Charles King
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- August 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199241613
- eISBN:
- 9780191601439
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199241619.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Russia's commercial growth and political power after the late eighteenth century were fueled by access to the sea. The ports of southern Russia grew through trade with the rest of Europe. ...
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Russia's commercial growth and political power after the late eighteenth century were fueled by access to the sea. The ports of southern Russia grew through trade with the rest of Europe. Intermittent wars with the Ottomans did not hinder the take-off of cities such as Odessa. Travelers from the rest of Europe increasingly visited the coasts, especially after the Crimean war.Less
Russia's commercial growth and political power after the late eighteenth century were fueled by access to the sea. The ports of southern Russia grew through trade with the rest of Europe. Intermittent wars with the Ottomans did not hinder the take-off of cities such as Odessa. Travelers from the rest of Europe increasingly visited the coasts, especially after the Crimean war.
Alison Games
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195335545
- eISBN:
- 9780199869039
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195335545.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This chapter focuses on English and Scottish recreational and educational travelers. It separates them from other people whom they would also have identified as travelers. One portion of their ...
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This chapter focuses on English and Scottish recreational and educational travelers. It separates them from other people whom they would also have identified as travelers. One portion of their traveling lives is segregated from other stages of the life cycle in which these people would have characterized themselves as still traveling when they worked as merchants or consuls, ministers, or governors. It is argued that as educational travel became more common, it domesticated a world beyond England's shores. Travelers learned new languages, studied law, mastered different national styles of sociability, and took home with them not only their new knowledge of Europe but also their avid curiosity in the world beyond the shores of their island kingdoms.Less
This chapter focuses on English and Scottish recreational and educational travelers. It separates them from other people whom they would also have identified as travelers. One portion of their traveling lives is segregated from other stages of the life cycle in which these people would have characterized themselves as still traveling when they worked as merchants or consuls, ministers, or governors. It is argued that as educational travel became more common, it domesticated a world beyond England's shores. Travelers learned new languages, studied law, mastered different national styles of sociability, and took home with them not only their new knowledge of Europe but also their avid curiosity in the world beyond the shores of their island kingdoms.
Deborah Manley (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9789774164859
- eISBN:
- 9781617971273
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774164859.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
Until late in the nineteenth century, few guidebooks acknowledged the presence of women as travelers — although women had been traveling around the world for centuries. Women's accounts of their ...
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Until late in the nineteenth century, few guidebooks acknowledged the presence of women as travelers — although women had been traveling around the world for centuries. Women's accounts of their journeys, distinct from those of male travelers, began to appear more frequently in the early nineteenth century, and Egypt was a popular destination. Women had more time to watch and describe; they were more dependent on the Egyptian staff; they spent time both in the harems of Cairo and with the women they met along the Nile. Some of them, like Sarah Belzoni, Sophia Poole, and Ellen Chennells, spoke Arabic. Others wrote engagingly of their experiences as observers of an exotic culture, with special access to some places no man could ever go. From Eliza Fay's description of arriving in Egypt in 1779 to Rosemary Mahoney's daring trip down the Nile in a rowboat in 2006, this lively collection of writing by over forty women travelers includes Lady Evelyn Cobbold, Isabella Bird, Winifred Blackman, Norma Lorimer, Harriet Martineau, Florence Nightingale, Amelia Edwards, and Lucie Duff Gordon.Less
Until late in the nineteenth century, few guidebooks acknowledged the presence of women as travelers — although women had been traveling around the world for centuries. Women's accounts of their journeys, distinct from those of male travelers, began to appear more frequently in the early nineteenth century, and Egypt was a popular destination. Women had more time to watch and describe; they were more dependent on the Egyptian staff; they spent time both in the harems of Cairo and with the women they met along the Nile. Some of them, like Sarah Belzoni, Sophia Poole, and Ellen Chennells, spoke Arabic. Others wrote engagingly of their experiences as observers of an exotic culture, with special access to some places no man could ever go. From Eliza Fay's description of arriving in Egypt in 1779 to Rosemary Mahoney's daring trip down the Nile in a rowboat in 2006, this lively collection of writing by over forty women travelers includes Lady Evelyn Cobbold, Isabella Bird, Winifred Blackman, Norma Lorimer, Harriet Martineau, Florence Nightingale, Amelia Edwards, and Lucie Duff Gordon.
