Nanshan Zhong and Guangqiao Zeng
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198568193
- eISBN:
- 9780191718175
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198568193.003.0005
- Subject:
- Biology, Disease Ecology / Epidemiology
SARS originated from the Guangdong province of China where it emerged in the autumn of 2002. This chapter presents data that show that there may have been interspecies transmission between wild ...
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SARS originated from the Guangdong province of China where it emerged in the autumn of 2002. This chapter presents data that show that there may have been interspecies transmission between wild animals (e.g., Himalayan Palm Civets) and human beings. It describes the ensuing public health measures that were implemented, the treatment of cases, and the development of an inactivated SARS vaccine.Less
SARS originated from the Guangdong province of China where it emerged in the autumn of 2002. This chapter presents data that show that there may have been interspecies transmission between wild animals (e.g., Himalayan Palm Civets) and human beings. It describes the ensuing public health measures that were implemented, the treatment of cases, and the development of an inactivated SARS vaccine.
Patrick Dattalo
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195378351
- eISBN:
- 9780199864645
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195378351.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation
Random sampling (RS) and random assignment (RA) are considered by many researchers to be the definitive methodological procedures for maximizing external and internal validity. However, there is a ...
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Random sampling (RS) and random assignment (RA) are considered by many researchers to be the definitive methodological procedures for maximizing external and internal validity. However, there is a daunting list of legal, ethical, and practical barriers to implementing RS and RA. While there are no easy ways to overcome these barriers, social workers should seek and utilize strategies that minimize sampling and assignment bias. This book is a single source of a diverse set of tools that will maximize a study's validity when RS and RA are neither possible nor practical. Readers are guided in selecting and implementing an appropriate strategy, including exemplar sampling, sequential sampling, randomization tests, multiple imputation, mean-score logistic regression, partial randomization, constructed comparison groups, propensity scores, and instrumental variables methods. Each approach is presented in such a way as to highlight its underlying assumptions, implementation strategies, and strengths and weaknesses.Less
Random sampling (RS) and random assignment (RA) are considered by many researchers to be the definitive methodological procedures for maximizing external and internal validity. However, there is a daunting list of legal, ethical, and practical barriers to implementing RS and RA. While there are no easy ways to overcome these barriers, social workers should seek and utilize strategies that minimize sampling and assignment bias. This book is a single source of a diverse set of tools that will maximize a study's validity when RS and RA are neither possible nor practical. Readers are guided in selecting and implementing an appropriate strategy, including exemplar sampling, sequential sampling, randomization tests, multiple imputation, mean-score logistic regression, partial randomization, constructed comparison groups, propensity scores, and instrumental variables methods. Each approach is presented in such a way as to highlight its underlying assumptions, implementation strategies, and strengths and weaknesses.
Nicholas J. J. Smith
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199233007
- eISBN:
- 9780191716430
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199233007.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology, Logic/Philosophy of Mathematics
This book argues that an adequate account of vagueness must involve degrees of truth. The basic idea of degrees of truth is that while some sentences are true and some are false, others possess ...
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This book argues that an adequate account of vagueness must involve degrees of truth. The basic idea of degrees of truth is that while some sentences are true and some are false, others possess intermediate truth values: they are truer than the false sentences, but not as true as the true ones. This idea is immediately appealing in the context of vagueness — yet it has fallen on hard times in the philosophical literature, with existing degree-theoretic treatments of vagueness facing apparently insuperable objections. The book seeks to turn the tide in favour of a degree-theoretic treatment of vagueness, by motivating and defending the basic idea that truth can come in degrees, by arguing that no theory of vagueness that does not countenance degrees of truth can be correct, and by developing a new degree-theoretic treatment of vagueness — fuzzy plurivaluationism — that solves the problems plaguing earlier degree theories.Less
This book argues that an adequate account of vagueness must involve degrees of truth. The basic idea of degrees of truth is that while some sentences are true and some are false, others possess intermediate truth values: they are truer than the false sentences, but not as true as the true ones. This idea is immediately appealing in the context of vagueness — yet it has fallen on hard times in the philosophical literature, with existing degree-theoretic treatments of vagueness facing apparently insuperable objections. The book seeks to turn the tide in favour of a degree-theoretic treatment of vagueness, by motivating and defending the basic idea that truth can come in degrees, by arguing that no theory of vagueness that does not countenance degrees of truth can be correct, and by developing a new degree-theoretic treatment of vagueness — fuzzy plurivaluationism — that solves the problems plaguing earlier degree theories.
