Anne D. Wallace
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198183280
- eISBN:
- 9780191674006
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198183280.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature, 19th-century Literature and Romanticism
This chapter discusses travelling and the transport revolution in the mid-18th century which affected walking in several ways. The alteration of the socio-economic content of walking is discussed in ...
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This chapter discusses travelling and the transport revolution in the mid-18th century which affected walking in several ways. The alteration of the socio-economic content of walking is discussed in this chapter. This was achieved by the revolution that took place in transport, fast and cheap travel was now accessible to the labouring classes, hence increasing the attractiveness of travel and removing walking's long-standing association with necessity, poverty, and vagrancy. The ease and speed of travelling to distant destinations and the shift of attention from destination to the process of travelling are discussed as well. These changes in the mode of travelling and in the socio-economic content of walking introduced peripatetic practices which arose out of the growing realization of true travelling through walking.Less
This chapter discusses travelling and the transport revolution in the mid-18th century which affected walking in several ways. The alteration of the socio-economic content of walking is discussed in this chapter. This was achieved by the revolution that took place in transport, fast and cheap travel was now accessible to the labouring classes, hence increasing the attractiveness of travel and removing walking's long-standing association with necessity, poverty, and vagrancy. The ease and speed of travelling to distant destinations and the shift of attention from destination to the process of travelling are discussed as well. These changes in the mode of travelling and in the socio-economic content of walking introduced peripatetic practices which arose out of the growing realization of true travelling through walking.
Luis Bértola and José Antonio Ocampo
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199662135
- eISBN:
- 9780191748950
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199662135.003.0003
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History, International
Chapter 3 analyzes the character and timing of export-led growth in the last decades of the XIX and first three decades of the XX century. This process was determined by the revolution in ...
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Chapter 3 analyzes the character and timing of export-led growth in the last decades of the XIX and first three decades of the XX century. This process was determined by the revolution in transportation, the expansion of industrialized countries' demand for raw materials and foodstuffs, and the political and institutional changes that had been taking place in most Latin American countries (liberal reforms, increasing domestic labor mobility, development of a genuine land market, new taxation systems, consolidation of power structures and increased institutional stability). Hefty capital inflows and mass immigration to some countries from Europe reinforced these transformations. Increased export activity led to a diversification of production structures in the leading regional economies, including early manufacturing development, a modern transport infrastructure, and rapid urbanization. The gap with the world leaders diminished for these economies, but remained large, particularly in terms of human capital. Inequality increased both between and within countries.Less
Chapter 3 analyzes the character and timing of export-led growth in the last decades of the XIX and first three decades of the XX century. This process was determined by the revolution in transportation, the expansion of industrialized countries' demand for raw materials and foodstuffs, and the political and institutional changes that had been taking place in most Latin American countries (liberal reforms, increasing domestic labor mobility, development of a genuine land market, new taxation systems, consolidation of power structures and increased institutional stability). Hefty capital inflows and mass immigration to some countries from Europe reinforced these transformations. Increased export activity led to a diversification of production structures in the leading regional economies, including early manufacturing development, a modern transport infrastructure, and rapid urbanization. The gap with the world leaders diminished for these economies, but remained large, particularly in terms of human capital. Inequality increased both between and within countries.
Peter Kunzlik
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199260744
- eISBN:
- 9780191698675
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199260744.003.0023
- Subject:
- Law, Philosophy of Law
Geographical isolation refers to the extent to which various boundaries that are concerned with politics, time, distance, and other such aspects isolate particular population centres from one ...
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Geographical isolation refers to the extent to which various boundaries that are concerned with politics, time, distance, and other such aspects isolate particular population centres from one another. This chapter asserts that geographical isolation, technological advances, and various improvements that both social and business organizations have undergone throughout the years, have brought about significant effects in shaping the approach that law adopts in dealing with competition. In doing this, the chapter identifies three major periods that are relevant in the history of competition law. The chapter first demonstrates, during the period of mercantilism, that law's approach was determined by geographical isolation. Secondly, it discusses how, in 19th-century America, the communications and transport revolution initiated the first modern system of competition law. Lastly, in the context of the current global era, the chapter examines the ‘e-revolution’, the transnational nature manifested in various business structures and aspects of trade liberalization.Less
Geographical isolation refers to the extent to which various boundaries that are concerned with politics, time, distance, and other such aspects isolate particular population centres from one another. This chapter asserts that geographical isolation, technological advances, and various improvements that both social and business organizations have undergone throughout the years, have brought about significant effects in shaping the approach that law adopts in dealing with competition. In doing this, the chapter identifies three major periods that are relevant in the history of competition law. The chapter first demonstrates, during the period of mercantilism, that law's approach was determined by geographical isolation. Secondly, it discusses how, in 19th-century America, the communications and transport revolution initiated the first modern system of competition law. Lastly, in the context of the current global era, the chapter examines the ‘e-revolution’, the transnational nature manifested in various business structures and aspects of trade liberalization.
