Kathleen M. Blee
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199842766
- eISBN:
- 9780199951161
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199842766.003.0002
- Subject:
- Sociology, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change
This chapter introduces a conceptual framework for tracing trajectories of action over time that draws on four scholarly literatures. From studies of workplace task teams in organizational ...
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This chapter introduces a conceptual framework for tracing trajectories of action over time that draws on four scholarly literatures. From studies of workplace task teams in organizational psychology, it specifies how group-level phenomena matter in action trajectories. Concepts from cultural sociology are used to discern processes of meaning-making in groups. From path dependency theories, it includes ideas about the sequencing of action and from life course theories a way to identify turning points in action sequences. The chapter concludes by using this framework to analyze changes over time in an animal rights group.Less
This chapter introduces a conceptual framework for tracing trajectories of action over time that draws on four scholarly literatures. From studies of workplace task teams in organizational psychology, it specifies how group-level phenomena matter in action trajectories. Concepts from cultural sociology are used to discern processes of meaning-making in groups. From path dependency theories, it includes ideas about the sequencing of action and from life course theories a way to identify turning points in action sequences. The chapter concludes by using this framework to analyze changes over time in an animal rights group.
Jennifer Fisher
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195386691
- eISBN:
- 9780199863600
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195386691.003.0002
- Subject:
- Music, Dance
Jennifer Fisher provides a history of the “making it macho” strategy for men often employed in the dance world, which has been a response to the prejudices against ballet men throughout the 20th ...
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Jennifer Fisher provides a history of the “making it macho” strategy for men often employed in the dance world, which has been a response to the prejudices against ballet men throughout the 20th century and beyond. By looking at various rhetorical strategies in dance biography (Shawn, Nureyev, Bruhn), movies (Shall We Dance? The Turning Point), and television (So You Think You Can Dance), it foregrounds the frequency and futility of binary thinking in relation to masculinity as well as femininity when it comes to ballet performance. It references analysis of modern masculinity by Michael Kimmel and George Mosse, as well as dance analysis by Julia Foulkes and Ramsay Burt. It is suggested that, given the challenges for men in the feminized world of ballet, they trade the “macho” moniker for that of “maverick.”Less
Jennifer Fisher provides a history of the “making it macho” strategy for men often employed in the dance world, which has been a response to the prejudices against ballet men throughout the 20th century and beyond. By looking at various rhetorical strategies in dance biography (Shawn, Nureyev, Bruhn), movies (Shall We Dance? The Turning Point), and television (So You Think You Can Dance), it foregrounds the frequency and futility of binary thinking in relation to masculinity as well as femininity when it comes to ballet performance. It references analysis of modern masculinity by Michael Kimmel and George Mosse, as well as dance analysis by Julia Foulkes and Ramsay Burt. It is suggested that, given the challenges for men in the feminized world of ballet, they trade the “macho” moniker for that of “maverick.”
Ruth Cruickshank
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199571758
- eISBN:
- 9780191721793
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199571758.003.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism, European Literature
The book begins by defining the fin de millénaire aesthetics of crisis: the coincidence of the turn of the millennium in France with tangible crises; a convergence of exceptionalist and apocalyptic ...
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The book begins by defining the fin de millénaire aesthetics of crisis: the coincidence of the turn of the millennium in France with tangible crises; a convergence of exceptionalist and apocalyptic discourses; and the growth of the mass media and the global market, which generate and manipulate crisis. It foregrounds how the representation, appropriation, and subversion of the trope of the turning point are at once potentially challenging and problematic. This book identifies a culturally and temporally specific fin de millénaire double bind: how the risk of co‐implication of all critical discourses is redoubled by the manipulation of crisis by marketing discourses and media images. The Introduction establishes the book's aim to assess the enduring potential of French literature in the age of late capitalism to intervene in political and ethical questions. Finally, four contrasting major writers of prose fiction are introduced: Christine Angot, Jean Echenoz, Michel Houellebecq, and Marie Redonnet.Less
The book begins by defining the fin de millénaire aesthetics of crisis: the coincidence of the turn of the millennium in France with tangible crises; a convergence of exceptionalist and apocalyptic discourses; and the growth of the mass media and the global market, which generate and manipulate crisis. It foregrounds how the representation, appropriation, and subversion of the trope of the turning point are at once potentially challenging and problematic. This book identifies a culturally and temporally specific fin de millénaire double bind: how the risk of co‐implication of all critical discourses is redoubled by the manipulation of crisis by marketing discourses and media images. The Introduction establishes the book's aim to assess the enduring potential of French literature in the age of late capitalism to intervene in political and ethical questions. Finally, four contrasting major writers of prose fiction are introduced: Christine Angot, Jean Echenoz, Michel Houellebecq, and Marie Redonnet.
