Nadav Samin
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691164441
- eISBN:
- 9781400873852
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691164441.003.0002
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
This chapter discusses the twentieth-century history of Saudi Arabia through the biography of Hamad al-Jāsir. More than any other single person, al-Jāsir was responsible for shaping the modern ...
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This chapter discusses the twentieth-century history of Saudi Arabia through the biography of Hamad al-Jāsir. More than any other single person, al-Jāsir was responsible for shaping the modern genealogical culture of Saudi Arabia. The chapter examines al-Jāsir's life from his birth in 1909 in a central Arabian village to the beginnings of his genealogical project in the 1970s. It considers al-Jāsir's sometimes tumultuous relationship with his patrons in the Wahhabi religious establishment, his contributions to the development of the Saudi press and public culture, and his views on Arabia's bedouin populations and on the Arabic language. It also explores al-Jāsir's turn toward scholarship and the documenting of Saudi lineages in the last third of his life.Less
This chapter discusses the twentieth-century history of Saudi Arabia through the biography of Hamad al-Jāsir. More than any other single person, al-Jāsir was responsible for shaping the modern genealogical culture of Saudi Arabia. The chapter examines al-Jāsir's life from his birth in 1909 in a central Arabian village to the beginnings of his genealogical project in the 1970s. It considers al-Jāsir's sometimes tumultuous relationship with his patrons in the Wahhabi religious establishment, his contributions to the development of the Saudi press and public culture, and his views on Arabia's bedouin populations and on the Arabic language. It also explores al-Jāsir's turn toward scholarship and the documenting of Saudi lineages in the last third of his life.
Jeremy A. Greene, Flurin Condrau, and Elizabeth Siegel Watkins (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780226390734
- eISBN:
- 9780226390901
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226390901.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
Histories of medicine in the twentieth century are often illustrated with specific pharmaceuticals: antibiotics that defeated infectious diseases, vaccines that prevented childhood diseases, ...
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Histories of medicine in the twentieth century are often illustrated with specific pharmaceuticals: antibiotics that defeated infectious diseases, vaccines that prevented childhood diseases, antineoplastic drugs that fought cancers, cardiovascular drugs that helped stem the epidemic of heart disease, immuno-suppressants that made complex organ transplants possible, psychotropic drugs that controlled the demons of psychosis and lifted the veil of depression. These stories have become familiar catechisms of the biomedical present: they suggest sudden and dramatic forms of social change that followed in the wake of a series of magic bullets discovered over the course of the twentieth century. The collected essays of this volume seek to challenge the linearity of this historical narrative, provide thicker descriptions of the process of therapeutic transformation, and explore the complex relationships between medicines and social change. Working on three continents and touching upon the lived experiences of patients and physicians, consumers and providers, marketers and regulators, and many other actors and agents, the contributors to this volume cumulatively reveal the tensions between universal claims of therapeutic knowledge and the specificity of local sites in which they are put into practice. Collectively they ask: what is revolutionary about therapeutics?Less
Histories of medicine in the twentieth century are often illustrated with specific pharmaceuticals: antibiotics that defeated infectious diseases, vaccines that prevented childhood diseases, antineoplastic drugs that fought cancers, cardiovascular drugs that helped stem the epidemic of heart disease, immuno-suppressants that made complex organ transplants possible, psychotropic drugs that controlled the demons of psychosis and lifted the veil of depression. These stories have become familiar catechisms of the biomedical present: they suggest sudden and dramatic forms of social change that followed in the wake of a series of magic bullets discovered over the course of the twentieth century. The collected essays of this volume seek to challenge the linearity of this historical narrative, provide thicker descriptions of the process of therapeutic transformation, and explore the complex relationships between medicines and social change. Working on three continents and touching upon the lived experiences of patients and physicians, consumers and providers, marketers and regulators, and many other actors and agents, the contributors to this volume cumulatively reveal the tensions between universal claims of therapeutic knowledge and the specificity of local sites in which they are put into practice. Collectively they ask: what is revolutionary about therapeutics?
Alana Harris
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780719085741
- eISBN:
- 9781781706503
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719085741.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion
Drawing upon a multi-disciplinary methodology employing diverse written sources, material practices and vivid life histories, Faith in the Family seeks to assess the impact of the Second Vatican ...
