Lawrence Challis (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198507321
- eISBN:
- 9780191709319
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198507321.001.0001
- Subject:
- Physics, Atomic, Laser, and Optical Physics
The study of electrons and holes confined to two, one, and even zero dimensions has uncovered a rich variety of new physics and applications. This book describes the interaction between these ...
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The study of electrons and holes confined to two, one, and even zero dimensions has uncovered a rich variety of new physics and applications. This book describes the interaction between these confined carriers and the optic and acoustic phonons within and around the confined regions. Phonons provide the principal channel of energy transfer between the carriers and their surroundings and also the main restriction to their room temperature mobility. However, they also have many other roles; they contribute, for example, an essential feature to the operation of the quantum cascade laser. Since their momenta at relevant energies are well matched to those of electrons, they can also be used to probe electronic properties such as the confinement width of two-dimensional (2-D) electron gases and the dispersion curve of quasiparticles in the fractional quantum Hall effect. The book describes both the physics of the electron-phonon interaction in the different confined systems and the experimental and theoretical techniques that have been used in its investigation. The experimental methods include optical and transport techniques as well as techniques in which phonons are used as the experimental probe. This book provides an up-to-date review of the physics and its significance in device performance.Less
The study of electrons and holes confined to two, one, and even zero dimensions has uncovered a rich variety of new physics and applications. This book describes the interaction between these confined carriers and the optic and acoustic phonons within and around the confined regions. Phonons provide the principal channel of energy transfer between the carriers and their surroundings and also the main restriction to their room temperature mobility. However, they also have many other roles; they contribute, for example, an essential feature to the operation of the quantum cascade laser. Since their momenta at relevant energies are well matched to those of electrons, they can also be used to probe electronic properties such as the confinement width of two-dimensional (2-D) electron gases and the dispersion curve of quasiparticles in the fractional quantum Hall effect. The book describes both the physics of the electron-phonon interaction in the different confined systems and the experimental and theoretical techniques that have been used in its investigation. The experimental methods include optical and transport techniques as well as techniques in which phonons are used as the experimental probe. This book provides an up-to-date review of the physics and its significance in device performance.
L.J. Challis
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198507321
- eISBN:
- 9780191709319
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198507321.003.0001
- Subject:
- Physics, Atomic, Laser, and Optical Physics
While the physics of low-dimensional structures mainly involves their electronic properties, an understanding of the interaction between the electrons and holes and the phonons present within and ...
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While the physics of low-dimensional structures mainly involves their electronic properties, an understanding of the interaction between the electrons and holes and the phonons present within and around the confined layers is frequently needed if this physics is to be understood in detail. This introductory chapter gives examples of this and outlines the experimental methods that have been used to study the electron-phonon interactions. These include both optical and transport techniques and also techniques that involve the use of phonons as probes: phonon techniques. Phonons interact much more strongly with electrons than photons of the same frequency since their momenta are usually much closer to those of the confined electrons, and phonon techniques have been used to obtain information ranging from the confinement widths to the dispersion curve of quasiparticles in the fractional quantum Hall state.Less
While the physics of low-dimensional structures mainly involves their electronic properties, an understanding of the interaction between the electrons and holes and the phonons present within and around the confined layers is frequently needed if this physics is to be understood in detail. This introductory chapter gives examples of this and outlines the experimental methods that have been used to study the electron-phonon interactions. These include both optical and transport techniques and also techniques that involve the use of phonons as probes: phonon techniques. Phonons interact much more strongly with electrons than photons of the same frequency since their momenta are usually much closer to those of the confined electrons, and phonon techniques have been used to obtain information ranging from the confinement widths to the dispersion curve of quasiparticles in the fractional quantum Hall state.
Nikolai V. Brilliantov and Thorsten Pöschel
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198530381
- eISBN:
- 9780191713057
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198530381.003.0011
- Subject:
- Physics, Condensed Matter Physics / Materials
Under certain experimental conditions, granular gases behave as if they are effectively two-dimensional. Computer simulations are often performed for two-dimensional systems due to the limitations of ...
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Under certain experimental conditions, granular gases behave as if they are effectively two-dimensional. Computer simulations are often performed for two-dimensional systems due to the limitations of computer power. This chapter presents the corresponding generalized expressions for two-dimensional granular gases.Less
Under certain experimental conditions, granular gases behave as if they are effectively two-dimensional. Computer simulations are often performed for two-dimensional systems due to the limitations of computer power. This chapter presents the corresponding generalized expressions for two-dimensional granular gases.