Rizwanul Islam
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199239979
- eISBN:
- 9780191716874
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199239979.003.0021
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter examines (i) the extent to which developing countries of Asia with surplus labour have been able to follow the East Asian model of development and employment through labour-intensive ...
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This chapter examines (i) the extent to which developing countries of Asia with surplus labour have been able to follow the East Asian model of development and employment through labour-intensive industrialization, and (ii) the factors that can explain the divergence in the experience, if any. It finds that a good number of developing countries in Asia are still far away from the Lewis turning point, and yet, employment intensity of growth is low and declining. It argues that in the current global context of trade and industrialization, the quest for competitiveness leads to a greater focus on technology and lower degree of labour intensity. Moreover, given the international focus on compliance and rights, flexibility in labour markets that characterized the successful countries of East Asia is no longer an option.Less
This chapter examines (i) the extent to which developing countries of Asia with surplus labour have been able to follow the East Asian model of development and employment through labour-intensive industrialization, and (ii) the factors that can explain the divergence in the experience, if any. It finds that a good number of developing countries in Asia are still far away from the Lewis turning point, and yet, employment intensity of growth is low and declining. It argues that in the current global context of trade and industrialization, the quest for competitiveness leads to a greater focus on technology and lower degree of labour intensity. Moreover, given the international focus on compliance and rights, flexibility in labour markets that characterized the successful countries of East Asia is no longer an option.
David Stone
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199247769
- eISBN:
- 9780191714818
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199247769.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
This chapter examines the demesne farm of Wisbech Barton during the early 14th century, a period often viewed as the demographic and economic turning point of the Middle Ages. It reveals that reeves ...
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This chapter examines the demesne farm of Wisbech Barton during the early 14th century, a period often viewed as the demographic and economic turning point of the Middle Ages. It reveals that reeves responded to the challenges of this time, including the agrarian crisis of 1315-22 and the price deflation of the 1330s and 1340s, with remarkable flexibility and proficiency. Annual changes to the acreage sown with cash crops were determined by actual and relative prices and this sensitivity to market forces helped keep farm income buoyant. Most importantly, the intensity with which land was farmed was deliberately reduced as economic conditions deteriorated, with the effect that crop yields were reduced. Soils at Wisbech may well have been less fertile on the eve of the Black Death, but the responsibility for this lay not with the overuse of land or a lack of technological knowledge, but rather with rational decision-making.Less
This chapter examines the demesne farm of Wisbech Barton during the early 14th century, a period often viewed as the demographic and economic turning point of the Middle Ages. It reveals that reeves responded to the challenges of this time, including the agrarian crisis of 1315-22 and the price deflation of the 1330s and 1340s, with remarkable flexibility and proficiency. Annual changes to the acreage sown with cash crops were determined by actual and relative prices and this sensitivity to market forces helped keep farm income buoyant. Most importantly, the intensity with which land was farmed was deliberately reduced as economic conditions deteriorated, with the effect that crop yields were reduced. Soils at Wisbech may well have been less fertile on the eve of the Black Death, but the responsibility for this lay not with the overuse of land or a lack of technological knowledge, but rather with rational decision-making.
Catherine Négroni
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9781847428608
- eISBN:
- 9781447307655
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847428608.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Research and Statistics
In this chapter, Négroni examines how the concept of "turning point" has been used in the literature: in the analysis of life-course changes including transitions and turning points; in the context ...
