Alec Stone Sweet
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199275533
- eISBN:
- 9780191602009
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019927553X.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
The evolution of the European Community (EC) towards a supranational constitution is charted by combining three different perspectives. First, an examination is made of the major features of the ...
More
The evolution of the European Community (EC) towards a supranational constitution is charted by combining three different perspectives. First, an examination is made of the major features of the integration process since 1959, which argues that the European market and polity developed symbiotically, as the activities of economic actors, organized interests, litigators and judges, and the EC's legislative and regulatory organs became linked, to create a self‐sustaining, dynamic system. Second, the ‘constitutionalization’ of the treaty system is investigated, and the activities of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) surveyed; among other things, constitutionalization secured property rights for transnational market actors, expanded the discretionary powers of national judges, and reduced the EC's intergovernmental character. Third, the relationship between the ECJ and the national courts is considered, focusing on how intra‐judicial conflict and cooperation have shaped the production of specific constitutional doctrines; through these ‘constitutional dialogues’, the supremacy of EC law was gradually achieved, rendering it judicially enforceable. Overall, the chapter situates the development of the European legal system within the overall process of European integration.Less
The evolution of the European Community (EC) towards a supranational constitution is charted by combining three different perspectives. First, an examination is made of the major features of the integration process since 1959, which argues that the European market and polity developed symbiotically, as the activities of economic actors, organized interests, litigators and judges, and the EC's legislative and regulatory organs became linked, to create a self‐sustaining, dynamic system. Second, the ‘constitutionalization’ of the treaty system is investigated, and the activities of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) surveyed; among other things, constitutionalization secured property rights for transnational market actors, expanded the discretionary powers of national judges, and reduced the EC's intergovernmental character. Third, the relationship between the ECJ and the national courts is considered, focusing on how intra‐judicial conflict and cooperation have shaped the production of specific constitutional doctrines; through these ‘constitutional dialogues’, the supremacy of EC law was gradually achieved, rendering it judicially enforceable. Overall, the chapter situates the development of the European legal system within the overall process of European integration.
Mark Juergensmeyer (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195188356
- eISBN:
- 9780199785247
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195188356.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
The essays in this volume explore the difficulties and possibilities of diverse religious groups occupying the same public space. It is shown that religion is not only identified with the culture and ...
More
The essays in this volume explore the difficulties and possibilities of diverse religious groups occupying the same public space. It is shown that religion is not only identified with the culture and politics of the hostile anti-urban village, but is also compatible with the tolerance and respect needed in the global city. Some religious activists have blown things up, but others have tried to smooth things over. Prophetic religious voices call for moderation, justice, and environmental protection. Even the religious opposition to globalization is nuanced. Some violent activists, like Hindu extremists in India, want a new religious state. Others, like Christian militias or al Qaeda, envision a transnational religious entity — a kind of religious globalization to supplant the secular one. Still others call for an alternative to secular globalization that embraces religious values in a multicultural milieu. These essays demonstrate that religion plays diverse and sometimes contradictory roles in the new global culture. The contributors to this volume deftly navigate the complex terrain of religion and global society, offering a striking new vision of the future of religion in a changing world.Less
The essays in this volume explore the difficulties and possibilities of diverse religious groups occupying the same public space. It is shown that religion is not only identified with the culture and politics of the hostile anti-urban village, but is also compatible with the tolerance and respect needed in the global city. Some religious activists have blown things up, but others have tried to smooth things over. Prophetic religious voices call for moderation, justice, and environmental protection. Even the religious opposition to globalization is nuanced. Some violent activists, like Hindu extremists in India, want a new religious state. Others, like Christian militias or al Qaeda, envision a transnational religious entity — a kind of religious globalization to supplant the secular one. Still others call for an alternative to secular globalization that embraces religious values in a multicultural milieu. These essays demonstrate that religion plays diverse and sometimes contradictory roles in the new global culture. The contributors to this volume deftly navigate the complex terrain of religion and global society, offering a striking new vision of the future of religion in a changing world.
Alec Stone Sweet, Wayne Sandholtz, and Neil Fligstein (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- April 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199247967
- eISBN:
- 9780191601088
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019924796X.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
In 1950, a European political space existed, if only as a very primitive site of international governance. Now, at the beginning of the twenty-first century, the European Union governs in an ...