Jeffrey G. Williamson
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262015158
- eISBN:
- 9780262295727
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262015158.003.0018
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
This chapter describes the first global century between 1820 and 1913. It discusses the move towards pro-trade policies in Western Europe; the transport revolution over both water and land at the ...
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This chapter describes the first global century between 1820 and 1913. It discusses the move towards pro-trade policies in Western Europe; the transport revolution over both water and land at the start of the nineteenth century; and the first growth miracle brought by the industrial revolutions in Western Europe and its English-speaking offshoots.Less
This chapter describes the first global century between 1820 and 1913. It discusses the move towards pro-trade policies in Western Europe; the transport revolution over both water and land at the start of the nineteenth century; and the first growth miracle brought by the industrial revolutions in Western Europe and its English-speaking offshoots.
Saeko Yoshikawa
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- January 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781789621181
- eISBN:
- 9781800341814
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781789621181.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century Literature and Romanticism
This book explores William Wordsworth’s pervasive influence on the tourist landscapes of the Lake District throughout the age of transport revolutions, popular tourism, and the Great 1914-18 War. It ...
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This book explores William Wordsworth’s pervasive influence on the tourist landscapes of the Lake District throughout the age of transport revolutions, popular tourism, and the Great 1914-18 War. It reveals how Wordsworth’s response to railways was not a straightforward matter of opposition and protest; his ideas were taken up by advocates and opponents of railways, and through their controversies had a surprising impact on the earliest motorists as they sought a language to describe the liberty and independence of their new mode of travel. Once the age of motoring was underway, the outbreak of the First World War encouraged British people to connect Wordsworth’s patriotic passion with his wish to protect the Lake District as a national heritage—a transition that would have momentous effects in the interwar period when the popularisation of motoring paradoxically brought a vogue for open-air activities and a renewal of Romantic pedestrianism. With the arrival of global tourism, preservation of the cultural landscape of the Lake District became an urgent national and international concern. By revealing how Romantic ideas of nature, travel, liberty and self-reliance were re-interpreted and utilized in discourses on landscape, transport, accessibility, preservation, war and cultural heritage, this book portrays multiple Wordsworthian legacies in modern ways of perceiving and valuing the nature and culture of the Lake District.Less
This book explores William Wordsworth’s pervasive influence on the tourist landscapes of the Lake District throughout the age of transport revolutions, popular tourism, and the Great 1914-18 War. It reveals how Wordsworth’s response to railways was not a straightforward matter of opposition and protest; his ideas were taken up by advocates and opponents of railways, and through their controversies had a surprising impact on the earliest motorists as they sought a language to describe the liberty and independence of their new mode of travel. Once the age of motoring was underway, the outbreak of the First World War encouraged British people to connect Wordsworth’s patriotic passion with his wish to protect the Lake District as a national heritage—a transition that would have momentous effects in the interwar period when the popularisation of motoring paradoxically brought a vogue for open-air activities and a renewal of Romantic pedestrianism. With the arrival of global tourism, preservation of the cultural landscape of the Lake District became an urgent national and international concern. By revealing how Romantic ideas of nature, travel, liberty and self-reliance were re-interpreted and utilized in discourses on landscape, transport, accessibility, preservation, war and cultural heritage, this book portrays multiple Wordsworthian legacies in modern ways of perceiving and valuing the nature and culture of the Lake District.
Saeko Yoshikawa
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- January 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781789621181
- eISBN:
- 9781800341814
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781789621181.003.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century Literature and Romanticism
After establishing the scope and critical context of the book, the Introduction gives a brief history of the A591 main road linking Kendal and Keswick. This ancient road was and is the central axis ...
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After establishing the scope and critical context of the book, the Introduction gives a brief history of the A591 main road linking Kendal and Keswick. This ancient road was and is the central axis of the Lake District in many respects; it was a setting for several poems of Wordsworth, and along it Wordsworth, Coleridge and other Romantic writers took up residence. Attracted by these literary associations and by the spectacular landscape, tourists have journeyed along the road on foot, by coach, by bicycle, and in motor vehicles. The surrounding landscape has also been a centre of campaigns against many projected incursions by railways and road constructions. As a principal site of the book, this chapter gives a cultural and social portrayal of the road, following Hardwick Drummond Rawnsley’s coach journey of 1888 — a glimpse of the last days of pre-modern literary tourism by coach — to highlight how this traditional mode of travel was affected by the age of transport revolutions.Less
After establishing the scope and critical context of the book, the Introduction gives a brief history of the A591 main road linking Kendal and Keswick. This ancient road was and is the central axis of the Lake District in many respects; it was a setting for several poems of Wordsworth, and along it Wordsworth, Coleridge and other Romantic writers took up residence. Attracted by these literary associations and by the spectacular landscape, tourists have journeyed along the road on foot, by coach, by bicycle, and in motor vehicles. The surrounding landscape has also been a centre of campaigns against many projected incursions by railways and road constructions. As a principal site of the book, this chapter gives a cultural and social portrayal of the road, following Hardwick Drummond Rawnsley’s coach journey of 1888 — a glimpse of the last days of pre-modern literary tourism by coach — to highlight how this traditional mode of travel was affected by the age of transport revolutions.