Helena Waddy
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195371277
- eISBN:
- 9780199777341
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195371277.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
A local resistance group named after a rare Alpine bird opens Chapter Eight. Oberammergau’s forestry chief led this effort at peaceful surrender to the occupying Americans who brought a harsh postwar ...
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A local resistance group named after a rare Alpine bird opens Chapter Eight. Oberammergau’s forestry chief led this effort at peaceful surrender to the occupying Americans who brought a harsh postwar environment to a village population swollen by refugees from Germany’s lost eastern provinces and expelled ethnic Germans. All adults were subject to denazification procedures that attempted to sort out the guilty from the innocent, although most local Nazis were lightly punished as fellow travelers. The denazified villagers included Raimund Lang, who returned as mayor after a controversial local election. Village-level democracy had resumed early in 1946 while, gradually, regional and state-level democratic structures revived in their turn. Once the Federal Republic was established in 1949, Lang could lead preparations for a 1950 Passion Play season. The community had seemingly returned to normal life but the reprieve was short-lived; the shadow of their Nazi past would not disappear.Less
A local resistance group named after a rare Alpine bird opens Chapter Eight. Oberammergau’s forestry chief led this effort at peaceful surrender to the occupying Americans who brought a harsh postwar environment to a village population swollen by refugees from Germany’s lost eastern provinces and expelled ethnic Germans. All adults were subject to denazification procedures that attempted to sort out the guilty from the innocent, although most local Nazis were lightly punished as fellow travelers. The denazified villagers included Raimund Lang, who returned as mayor after a controversial local election. Village-level democracy had resumed early in 1946 while, gradually, regional and state-level democratic structures revived in their turn. Once the Federal Republic was established in 1949, Lang could lead preparations for a 1950 Passion Play season. The community had seemingly returned to normal life but the reprieve was short-lived; the shadow of their Nazi past would not disappear.
Edward William Lane
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9789774245251
- eISBN:
- 9781617970160
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774245251.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
This text here contains a hitherto unpublished work by the great nineteenth-century British traveler Edward William Lane (1801–76), a name known to almost everyone in all the many fields of Middle ...
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This text here contains a hitherto unpublished work by the great nineteenth-century British traveler Edward William Lane (1801–76), a name known to almost everyone in all the many fields of Middle East studies. Lane was the author of a number of highly influential works: An Account of the Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians (1836), his translation of The Thousand and One Nights (1839–41), selections from the Kur-an (1843), and the Arabic–English Lexicon (1863–93). Yet one of his greatest works was never published: after years of labor and despite an enthusiastic reception by the publishing firm of John Murray in 1831, publication of his first book, this book, was delayed and eventually dropped, mainly for financial reasons. The manuscript was sold to the British Library by Lane's widow in 1891, and has only now been salvaged for publication by Dr. Jason Thompson, nearly 170 years after its completion. This enormously important book takes the form of a journey through Egypt from north to south, with descriptions of all the ancient monuments and contemporary life that Lane explored along the way.Less
This text here contains a hitherto unpublished work by the great nineteenth-century British traveler Edward William Lane (1801–76), a name known to almost everyone in all the many fields of Middle East studies. Lane was the author of a number of highly influential works: An Account of the Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians (1836), his translation of The Thousand and One Nights (1839–41), selections from the Kur-an (1843), and the Arabic–English Lexicon (1863–93). Yet one of his greatest works was never published: after years of labor and despite an enthusiastic reception by the publishing firm of John Murray in 1831, publication of his first book, this book, was delayed and eventually dropped, mainly for financial reasons. The manuscript was sold to the British Library by Lane's widow in 1891, and has only now been salvaged for publication by Dr. Jason Thompson, nearly 170 years after its completion. This enormously important book takes the form of a journey through Egypt from north to south, with descriptions of all the ancient monuments and contemporary life that Lane explored along the way.
Daniel Strickman, Stephen P. Frances, and Mustapha Debboun
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195365771
- eISBN:
- 9780199867677
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195365771.003.0002
- Subject:
- Biology, Natural History and Field Guides
One of the most effective ways to avoid bites is to not be in the same place as the pests. Some kinds of biting arthropods only live in certain parts of the world or only live where climate is ...