Nikolai V. Brilliantov and Thorsten Pöschel
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198530381
- eISBN:
- 9780191713057
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198530381.003.0028
- Subject:
- Physics, Condensed Matter Physics / Materials
This chapter presents hydrodynamic equations for two-dimensional granular gases.
This chapter presents hydrodynamic equations for two-dimensional granular gases.
Marcus Giaquinto
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199285945
- eISBN:
- 9780191713811
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199285945.003.0002
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Logic/Philosophy of Mathematics
This chapter focuses on the cognitive resources needed for basic geometry. It argues that the initial geometrical concepts of basic shapes depend on the way we perceive those shapes. In having ...
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This chapter focuses on the cognitive resources needed for basic geometry. It argues that the initial geometrical concepts of basic shapes depend on the way we perceive those shapes. In having geometrical concepts for shapes, we have certain general belief-forming dispositions. These dispositions can be triggered by experiences of seeing or visual imagining, and when that happens we acquire geometrical beliefs. The beliefs acquired in this way constitute knowledge, in fact synthetic a priori knowledge, provided that the belief-forming dispositions are reliable. Aspects of two-dimensional space perception are discussed.Less
This chapter focuses on the cognitive resources needed for basic geometry. It argues that the initial geometrical concepts of basic shapes depend on the way we perceive those shapes. In having geometrical concepts for shapes, we have certain general belief-forming dispositions. These dispositions can be triggered by experiences of seeing or visual imagining, and when that happens we acquire geometrical beliefs. The beliefs acquired in this way constitute knowledge, in fact synthetic a priori knowledge, provided that the belief-forming dispositions are reliable. Aspects of two-dimensional space perception are discussed.
Terry Lyons and Zhongmin Qian
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198506485
- eISBN:
- 9780191709395
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198506485.003.0001
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Probability / Statistics
The concept of a differential equation controlled by a rough path can be motivated by quite simple examples. One such example is a linear system driven by two-dimensional noise. This example is ...
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The concept of a differential equation controlled by a rough path can be motivated by quite simple examples. One such example is a linear system driven by two-dimensional noise. This example is developed and an explicit answer is given to the question. Exactly what information should I extract from the driving stimulus or noise in order to accurately predict the response? The notions of a controlled system of Chen's iterated integral are introduced. The main notion in this book is the concept of a rough path. Almost all paths that one encounters in everyday life are only described approximately. Newton observed that a smooth path is actually quite well approximated by its chords. If one wants to describe a path γ over a short time interval from s to t, then it is enough to evaluate γ at these two times and consider the approximation that comes from replacing γ by the straight line with the same increment. This approach is not adequate if the control or path γ is oscillatory on the scale witnessed by the times s and t. If the path γ represented a text, then the chord is simply a word count. It turns out that a better description, one which takes into account the order of the events represented by γ, can be achieved by a description of γ that involves its first few Chen iterated integrals.Less
The concept of a differential equation controlled by a rough path can be motivated by quite simple examples. One such example is a linear system driven by two-dimensional noise. This example is developed and an explicit answer is given to the question. Exactly what information should I extract from the driving stimulus or noise in order to accurately predict the response? The notions of a controlled system of Chen's iterated integral are introduced. The main notion in this book is the concept of a rough path. Almost all paths that one encounters in everyday life are only described approximately. Newton observed that a smooth path is actually quite well approximated by its chords. If one wants to describe a path γ over a short time interval from s to t, then it is enough to evaluate γ at these two times and consider the approximation that comes from replacing γ by the straight line with the same increment. This approach is not adequate if the control or path γ is oscillatory on the scale witnessed by the times s and t. If the path γ represented a text, then the chord is simply a word count. It turns out that a better description, one which takes into account the order of the events represented by γ, can be achieved by a description of γ that involves its first few Chen iterated integrals.
George Em Karniadakis and Spencer J. Sherwin
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198528692
- eISBN:
- 9780191713491
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528692.003.0007
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Numerical Analysis
This chapter discusses the topic of non-conforming elements for second-order operators. It includes a comprehensive presentation of the discontinuous Galerkin method with a comparison of different ...