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In this chapter, Négroni examines how the concept of "turning point" has been used in the literature: in the analysis of life-course changes including transitions and turning points; in the context of role changes and becoming an “ex”; in examination of religious conversions; as a narrative dimension; and finally, as closely related to the notion of “bifurcation.” This review enables Négroni to advance her argument that the concept of turning point is best understood as a narrative concept, which enables action via phases of latency and decision-making. This argument is evidenced by her analysis of interviewees in France who have experienced bifurcation in their professional lives. She shows how bifurcation is an important addition to turning points, and uses the concept of turning point to contribute to a theory of action.Less
In this chapter, Négroni examines how the concept of "turning point" has been used in the literature: in the analysis of life-course changes including transitions and turning points; in the context of role changes and becoming an “ex”; in examination of religious conversions; as a narrative dimension; and finally, as closely related to the notion of “bifurcation.” This review enables Négroni to advance her argument that the concept of turning point is best understood as a narrative concept, which enables action via phases of latency and decision-making. This argument is evidenced by her analysis of interviewees in France who have experienced bifurcation in their professional lives. She shows how bifurcation is an important addition to turning points, and uses the concept of turning point to contribute to a theory of action.
David M. Day and Margit Wiesner
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781479880058
- eISBN:
- 9781479888276
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479880058.003.0008
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
Prior reviews of the criminal trajectory literature mostly excluded findings on the relation of criminal trajectory groups to later life outcomes, turning points, and desistance. To set the stage for ...
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Prior reviews of the criminal trajectory literature mostly excluded findings on the relation of criminal trajectory groups to later life outcomes, turning points, and desistance. To set the stage for the review of this literature, the chapter first draws on the broader literature to define key terms, such as desistance and turning points, and to describe influential theories of desistance from crime and empirical findings. It is argued that criminal trajectory research needs to better integrate with these independent strands of research to advance the understanding of desisting offender trajectory groups. The chapter also details how emerging, innovative methodological approaches for the examination of turning point effects can help strengthen future criminal trajectory research on these issues. Next, the findings of criminal trajectory studies on later life outcomes and desistance are reviewed. Future research needs are identified to move the field forward. Last, the chapter seeks to make the case for a programmatic agenda that ties criminal trajectory research to developmental science models of intentional self-regulation across the life span, such as tripartite Selection, Optimization, and Compensation theory from Paul Baltes, to help explore the role of human agency in the development of crime.Less
Prior reviews of the criminal trajectory literature mostly excluded findings on the relation of criminal trajectory groups to later life outcomes, turning points, and desistance. To set the stage for the review of this literature, the chapter first draws on the broader literature to define key terms, such as desistance and turning points, and to describe influential theories of desistance from crime and empirical findings. It is argued that criminal trajectory research needs to better integrate with these independent strands of research to advance the understanding of desisting offender trajectory groups. The chapter also details how emerging, innovative methodological approaches for the examination of turning point effects can help strengthen future criminal trajectory research on these issues. Next, the findings of criminal trajectory studies on later life outcomes and desistance are reviewed. Future research needs are identified to move the field forward. Last, the chapter seeks to make the case for a programmatic agenda that ties criminal trajectory research to developmental science models of intentional self-regulation across the life span, such as tripartite Selection, Optimization, and Compensation theory from Paul Baltes, to help explore the role of human agency in the development of crime.
Sara Cobb
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199826209
- eISBN:
- 9780199345335
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199826209.003.0008
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
This chapter offers an aesthetic framework that provides criteria for building humanizing narratives; these narratives are described as “better” than others because both because they are healthier ...
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This chapter offers an aesthetic framework that provides criteria for building humanizing narratives; these narratives are described as “better” than others because both because they are healthier than conflict narratives for relational dynamics and in terms of the materialization of subjectivity, but they are also “better” in the sense that they amend, reform, and redeem conflict narratives. The criteria for “better-formed” narratives, drawn from Arendt, Nelson, and Aristotle provide an aesthetics for both designing and evaluating the transformation of conflict narratives. Illustrative cases will include discussions of the conflicts in Guatemala and Amsterdam; additionally, the case of a violent conflict in a large family business will be presented.Less
This chapter offers an aesthetic framework that provides criteria for building humanizing narratives; these narratives are described as “better” than others because both because they are healthier than conflict narratives for relational dynamics and in terms of the materialization of subjectivity, but they are also “better” in the sense that they amend, reform, and redeem conflict narratives. The criteria for “better-formed” narratives, drawn from Arendt, Nelson, and Aristotle provide an aesthetics for both designing and evaluating the transformation of conflict narratives. Illustrative cases will include discussions of the conflicts in Guatemala and Amsterdam; additionally, the case of a violent conflict in a large family business will be presented.