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One of the most effective ways to avoid bites is to not be in the same place as the pests. Some kinds of biting arthropods only live in certain parts of the world or only live where climate is correct for them. This chapter presents the distribution of the most important biting pests worldwide so that tourists, military personnel, and other travelers can know how to prepare.Less
One of the most effective ways to avoid bites is to not be in the same place as the pests. Some kinds of biting arthropods only live in certain parts of the world or only live where climate is correct for them. This chapter presents the distribution of the most important biting pests worldwide so that tourists, military personnel, and other travelers can know how to prepare.
Karin E. Gedge
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195130201
- eISBN:
- 9780199835157
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195130200.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
European travelers to the early republic published numerous accounts that often expressed alarm and dismay at the reciprocal devotion of women and ministers, seeing in it a threat to families, ...
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European travelers to the early republic published numerous accounts that often expressed alarm and dismay at the reciprocal devotion of women and ministers, seeing in it a threat to families, churches, and the republic itself. Whether conservative or liberal, skeptical or approving of the democratic experiment and the disestablished church, writers as varied as Frances Trollope, Harriet Martineau, Francis Grund, Charles Dickens, and Frances Wright felt compelled to describe the pastoral relationship and often did so in derogatory ways. It served as synecdoche and bellwether for the health of the republic.Less
European travelers to the early republic published numerous accounts that often expressed alarm and dismay at the reciprocal devotion of women and ministers, seeing in it a threat to families, churches, and the republic itself. Whether conservative or liberal, skeptical or approving of the democratic experiment and the disestablished church, writers as varied as Frances Trollope, Harriet Martineau, Francis Grund, Charles Dickens, and Frances Wright felt compelled to describe the pastoral relationship and often did so in derogatory ways. It served as synecdoche and bellwether for the health of the republic.
Annabel S. Brett
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691141930
- eISBN:
- 9781400838622
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691141930.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This chapter looks at the limits of obligation in another context, that of subjects travelling from one commonwealth to another. Like the body of the subject, the physical movement of the traveler ...
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This chapter looks at the limits of obligation in another context, that of subjects travelling from one commonwealth to another. Like the body of the subject, the physical movement of the traveler implicates another interface between the civic and the natural, this time the relationship between political space and the space of local motion—the space in which all physical beings, not just humans, move. Implicitly, it poses a fundamental political question about the city as a juridical entity: whether such a body is spatially limited, and if so, how it can be that a non-physical body has a spatial location. In this sense, the border between the political and the natural and the border of the commonwealth are mutually under construction.Less
This chapter looks at the limits of obligation in another context, that of subjects travelling from one commonwealth to another. Like the body of the subject, the physical movement of the traveler implicates another interface between the civic and the natural, this time the relationship between political space and the space of local motion—the space in which all physical beings, not just humans, move. Implicitly, it poses a fundamental political question about the city as a juridical entity: whether such a body is spatially limited, and if so, how it can be that a non-physical body has a spatial location. In this sense, the border between the political and the natural and the border of the commonwealth are mutually under construction.
Robert Garland
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691161051
- eISBN:
- 9781400850259
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691161051.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Ancient History / Archaeology
This chapter discusses the principle of asylum. The Greek word asulia, which is somewhat misleadingly translated as “asylum,” literally means “not plundering” or in the case of an individual “the ...
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This chapter discusses the principle of asylum. The Greek word asulia, which is somewhat misleadingly translated as “asylum,” literally means “not plundering” or in the case of an individual “the condition of not being plundered or abducted [viz from a sanctuary].” In theory at least asulia offered refuge for all, irrespective of a person's political affiliation, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, or any other qualifying condition. Because any long-distance traveler was usually at some risk in ancient Greece, anyone with a legitimate reason to be on the road or at sea was entitled to apply for asulia inside a sanctuary. At times of crisis, too, entire populations might seek refuge in a local sanctuary. In addition, orphans, adolescent girls escaping from an arranged marriage, runaway slaves, and other kinds of needy individuals could claim asulia.Less
This chapter discusses the principle of asylum. The Greek word asulia, which is somewhat misleadingly translated as “asylum,” literally means “not plundering” or in the case of an individual “the condition of not being plundered or abducted [viz from a sanctuary].” In theory at least asulia offered refuge for all, irrespective of a person's political affiliation, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, or any other qualifying condition. Because any long-distance traveler was usually at some risk in ancient Greece, anyone with a legitimate reason to be on the road or at sea was entitled to apply for asulia inside a sanctuary. At times of crisis, too, entire populations might seek refuge in a local sanctuary. In addition, orphans, adolescent girls escaping from an arranged marriage, runaway slaves, and other kinds of needy individuals could claim asulia.