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Drawing upon a multi-disciplinary methodology employing diverse written sources, material practices and vivid life histories, Faith in the Family seeks to assess the impact of the Second Vatican Council on the ordinary believer, alongside contemporaneous shifts in British society relating to social mobility, the sixties, sexual morality, and secularisation. Chapters examine the changes in the Roman Catholic liturgy and Christology, devotion to Mary, the rosary and the place of women in the family and church, as well as the enduring (but shifting) popularity of Saints Bernadette and Thérèse. Appealing to students of modern British gender and cultural history, as well as a general readership interested in religious life in Britain in the second half of the twentieth century, Faith in the Family illustrates that despite unmistakable differences in their cultural accoutrements and interpretations of Catholicism, English Catholics continued to identify with and practise the ‘Faith of Our Fathers’ before and after Vatican II.Less
Drawing upon a multi-disciplinary methodology employing diverse written sources, material practices and vivid life histories, Faith in the Family seeks to assess the impact of the Second Vatican Council on the ordinary believer, alongside contemporaneous shifts in British society relating to social mobility, the sixties, sexual morality, and secularisation. Chapters examine the changes in the Roman Catholic liturgy and Christology, devotion to Mary, the rosary and the place of women in the family and church, as well as the enduring (but shifting) popularity of Saints Bernadette and Thérèse. Appealing to students of modern British gender and cultural history, as well as a general readership interested in religious life in Britain in the second half of the twentieth century, Faith in the Family illustrates that despite unmistakable differences in their cultural accoutrements and interpretations of Catholicism, English Catholics continued to identify with and practise the ‘Faith of Our Fathers’ before and after Vatican II.
Jeremy A. Greene, Flurin Condrau, and Elizabeth Siegel Watkins
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780226390734
- eISBN:
- 9780226390901
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226390901.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
In this introductory chapter to the volume Therapeutic Revolutions: Pharmaceuticals and Social Change in the Twentieth Century, the editors review the utility of "revolution" as an analytic category ...
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In this introductory chapter to the volume Therapeutic Revolutions: Pharmaceuticals and Social Change in the Twentieth Century, the editors review the utility of "revolution" as an analytic category in the history of science, technology, and medicine, survey the different uses that historical actors have made of the concept of "therapeutic revolution" over the twentieth century, and introduce the common themes and goals of the volume: revisiting the history of therapeutic revolutions in modern medicine.Less
In this introductory chapter to the volume Therapeutic Revolutions: Pharmaceuticals and Social Change in the Twentieth Century, the editors review the utility of "revolution" as an analytic category in the history of science, technology, and medicine, survey the different uses that historical actors have made of the concept of "therapeutic revolution" over the twentieth century, and introduce the common themes and goals of the volume: revisiting the history of therapeutic revolutions in modern medicine.
Nils Kessel and Christian Bonah
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780226390734
- eISBN:
- 9780226390901
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226390901.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
In this chapter, the reading of historical market data from IMS Health suggests that the twentieth century therapeutic revolution was not a straightforward process of radical change with a clear cut ...
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In this chapter, the reading of historical market data from IMS Health suggests that the twentieth century therapeutic revolution was not a straightforward process of radical change with a clear cut boundary between an ancient regime and a new present. Instead, the authors delineate the multiple forms of therapeutic change that took place in different fields of therapy. This chapter sheds light on selected drug markets in a twofold manner. First, it investigates to what degree “revolutionary” medicines were present in pharmacy purchases in the 1960s and 1970s. Second, it analyzes markets for drugs that do not appear in the classical therapeutic revolution narrative. Antibiotics and cardiovascular drugs serve as examples of the former, and analgesics, hypnotics, and sedatives serve as examples of the latter. Approaching the therapeutic revolution from the less investigated perspective of sales, this chapter suggests that the therapeutic revolution narrative is highly normative. Like other progress narratives, it mobilizes a selective vision of a glorious past to legitimize action in the present and future.Less
In this chapter, the reading of historical market data from IMS Health suggests that the twentieth century therapeutic revolution was not a straightforward process of radical change with a clear cut boundary between an ancient regime and a new present. Instead, the authors delineate the multiple forms of therapeutic change that took place in different fields of therapy. This chapter sheds light on selected drug markets in a twofold manner. First, it investigates to what degree “revolutionary” medicines were present in pharmacy purchases in the 1960s and 1970s. Second, it analyzes markets for drugs that do not appear in the classical therapeutic revolution narrative. Antibiotics and cardiovascular drugs serve as examples of the former, and analgesics, hypnotics, and sedatives serve as examples of the latter. Approaching the therapeutic revolution from the less investigated perspective of sales, this chapter suggests that the therapeutic revolution narrative is highly normative. Like other progress narratives, it mobilizes a selective vision of a glorious past to legitimize action in the present and future.