Feiwel Kupferberg
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9781847428608
- eISBN:
- 9781447307655
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847428608.003.0011
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Research and Statistics
The concluding chapter provides a theoretical overview of the different dimensions of “turning points” and its relationship to conceptual insights offered by theorists including Andrew Abbott, Howard ...
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The concluding chapter provides a theoretical overview of the different dimensions of “turning points” and its relationship to conceptual insights offered by theorists including Andrew Abbott, Howard Becker, Pierre Bourdieu, Jerome Bruner, Michel Foucault, Helen R, Fuchs-Ebaughs, Anthony Giddens, Everett Hughes and Catherine Kohler Riessman. Kupferberg creates a descriptive typology for perceiving “turning points as a heuristic tool” and illustrates his analysis with the work of authors in this anthology, including the qualitative methods reflected here. He reveals the importance of integrating the notion of “event” into our comprehension of narrative and then builds an analysis of narrative devices (e.g. the narrator/character divide, the structurating factor of time, and the myth and modes of narration), which inform his argument about the promising role of turning point in the interpretation of narrative. In sum, he provides a discussion that integrates and reveals coherence in the diverse works included here, while providing a theoretical advance in the use of turning point.Less
The concluding chapter provides a theoretical overview of the different dimensions of “turning points” and its relationship to conceptual insights offered by theorists including Andrew Abbott, Howard Becker, Pierre Bourdieu, Jerome Bruner, Michel Foucault, Helen R, Fuchs-Ebaughs, Anthony Giddens, Everett Hughes and Catherine Kohler Riessman. Kupferberg creates a descriptive typology for perceiving “turning points as a heuristic tool” and illustrates his analysis with the work of authors in this anthology, including the qualitative methods reflected here. He reveals the importance of integrating the notion of “event” into our comprehension of narrative and then builds an analysis of narrative devices (e.g. the narrator/character divide, the structurating factor of time, and the myth and modes of narration), which inform his argument about the promising role of turning point in the interpretation of narrative. In sum, he provides a discussion that integrates and reveals coherence in the diverse works included here, while providing a theoretical advance in the use of turning point.
Alf Gabrielsson
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199695225
- eISBN:
- 9780191729775
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199695225.003.0025
- Subject:
- Psychology, Music Psychology, Social Psychology
In several earlier accounts, there have been glimpses of how strong experiences with music can have a therapeutic effect. It is, however, difficult to determine where the border might be said to run ...
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In several earlier accounts, there have been glimpses of how strong experiences with music can have a therapeutic effect. It is, however, difficult to determine where the border might be said to run between generally positive effects on well-being and health, and a ‘genuinely’ therapeutic effect — it is a question of definitions and of various considerations. This chapter presents a number of examples of experiences which the narrators themselves have described as decisive moments during a critical condition, something that came to be a turning point in a positive direction. Some narrators also use the word ‘therapy’ in their description of the experience. While therapy as a rule assumes the participation of a therapist — and this is true in different kinds of so-called music therapy too — there is no such therapist in these accounts. It is the music itself that is the active agent, the ‘therapist’. The music, so to speak, intervenes in the course of events and turns a negative state towards a positive direction. The accounts have been grouped into two sections. The first concerns the alleviation of physical pain; the second the alleviation of problems such as stress, uneasiness, anxiety, or depression.Less
In several earlier accounts, there have been glimpses of how strong experiences with music can have a therapeutic effect. It is, however, difficult to determine where the border might be said to run between generally positive effects on well-being and health, and a ‘genuinely’ therapeutic effect — it is a question of definitions and of various considerations. This chapter presents a number of examples of experiences which the narrators themselves have described as decisive moments during a critical condition, something that came to be a turning point in a positive direction. Some narrators also use the word ‘therapy’ in their description of the experience. While therapy as a rule assumes the participation of a therapist — and this is true in different kinds of so-called music therapy too — there is no such therapist in these accounts. It is the music itself that is the active agent, the ‘therapist’. The music, so to speak, intervenes in the course of events and turns a negative state towards a positive direction. The accounts have been grouped into two sections. The first concerns the alleviation of physical pain; the second the alleviation of problems such as stress, uneasiness, anxiety, or depression.