Kaushik Basu
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198296713
- eISBN:
- 9780191595943
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198296711.003.0003
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Microeconomics
This chapter analyses the concept of individual rationality. It covers internal consistency, procrastination and addiction, the Traveler’s Dilemma, the simplified E-Mail Game, the paradox of ...
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This chapter analyses the concept of individual rationality. It covers internal consistency, procrastination and addiction, the Traveler’s Dilemma, the simplified E-Mail Game, the paradox of cognition. It discusses the rejection of the so-called “axiom of transparency”, which states that if a person knows something, then the person knows that he know it.Less
This chapter analyses the concept of individual rationality. It covers internal consistency, procrastination and addiction, the Traveler’s Dilemma, the simplified E-Mail Game, the paradox of cognition. It discusses the rejection of the so-called “axiom of transparency”, which states that if a person knows something, then the person knows that he know it.
Michael David-Fox
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199794577
- eISBN:
- 9780199932245
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794577.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter gives new documentation and interpretation of the Soviet visits of the leading fellow-travelers in the 1930s, including George Bernard Shaw, Sidney and Beatrice Webb, Henri Barbusse, and ...
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This chapter gives new documentation and interpretation of the Soviet visits of the leading fellow-travelers in the 1930s, including George Bernard Shaw, Sidney and Beatrice Webb, Henri Barbusse, and Romain Rolland. Critically examining the major frameworks advanced for understanding Western intellectuals' Sovietophilia—among them alienation, national political traditions, and simple naiveté—it argues that no single master explanation proves adequate. The Western myth of the Soviet Union was so flexible that many diametrically opposed features of communism prompted them to assume the stature of “friends.” Nevertheless, the role of key Soviet intermediaries (including Ilya Ehrenburg, Aleksandr Arosev, and Ivan Maiskii) was crucial in this process, as were the conventions of Soviet “friendship.” The transcripts of Stalin's Kremlin receptions of leading Western “friends of the Soviet Union” suggest that a number of important Western sympathizers viewed him as a type of intellectual in power and harbored illusions of influence over the course of the revolution.Less
This chapter gives new documentation and interpretation of the Soviet visits of the leading fellow-travelers in the 1930s, including George Bernard Shaw, Sidney and Beatrice Webb, Henri Barbusse, and Romain Rolland. Critically examining the major frameworks advanced for understanding Western intellectuals' Sovietophilia—among them alienation, national political traditions, and simple naiveté—it argues that no single master explanation proves adequate. The Western myth of the Soviet Union was so flexible that many diametrically opposed features of communism prompted them to assume the stature of “friends.” Nevertheless, the role of key Soviet intermediaries (including Ilya Ehrenburg, Aleksandr Arosev, and Ivan Maiskii) was crucial in this process, as were the conventions of Soviet “friendship.” The transcripts of Stalin's Kremlin receptions of leading Western “friends of the Soviet Union” suggest that a number of important Western sympathizers viewed him as a type of intellectual in power and harbored illusions of influence over the course of the revolution.
Michael David-Fox
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199794577
- eISBN:
- 9780199932245
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794577.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter contrasts the Soviet relationship with prominent visitors who were ideological sympathizers with little-known, covert Soviet outreach to far-right nationalists, German “National ...