Robert Blake and Wm. Roger Louis (eds)
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198206262
- eISBN:
- 9780191677052
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206262.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Political History
Winston Churchill was an extraordinary figure. There has never been anyone quite like him, and inevitably legends have accumulated. How can he be treated both realistically and fairly after so much ...
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Winston Churchill was an extraordinary figure. There has never been anyone quite like him, and inevitably legends have accumulated. How can he be treated both realistically and fairly after so much has been written about his controversial career by himself and others? This book provides a fresh look at Churchill and his role in twentieth-century history. Each of the authors in this book is an authority on at least one aspect of Churchill's life. The result is a fascinating interplay of ideas about his policies and motives. Some of it is critical and unflattering. Even the greatest of statesmen can make mistakes and misjudgements, and Churchill was at the centre of the political scene for more than half a century. Yet he emerges with both his integrity and his greatness intact. His achievement seems as remarkable as ever. The picture that is drawn by this lively and readable study is of an astonishing personality with some flaws, but also with immense strengths. The book provides a fuller understanding of how Churchill came to be, in A. J. P. Taylor's words, ‘the saviour of his nation’.Less
Winston Churchill was an extraordinary figure. There has never been anyone quite like him, and inevitably legends have accumulated. How can he be treated both realistically and fairly after so much has been written about his controversial career by himself and others? This book provides a fresh look at Churchill and his role in twentieth-century history. Each of the authors in this book is an authority on at least one aspect of Churchill's life. The result is a fascinating interplay of ideas about his policies and motives. Some of it is critical and unflattering. Even the greatest of statesmen can make mistakes and misjudgements, and Churchill was at the centre of the political scene for more than half a century. Yet he emerges with both his integrity and his greatness intact. His achievement seems as remarkable as ever. The picture that is drawn by this lively and readable study is of an astonishing personality with some flaws, but also with immense strengths. The book provides a fuller understanding of how Churchill came to be, in A. J. P. Taylor's words, ‘the saviour of his nation’.
Williams Caroline
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9789774249006
- eISBN:
- 9781617971006
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774249006.003.0016
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
This chapter integrates important topics into the mainstream of early twentieth-century Egyptian history. It gives a general overview of 1919–52 visual artistic expression, which depicts how painting ...
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This chapter integrates important topics into the mainstream of early twentieth-century Egyptian history. It gives a general overview of 1919–52 visual artistic expression, which depicts how painting and sculpture were critical to the articulation of a national image. It also provides valuable insights into the cursus honori of Egyptian artists during these years, who emerge as truly international figures. Artistic pioneers of the 1920s and 1930s viewed Egypt in ways distinct from the orientalists who preceded them. In the process, they established Egypt as unique among Arab countries. By also examining 1940s approaches expressing the subjective, psychological world of the masses, this chapter demonstrates Egyptian artists' intensifying social concerns toward the end of the monarchy, rendering the visual arts a key barometer of societal dynamics.Less
This chapter integrates important topics into the mainstream of early twentieth-century Egyptian history. It gives a general overview of 1919–52 visual artistic expression, which depicts how painting and sculpture were critical to the articulation of a national image. It also provides valuable insights into the cursus honori of Egyptian artists during these years, who emerge as truly international figures. Artistic pioneers of the 1920s and 1930s viewed Egypt in ways distinct from the orientalists who preceded them. In the process, they established Egypt as unique among Arab countries. By also examining 1940s approaches expressing the subjective, psychological world of the masses, this chapter demonstrates Egyptian artists' intensifying social concerns toward the end of the monarchy, rendering the visual arts a key barometer of societal dynamics.