Donna Yarri
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- July 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195181791
- eISBN:
- 9780199835744
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195181794.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
The ethical treatment of animals is one of serious academic interest today. Specifically, both the practice of animal experimentation and ethical concerns about it have a long history, going ...
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The ethical treatment of animals is one of serious academic interest today. Specifically, both the practice of animal experimentation and ethical concerns about it have a long history, going virtually back to the ancient Greek period and continuing to the present day. With new breakthroughs in science and technology, it is likely that this practice will be with us for a long time to come. Thus, this book provides an interdisciplinary approach to the topic by utilizing the insights of cognitive ethology, philosophy, science, and Christian theology in order to present a benign approach to the ethical treatment of experimental animals. The reality and existence of animal minds, animal pain, and animal suffering provide the foundation for animal rights, and subsequently, for more positive treatment. Concrete suggestions are offered with regard to more humane animal legislation, improved animal husbandry conditions, as well as concrete guidelines that offset the burdens to animals against the benefits to humans. The ultimate result is a more humane practice in experimentation, modeled somewhat on the practice of pet keeping, in which experimental animals are viewed not only as having instrumental value but intrinsic value as well.Less
The ethical treatment of animals is one of serious academic interest today. Specifically, both the practice of animal experimentation and ethical concerns about it have a long history, going virtually back to the ancient Greek period and continuing to the present day. With new breakthroughs in science and technology, it is likely that this practice will be with us for a long time to come. Thus, this book provides an interdisciplinary approach to the topic by utilizing the insights of cognitive ethology, philosophy, science, and Christian theology in order to present a benign approach to the ethical treatment of experimental animals. The reality and existence of animal minds, animal pain, and animal suffering provide the foundation for animal rights, and subsequently, for more positive treatment. Concrete suggestions are offered with regard to more humane animal legislation, improved animal husbandry conditions, as well as concrete guidelines that offset the burdens to animals against the benefits to humans. The ultimate result is a more humane practice in experimentation, modeled somewhat on the practice of pet keeping, in which experimental animals are viewed not only as having instrumental value but intrinsic value as well.
Barbara J. Burns and Kimberly Hoagwood (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195134575
- eISBN:
- 9780199864065
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195134575.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Health and Mental Health, Communities and Organizations
This book presents innovative interventions for youth with severe emotional and behavioral disorders. The book is designed to fill a gap between the knowledge base and clinical practice through its ...
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This book presents innovative interventions for youth with severe emotional and behavioral disorders. The book is designed to fill a gap between the knowledge base and clinical practice through its presentation of theory, practice parameters, training requirements, and research evidence. Featuring community-based and state-of-the-art services for youth with severe emotional and behavioral disorders and their families, this book describes each intervention in depth, along with the supporting evidence for its utility. Most chapters present a single intervention as an alternative to institutional care. Shared characteristics of these interventions include delivery of services in the community (homes, schools, and neighborhoods) provided largely by parents and paraprofessional staff. The interventions are appropriate to use in any of the child human services sectors and have been developed in the field with real-world child and family clients. In addition, they offer a reduced cost in comparison to institutional care. Several chapters address diagnostic-specific psychosocial and psychopharmacological treatments, which are likely to be provided as adjunctive treatment in a clinical setting.Less
This book presents innovative interventions for youth with severe emotional and behavioral disorders. The book is designed to fill a gap between the knowledge base and clinical practice through its presentation of theory, practice parameters, training requirements, and research evidence. Featuring community-based and state-of-the-art services for youth with severe emotional and behavioral disorders and their families, this book describes each intervention in depth, along with the supporting evidence for its utility. Most chapters present a single intervention as an alternative to institutional care. Shared characteristics of these interventions include delivery of services in the community (homes, schools, and neighborhoods) provided largely by parents and paraprofessional staff. The interventions are appropriate to use in any of the child human services sectors and have been developed in the field with real-world child and family clients. In addition, they offer a reduced cost in comparison to institutional care. Several chapters address diagnostic-specific psychosocial and psychopharmacological treatments, which are likely to be provided as adjunctive treatment in a clinical setting.