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This chapter discusses the topic of non-conforming elements for second-order operators. It includes a comprehensive presentation of the discontinuous Galerkin method with a comparison of different versions from theoretical, computational, and implementation standpoints.Less
This chapter discusses the topic of non-conforming elements for second-order operators. It includes a comprehensive presentation of the discontinuous Galerkin method with a comparison of different versions from theoretical, computational, and implementation standpoints.
Joram Lindenstrauss, David Preiss, and Tiˇser Jaroslav
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691153551
- eISBN:
- 9781400842698
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691153551.003.0015
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Analysis
This chapter presents the current development of the first, unpublished proof of existence of points Fréchet differentiability of Lipschitz mappings to two-dimensional spaces. For functions into ...
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This chapter presents the current development of the first, unpublished proof of existence of points Fréchet differentiability of Lipschitz mappings to two-dimensional spaces. For functions into higher dimensional spaces the method does not lead to a point of Gâteaux differentiability but constructs points of asymptotic Fréchet differentiability. The proof uses perturbations that are not additive, rather than the variational approach, but still provides (asymptotic) Fréchet derivatives in every slice of Gâteaux derivatives. However, it cannot be used to prove existence of points of Fréchet differentiability of Lipschitz mappings of Hilbert spaces to three-dimensional spaces. The results are negative in the sense that an appropriate version of the multidimensional mean value estimate holds.Less
This chapter presents the current development of the first, unpublished proof of existence of points Fréchet differentiability of Lipschitz mappings to two-dimensional spaces. For functions into higher dimensional spaces the method does not lead to a point of Gâteaux differentiability but constructs points of asymptotic Fréchet differentiability. The proof uses perturbations that are not additive, rather than the variational approach, but still provides (asymptotic) Fréchet derivatives in every slice of Gâteaux derivatives. However, it cannot be used to prove existence of points of Fréchet differentiability of Lipschitz mappings of Hilbert spaces to three-dimensional spaces. The results are negative in the sense that an appropriate version of the multidimensional mean value estimate holds.
Joram Lindenstrauss, David Preiss, and Tiˇser Jaroslav
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691153551
- eISBN:
- 9781400842698
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691153551.003.0016
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Analysis
This chapter presents a separate, essentially self-contained, nonvariational proof of existence of points of Fréchet differentiability of R²-valued Lipschitz maps on Hilbert spaces. It begins with ...
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This chapter presents a separate, essentially self-contained, nonvariational proof of existence of points of Fréchet differentiability of R²-valued Lipschitz maps on Hilbert spaces. It begins with the theorem stating that every Lipschitz map of a Hilbert space to a two-dimensional space has points of Fréchet differentiability. This is followed by a lemma, which is stated in an arbitrary Hilbert space but whose validity in the general case follows from its three-dimensional version. The chapter then explains the proof of the theorem and of the lemma stated above. In particular, it considers two cases, one corresponding to irregular behavior and the other to regular behavior.Less
This chapter presents a separate, essentially self-contained, nonvariational proof of existence of points of Fréchet differentiability of R²-valued Lipschitz maps on Hilbert spaces. It begins with the theorem stating that every Lipschitz map of a Hilbert space to a two-dimensional space has points of Fréchet differentiability. This is followed by a lemma, which is stated in an arbitrary Hilbert space but whose validity in the general case follows from its three-dimensional version. The chapter then explains the proof of the theorem and of the lemma stated above. In particular, it considers two cases, one corresponding to irregular behavior and the other to regular behavior.
Vladimir M. Agranovich
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199234417
- eISBN:
- 9780191715426
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199234417.003.0004
- Subject:
- Physics, Atomic, Laser, and Optical Physics
This chapter presents the microscopical theory of polaritons, being coherent superposition of one exciton and one transverse photon state. The dispersion of polaritons including the effect of spatial ...
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This chapter presents the microscopical theory of polaritons, being coherent superposition of one exciton and one transverse photon state. The dispersion of polaritons including the effect of spatial dispersion, the polariton mechanism of exciton luminescence, the dielectric tensor and a phenomenology of the long wavelength excitons are presented. The giant radiative width of smallwave vector polaritons in one- and two-dimensional nanostructures (‘polariton superradiance’), as well as an effective radiative lifetime of two-dimensional polaritons and its dependence on temperature are considered.Less
This chapter presents the microscopical theory of polaritons, being coherent superposition of one exciton and one transverse photon state. The dispersion of polaritons including the effect of spatial dispersion, the polariton mechanism of exciton luminescence, the dielectric tensor and a phenomenology of the long wavelength excitons are presented. The giant radiative width of smallwave vector polaritons in one- and two-dimensional nanostructures (‘polariton superradiance’), as well as an effective radiative lifetime of two-dimensional polaritons and its dependence on temperature are considered.