Paschalis Kitromilides (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748624782
- eISBN:
- 9780748671267
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748624782.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Political History
Eleftherios Venizelos, Prime Minister of Greece, 1910–1920 and 1928–1932, could be considered from many points of view as the creator of contemporary Greece and one of the main actors in European ...
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Eleftherios Venizelos, Prime Minister of Greece, 1910–1920 and 1928–1932, could be considered from many points of view as the creator of contemporary Greece and one of the main actors in European diplomacy in the period 1910–1935. Yet the last book-length study discussing the man, his politics and his broader role in twentieth-century history, appeared in English more than fifty years ago. The aspiration of the present book is to fill this lacuna by bringing together the concerted research effort of twelve experts on Greek history and politics. The book draws on considerable new research that has appeared in Greek in the last quarter century, but does not confine the treatment of the subject to a purely Greek or even Balkan context. The entire project is oriented toward placing the study of Venizelos' leadership in the broad setting of twentieth-century politics and diplomacy. The complex and often dramatic trajectory of Venizelos' career from Cretan rebel to an admired European statesman is chartered out in a sequence of chapters that survey his meteoric rise and great achievements in Greek and European politics in the early decades of the twentieth century, amidst violent passions and tragic conflicts. Five further chapters appraise in depth some critical aspects of his policies, while a final chapter offers some glimpses into a great statesman's personal and intellectual world. The book offers a sense of the hopes and tragedies of Greek and European history in the age of the Great War and of the interwar crisis.Less
Eleftherios Venizelos, Prime Minister of Greece, 1910–1920 and 1928–1932, could be considered from many points of view as the creator of contemporary Greece and one of the main actors in European diplomacy in the period 1910–1935. Yet the last book-length study discussing the man, his politics and his broader role in twentieth-century history, appeared in English more than fifty years ago. The aspiration of the present book is to fill this lacuna by bringing together the concerted research effort of twelve experts on Greek history and politics. The book draws on considerable new research that has appeared in Greek in the last quarter century, but does not confine the treatment of the subject to a purely Greek or even Balkan context. The entire project is oriented toward placing the study of Venizelos' leadership in the broad setting of twentieth-century politics and diplomacy. The complex and often dramatic trajectory of Venizelos' career from Cretan rebel to an admired European statesman is chartered out in a sequence of chapters that survey his meteoric rise and great achievements in Greek and European politics in the early decades of the twentieth century, amidst violent passions and tragic conflicts. Five further chapters appraise in depth some critical aspects of his policies, while a final chapter offers some glimpses into a great statesman's personal and intellectual world. The book offers a sense of the hopes and tragedies of Greek and European history in the age of the Great War and of the interwar crisis.
Christopher Palmer
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780853236184
- eISBN:
- 9781781380659
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780853236184.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
This chapter analyzes Dick's most popular novel, The Man in the High Castle (1962). It argues that the novel reaches the limits of extrapolated recreation of history, and that it does this in the ...
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This chapter analyzes Dick's most popular novel, The Man in the High Castle (1962). It argues that the novel reaches the limits of extrapolated recreation of history, and that it does this in the course of its engagement with the dreadful, undifferentiating aspects of twentieth-century history, the way events are often so vast in scale and so indiscriminate in effects that anyone who contemplates them is afflicted with a kind of vertigo. The novel's moments of fellow feeling are explicitly connected to an ethic of the local and humble, which is Dick's recognition of the interdependence of realism and humanism, but they are narrated in the course of a series of attempts to sublimate the dreadfulness of twentieth-century history.Less
This chapter analyzes Dick's most popular novel, The Man in the High Castle (1962). It argues that the novel reaches the limits of extrapolated recreation of history, and that it does this in the course of its engagement with the dreadful, undifferentiating aspects of twentieth-century history, the way events are often so vast in scale and so indiscriminate in effects that anyone who contemplates them is afflicted with a kind of vertigo. The novel's moments of fellow feeling are explicitly connected to an ethic of the local and humble, which is Dick's recognition of the interdependence of realism and humanism, but they are narrated in the course of a series of attempts to sublimate the dreadfulness of twentieth-century history.
Nicolas Henckes
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780226390734
- eISBN:
- 9780226390901
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226390901.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
Most mental health professionals acknowledged the revolutionary nature of neuroleptics almost immediately after their introduction to psychiatry in the early 1950s. But stabilizing a consensual ...