Myoung-Jae Lee
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- February 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199267699
- eISBN:
- 9780191603044
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199267693.003.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Econometrics
This introductory chapter provides a quick overview of the following six chapters.
This introductory chapter provides a quick overview of the following six chapters.
Myoung-jae Lee
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- February 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199267699
- eISBN:
- 9780191603044
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199267693.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Econometrics
This book brings to the fore recent advances in econometrics for treatment effect analysis. It aims to put together various economic treatment effect models in a coherent fashion, determine those ...
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This book brings to the fore recent advances in econometrics for treatment effect analysis. It aims to put together various economic treatment effect models in a coherent fashion, determine those that can be parameters of interest, and show how these can be identified and estimated under weak assumptions. The emphasis throughout the book is on semi- and non-parametric estimation methods, but traditional parametric approaches are also discussed. This book is ideally suited to researchers and graduate students with a basic knowledge of econometrics.Less
This book brings to the fore recent advances in econometrics for treatment effect analysis. It aims to put together various economic treatment effect models in a coherent fashion, determine those that can be parameters of interest, and show how these can be identified and estimated under weak assumptions. The emphasis throughout the book is on semi- and non-parametric estimation methods, but traditional parametric approaches are also discussed. This book is ideally suited to researchers and graduate students with a basic knowledge of econometrics.
Jacqueline Corcoran
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195149524
- eISBN:
- 9780199865154
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195149524.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Health and Mental Health, Children and Families
This book reviews the evidence-based treatments relevant to family treatment in human services and social services settings. It addresses some of the main reasons families are seen in mental health ...
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This book reviews the evidence-based treatments relevant to family treatment in human services and social services settings. It addresses some of the main reasons families are seen in mental health and social service settings: child maltreatment, intimate partner violence, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct problems, substance use disorders, schizophrenia, depression, and dementia. For each problem area, a detailed case study provides step-by-step guidelines on how the evidence-based theory can be applied in practice. Interventions include psychoeducation, behavioral parent training, solution-focused therapy, cognitive-behavioral treatment, structural family therapy, and multisystemic treatment.Less
This book reviews the evidence-based treatments relevant to family treatment in human services and social services settings. It addresses some of the main reasons families are seen in mental health and social service settings: child maltreatment, intimate partner violence, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct problems, substance use disorders, schizophrenia, depression, and dementia. For each problem area, a detailed case study provides step-by-step guidelines on how the evidence-based theory can be applied in practice. Interventions include psychoeducation, behavioral parent training, solution-focused therapy, cognitive-behavioral treatment, structural family therapy, and multisystemic treatment.
Jacqueline Corcoran
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195375718
- eISBN:
- 9780199865529
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195375718.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families, Health and Mental Health
This book reviews the evidence basis for the treatment of mental health disorders that present in children and adolescents, using both the American Psychological Association Division 12 Task Force ...
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This book reviews the evidence basis for the treatment of mental health disorders that present in children and adolescents, using both the American Psychological Association Division 12 Task Force Criteria for empirically supported treatment and the results of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The context of the child and its influence on the development of the mental health disorder, as well as treatment and recovery, is appraised through the risk and resilience framework. Barriers, facilitators, and recommendations for the practice and research of evidence-based treatment for child and adolescent mental health disorders are advanced.Less
This book reviews the evidence basis for the treatment of mental health disorders that present in children and adolescents, using both the American Psychological Association Division 12 Task Force Criteria for empirically supported treatment and the results of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The context of the child and its influence on the development of the mental health disorder, as well as treatment and recovery, is appraised through the risk and resilience framework. Barriers, facilitators, and recommendations for the practice and research of evidence-based treatment for child and adolescent mental health disorders are advanced.