Francesco Calogero
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199535286
- eISBN:
- 9780191715853
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199535286.003.0004
- Subject:
- Physics, Theoretical, Computational, and Statistical Physics
In Chapter 4—the longer one in this book—a lemma is first introduced and several isochronous systems of ODEs encompassed by it are treated. One-, two-, three- and multi-dimensional isochronous ...
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In Chapter 4—the longer one in this book—a lemma is first introduced and several isochronous systems of ODEs encompassed by it are treated. One-, two-, three- and multi-dimensional isochronous systems of ODEs—many of them interpretable as many-body models—are then discussed, including several integrable and solvable variants of the “goldfish” many-body problem, nonlinear oscillators models, and two Hamiltonian systems.Less
In Chapter 4—the longer one in this book—a lemma is first introduced and several isochronous systems of ODEs encompassed by it are treated. One-, two-, three- and multi-dimensional isochronous systems of ODEs—many of them interpretable as many-body models—are then discussed, including several integrable and solvable variants of the “goldfish” many-body problem, nonlinear oscillators models, and two Hamiltonian systems.
Denis Bonnay and Paul Egré
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199234950
- eISBN:
- 9780191715846
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199234950.003.0005
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology, Philosophy of Language
Williamson's margin for error semantics for knowledge implies that knowledge cannot systematically imply knowledge of one's knowledge. Each new iteration of knowledge requires what is known to remain ...
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Williamson's margin for error semantics for knowledge implies that knowledge cannot systematically imply knowledge of one's knowledge. Each new iteration of knowledge requires what is known to remain true in worlds that are further and further away from the initial context of evaluation, including worlds where the proposition can no longer be true. In previous work, it was argued that this tension can be solved by means of a richer, two-dimensional semantics for knowledge, called Centered Semantics. This chapter shows that Centered Semantics can be translated into a standard semantics with actuality operators. It discusses the contextualist implications of the semantics, in particular, regarding the knowledge a subject might have of her margins of error.Less
Williamson's margin for error semantics for knowledge implies that knowledge cannot systematically imply knowledge of one's knowledge. Each new iteration of knowledge requires what is known to remain true in worlds that are further and further away from the initial context of evaluation, including worlds where the proposition can no longer be true. In previous work, it was argued that this tension can be solved by means of a richer, two-dimensional semantics for knowledge, called Centered Semantics. This chapter shows that Centered Semantics can be translated into a standard semantics with actuality operators. It discusses the contextualist implications of the semantics, in particular, regarding the knowledge a subject might have of her margins of error.
I. V. Kukushkin, J. H. Smet, and K. von Klitzing
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199238873
- eISBN:
- 9780191716652
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199238873.003.0008
- Subject:
- Physics, Condensed Matter Physics / Materials
This chapter analyzes the fractional quantum Hall effect and composite fermions in a two-dimensional electron system. The underlying picture of a composite fermion, a quasi-particle consisting of one ...
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This chapter analyzes the fractional quantum Hall effect and composite fermions in a two-dimensional electron system. The underlying picture of a composite fermion, a quasi-particle consisting of one electron, and two magnetic flux quanta is detailed and qualitatively illustrated. Detection of the comosite fermions in cryogenic transport and optical experiments is also discussed.Less
This chapter analyzes the fractional quantum Hall effect and composite fermions in a two-dimensional electron system. The underlying picture of a composite fermion, a quasi-particle consisting of one electron, and two magnetic flux quanta is detailed and qualitatively illustrated. Detection of the comosite fermions in cryogenic transport and optical experiments is also discussed.
Heinz Graafsma and Thierry Martin
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199213245
- eISBN:
- 9780191707582
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199213245.003.0010
- Subject:
- Physics, Condensed Matter Physics / Materials
Efforts are underway to optimize two-dimensional X-ray detectors, which have become a standard at synchrotron sources for practically all applications including tomography. Area detectors can be ...