Efstratios Manousakis
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- December 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198749349
- eISBN:
- 9780191813474
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198749349.003.0012
- Subject:
- Physics, Atomic, Laser, and Optical Physics
This chapter presents a simple way to derive the semiclassical approximation of Wenzel, Kramers, and Brillouin (WKB). This approximation is valid in the limit where the external potential varies ...
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This chapter presents a simple way to derive the semiclassical approximation of Wenzel, Kramers, and Brillouin (WKB). This approximation is valid in the limit where the external potential varies smoothly over a length scale much larger than the particle local de Broglie wavelength. The chapter discusses the concept of asymptotic matching the WKB solution with the exact solution very close to the classical turning points.Less
This chapter presents a simple way to derive the semiclassical approximation of Wenzel, Kramers, and Brillouin (WKB). This approximation is valid in the limit where the external potential varies smoothly over a length scale much larger than the particle local de Broglie wavelength. The chapter discusses the concept of asymptotic matching the WKB solution with the exact solution very close to the classical turning points.
Karla B. Hackstaff and Feiwel Kupferberg (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9781847428608
- eISBN:
- 9781447307655
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847428608.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Research and Statistics
This sociological collection advances the argument that the concepts of “biography” and "turning point" expand our understanding of life experiences from a descriptive to a deeper, more abstract ...
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This sociological collection advances the argument that the concepts of “biography” and "turning point" expand our understanding of life experiences from a descriptive to a deeper, more abstract level of analysis. Theoretically, the collection addresses the manifold ways that we might refine the concept of “turning point” since Anselm Strauss introduced the notion in his 1959 book, Mirrors and Masks: The Search for Identity. The book addresses the conceptual issue of what distinguishes turning points from ages, stages, and life transitions in general and raises crucial questions about the application of turning points as a biographical research method and advances a dialogue with concepts offered by theorists from Andrew Abbott to Max Weber. Biography and turning points in Europe and America distinctive and significant due to its broad empirical database. It includes scholars’ work from nine different countries (Britain, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Russia, the United States and Venezuela), providing a number of contexts (from repudiating gang violence in Venezuela to constructing family narratives in lesbian lives in Britain) for thinking about how turning points relate to biography in an era following the narrative turn. The contributors articulate increasingly globalized concerns in the Western world regarding the identities and simultaneously structuration forces of gender, race-ethnicity, class, sexuality, migration, detention and religion – while they remain, nevertheless, grounded in the unique nations and communities included here. This enables sensitivity to variable constructs of significance that are associated with turning points—from bifurcation and biography to narrative and discursive analysis. In sum, this collection aims to advance a dialogue on turning points in the context of new developments in theory and method.Less
This sociological collection advances the argument that the concepts of “biography” and "turning point" expand our understanding of life experiences from a descriptive to a deeper, more abstract level of analysis. Theoretically, the collection addresses the manifold ways that we might refine the concept of “turning point” since Anselm Strauss introduced the notion in his 1959 book, Mirrors and Masks: The Search for Identity. The book addresses the conceptual issue of what distinguishes turning points from ages, stages, and life transitions in general and raises crucial questions about the application of turning points as a biographical research method and advances a dialogue with concepts offered by theorists from Andrew Abbott to Max Weber. Biography and turning points in Europe and America distinctive and significant due to its broad empirical database. It includes scholars’ work from nine different countries (Britain, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Russia, the United States and Venezuela), providing a number of contexts (from repudiating gang violence in Venezuela to constructing family narratives in lesbian lives in Britain) for thinking about how turning points relate to biography in an era following the narrative turn. The contributors articulate increasingly globalized concerns in the Western world regarding the identities and simultaneously structuration forces of gender, race-ethnicity, class, sexuality, migration, detention and religion – while they remain, nevertheless, grounded in the unique nations and communities included here. This enables sensitivity to variable constructs of significance that are associated with turning points—from bifurcation and biography to narrative and discursive analysis. In sum, this collection aims to advance a dialogue on turning points in the context of new developments in theory and method.