Donald M. Linhorst
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195171877
- eISBN:
- 9780199865338
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195171877.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Health and Mental Health
The purpose of this book is to examine the opportunities for, and limitations to, empowerment among adults with severe mental illness who, historically, have lacked power and have been the focus of ...
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The purpose of this book is to examine the opportunities for, and limitations to, empowerment among adults with severe mental illness who, historically, have lacked power and have been the focus of stigma and discrimination. Its central premise is that despite significant limitations to empowerment, people with severe mental illness can be empowered when certain conditions are met. Building on the work of Joel F. Handler, nine conditions are outlined under which empowerment is likely to occur and be sustained long-term. These conditions are then applied to determine the circumstances under which people with severe mental illness can be empowered through participation in each of seven activities. These including treatment planning; the selection and control of housing; decision making in the organizations from which services are received; planning and policy making; securing and maintaining employment that produces a liveable wage; research and evaluation; and service provision to other people with mental illness. Case studies from a public psychiatric hospital and a community mental health agency illustrate each of the seven areas. Finally, the book identifies the roles that service providers, administrators, policy makers, advocacy groups, researchers, and clients can play in the empowerment process.Less
The purpose of this book is to examine the opportunities for, and limitations to, empowerment among adults with severe mental illness who, historically, have lacked power and have been the focus of stigma and discrimination. Its central premise is that despite significant limitations to empowerment, people with severe mental illness can be empowered when certain conditions are met. Building on the work of Joel F. Handler, nine conditions are outlined under which empowerment is likely to occur and be sustained long-term. These conditions are then applied to determine the circumstances under which people with severe mental illness can be empowered through participation in each of seven activities. These including treatment planning; the selection and control of housing; decision making in the organizations from which services are received; planning and policy making; securing and maintaining employment that produces a liveable wage; research and evaluation; and service provision to other people with mental illness. Case studies from a public psychiatric hospital and a community mental health agency illustrate each of the seven areas. Finally, the book identifies the roles that service providers, administrators, policy makers, advocacy groups, researchers, and clients can play in the empowerment process.
Mo Yee Lee, John Sebold, and Adriana Uken
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195146776
- eISBN:
- 9780199864805
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195146776.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families, Crime and Justice
Society has instigated diverse responses in an attempt to end domestic violence in intimate relationships, which has plagued our society and deeply hurt our families and children. Helping ...
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Society has instigated diverse responses in an attempt to end domestic violence in intimate relationships, which has plagued our society and deeply hurt our families and children. Helping professionals are constantly in search of effective ways to provide treatment for domestic violence offenders, although such a search is haunted by hope, promises, and controversies. This book describes and evaluates a solution-focused group treatment program for domestic violence offenders. This is a goal directed, solution-based, group treatment program that utilizes goals to create a context for participants to identify, notice, rediscover, and reconnect with their strengths and resources in addressing problems with domestic violence. Building on a strengths perspective, a solution-focused approach holds a person accountable for solutions instead of focusing on problems. Without minimizing or denying the destructiveness of violent behaviors, such an approach aims at empowering a person so that she or he can discover and/or reconnect with his or her strengths and resources to build a more satisfying life that excludes violence in intimate relationships. Such a treatment approach uses the language and symbols of “solution and strengths” as opposed to the language of “deficits and blame.” Treatment focuses on identifying exception and solution behaviors that are then amplified, supported, and reinforced through a solution-building process. This book describes a pragmatic, step-by-step, “how-to” description of what helping professionals can do in treatment to create positive changes in domestic violence offenders. This is a treatment guide from intake to termination, capitalizing on participants' strengths and goal accomplishment to encourage and assist their efforts to eliminate and exclude violence from intimate relationships.Less
Society has instigated diverse responses in an attempt to end domestic violence in intimate relationships, which has plagued our society and deeply hurt our families and children. Helping professionals are constantly in search of effective ways to provide treatment for domestic violence offenders, although such a search is haunted by hope, promises, and controversies. This book describes and evaluates a solution-focused group treatment program for domestic violence offenders. This is a goal directed, solution-based, group treatment program that utilizes goals to create a context for participants to identify, notice, rediscover, and reconnect with their strengths and resources in addressing problems with domestic violence. Building on a strengths perspective, a solution-focused approach holds a person accountable for solutions instead of focusing on problems. Without minimizing or denying the destructiveness of violent behaviors, such an approach aims at empowering a person so that she or he can discover and/or reconnect with his or her strengths and resources to build a more satisfying life that excludes violence in intimate relationships. Such a treatment approach uses the language and symbols of “solution and strengths” as opposed to the language of “deficits and blame.” Treatment focuses on identifying exception and solution behaviors that are then amplified, supported, and reinforced through a solution-building process. This book describes a pragmatic, step-by-step, “how-to” description of what helping professionals can do in treatment to create positive changes in domestic violence offenders. This is a treatment guide from intake to termination, capitalizing on participants' strengths and goal accomplishment to encourage and assist their efforts to eliminate and exclude violence from intimate relationships.
