourhoods has been well told by urban historians in recent decades. Yet much of this scholarship has downplayed black agency and tended to portray African Americans as victims of structural forces beyond their control. In this history of Cleveland's black middle class, Todd Michney uncovers the creative ways that members of this nascent community established footholds in areas outside the overcrowded, inner-city neighbourhoods to which most African Americans were consigned. In asserting their right to these outer-city spaces, African Americans appealed to city officials, allied with politically progressive whites (notably Jewish activists), and relied upon both black and white developers and real estate agents to expand these "surrogate suburbs" and maintain their liveability until the bona fide suburbs became more accessible. By tracking the trajectories of those who, in spite of racism, were able to succeed, Michney offers a valuable counterweight to histories that have focused on racial conflict and black poverty and tells the neglected story of the black middle class in America's cities prior to the 1960s.
Jennifer M. Randles
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780231170307
- eISBN:
- 9780231543170
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231170307.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Marriage and the Family
This chapter shows how the healthy marriage classes I studied promoted skilled love as the essential link between marriage, financial stability, and upward mobility. It illustrates how the classes ...
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This chapter shows how the healthy marriage classes I studied promoted skilled love as the essential link between marriage, financial stability, and upward mobility. It illustrates how the classes taught about the connection between strong relationships and social class without acknowledging how economic deprivation and stress affect romantic relationships. The chapter concludes by highlighting how healthy marriage programs seek to change the relationship choices and behaviors of those in poverty without addressing their structural context.Less
This chapter shows how the healthy marriage classes I studied promoted skilled love as the essential link between marriage, financial stability, and upward mobility. It illustrates how the classes taught about the connection between strong relationships and social class without acknowledging how economic deprivation and stress affect romantic relationships. The chapter concludes by highlighting how healthy marriage programs seek to change the relationship choices and behaviors of those in poverty without addressing their structural context.
Christine J. Walley
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780226871790
- eISBN:
- 9780226871813
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226871813.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
Interweaving personal narratives and family photos with a nuanced assessment of the social impacts of deindustrialization, this book is one part memoir and one part ethnography—providing a ...
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Interweaving personal narratives and family photos with a nuanced assessment of the social impacts of deindustrialization, this book is one part memoir and one part ethnography—providing a much-needed female and familial perspective on cultures of labor and their decline. Through vivid accounts of the author's family's struggles and personal upward mobility, this book reveals the social landscapes of America's industrial fallout, navigating complex tensions among class, labor, economy, and environment. Unsatisfied with the notion that the author's family's turmoil was inevitable in the ever-forward progress of the United States, the book provides a fresh and important counternarrative that gives a new voice to the many Americans whose distress resulting from deindustrialization has too often been ignored.Less
Interweaving personal narratives and family photos with a nuanced assessment of the social impacts of deindustrialization, this book is one part memoir and one part ethnography—providing a much-needed female and familial perspective on cultures of labor and their decline. Through vivid accounts of the author's family's struggles and personal upward mobility, this book reveals the social landscapes of America's industrial fallout, navigating complex tensions among class, labor, economy, and environment. Unsatisfied with the notion that the author's family's turmoil was inevitable in the ever-forward progress of the United States, the book provides a fresh and important counternarrative that gives a new voice to the many Americans whose distress resulting from deindustrialization has too often been ignored.
Jessi Streib
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199364428
- eISBN:
- 9780190232450
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199364428.003.0009
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Stratification, Inequality, and Mobility, Marriage and the Family
This chapter concludes by reviewing the contributions of the book and their implications. The book advances the theory that individuals say they are initially drawn to their different-origin spouse ...
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This chapter concludes by reviewing the contributions of the book and their implications. The book advances the theory that individuals say they are initially drawn to their different-origin spouse due to their cultural complements. The book also argues that a new social organization of sensibilities maps college-educated blue-collar-origin and white-collar-origin’s default ways of going about daily life. Blue-collar-origin individuals tended to take a laissez-faire approach to their money, work, play, housework, time, parenting, and emotions, whereas white-collar-origin individuals take a managerial approach in each of these domains. The chapter draws out the implications of the systematic organization of sensibilities by class origin in several areas: the importance of sensibilities vis-à-vis tastes, the difficulty of transmitting culture across social ties, and the importance of divided sensibilities in creating within and between couple inequality. The chapter also includes lessons for scholars and policy makers regarding upward mobility, the perpetuation of social class inequality, and the effectiveness of policies that unite individuals from different classes in an effort to create cultural homogeneity.Less
This chapter concludes by reviewing the contributions of the book and their implications. The book advances the theory that individuals say they are initially drawn to their different-origin spouse due to their cultural complements. The book also argues that a new social organization of sensibilities maps college-educated blue-collar-origin and white-collar-origin’s default ways of going about daily life. Blue-collar-origin individuals tended to take a laissez-faire approach to their money, work, play, housework, time, parenting, and emotions, whereas white-collar-origin individuals take a managerial approach in each of these domains. The chapter draws out the implications of the systematic organization of sensibilities by class origin in several areas: the importance of sensibilities vis-à-vis tastes, the difficulty of transmitting culture across social ties, and the importance of divided sensibilities in creating within and between couple inequality. The chapter also includes lessons for scholars and policy makers regarding upward mobility, the perpetuation of social class inequality, and the effectiveness of policies that unite individuals from different classes in an effort to create cultural homogeneity.
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804781268
- eISBN:
- 9780804782661
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804781268.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
This chapter examines the urgent campaigns in Egypt to create a domestic market for locally produced cotton socks and shoes in response to boycotters. It shows that the drive to create a national ...
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This chapter examines the urgent campaigns in Egypt to create a domestic market for locally produced cotton socks and shoes in response to boycotters. It shows that the drive to create a national market independent of colonial domination developed as much from the particular trajectories of the expansion of local consumption as from the dynamics of European colonial dominance in trade and culture. The nationalist production sector, and the local elites who operated it, attempted in the late 1920s and 1930s to siphon the growing demand for ready-made footwear and hosiery to capture and control the mass consumption regime inaugurated by colonial forces in preceding decades. However, the elevation of Egypt's long-staple cotton as a national unifier would struggle against religious and class injunctions against silk and other luxury fabrics. Interwar shoe marketers also attempted to capture consumers with the promise of upward mobility, in this instance employing directly the language of foreignness, so maligned by boycotters.Less
This chapter examines the urgent campaigns in Egypt to create a domestic market for locally produced cotton socks and shoes in response to boycotters. It shows that the drive to create a national market independent of colonial domination developed as much from the particular trajectories of the expansion of local consumption as from the dynamics of European colonial dominance in trade and culture. The nationalist production sector, and the local elites who operated it, attempted in the late 1920s and 1930s to siphon the growing demand for ready-made footwear and hosiery to capture and control the mass consumption regime inaugurated by colonial forces in preceding decades. However, the elevation of Egypt's long-staple cotton as a national unifier would struggle against religious and class injunctions against silk and other luxury fabrics. Interwar shoe marketers also attempted to capture consumers with the promise of upward mobility, in this instance employing directly the language of foreignness, so maligned by boycotters.