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Efforts are underway to optimize two-dimensional X-ray detectors, which have become a standard at synchrotron sources for practically all applications including tomography. Area detectors can be divided into two main classes: in direct detection the X-ray photons are directly converted to an electrical signal via electron-hole pair creation, either in a semiconductor or in a gas; in indirect detection the X-ray photons are first converted into visible light that is subsequently converted to an electronic signal in the semiconductor. So far, the most effective, low-cost and low-risk solution for tomography has been indirect detection, where a scintillator converter screen is optically coupled to an integrating detector, either a commercial CCD camera, or a specially developed amorphous photodiode array. This chapter explains this technology and discusses the various components. It begins with a survey of the various existing types of X-ray conversion screens. This is followed by a discussion of the optical relays and the light sensors required to convert the light into a digital image.Less
Efforts are underway to optimize two-dimensional X-ray detectors, which have become a standard at synchrotron sources for practically all applications including tomography. Area detectors can be divided into two main classes: in direct detection the X-ray photons are directly converted to an electrical signal via electron-hole pair creation, either in a semiconductor or in a gas; in indirect detection the X-ray photons are first converted into visible light that is subsequently converted to an electronic signal in the semiconductor. So far, the most effective, low-cost and low-risk solution for tomography has been indirect detection, where a scintillator converter screen is optically coupled to an integrating detector, either a commercial CCD camera, or a specially developed amorphous photodiode array. This chapter explains this technology and discusses the various components. It begins with a survey of the various existing types of X-ray conversion screens. This is followed by a discussion of the optical relays and the light sensors required to convert the light into a digital image.
S. D. Ganichev and W. Prettl
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198528302
- eISBN:
- 9780191713637
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528302.003.0010
- Subject:
- Physics, Condensed Matter Physics / Materials
This appendix presents the spin splitting in the band structure of two-dimensional semiconductor systems, which is important for terahertz radiation driven spin-photocurrents. Rashba and Dresselhaus ...
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This appendix presents the spin splitting in the band structure of two-dimensional semiconductor systems, which is important for terahertz radiation driven spin-photocurrents. Rashba and Dresselhaus spin splitting are considered for quantum wells of various symmetries.Less
This appendix presents the spin splitting in the band structure of two-dimensional semiconductor systems, which is important for terahertz radiation driven spin-photocurrents. Rashba and Dresselhaus spin splitting are considered for quantum wells of various symmetries.
Benj Hellie
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195386196
- eISBN:
- 9780199866748
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195386196.003.0006
- Subject:
- Philosophy, General
How is the direct realist’s relational consciousness related to phenomenality? I develop a notion of reflective indiscriminability intended to answer to sameness of phenomenal character. Then suppose ...
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How is the direct realist’s relational consciousness related to phenomenality? I develop a notion of reflective indiscriminability intended to answer to sameness of phenomenal character. Then suppose that, in accord with the transparency of experience, reflective knowledge is based in demonstrative conceptualization of perceived properties: it follows that phenomenal properties project from demonstrative modes of presentation. Reflective concepts of phenomenal properties are derived by abstraction from reflective concepts of relational consciousness; while phenomenal properties shape the contours of reflection on relational consciousness.Less
How is the direct realist’s relational consciousness related to phenomenality? I develop a notion of reflective indiscriminability intended to answer to sameness of phenomenal character. Then suppose that, in accord with the transparency of experience, reflective knowledge is based in demonstrative conceptualization of perceived properties: it follows that phenomenal properties project from demonstrative modes of presentation. Reflective concepts of phenomenal properties are derived by abstraction from reflective concepts of relational consciousness; while phenomenal properties shape the contours of reflection on relational consciousness.
François Recanati
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199567881
- eISBN:
- 9780191722783
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199567881.003.0006
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind, Philosophy of Language
This chapter argues that singular thought about an object involves nondescriptive or de re ways of thinking of that object, that is, modes of presentation resting on contextual relations of ...