Deborah R. Becker and Robert E. Drake
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195131215
- eISBN:
- 9780199863808
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195131215.003.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Health and Mental Health
This introductory chapter summarizes the nature of mental health and vocational services during the period preceding the development of IPS supported employment. Deinstitutionalization failed to ...
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This introductory chapter summarizes the nature of mental health and vocational services during the period preceding the development of IPS supported employment. Deinstitutionalization failed to change treatment attitudes. Clients were transferred to community settings that replicated aspects of previous hospital care with close supervision and a lack of meaningful activities. Vocational rehabilitation programs similarly provided protected and segregated work experiences.Less
This introductory chapter summarizes the nature of mental health and vocational services during the period preceding the development of IPS supported employment. Deinstitutionalization failed to change treatment attitudes. Clients were transferred to community settings that replicated aspects of previous hospital care with close supervision and a lack of meaningful activities. Vocational rehabilitation programs similarly provided protected and segregated work experiences.
David J. Bearison
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195389272
- eISBN:
- 9780199979219
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195389272.001.0001
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Paediatric Palliative Medicine
This book is a sequel to When treatment fails: How Medicine Cares for Dying Children (Oxford University Press, 2006). Its purpose was to systematically document persuasive issues that arise in ...
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This book is a sequel to When treatment fails: How Medicine Cares for Dying Children (Oxford University Press, 2006). Its purpose was to systematically document persuasive issues that arise in pediatric end-of-life palliative care: when to withhold or withdraw curative treatments, how to manage pain and suffering, how to communicate bad news to patients and families, how the staff copes with patients dying and how they are able to move on, how best to train staff in pediatric end-of-life care, and how the staff understands the reactions of dying patients and their families. Similar in form (i.e., narrative analyses) and purpose, this book addresses these issues. It systematically analyzes and documents the challenges of pediatric end-of-life palliative care but does so from the special perspectives provided by narratives from children at the end of their lives and their families. It captures the frustrating and diverse voices among dying children and their parents. Together, these two books significantly advance ways to improve standards of care and promote transparency in ethically complicated deliberations concerning end-of-life care for children. Their findings will be used to develop pediatric palliative care policies and guidelines, teaching programs, advocacy resources, treatment protocols, and innovative service delivery models of national significance that improve the quality-of- life for children who are approaching the end of life and their families.Less
This book is a sequel to When treatment fails: How Medicine Cares for Dying Children (Oxford University Press, 2006). Its purpose was to systematically document persuasive issues that arise in pediatric end-of-life palliative care: when to withhold or withdraw curative treatments, how to manage pain and suffering, how to communicate bad news to patients and families, how the staff copes with patients dying and how they are able to move on, how best to train staff in pediatric end-of-life care, and how the staff understands the reactions of dying patients and their families. Similar in form (i.e., narrative analyses) and purpose, this book addresses these issues. It systematically analyzes and documents the challenges of pediatric end-of-life palliative care but does so from the special perspectives provided by narratives from children at the end of their lives and their families. It captures the frustrating and diverse voices among dying children and their parents. Together, these two books significantly advance ways to improve standards of care and promote transparency in ethically complicated deliberations concerning end-of-life care for children. Their findings will be used to develop pediatric palliative care policies and guidelines, teaching programs, advocacy resources, treatment protocols, and innovative service delivery models of national significance that improve the quality-of- life for children who are approaching the end of life and their families.