More
In 1950, a European political space existed, if only as a very primitive site of international governance. Now, at the beginning of the twenty-first century, the European Union governs in an ever-growing number of policy domains. Increasingly dense networks of transnational actors representing electorates, member state governments, firms, and specialized interests operate in arenas that are best understood as supranational. At the same time, the capacity of European organizations – the European Central Bank, the European Commission, and the European Court of Justice – to make authoritative policy decisions has steadily expanded, profoundly transforming the very nature of the European polity. This book, a companion volume and extension to European Integration and Supranational Governance (which was published in 1998), offers readers a sophisticated theoretical account of this transformation, as well as original empirical research. Like the earlier book, it was basically funded by a grant from the University of California (Berkeley) Center for German and European Studies, with additional support from the University of California (Irvine) Center for Global Peace and Conflict Studies, and the Robert Schumann Centre for Advanced Study at the European University Institute, San Domenico di Fiesole (partly through the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs). The authors, a small group of social scientists, collaborated for three years and met in four workshops, with penultimate versions of the papers presented at the final conference (at the Schumann Centre) forming the chapters of the book. The editors elaborate an innovative synthesis of institutionalist theory that contributors use to explain the sources and consequences of the emergence and institutionalization of European political arenas. Some chapters examine the evolution of integration and supranational governance across time and policy domain. Others recount more discrete episodes, including the development of women’s rights, the judicial review of administrative acts, a stable system of interest group representation, and enhanced cooperation in foreign policy and security; the creation of the European Central Bank; the emergence of new policy competences, such as for policing and immigration; and the multi-dimensional impact of European policies on national modes of governance.Less
In 1950, a European political space existed, if only as a very primitive site of international governance. Now, at the beginning of the twenty-first century, the European Union governs in an ever-growing number of policy domains. Increasingly dense networks of transnational actors representing electorates, member state governments, firms, and specialized interests operate in arenas that are best understood as supranational. At the same time, the capacity of European organizations – the European Central Bank, the European Commission, and the European Court of Justice – to make authoritative policy decisions has steadily expanded, profoundly transforming the very nature of the European polity. This book, a companion volume and extension to European Integration and Supranational Governance (which was published in 1998), offers readers a sophisticated theoretical account of this transformation, as well as original empirical research. Like the earlier book, it was basically funded by a grant from the University of California (Berkeley) Center for German and European Studies, with additional support from the University of California (Irvine) Center for Global Peace and Conflict Studies, and the Robert Schumann Centre for Advanced Study at the European University Institute, San Domenico di Fiesole (partly through the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs). The authors, a small group of social scientists, collaborated for three years and met in four workshops, with penultimate versions of the papers presented at the final conference (at the Schumann Centre) forming the chapters of the book. The editors elaborate an innovative synthesis of institutionalist theory that contributors use to explain the sources and consequences of the emergence and institutionalization of European political arenas. Some chapters examine the evolution of integration and supranational governance across time and policy domain. Others recount more discrete episodes, including the development of women’s rights, the judicial review of administrative acts, a stable system of interest group representation, and enhanced cooperation in foreign policy and security; the creation of the European Central Bank; the emergence of new policy competences, such as for policing and immigration; and the multi-dimensional impact of European policies on national modes of governance.
Susanne Hoeber Rudolph
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195188356
- eISBN:
- 9780199785247
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195188356.003.0010
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This essay inquires into the implications of the “fading of the state” for religion and the prospects for a universal “ecumene” in the expanding transnational space. Assuming that forms of polity and ...
More
This essay inquires into the implications of the “fading of the state” for religion and the prospects for a universal “ecumene” in the expanding transnational space. Assuming that forms of polity and forms of religiosity have an effect on each other, one should expect the thinning of state boundaries and the expansion of transnational political, social, and economic institutions and epistemes to affect forms of religiosity and the formulation of religious goals. Excluding the likelihood that the new transnationalism would favor resurrecting a universal church, this essay concludes by exploring the prospects and challenges posed by ecumenism or “universal religiosity” grounded in the principle that there is truth in all religions.Less
This essay inquires into the implications of the “fading of the state” for religion and the prospects for a universal “ecumene” in the expanding transnational space. Assuming that forms of polity and forms of religiosity have an effect on each other, one should expect the thinning of state boundaries and the expansion of transnational political, social, and economic institutions and epistemes to affect forms of religiosity and the formulation of religious goals. Excluding the likelihood that the new transnationalism would favor resurrecting a universal church, this essay concludes by exploring the prospects and challenges posed by ecumenism or “universal religiosity” grounded in the principle that there is truth in all religions.
R. D. Grillo
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198294269
- eISBN:
- 9780191599378
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198294263.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
In the last third of the twentieth century, contrary to what modernity predicted, ethnic and cultural difference had a high salience, and contemporary societies in Europe and North America felt ...