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This chapter argues that singular thought about an object involves nondescriptive or de re ways of thinking of that object, that is, modes of presentation resting on contextual relations of ‘acquaintance’ to the object. Such modes of presentation are analysed as mental files in which the subject can store information gained through the acquaintance relations in question. The paper shows that the mental‐file approach provides an answer to the objection from ‘acquaintanceless de re thought’ (to the effect that tokening a singular thought does not require being actually acquainted with the object the thought is about), as well as a solution to a vexing problem regarding the communication of singular thoughts: if singular thoughts depend upon contextual relations to the objects of thought, how can they be communicated across contexts ? What makes communication possible when the speaker and the addressee do not stand in the same contextual relations to the objects the speaker's thought is about?Less
This chapter argues that singular thought about an object involves nondescriptive or de re ways of thinking of that object, that is, modes of presentation resting on contextual relations of ‘acquaintance’ to the object. Such modes of presentation are analysed as mental files in which the subject can store information gained through the acquaintance relations in question. The paper shows that the mental‐file approach provides an answer to the objection from ‘acquaintanceless de re thought’ (to the effect that tokening a singular thought does not require being actually acquainted with the object the thought is about), as well as a solution to a vexing problem regarding the communication of singular thoughts: if singular thoughts depend upon contextual relations to the objects of thought, how can they be communicated across contexts ? What makes communication possible when the speaker and the addressee do not stand in the same contextual relations to the objects the speaker's thought is about?
Vittorio Pellegrini and Aron Pinczuk
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199238873
- eISBN:
- 9780191716652
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199238873.003.0012
- Subject:
- Physics, Condensed Matter Physics / Materials
This chapter reviews inelastic light scattering by low-lying excitations of two-dimensional quantum Hall fluids in semiconductor nanostructures at very low temperatures and large magnetic fields. It ...
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This chapter reviews inelastic light scattering by low-lying excitations of two-dimensional quantum Hall fluids in semiconductor nanostructures at very low temperatures and large magnetic fields. It shows that the optical methods yield unique access to the elementary excitations of a many-electron system in the quantum Hall regime. Measurements of charge and spin excitations for various values of the filling factor v are discussed.Less
This chapter reviews inelastic light scattering by low-lying excitations of two-dimensional quantum Hall fluids in semiconductor nanostructures at very low temperatures and large magnetic fields. It shows that the optical methods yield unique access to the elementary excitations of a many-electron system in the quantum Hall regime. Measurements of charge and spin excitations for various values of the filling factor v are discussed.
David J. Chalmers
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195311105
- eISBN:
- 9780199870851
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195311105.003.0006
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind
This chapter is mainly devoted to the conceivability argument against materialism, viewed through the lens of the two-dimensional semantic framework. The key issue is whether conceivability entails ...
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This chapter is mainly devoted to the conceivability argument against materialism, viewed through the lens of the two-dimensional semantic framework. The key issue is whether conceivability entails metaphysical possibility. The key opponent is the type-B materialist, who denies the entailment. Many objections and putative counterexamples to the conceivability-possibility thesis have been mooted: the chapter discusses fifteen or so putative counterexamples, along with ten or so objections of other sorts to the conceivability argument. It also sketches a positive grounding for the sort of modal rationalism that drives the conceivability argument.Less
This chapter is mainly devoted to the conceivability argument against materialism, viewed through the lens of the two-dimensional semantic framework. The key issue is whether conceivability entails metaphysical possibility. The key opponent is the type-B materialist, who denies the entailment. Many objections and putative counterexamples to the conceivability-possibility thesis have been mooted: the chapter discusses fifteen or so putative counterexamples, along with ten or so objections of other sorts to the conceivability argument. It also sketches a positive grounding for the sort of modal rationalism that drives the conceivability argument.
Gregory Currie
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199256280
- eISBN:
- 9780191601712
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199256284.003.0003
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Aesthetics
While wemight not have done many of the things we did do, Anna Karenina could not, surely, have been other than a lover of Vronsky. Not so: while it is true that ‘Necessarily, someone who was not a ...
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While wemight not have done many of the things we did do, Anna Karenina could not, surely, have been other than a lover of Vronsky. Not so: while it is true that ‘Necessarily, someone who was not a lover of Vronsky would not be Anna’, it is also true that ‘Someone who was necessarily a lover of Vronsky would not be Anna’. Uses a framework developed by Stalnaker to explain this, and to shed light on the semantics of fictional names.Less
While wemight not have done many of the things we did do, Anna Karenina could not, surely, have been other than a lover of Vronsky. Not so: while it is true that ‘Necessarily, someone who was not a lover of Vronsky would not be Anna’, it is also true that ‘Someone who was necessarily a lover of Vronsky would not be Anna’. Uses a framework developed by Stalnaker to explain this, and to shed light on the semantics of fictional names.