Stephen M. Schwebel
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199571345
- eISBN:
- 9780191705472
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199571345.003.0027
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law, Private International Law
In 2004, the United States government adopted and published a Model Bilateral Investment Treaty that substantially revised the Model Bilateral Investment Treaty previously employed by it in ...
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In 2004, the United States government adopted and published a Model Bilateral Investment Treaty that substantially revised the Model Bilateral Investment Treaty previously employed by it in negotiations with other governments over the conclusion of bilateral investment agreements. It has subsequently used the 2004 Model BIT in negotiating bilateral investment treaties, and investment chapters of free trade agreements, with other governments. This chapter focuses on a single provision stating that the ‘fair and equitable treatment includes the obligation not to deny justice’. The result of this specification is that the standard of fair and equitable treatment that is a paramount standard of bilateral investment treaties the world over is reduced in the US Model BIT to (i) ‘the customary international law minimum standard of treatment’ and (ii) ‘the obligation not to deny justice’.Less
In 2004, the United States government adopted and published a Model Bilateral Investment Treaty that substantially revised the Model Bilateral Investment Treaty previously employed by it in negotiations with other governments over the conclusion of bilateral investment agreements. It has subsequently used the 2004 Model BIT in negotiating bilateral investment treaties, and investment chapters of free trade agreements, with other governments. This chapter focuses on a single provision stating that the ‘fair and equitable treatment includes the obligation not to deny justice’. The result of this specification is that the standard of fair and equitable treatment that is a paramount standard of bilateral investment treaties the world over is reduced in the US Model BIT to (i) ‘the customary international law minimum standard of treatment’ and (ii) ‘the obligation not to deny justice’.
Christopher Ringwald
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195147681
- eISBN:
- 9780199849338
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195147681.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
It is common knowledge that for most alcoholics and addicts recovery programmes like AA seem to hold out the best hope of conquering addiction. Most of us also know that such programmes usually ...
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It is common knowledge that for most alcoholics and addicts recovery programmes like AA seem to hold out the best hope of conquering addiction. Most of us also know that such programmes usually stress reliance on some sort of “higher power.” This book shows that in fact spiritual development is the central factor in the recovery of a significant percentage of substance abusers, and that spirituality is the lynchpin of many if not most recovery programmes in America. The author of this book visited many treatment centres and interviewed hundreds of recovering alcoholics and addicts, counsellors, and family members, many of whose voices are heard within it. His purpose was to find out just how spirituality figures in the individual's recovery and how it is deployed by the treatment programmes. This book explores the differences among a wide range of programmes: twelve-step, Christian, Muslim, Native American, and those based in Eastern religions.Less
It is common knowledge that for most alcoholics and addicts recovery programmes like AA seem to hold out the best hope of conquering addiction. Most of us also know that such programmes usually stress reliance on some sort of “higher power.” This book shows that in fact spiritual development is the central factor in the recovery of a significant percentage of substance abusers, and that spirituality is the lynchpin of many if not most recovery programmes in America. The author of this book visited many treatment centres and interviewed hundreds of recovering alcoholics and addicts, counsellors, and family members, many of whose voices are heard within it. His purpose was to find out just how spirituality figures in the individual's recovery and how it is deployed by the treatment programmes. This book explores the differences among a wide range of programmes: twelve-step, Christian, Muslim, Native American, and those based in Eastern religions.
Mary Briody Mahowald
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195176179
- eISBN:
- 9780199786558
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195176170.003.0013
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Feminist Philosophy
Cases illustrating the exclusion of women in biomedical research, experimental treatment and maternal fetal surgery, human reproductive cloning, and embryonic stem cell research are presented. For ...