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This chapter contrasts the Soviet relationship with prominent visitors who were ideological sympathizers with little-known, covert Soviet outreach to far-right nationalists, German “National Bolsheviks,” and fascist intellectuals. At the center of attention, in the first instance, are the sensational journeys of André Gide in 1936 and Lion Feuchtwanger in 1937 during the era of the Moscow show trials. In the second instance, the chapter gives an in-depth case study of a hybrid left-right German organization founded in 1932 to study the Soviet planned economy (ARPLAN), and more broadly Soviet-German political and cultural relations on the eve of the Nazi Revolution. Showing how foreign friends of Stalinism could suddenly become enemies and those considered enemies could potentially be converted into friends, the chapter ends by contrasting the emotional identification of many Western intellectuals with the socialist homeland with the foreign fellow-travelers of the fascist right, who were by definition excluded from the Nazi racial community.Less
This chapter contrasts the Soviet relationship with prominent visitors who were ideological sympathizers with little-known, covert Soviet outreach to far-right nationalists, German “National Bolsheviks,” and fascist intellectuals. At the center of attention, in the first instance, are the sensational journeys of André Gide in 1936 and Lion Feuchtwanger in 1937 during the era of the Moscow show trials. In the second instance, the chapter gives an in-depth case study of a hybrid left-right German organization founded in 1932 to study the Soviet planned economy (ARPLAN), and more broadly Soviet-German political and cultural relations on the eve of the Nazi Revolution. Showing how foreign friends of Stalinism could suddenly become enemies and those considered enemies could potentially be converted into friends, the chapter ends by contrasting the emotional identification of many Western intellectuals with the socialist homeland with the foreign fellow-travelers of the fascist right, who were by definition excluded from the Nazi racial community.
Orvar Lofgren
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520217676
- eISBN:
- 9780520928992
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520217676.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Anthropology, Global
This book takes us on a tour of the Western holiday world and shows how two centuries of “learning to be a tourist” have shaped our own ways of vacationing. We see how fashions in destinations have ...
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This book takes us on a tour of the Western holiday world and shows how two centuries of “learning to be a tourist” have shaped our own ways of vacationing. We see how fashions in destinations have changed through the years, with popular images (written, drawn, painted, and later photographed) teaching the tourist what to look for and how to experience it. Travelers present and future will never see their cruises, treks, ecotours, round-the-world journeys, or trips to the vacation cottage or condo in quite the same way again. All our land-, sea-, and mindscapes will be the richer for the book's insights.Less
This book takes us on a tour of the Western holiday world and shows how two centuries of “learning to be a tourist” have shaped our own ways of vacationing. We see how fashions in destinations have changed through the years, with popular images (written, drawn, painted, and later photographed) teaching the tourist what to look for and how to experience it. Travelers present and future will never see their cruises, treks, ecotours, round-the-world journeys, or trips to the vacation cottage or condo in quite the same way again. All our land-, sea-, and mindscapes will be the richer for the book's insights.
Mary Burke
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199566464
- eISBN:
- 9780191721670
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199566464.003.0007
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism
The arrival of mass film and television reshaped the long-established literary conceit of the tinker. Thus, the final chapter considers screen portrayals of Travellers, particularly contemporary ...
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The arrival of mass film and television reshaped the long-established literary conceit of the tinker. Thus, the final chapter considers screen portrayals of Travellers, particularly contemporary American depictions of the descendants of Traveller immigrants. US racial history facilitates the cinematic figuring of the Irish-American Traveler as a lovable ‘white trash’ rascal who invokes both post-Famine Irish-American ‘ethnic whiteness’ and furtively appealing Scots-Irish (Ulster-Scots) roguishness; though eventually integrated into an unhyphenated ‘white’ Americanness, the 18th-century Ulster Irish were initially perceived to be scoundrels. The discourse of an ethnically unmarked ‘white trashness’, originally created in response to the incivility of the subsequently assimilated eighteenth-century Irish, inflects the ‘white‘ Traveler’s contemporary image as unreformed but reformable Same. This is considered as an explicit contrast to the irrefutable Othering of the Irish Traveller in many Irish films.Less
The arrival of mass film and television reshaped the long-established literary conceit of the tinker. Thus, the final chapter considers screen portrayals of Travellers, particularly contemporary American depictions of the descendants of Traveller immigrants. US racial history facilitates the cinematic figuring of the Irish-American Traveler as a lovable ‘white trash’ rascal who invokes both post-Famine Irish-American ‘ethnic whiteness’ and furtively appealing Scots-Irish (Ulster-Scots) roguishness; though eventually integrated into an unhyphenated ‘white’ Americanness, the 18th-century Ulster Irish were initially perceived to be scoundrels. The discourse of an ethnically unmarked ‘white trashness’, originally created in response to the incivility of the subsequently assimilated eighteenth-century Irish, inflects the ‘white‘ Traveler’s contemporary image as unreformed but reformable Same. This is considered as an explicit contrast to the irrefutable Othering of the Irish Traveller in many Irish films.