Phillip S. Meilinger
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780813178899
- eISBN:
- 9780813178905
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813178899.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Military History
The subject of decisive victory was another subject that caught my attention while at the Naval War College, where we would ask students to list Napoleon’s decisive victories. The term “decisive” is ...
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The subject of decisive victory was another subject that caught my attention while at the Naval War College, where we would ask students to list Napoleon’s decisive victories. The term “decisive” is overused, and too often engagements with only transient strategic significance—despite the number of casualties—were given the term. The number of truly decisive battles throughout history is few. The first step therefore was to define decisive, and the key was to identify victories having long-term significance. After defining the term, listed are what in my view are the Top Eleven throughout history.Less
The subject of decisive victory was another subject that caught my attention while at the Naval War College, where we would ask students to list Napoleon’s decisive victories. The term “decisive” is overused, and too often engagements with only transient strategic significance—despite the number of casualties—were given the term. The number of truly decisive battles throughout history is few. The first step therefore was to define decisive, and the key was to identify victories having long-term significance. After defining the term, listed are what in my view are the Top Eleven throughout history.
Cai Fang
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199698547
- eISBN:
- 9780191745522
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199698547.003.0017
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia, Macro- and Monetary Economics
Under a political economy analytical framework, this paper intends to help understand hukou system reform from perspective of unifying social welfare system of rural and urban areas. It reviews the ...
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Under a political economy analytical framework, this paper intends to help understand hukou system reform from perspective of unifying social welfare system of rural and urban areas. It reviews the progress of the hukou system reform since 2004. The paper suggests that as China met its Lewis turning point in around 2004, and labor becomes scarce factor of production, there has been stronger demand for hukou system reform. In the meantime, various levels of government have reached their incentives compatibility of carrying out the reform. The analysis on the demand for and supply of institutional changes comes to the conclusion that one can expect a much more thorough reform of the hukou system in the near future. The paper also explores some limitations of the currently implemented reform in some regions and puts forward relevant policy suggestions.Less
Under a political economy analytical framework, this paper intends to help understand hukou system reform from perspective of unifying social welfare system of rural and urban areas. It reviews the progress of the hukou system reform since 2004. The paper suggests that as China met its Lewis turning point in around 2004, and labor becomes scarce factor of production, there has been stronger demand for hukou system reform. In the meantime, various levels of government have reached their incentives compatibility of carrying out the reform. The analysis on the demand for and supply of institutional changes comes to the conclusion that one can expect a much more thorough reform of the hukou system in the near future. The paper also explores some limitations of the currently implemented reform in some regions and puts forward relevant policy suggestions.
Thea D. Boldt
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9781847428608
- eISBN:
- 9781447307655
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847428608.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Research and Statistics
Boldt investigates whether overt change like immigration is necessarily a turning point for the actor. Boldt examines a case study of a 50-year-old Polish migrant in Germany who exemplifies certain ...
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Boldt investigates whether overt change like immigration is necessarily a turning point for the actor. Boldt examines a case study of a 50-year-old Polish migrant in Germany who exemplifies certain biographical strategies when dealing with unexpected and sometimes dramatic biographical changes like migration. She analyses how the dynamics of turning points are connected to the phenomenon of ethnicization of biographical experiences and finds that, in this instance, it emerges with the need for personal belonging to an ethnic group. Most important, she argues that in case of migration biographies, we must recognize that biographical reinterpretation processes are not random and do not happen throughout the life course; instead, structures are more often reproduced or reiterated rather than transformed, and turning points are often centred on an initial turning point and are structured accordingly.Less
Boldt investigates whether overt change like immigration is necessarily a turning point for the actor. Boldt examines a case study of a 50-year-old Polish migrant in Germany who exemplifies certain biographical strategies when dealing with unexpected and sometimes dramatic biographical changes like migration. She analyses how the dynamics of turning points are connected to the phenomenon of ethnicization of biographical experiences and finds that, in this instance, it emerges with the need for personal belonging to an ethnic group. Most important, she argues that in case of migration biographies, we must recognize that biographical reinterpretation processes are not random and do not happen throughout the life course; instead, structures are more often reproduced or reiterated rather than transformed, and turning points are often centred on an initial turning point and are structured accordingly.