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Cases illustrating the exclusion of women in biomedical research, experimental treatment and maternal fetal surgery, human reproductive cloning, and embryonic stem cell research are presented. For each topic, empirical and theoretical factors are discussed from an “egalitarian perspective” that imputes privileged status to the standpoint of those who are “nondominant”. Implications of different positions about moral status of embryos and fetuses, and about people born with disabilities are also considered.Less
Cases illustrating the exclusion of women in biomedical research, experimental treatment and maternal fetal surgery, human reproductive cloning, and embryonic stem cell research are presented. For each topic, empirical and theoretical factors are discussed from an “egalitarian perspective” that imputes privileged status to the standpoint of those who are “nondominant”. Implications of different positions about moral status of embryos and fetuses, and about people born with disabilities are also considered.
López Ramón and Michael A. Toman
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199298006
- eISBN:
- 9780191603877
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199298009.003.0011
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Of all the environmental concerns that developing countries face, the lack of adequate and good quality water is probably the most serious. This chapter examines two issues arising from poor water ...
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Of all the environmental concerns that developing countries face, the lack of adequate and good quality water is probably the most serious. This chapter examines two issues arising from poor water quality: (i) the impact it has on households through their use of such water for drinking and other domestic purposes, and through the facilities they employ for the disposal of household waste; and (ii) the consequence of poor water quality in inland rivers and lakes on other water uses (recreation, abstraction for domestic use, etc.). The overall implication of the analysis is that water supply targets under the Millennium Development Goals need careful cost benefit appraisal before they are implemented. Such targets also need a careful analysis of financial sustainability and in this regard, affordability is a critical element. The same remarks apply to sanitation programs, but the cost and benefit comparison is less clearly in favor of the program as a whole.Less
Of all the environmental concerns that developing countries face, the lack of adequate and good quality water is probably the most serious. This chapter examines two issues arising from poor water quality: (i) the impact it has on households through their use of such water for drinking and other domestic purposes, and through the facilities they employ for the disposal of household waste; and (ii) the consequence of poor water quality in inland rivers and lakes on other water uses (recreation, abstraction for domestic use, etc.). The overall implication of the analysis is that water supply targets under the Millennium Development Goals need careful cost benefit appraisal before they are implemented. Such targets also need a careful analysis of financial sustainability and in this regard, affordability is a critical element. The same remarks apply to sanitation programs, but the cost and benefit comparison is less clearly in favor of the program as a whole.
Margaret Robbins
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- November 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780192626219
- eISBN:
- 9780191730016
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780192626219.001.0001
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Palliative Medicine Research, Patient Care and End-of-Life Decision Making
The past 30 years has seen a huge expansion in the provision of palliative care services. Because palliative medicine is a multidisciplinary specialty – combining the expertise of oncologists, ...
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The past 30 years has seen a huge expansion in the provision of palliative care services. Because palliative medicine is a multidisciplinary specialty – combining the expertise of oncologists, anaesthetists, nurses, and many other therapeutic groups – the effectiveness of such treatment can be very difficult to measure. Additionally, research involving terminally ill patients and their carers can also present a number of practical and ethical problems. In spite of this, current health policy demands evidence of the effectiveness and value for money of health service interventions at all levels of complexity, including the service level. This book provides an introduction to the theory and practice of the evaluation of palliative care services. It examines the methodological issues involved in the evaluation of palliative care and outlines a practical approach that is readily applicable to many other health care interventions. In particular, research issues involving terminally ill patients and their carers are analysed and discussed, and approaches suggested for future work.Less
The past 30 years has seen a huge expansion in the provision of palliative care services. Because palliative medicine is a multidisciplinary specialty – combining the expertise of oncologists, anaesthetists, nurses, and many other therapeutic groups – the effectiveness of such treatment can be very difficult to measure. Additionally, research involving terminally ill patients and their carers can also present a number of practical and ethical problems. In spite of this, current health policy demands evidence of the effectiveness and value for money of health service interventions at all levels of complexity, including the service level. This book provides an introduction to the theory and practice of the evaluation of palliative care services. It examines the methodological issues involved in the evaluation of palliative care and outlines a practical approach that is readily applicable to many other health care interventions. In particular, research issues involving terminally ill patients and their carers are analysed and discussed, and approaches suggested for future work.