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Most mental health professionals acknowledged the revolutionary nature of neuroleptics almost immediately after their introduction to psychiatry in the early 1950s. But stabilizing a consensual interpretation of their contribution to the field soon proved to be much harder. This chapter addresses the evolving, divergent, and at times competing narratives of revolution and counter-revolution in the field of North American and European psychopharmacology and psychiatry at large from the 1950s to the 1980s. Focusing on discursive constructions of change and progress, it locates revolutionary claims about psychotropic drugs within the dynamics of pharmacological innovation and industrial marketing, as well as within larger visions of transforming mental health care and changing societies.Less
Most mental health professionals acknowledged the revolutionary nature of neuroleptics almost immediately after their introduction to psychiatry in the early 1950s. But stabilizing a consensual interpretation of their contribution to the field soon proved to be much harder. This chapter addresses the evolving, divergent, and at times competing narratives of revolution and counter-revolution in the field of North American and European psychopharmacology and psychiatry at large from the 1950s to the 1980s. Focusing on discursive constructions of change and progress, it locates revolutionary claims about psychotropic drugs within the dynamics of pharmacological innovation and industrial marketing, as well as within larger visions of transforming mental health care and changing societies.
Scott H. Podolsky and Anne Kveim Lie
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780226390734
- eISBN:
- 9780226390901
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226390901.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
Fears of a post-antibiotic future date back to the very beginning of the antibiotic era. This chapter asks: what can we learn from the history of such expectations? The revolutions claimed in the ...
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Fears of a post-antibiotic future date back to the very beginning of the antibiotic era. This chapter asks: what can we learn from the history of such expectations? The revolutions claimed in the name of antibiotics and the crises envisioned regarding their usage and enduring utility provide instructive analytical lenses for understanding the history of expectations in science and medicine. The authors begin with a review of the major transformation in medicine ushered in by the advent of the antimicrobial wonder drugs and an examination of the futures claimed in their name. They then proceed to examine two intersecting strands of therapeutic reform (the first beginning in the 1950s, the second not fully taking off until the 1980s) justified by alternate antibiotic dystopias, before proceeding to more general reflections on antibiotics and therapeutic futures, past and present.Less
Fears of a post-antibiotic future date back to the very beginning of the antibiotic era. This chapter asks: what can we learn from the history of such expectations? The revolutions claimed in the name of antibiotics and the crises envisioned regarding their usage and enduring utility provide instructive analytical lenses for understanding the history of expectations in science and medicine. The authors begin with a review of the major transformation in medicine ushered in by the advent of the antimicrobial wonder drugs and an examination of the futures claimed in their name. They then proceed to examine two intersecting strands of therapeutic reform (the first beginning in the 1950s, the second not fully taking off until the 1980s) justified by alternate antibiotic dystopias, before proceeding to more general reflections on antibiotics and therapeutic futures, past and present.
Jeremy A. Greene
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780226390734
- eISBN:
- 9780226390901
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226390901.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This chapter traces how a new critique of differential access to therapeutics developed in American domestic health policy and approaches to international development over the course of the 1960s and ...
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This chapter traces how a new critique of differential access to therapeutics developed in American domestic health policy and approaches to international development over the course of the 1960s and 1970s. This is not a comprehensive global history of pharmaceutical disparities. Rather, it is an attempt to read the globalizing narrative of American pharmaceutical policy and international relations in close relation to one another in the old War era. It focuses on a few key episodes in which the voices of several stakeholders present in debates over the role of pharmaceuticals in health and development—physicians, patients, lawmakers, regulators, researchers, and manufacturers—became audible. All of these parties agreed that a veritable therapeutic revolution had taken place in the mid-twentieth century. All believed furthermore that the problem of uneven access to new and lifesaving drugs was an urgent and pressing issue for their times. They differed significantly, however, in their understanding of what kind of objects pharmaceuticals were, and how and why they moved or did not move across domestic and global scales.Less
This chapter traces how a new critique of differential access to therapeutics developed in American domestic health policy and approaches to international development over the course of the 1960s and 1970s. This is not a comprehensive global history of pharmaceutical disparities. Rather, it is an attempt to read the globalizing narrative of American pharmaceutical policy and international relations in close relation to one another in the old War era. It focuses on a few key episodes in which the voices of several stakeholders present in debates over the role of pharmaceuticals in health and development—physicians, patients, lawmakers, regulators, researchers, and manufacturers—became audible. All of these parties agreed that a veritable therapeutic revolution had taken place in the mid-twentieth century. All believed furthermore that the problem of uneven access to new and lifesaving drugs was an urgent and pressing issue for their times. They differed significantly, however, in their understanding of what kind of objects pharmaceuticals were, and how and why they moved or did not move across domestic and global scales.