Nicki Ward
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9781847428608
- eISBN:
- 9781447307655
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847428608.003.0009
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Research and Statistics
Ward looks at changing family structures in modern society, in this case Britain, and asks the theoretical questions: how might turning points help public-private analyses?; what constitutes a ...
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Ward looks at changing family structures in modern society, in this case Britain, and asks the theoretical questions: how might turning points help public-private analyses?; what constitutes a turning point?; who has the right to define turning points? Ward takes a material discursive approach, and applies it to the biographic-narrative participatory method. A life story interview and a stage two analytic interview were conducted with nine women between the ages of 26 and 49 who identify as lesbian. Aiming to ascertain respondents’ starting points, Ward examines the narratives of lesbians in terms of their imagined life course trajectories, experienced contradictions, and their agentic responses. While she argues that turning points provide a useful focus of analysis in research that seeks to explore the interaction between public and private discourses and identity, she also contends that we need to consider ethically whether scholars, in contrast to participants, have the right to define turning points.Less
Ward looks at changing family structures in modern society, in this case Britain, and asks the theoretical questions: how might turning points help public-private analyses?; what constitutes a turning point?; who has the right to define turning points? Ward takes a material discursive approach, and applies it to the biographic-narrative participatory method. A life story interview and a stage two analytic interview were conducted with nine women between the ages of 26 and 49 who identify as lesbian. Aiming to ascertain respondents’ starting points, Ward examines the narratives of lesbians in terms of their imagined life course trajectories, experienced contradictions, and their agentic responses. While she argues that turning points provide a useful focus of analysis in research that seeks to explore the interaction between public and private discourses and identity, she also contends that we need to consider ethically whether scholars, in contrast to participants, have the right to define turning points.
Doris Sommer
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823229192
- eISBN:
- 9780823235063
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fso/9780823229192.003.0013
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind
This chapter argues that it is important that people find ways of developing “best cultural practices,” that enable the humanities and humanists to engage with and activate the public sphere, and ...
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This chapter argues that it is important that people find ways of developing “best cultural practices,” that enable the humanities and humanists to engage with and activate the public sphere, and thus move beyond the insight afforded by critical practices that usually offer critique while leading to inaction. It provides several examples in support of its argument, which include Antanas Mockus, artist and mayor of Bogotá; and Augusto Boal, founder of “Theater of the Oppressed” and “Forum Theater” and twice councilman of Rio de Janeiro.Less
This chapter argues that it is important that people find ways of developing “best cultural practices,” that enable the humanities and humanists to engage with and activate the public sphere, and thus move beyond the insight afforded by critical practices that usually offer critique while leading to inaction. It provides several examples in support of its argument, which include Antanas Mockus, artist and mayor of Bogotá; and Augusto Boal, founder of “Theater of the Oppressed” and “Forum Theater” and twice councilman of Rio de Janeiro.
Liana Ipatova
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9781847428608
- eISBN:
- 9781447307655
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847428608.003.0010
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Research and Statistics
Ipatova examines the growth religious conversion among Orthodox believers in Russia at the end of the 20th century. The study and analysis involves 30 biographical interviews with women between 20 to ...
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Ipatova examines the growth religious conversion among Orthodox believers in Russia at the end of the 20th century. The study and analysis involves 30 biographical interviews with women between 20 to 50 years of age, who have been Orthodox Church members for at least one year; and it uses 78 self-narratives about the conversion to Orthodoxy that were drawn from the Internet. Using a refined definition of religious conversion, Ipatova finds that confession is central to the process as it requires the individual to re-evaluate their secular life, and adjust their current and future biographical projects to orthodox values. On the basis of the biographical narratives, four types of turns in religious biographies are developed: the radical turn, the gradual reciprocating turn, the gradual stage-related turn, and a ceremonial transition.Whether these biographical turns are turning points or not is discussed, as the author concludes that the meaning of rites associated with conversion are determined less by normative form, and more by the previous biographical context of the person who must confess to convert.Less
Ipatova examines the growth religious conversion among Orthodox believers in Russia at the end of the 20th century. The study and analysis involves 30 biographical interviews with women between 20 to 50 years of age, who have been Orthodox Church members for at least one year; and it uses 78 self-narratives about the conversion to Orthodoxy that were drawn from the Internet. Using a refined definition of religious conversion, Ipatova finds that confession is central to the process as it requires the individual to re-evaluate their secular life, and adjust their current and future biographical projects to orthodox values. On the basis of the biographical narratives, four types of turns in religious biographies are developed: the radical turn, the gradual reciprocating turn, the gradual stage-related turn, and a ceremonial transition.Whether these biographical turns are turning points or not is discussed, as the author concludes that the meaning of rites associated with conversion are determined less by normative form, and more by the previous biographical context of the person who must confess to convert.