More
In the last third of the twentieth century, contrary to what modernity predicted, ethnic and cultural difference had a high salience, and contemporary societies in Europe and North America felt compelled to recognize this and implement policies of multiculturalism to cope with the demands that emanated from it. The reasons for this shift to the recognition of difference are complex, but it may be partly ascribed to the vast social, economic, and technological changes associated with post‐industrial economies under conditions of neoliberalism and globalization. In countries of immigration, transnationalism, too, enhanced the space of ethnic and cultural pluralism. Yet, pluralism may take many forms, and it is unclear whether the difference that will prevail in contemporary post‐modern societies will take the form of an essentialist version of multiculturalism, or some kind of ‘hybridity’.Less
In the last third of the twentieth century, contrary to what modernity predicted, ethnic and cultural difference had a high salience, and contemporary societies in Europe and North America felt compelled to recognize this and implement policies of multiculturalism to cope with the demands that emanated from it. The reasons for this shift to the recognition of difference are complex, but it may be partly ascribed to the vast social, economic, and technological changes associated with post‐industrial economies under conditions of neoliberalism and globalization. In countries of immigration, transnationalism, too, enhanced the space of ethnic and cultural pluralism. Yet, pluralism may take many forms, and it is unclear whether the difference that will prevail in contemporary post‐modern societies will take the form of an essentialist version of multiculturalism, or some kind of ‘hybridity’.
Saskia Sassen
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198292296
- eISBN:
- 9780191599569
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198292295.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter discusses the emergence of a de facto transnationalism in the handling of immigration issues. Transnationalism is applied to immigration policy developments that are viewed as fragmented ...
More
This chapter discusses the emergence of a de facto transnationalism in the handling of immigration issues. Transnationalism is applied to immigration policy developments that are viewed as fragmented and incipient, have not been fully captured at the most formal levels of international public law and conventions, nor in the national representations of the sovereign state. Discussions cover the operation of states under a new rule of law, the two cornerstones of immigration policy in developed countries — the border and individual as sites for regulatory enforcement, and the constraints faced by developed nations in formulating immigration policy.Less
This chapter discusses the emergence of a de facto transnationalism in the handling of immigration issues. Transnationalism is applied to immigration policy developments that are viewed as fragmented and incipient, have not been fully captured at the most formal levels of international public law and conventions, nor in the national representations of the sovereign state. Discussions cover the operation of states under a new rule of law, the two cornerstones of immigration policy in developed countries — the border and individual as sites for regulatory enforcement, and the constraints faced by developed nations in formulating immigration policy.
John O. Voll
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195323405
- eISBN:
- 9780199869237
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195323405.003.0010
- Subject:
- Religion, Sikhism
In a globalizing world, members of the same religious community, anchored in different parts of the world, have greater capacity to increase their cultural, social, and economic links with one ...
More
In a globalizing world, members of the same religious community, anchored in different parts of the world, have greater capacity to increase their cultural, social, and economic links with one another. Ironically, this chapter points out how the rise of religious pluralism amid globalization has also strengthened the hand of Muslim leaders such as Osama Bin Laden, intent on destroying pluralism altogether. Al-Qaeda preaches peace but glorifies violence. Bin Laden’s view that violent jihad is an obligation on individual believers isolates him from leading Muslim scholars and jurists. Still, he has been able to gather and hold a sizable following, through dramatic actions, but also through the very same communications technologies that drive religious pluralism and create soft power in world affairs.Less
In a globalizing world, members of the same religious community, anchored in different parts of the world, have greater capacity to increase their cultural, social, and economic links with one another. Ironically, this chapter points out how the rise of religious pluralism amid globalization has also strengthened the hand of Muslim leaders such as Osama Bin Laden, intent on destroying pluralism altogether. Al-Qaeda preaches peace but glorifies violence. Bin Laden’s view that violent jihad is an obligation on individual believers isolates him from leading Muslim scholars and jurists. Still, he has been able to gather and hold a sizable following, through dramatic actions, but also through the very same communications technologies that drive religious pluralism and create soft power in world affairs.
Terence O. Ranger
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195174779
- eISBN:
- 9780199871858
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195174779.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, World Religions
This introductory chapter lays out the theoretical foundations of the volume. Topics discussed include definitions of terms such as “evangelical Christianity” and “democracy”, Africa's democratic ...