David S. Jones
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780226390734
- eISBN:
- 9780226390901
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226390901.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
Evolution and revolution are both models of change over time. It is easy to see the appeal of a claim of revolution for scientists and for their historians: it pronounces a radical break from the ...
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Evolution and revolution are both models of change over time. It is easy to see the appeal of a claim of revolution for scientists and for their historians: it pronounces a radical break from the past, confident and triumphant. Progress is implied by the decisiveness of the rupture. Such rhetoric is good for marketing, especially when contrasted against the cautious gradualism of evolution. But evolution has its own appeals, especially its reassuring connotations of progressive improvement. It is not enough simply to debate what counts, or not, as revolution or evolution. Instead, much can be gained through serious engagement with the theory and language of revolution and evolution in pursuit of the best possible accounts of scientific change.Less
Evolution and revolution are both models of change over time. It is easy to see the appeal of a claim of revolution for scientists and for their historians: it pronounces a radical break from the past, confident and triumphant. Progress is implied by the decisiveness of the rupture. Such rhetoric is good for marketing, especially when contrasted against the cautious gradualism of evolution. But evolution has its own appeals, especially its reassuring connotations of progressive improvement. It is not enough simply to debate what counts, or not, as revolution or evolution. Instead, much can be gained through serious engagement with the theory and language of revolution and evolution in pursuit of the best possible accounts of scientific change.
Heiko A. Oberman
Donald Weinstein (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300098686
- eISBN:
- 9780300130348
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300098686.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
This book seeks to liberate and broaden our understanding of the European Reformation, from its origins in medieval philosophy and theology through the Puritan settlers who brought Calvin's vision to ...
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This book seeks to liberate and broaden our understanding of the European Reformation, from its origins in medieval philosophy and theology through the Puritan settlers who brought Calvin's vision to the New World. Ranging over many topics, it finds connections between aspects of the Reformation and twentieth-century history and thought—most notably the connection to Nazism and the Holocaust. The book revisits earlier work on the history of anti-Semitism, rejects the notion of an unbroken line from Luther to Hitler to the Holocaust, and offers a new perspective on the Christian legacy of anti-Semitism and its murderous result in the twentieth century. The book demonstrates how the simplifications and rigidities of modern historiography have obscured the existential spirits of such great figures as Luther and Calvin. The book explores the debt of both Luther and Calvin to medieval religious thought and the impact of diverse features of “the long fifteenth century”—including the Black Death, nominalism, humanism, and the Conciliar Movement—on the Reformation.Less
This book seeks to liberate and broaden our understanding of the European Reformation, from its origins in medieval philosophy and theology through the Puritan settlers who brought Calvin's vision to the New World. Ranging over many topics, it finds connections between aspects of the Reformation and twentieth-century history and thought—most notably the connection to Nazism and the Holocaust. The book revisits earlier work on the history of anti-Semitism, rejects the notion of an unbroken line from Luther to Hitler to the Holocaust, and offers a new perspective on the Christian legacy of anti-Semitism and its murderous result in the twentieth century. The book demonstrates how the simplifications and rigidities of modern historiography have obscured the existential spirits of such great figures as Luther and Calvin. The book explores the debt of both Luther and Calvin to medieval religious thought and the impact of diverse features of “the long fifteenth century”—including the Black Death, nominalism, humanism, and the Conciliar Movement—on the Reformation.
Elizabeth Siegel Watkins
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780226390734
- eISBN:
- 9780226390901
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226390901.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
Although much ink was spilt in the 1960s either crediting or blaming the pill for fomenting sexual revolution, it is clear from the historical record that the pill played only a supporting role as ...