Federico Varese
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198297369
- eISBN:
- 9780191600272
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019829736X.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Russian Politics
The Russian state is examined as a supplier of protection. The chapter first explores how Russian citizens perceive the institutions of authority that are supposed to supply services of protection ...
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The Russian state is examined as a supplier of protection. The chapter first explores how Russian citizens perceive the institutions of authority that are supposed to supply services of protection and dispute resolution, such as the legal system, state (government) officials and the police, and whether they expect fair treatment from them. Survey data from several Eastern European countries are compared in order to establish whether people should be expected to use these institutions and, more generally, to determine the levels of confidence in the legal system: the data indicate a low level of confidence in crucial institutions of authority. The second section of the chapter looks at one instance of state-supplied protection services – the courts of arbitration or Arbitrazh: the court where cases involving property rights and the privatization process are heard. The survey data presented suggest that the majority of the customers of the Arbitrazh courts are large enterprises that were formerly state-owned and were privatized in the 1990s.Less
The Russian state is examined as a supplier of protection. The chapter first explores how Russian citizens perceive the institutions of authority that are supposed to supply services of protection and dispute resolution, such as the legal system, state (government) officials and the police, and whether they expect fair treatment from them. Survey data from several Eastern European countries are compared in order to establish whether people should be expected to use these institutions and, more generally, to determine the levels of confidence in the legal system: the data indicate a low level of confidence in crucial institutions of authority. The second section of the chapter looks at one instance of state-supplied protection services – the courts of arbitration or Arbitrazh: the court where cases involving property rights and the privatization process are heard. The survey data presented suggest that the majority of the customers of the Arbitrazh courts are large enterprises that were formerly state-owned and were privatized in the 1990s.
Chloe Silverman
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691150468
- eISBN:
- 9781400840397
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691150468.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
Autism has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years, thanks to dramatically increasing rates of diagnosis, extensive organizational mobilization, journalistic coverage, biomedical ...
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Autism has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years, thanks to dramatically increasing rates of diagnosis, extensive organizational mobilization, journalistic coverage, biomedical research, and clinical innovation. This book takes a close look at the role of emotion—specifically, of parental love—in the intense and passionate work of biomedical communities investigating autism. The book tracks developments in autism theory and practice over the past half-century and shows how an understanding of autism has been constituted and stabilized through vital efforts of schools, gene banks, professional associations, government committees, parent networks, and treatment conferences. It examines the love and labor of parents, who play a role in developing—in conjunction with medical experts—new forms of treatment and therapy for their children. While biomedical knowledge is dispersed through an emotionally neutral, technical language that separates experts from laypeople, parental advocacy and activism call these distinctions into question. The book reveals how parental care has been a constant driver in the volatile field of autism research and treatment, and has served as an inspiration for scientific change. Recognizing the importance of parental knowledge and observations in treating autism, it reveals that effective responses to the disorder demonstrate the mutual interdependence of love and science.Less
Autism has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years, thanks to dramatically increasing rates of diagnosis, extensive organizational mobilization, journalistic coverage, biomedical research, and clinical innovation. This book takes a close look at the role of emotion—specifically, of parental love—in the intense and passionate work of biomedical communities investigating autism. The book tracks developments in autism theory and practice over the past half-century and shows how an understanding of autism has been constituted and stabilized through vital efforts of schools, gene banks, professional associations, government committees, parent networks, and treatment conferences. It examines the love and labor of parents, who play a role in developing—in conjunction with medical experts—new forms of treatment and therapy for their children. While biomedical knowledge is dispersed through an emotionally neutral, technical language that separates experts from laypeople, parental advocacy and activism call these distinctions into question. The book reveals how parental care has been a constant driver in the volatile field of autism research and treatment, and has served as an inspiration for scientific change. Recognizing the importance of parental knowledge and observations in treating autism, it reveals that effective responses to the disorder demonstrate the mutual interdependence of love and science.