More
This introductory chapter lays out the theoretical foundations of the volume. Topics discussed include definitions of terms such as “evangelical Christianity” and “democracy”, Africa's democratic history, the role of churches in the Third Democratic Revolution, and evangelical transnationalism.Less
This introductory chapter lays out the theoretical foundations of the volume. Topics discussed include definitions of terms such as “evangelical Christianity” and “democracy”, Africa's democratic history, the role of churches in the Third Democratic Revolution, and evangelical transnationalism.
William J. Maxwell
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691130200
- eISBN:
- 9781400852062
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691130200.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
This part marshals the largely uncompiled evidence of FBI author files to suggest that the worst suspicions about the stakeout of Paris noir were basically correct—that Wright was not too wrong, it ...
More
This part marshals the largely uncompiled evidence of FBI author files to suggest that the worst suspicions about the stakeout of Paris noir were basically correct—that Wright was not too wrong, it follows, when he darkly joked that any African American “who is not paranoid is in serious shape,” at least if he or she sought literary license outside the United States during the Hoover era. Two decades before American involvement in World War II opened the floodgates of black Paris, the FBI began to influence the movements of expatriate Afro-modernists—this even as it manipulated “lit.-cop federalism” to nationalize itself in the mind of white America. In the French capital of black transnationalism, and satellites beyond, FBI agents and informers kept tabs on a network of black literary travelers they hoped to link by the vulnerabilities of statelessness alone. Thus, this book's fourth thesis: The FBI helped to define the twentieth-century Black Atlantic, both blocking and forcing its flows.Less
This part marshals the largely uncompiled evidence of FBI author files to suggest that the worst suspicions about the stakeout of Paris noir were basically correct—that Wright was not too wrong, it follows, when he darkly joked that any African American “who is not paranoid is in serious shape,” at least if he or she sought literary license outside the United States during the Hoover era. Two decades before American involvement in World War II opened the floodgates of black Paris, the FBI began to influence the movements of expatriate Afro-modernists—this even as it manipulated “lit.-cop federalism” to nationalize itself in the mind of white America. In the French capital of black transnationalism, and satellites beyond, FBI agents and informers kept tabs on a network of black literary travelers they hoped to link by the vulnerabilities of statelessness alone. Thus, this book's fourth thesis: The FBI helped to define the twentieth-century Black Atlantic, both blocking and forcing its flows.
Josephine Nock-Hee Park
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195332735
- eISBN:
- 9780199868148
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195332735.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Poetry, American, 20th Century Literature
This book traces an American literary history of transpacific alliances which spans the 20th century. Increasing material and economic ties between the U.S. and East Asia at the end of the 19th ...
More
This book traces an American literary history of transpacific alliances which spans the 20th century. Increasing material and economic ties between the U.S. and East Asia at the end of the 19th century facilitated an imagined spiritual and aesthetic accord that bridged the Pacific, and this study reads the expression and repercussions of these links in American Orientalist and Asian American poetry. After considering both the transcendence and constraints of a structure of alliance between East and West in the introductory chapter, the first half of the study examines two key American instigators of Orientalist poetics, Ezra Pound and Gary Snyder, who imagined an identity between Eastern philosophy and idealized notions of America. Their literary alliances imposed a singular burden on Asian American poets, and the second half of the study considers a range of formal negotiations with this legacy in the poetry of Lawson Fusao Inada, Theresa Hak Kyung Cha, and Myung Mi Kim. In examining avant‐garde Asian American poetry against an American Orientalist past, this book reads the intersection of modernist and minority poetics.Less
This book traces an American literary history of transpacific alliances which spans the 20th century. Increasing material and economic ties between the U.S. and East Asia at the end of the 19th century facilitated an imagined spiritual and aesthetic accord that bridged the Pacific, and this study reads the expression and repercussions of these links in American Orientalist and Asian American poetry. After considering both the transcendence and constraints of a structure of alliance between East and West in the introductory chapter, the first half of the study examines two key American instigators of Orientalist poetics, Ezra Pound and Gary Snyder, who imagined an identity between Eastern philosophy and idealized notions of America. Their literary alliances imposed a singular burden on Asian American poets, and the second half of the study considers a range of formal negotiations with this legacy in the poetry of Lawson Fusao Inada, Theresa Hak Kyung Cha, and Myung Mi Kim. In examining avant‐garde Asian American poetry against an American Orientalist past, this book reads the intersection of modernist and minority poetics.
Xenophon A. Yataganas and George Pagoulatos
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199594627
- eISBN:
- 9780191595738
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199594627.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union, Political Theory
George Pagoulatos and Xenophon Yataganas argue that the prevalent European story among Greek public intellectuals has equated Europe with progress, identifying the country's modernization challenge ...