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Although much ink was spilt in the 1960s either crediting or blaming the pill for fomenting sexual revolution, it is clear from the historical record that the pill played only a supporting role as one of many factors contributing to the liberalization and democratization of sexual behaviors and attitudes. It played a similarly auxiliary part in the revolutionary appeal of second wave feminist activism that swept the US in the late 1960s and 1970s. Yet the Pill, in concert with a host of other social, cultural, and political forces, helped to make women’s lives in the 1980s look very different from those of their mothers in the 1950s. By the 1990s, the pill had become part of the birth control establishment, prescribed and used more often than any other method of reversible contraception. Well past its revolutionary heyday, it still served as the standard to which newer methods were compared. This chapter explores the shift in the conceptualization of the pill from life-changing to life-enhancing, from revolutionary to commonplace, and the implications for the trajectories of women, birth control, and pharmaceutical consumerism.Less
Although much ink was spilt in the 1960s either crediting or blaming the pill for fomenting sexual revolution, it is clear from the historical record that the pill played only a supporting role as one of many factors contributing to the liberalization and democratization of sexual behaviors and attitudes. It played a similarly auxiliary part in the revolutionary appeal of second wave feminist activism that swept the US in the late 1960s and 1970s. Yet the Pill, in concert with a host of other social, cultural, and political forces, helped to make women’s lives in the 1980s look very different from those of their mothers in the 1950s. By the 1990s, the pill had become part of the birth control establishment, prescribed and used more often than any other method of reversible contraception. Well past its revolutionary heyday, it still served as the standard to which newer methods were compared. This chapter explores the shift in the conceptualization of the pill from life-changing to life-enhancing, from revolutionary to commonplace, and the implications for the trajectories of women, birth control, and pharmaceutical consumerism.
Charles Rosenberg
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780226390734
- eISBN:
- 9780226390901
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226390901.003.0012
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
Narratives of revolutionary change in biomedical therapeutics continue to have lasting explanatory power. This book as a whole engages the concept of therapeutic revolution developed in 1977 by ...
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Narratives of revolutionary change in biomedical therapeutics continue to have lasting explanatory power. This book as a whole engages the concept of therapeutic revolution developed in 1977 by Charles Rosenberg, who used the term to describe a fundamental shift between the beginning and the end of the nineteenth century in lay and professional understandings of efficacy, or what makes a medicine work. For Rosenberg, therapeutic efficacy was both historically contingent and locally specific; it mattered where, how, by whom, for whom, and within what cultural and cognitive framework a medical intervention was employed. This concept has since been extended and amended to account for changes in medicine in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries as well. In this chapter, Rosenberg revisits the concept of therapeutic revolutions as a durable preoccupation in the stories we tell ourselves regarding the modernity of our medicine. Reconsidering the same topic from a remove of nearly four decades, Rosenberg suggests how and why therapeutics have become such important things to think with, for historians, providers, and patients alike.Less
Narratives of revolutionary change in biomedical therapeutics continue to have lasting explanatory power. This book as a whole engages the concept of therapeutic revolution developed in 1977 by Charles Rosenberg, who used the term to describe a fundamental shift between the beginning and the end of the nineteenth century in lay and professional understandings of efficacy, or what makes a medicine work. For Rosenberg, therapeutic efficacy was both historically contingent and locally specific; it mattered where, how, by whom, for whom, and within what cultural and cognitive framework a medical intervention was employed. This concept has since been extended and amended to account for changes in medicine in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries as well. In this chapter, Rosenberg revisits the concept of therapeutic revolutions as a durable preoccupation in the stories we tell ourselves regarding the modernity of our medicine. Reconsidering the same topic from a remove of nearly four decades, Rosenberg suggests how and why therapeutics have become such important things to think with, for historians, providers, and patients alike.
Terry Phillips
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9781846310737
- eISBN:
- 9781846314476
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/UPO9781846314476.011
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century and Contemporary Literature
This chapter examines both the representation of Liverpool and the representation of Liverpool women at various stages of the city's twentieth-century history – from its Edwardian heyday, through the ...