Feiwel Kupferberg
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9781847428608
- eISBN:
- 9781447307655
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847428608.003.0002
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Research and Statistics
In this chapter, Kupferberg’s examines empirically the process of becoming an artist in Northern Jutland in Denmark, while engaging theoretical and methodological debates. He argues that analysing ...
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In this chapter, Kupferberg’s examines empirically the process of becoming an artist in Northern Jutland in Denmark, while engaging theoretical and methodological debates. He argues that analysing artists in terms of sociological concepts like “careers” is not enough. He illustrates how the methodological tension between the arts and social sciences on the construction of knowledge can help reveal that the narrative method—including accounts of turning points— is a communicative act that may be located in the interstices of interaction. Importantly, he reveals that key turning points may remain unspoken—a kind of evidence largely overlooked in research. He shows that turning points depend on networks of interaction, and one of the more significant turning points in an artist’s career is when another establishes a permanent collection of the artist’s work—though this is never actually stated. He argues that turning points and ideas like creativity will be better understood by sociologists, the more that they open their analyses to communication; he contends that communicative acts in art tend to be disinterested and direct, in contrast to social science, where they tend to be definitive and reflexively purposive.Less
In this chapter, Kupferberg’s examines empirically the process of becoming an artist in Northern Jutland in Denmark, while engaging theoretical and methodological debates. He argues that analysing artists in terms of sociological concepts like “careers” is not enough. He illustrates how the methodological tension between the arts and social sciences on the construction of knowledge can help reveal that the narrative method—including accounts of turning points— is a communicative act that may be located in the interstices of interaction. Importantly, he reveals that key turning points may remain unspoken—a kind of evidence largely overlooked in research. He shows that turning points depend on networks of interaction, and one of the more significant turning points in an artist’s career is when another establishes a permanent collection of the artist’s work—though this is never actually stated. He argues that turning points and ideas like creativity will be better understood by sociologists, the more that they open their analyses to communication; he contends that communicative acts in art tend to be disinterested and direct, in contrast to social science, where they tend to be definitive and reflexively purposive.
Gerhard Jost
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9781847428608
- eISBN:
- 9781447307655
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847428608.003.0006
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Research and Statistics
Jost analyses how children cope with the loss of a parent during childhood and its lifelong consequences, as seen in the structuring of life stories. Jost argues that if we examine life events as ...
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Jost analyses how children cope with the loss of a parent during childhood and its lifelong consequences, as seen in the structuring of life stories. Jost argues that if we examine life events as experienced during childhood, then we can contribute to a better understanding of "turning points" since children have a different range of action and have a sense of time more protracted than adults. His analysis of three case studies is drawn from interviews that were conducted in Germany with 35- to 48-year-olds who had lost their father or mother between the ages of 0 and 14. He finds that a critical life event like parental loss offers extensive, but not exclusive, potential for structuring the concerned person's life story; in some life stories, it is an essential turning point, while in other life stories, other events play an equally important role. As life proceeds, new events can evoke the earlier turning points in both positive and painful ways.Less
Jost analyses how children cope with the loss of a parent during childhood and its lifelong consequences, as seen in the structuring of life stories. Jost argues that if we examine life events as experienced during childhood, then we can contribute to a better understanding of "turning points" since children have a different range of action and have a sense of time more protracted than adults. His analysis of three case studies is drawn from interviews that were conducted in Germany with 35- to 48-year-olds who had lost their father or mother between the ages of 0 and 14. He finds that a critical life event like parental loss offers extensive, but not exclusive, potential for structuring the concerned person's life story; in some life stories, it is an essential turning point, while in other life stories, other events play an equally important role. As life proceeds, new events can evoke the earlier turning points in both positive and painful ways.