Edward Morris
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780231170543
- eISBN:
- 9780231540506
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231170543.003.0014
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Business History
The chapter describes the career of Sandy Weill, culminating in his formation of Citigroup.
The chapter describes the career of Sandy Weill, culminating in his formation of Citigroup.
Richard Landes
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199753598
- eISBN:
- 9780199897445
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199753598.003.0011
- Subject:
- Religion, World Religions
This chapter traces how the dynamics of apocalyptic disappointment, led millennial ideologues (Bakùnin, Lenin, and Trotsky) to turn the politique du pire into coercive purity, setting the stage for a ...
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This chapter traces how the dynamics of apocalyptic disappointment, led millennial ideologues (Bakùnin, Lenin, and Trotsky) to turn the politique du pire into coercive purity, setting the stage for a shift from the revolution occurring in the industrial West to the agrarian East. Totalitarianism, in this context, arises from the unintended consequence of an apocalyptic movement that took power, and, with the failure of its expectations of a spontaneous millennium, carved out the “perfect” society from the body politic. The chapter concludes with a discussion of Hannah Arendt's analysis of totalitarianism, the phenomenon of “fellow travelers” as a (post-)apocalyptic phenomenon, and the contribution of apocalyptic paranoia to the spread of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, setting the stage for Hitler's emergence after WWI.Less
This chapter traces how the dynamics of apocalyptic disappointment, led millennial ideologues (Bakùnin, Lenin, and Trotsky) to turn the politique du pire into coercive purity, setting the stage for a shift from the revolution occurring in the industrial West to the agrarian East. Totalitarianism, in this context, arises from the unintended consequence of an apocalyptic movement that took power, and, with the failure of its expectations of a spontaneous millennium, carved out the “perfect” society from the body politic. The chapter concludes with a discussion of Hannah Arendt's analysis of totalitarianism, the phenomenon of “fellow travelers” as a (post-)apocalyptic phenomenon, and the contribution of apocalyptic paranoia to the spread of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, setting the stage for Hitler's emergence after WWI.
John R. Hinnells
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198261933
- eISBN:
- 9780191682247
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198261933.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, World Religions, Religious Studies
This chapter suggests that there are probably no other religious or ethnic minority groups which have migrated from Asia to Britain and which have had such a close network of both business and ...
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This chapter suggests that there are probably no other religious or ethnic minority groups which have migrated from Asia to Britain and which have had such a close network of both business and intellectual contacts with the British prior to the period of settlement as the Zoroastrians. This chapter deals with three aspects of that early period of settlement before the Second World War, prior to the arrival of the majority of Zoroastrians. During that period, the arrivals were all from India. The first section discusses the earliest recorded arrivals. The second section examines the literature of the early travelers in their own community in Bombay, which may have affected the Indian community's perceptions of life in Britain. The third section considers the literature produced by the early Zoroastrians in Britain for the British in order to condition the British perception of their small community.Less
This chapter suggests that there are probably no other religious or ethnic minority groups which have migrated from Asia to Britain and which have had such a close network of both business and intellectual contacts with the British prior to the period of settlement as the Zoroastrians. This chapter deals with three aspects of that early period of settlement before the Second World War, prior to the arrival of the majority of Zoroastrians. During that period, the arrivals were all from India. The first section discusses the earliest recorded arrivals. The second section examines the literature of the early travelers in their own community in Bombay, which may have affected the Indian community's perceptions of life in Britain. The third section considers the literature produced by the early Zoroastrians in Britain for the British in order to condition the British perception of their small community.
Robert Colls
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199245192
- eISBN:
- 9780191697432
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199245192.003.0018
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter focuses on the Celtic lands, which offered more promising journeys. Celtic natives were important to the emotional geography of the Union. While English travelers enjoyed the view, ...