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This chapter examines both the representation of Liverpool and the representation of Liverpool women at various stages of the city's twentieth-century history – from its Edwardian heyday, through the depression of the interwar years, the German bombing campaign of the Second World War, the economic downturn of the 1980s and 90s, to the contemporary resurgence of the city – within novels written by women over the last thirty years. The texts considered focus on the effects of these economic fortunes on the female inhabitants of the city, and include the works of Helen Forrester, Lyn Andrews, Katie Flynn, and Margaret Murphy.Less
This chapter examines both the representation of Liverpool and the representation of Liverpool women at various stages of the city's twentieth-century history – from its Edwardian heyday, through the depression of the interwar years, the German bombing campaign of the Second World War, the economic downturn of the 1980s and 90s, to the contemporary resurgence of the city – within novels written by women over the last thirty years. The texts considered focus on the effects of these economic fortunes on the female inhabitants of the city, and include the works of Helen Forrester, Lyn Andrews, Katie Flynn, and Margaret Murphy.
Micaela di Leonardo
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- June 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190870195
- eISBN:
- 9780190870225
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190870195.003.0002
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity, Culture
Chapter 2 uses autobiographical material to lay out radio/black radio and African American music history, from the 1950s to the present—across the West and East Coasts, the South, and the ...
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Chapter 2 uses autobiographical material to lay out radio/black radio and African American music history, from the 1950s to the present—across the West and East Coasts, the South, and the Midwest—particularly the 1980s generational split in black radio programming, in response to the rise of rap and hip-hop. The chapter also defines and lays out the related R&B-style Quiet Storm radio phenomenon. Tom Joyner’s career and the TJMS’s rise within that history are documented, and its evolving politics and crew members are described. The chapter summarizes the scant public-sphere attention this black radio giant has received.Less
Chapter 2 uses autobiographical material to lay out radio/black radio and African American music history, from the 1950s to the present—across the West and East Coasts, the South, and the Midwest—particularly the 1980s generational split in black radio programming, in response to the rise of rap and hip-hop. The chapter also defines and lays out the related R&B-style Quiet Storm radio phenomenon. Tom Joyner’s career and the TJMS’s rise within that history are documented, and its evolving politics and crew members are described. The chapter summarizes the scant public-sphere attention this black radio giant has received.
Steven Putzel
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780990895800
- eISBN:
- 9781781382400
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780990895800.003.0017
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism
Leonard Woolf’s long life and life-long involvement with international politics, law, and economics created a body of work that serves as a lens through which we can better understand virtually every ...
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Leonard Woolf’s long life and life-long involvement with international politics, law, and economics created a body of work that serves as a lens through which we can better understand virtually every major historical event and movement of the twentieth century. His willingness to take on controversial issues, to build policy arguments and express unequivocal convictions, and then to revisit and reassess these arguments and convictions as times and circumstances change, can still help us comprehend current events and controversies. The evolution of Leonard Woolf’s thoughts on Palestine, Zionism, and the State of Israel can help us navigate this international, national, and educational controversy in a broader historical context, and can increase our appreciation for the ways Woolf’s essays, letters, Labour Party white papers, and his autobiography helped to “write the world.” This essay examines Woolf’s evolving views from three vantage points: 1922, 1949, and 1968.Less
Leonard Woolf’s long life and life-long involvement with international politics, law, and economics created a body of work that serves as a lens through which we can better understand virtually every major historical event and movement of the twentieth century. His willingness to take on controversial issues, to build policy arguments and express unequivocal convictions, and then to revisit and reassess these arguments and convictions as times and circumstances change, can still help us comprehend current events and controversies. The evolution of Leonard Woolf’s thoughts on Palestine, Zionism, and the State of Israel can help us navigate this international, national, and educational controversy in a broader historical context, and can increase our appreciation for the ways Woolf’s essays, letters, Labour Party white papers, and his autobiography helped to “write the world.” This essay examines Woolf’s evolving views from three vantage points: 1922, 1949, and 1968.
Kenny Cupers
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816689644
- eISBN:
- 9781452949086
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816689644.003.0001
- Subject:
- Architecture, Architectural History
Chapter 1 describes why housing policies privileging industrialized production methods, large sites, and modern architectural forms came to prevail and how such policies entered into the purview of ...
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Chapter 1 describes why housing policies privileging industrialized production methods, large sites, and modern architectural forms came to prevail and how such policies entered into the purview of national modernization.Less
Chapter 1 describes why housing policies privileging industrialized production methods, large sites, and modern architectural forms came to prevail and how such policies entered into the purview of national modernization.