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This chapter focuses on the Celtic lands, which offered more promising journeys. Celtic natives were important to the emotional geography of the Union. While English travelers enjoyed the view, nationalists journeying in their own homeland found it a more intense and demanding exercise. First, they shared the idea of origin as nature. Second, there was the shared idea of distance from central state and church as providing the best conditions for survival.Less
This chapter focuses on the Celtic lands, which offered more promising journeys. Celtic natives were important to the emotional geography of the Union. While English travelers enjoyed the view, nationalists journeying in their own homeland found it a more intense and demanding exercise. First, they shared the idea of origin as nature. Second, there was the shared idea of distance from central state and church as providing the best conditions for survival.
Orvar Löfgren
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520217676
- eISBN:
- 9780520928992
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520217676.003.0002
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Anthropology, Global
This chapter studies some of the ways where tourist experiences have been produced in different periods and cultural settings. It first presents the reflections of two northbound travelers in ...
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This chapter studies some of the ways where tourist experiences have been produced in different periods and cultural settings. It first presents the reflections of two northbound travelers in eighteenth-century Sweden. It then takes a look at an important element of pioneer tourism, which is the romantic English garden. This chapter also considers the tension between improvisation and routinization, and the predictable and surprising, which results in a craving for fresh sights and novel experiences. The ways in which the romantic longing for the wild became intertwined with the quest for national identity is also discussed.Less
This chapter studies some of the ways where tourist experiences have been produced in different periods and cultural settings. It first presents the reflections of two northbound travelers in eighteenth-century Sweden. It then takes a look at an important element of pioneer tourism, which is the romantic English garden. This chapter also considers the tension between improvisation and routinization, and the predictable and surprising, which results in a craving for fresh sights and novel experiences. The ways in which the romantic longing for the wild became intertwined with the quest for national identity is also discussed.
Laura Nenzi
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824831172
- eISBN:
- 9780824869199
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824831172.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
In the Edo period (1600–1868), status-and gender-based expectations largely defined a person’s place and identity in society. The wayfarers of the time, however, discovered that travel provided the ...
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In the Edo period (1600–1868), status-and gender-based expectations largely defined a person’s place and identity in society. The wayfarers of the time, however, discovered that travel provided the opportunity to escape from the confines of the everyday. Cultured travelers of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries wrote travel memoirs to celebrate their profession as belle-lettrists. For women in particular the open road and the blank page offered an opportunity to create personal hierarchies defined less by gender and more by culture and refinement. After the mid-eighteenth century, textbooks, guides, comical fiction, and woodblock prints allowed commoners to acquaint themselves with the historical, lyrical, or artistic pedigree of Japan’s famous sites. By identifying themselves with famous literary and historical icons, some saw an opportunity to rewrite their lives and re-create their identities in their travel diaries. The book first introduces the notion that the spaces of travel were malleable, accommodating reconceptualization across interpretive frames. It shows that, far from being static backgrounds, these travelscapes proliferated in a myriad of loci where one person’s center was another’s periphery. The book continues that in the course of the Edo period, educated persons used travel to, or through, revered lyrical sites to assert and enhance their roles and identities. Finally, the book looks at the intersection between recreational travel and the rising commercial economy, which allowed visitors to appropriate landscapes through new means: monetary transactions, acquisition of tangible icons, or other forms of physical interaction.Less
In the Edo period (1600–1868), status-and gender-based expectations largely defined a person’s place and identity in society. The wayfarers of the time, however, discovered that travel provided the opportunity to escape from the confines of the everyday. Cultured travelers of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries wrote travel memoirs to celebrate their profession as belle-lettrists. For women in particular the open road and the blank page offered an opportunity to create personal hierarchies defined less by gender and more by culture and refinement. After the mid-eighteenth century, textbooks, guides, comical fiction, and woodblock prints allowed commoners to acquaint themselves with the historical, lyrical, or artistic pedigree of Japan’s famous sites. By identifying themselves with famous literary and historical icons, some saw an opportunity to rewrite their lives and re-create their identities in their travel diaries. The book first introduces the notion that the spaces of travel were malleable, accommodating reconceptualization across interpretive frames. It shows that, far from being static backgrounds, these travelscapes proliferated in a myriad of loci where one person’s center was another’s periphery. The book continues that in the course of the Edo period, educated persons used travel to, or through, revered lyrical sites to assert and enhance their roles and identities. Finally, the book looks at the intersection between recreational travel and the rising commercial economy, which allowed visitors to appropriate landscapes through new means: monetary transactions, acquisition of tangible icons, or other forms of physical interaction.