More
George Pagoulatos and Xenophon Yataganas argue that the prevalent European story among Greek public intellectuals has equated Europe with progress, identifying the country's modernization challenge with catching up with Europe. Consequently, pro‐European supranationalism has been the most vocal opposition pole of the debate, struggling against a long tradition of cultural gravitation towards Eastern Orthodoxy, ethnocentrism, a nostalgic communitarian vision of the past, a “culture of the underdog”, or the statist/national school of thought. The independence versus integration divide has been the most salient one in the Greek public intellectual debate. Such ideological polarization, however, has been mitigated by the emergence of a “third pole” of transnationalism which was given impetus by the increasing complexity and mishaps of the European integration project, and especially the disenchantment following the rejection of the European Constitutional Treaty. This transnational school of thought is gathering pace among Greek intellectuals who are principally European scholars.Less
George Pagoulatos and Xenophon Yataganas argue that the prevalent European story among Greek public intellectuals has equated Europe with progress, identifying the country's modernization challenge with catching up with Europe. Consequently, pro‐European supranationalism has been the most vocal opposition pole of the debate, struggling against a long tradition of cultural gravitation towards Eastern Orthodoxy, ethnocentrism, a nostalgic communitarian vision of the past, a “culture of the underdog”, or the statist/national school of thought. The independence versus integration divide has been the most salient one in the Greek public intellectual debate. Such ideological polarization, however, has been mitigated by the emergence of a “third pole” of transnationalism which was given impetus by the increasing complexity and mishaps of the European integration project, and especially the disenchantment following the rejection of the European Constitutional Treaty. This transnational school of thought is gathering pace among Greek intellectuals who are principally European scholars.
Matthew Hart
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195390339
- eISBN:
- 9780199776191
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195390339.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism
This book explores what happens when poets identify vernacular language with the spirit of transnational modernity. It asks whether vernacular poetries are doomed to be provincial or implicitly ...
More
This book explores what happens when poets identify vernacular language with the spirit of transnational modernity. It asks whether vernacular poetries are doomed to be provincial or implicitly xenophobic. And it explains how modernist poets created new “synthetic vernacular” discourses in order to reimagine the relations among people, their languages, and the communities in which they live. This book begins with introductory chapters on the formal, literary‐historical, and ideological implications of “synthetic vernacular” writing. It then offers five case studies of Scottish, English, Caribbean, African‐American, and Anglo‐American poetries from the high modernist period through the 1990s. It combines discussions of critical theory and political history with extended analysis of poems by Hugh MacDiarmid, Basil Bunting, Kamau Brathwaite and T. S. Eliot, Melvin B. Tolson and Harryette Mullen, and Mina Loy. In doing so, it produces a new interpretation of Anglophone modernism that disrupts the literary‐critical antinomy between “national” and “transnational” aesthetic and ideological values. Describing how poets make “synthetic vernacular” poems out of a disordered medley of formal and linguistic parts, this book explains how poetic modernism is shaped by the incompletely globalized nature of twentieth‐century history, in which the nation‐state's status as a primary mediator of cultural and political identity comes under unprecedented pressure but does not break.Less
This book explores what happens when poets identify vernacular language with the spirit of transnational modernity. It asks whether vernacular poetries are doomed to be provincial or implicitly xenophobic. And it explains how modernist poets created new “synthetic vernacular” discourses in order to reimagine the relations among people, their languages, and the communities in which they live. This book begins with introductory chapters on the formal, literary‐historical, and ideological implications of “synthetic vernacular” writing. It then offers five case studies of Scottish, English, Caribbean, African‐American, and Anglo‐American poetries from the high modernist period through the 1990s. It combines discussions of critical theory and political history with extended analysis of poems by Hugh MacDiarmid, Basil Bunting, Kamau Brathwaite and T. S. Eliot, Melvin B. Tolson and Harryette Mullen, and Mina Loy. In doing so, it produces a new interpretation of Anglophone modernism that disrupts the literary‐critical antinomy between “national” and “transnational” aesthetic and ideological values. Describing how poets make “synthetic vernacular” poems out of a disordered medley of formal and linguistic parts, this book explains how poetic modernism is shaped by the incompletely globalized nature of twentieth‐century history, in which the nation‐state's status as a primary mediator of cultural and political identity comes under unprecedented pressure but does not break.
Joseph Sung‐Yul Park
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195327359
- eISBN:
- 9780199870639
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195327359.003.0012
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
This chapter highlights the relevance of international students for the study of Asian Pacific American identities. Despite dominant views that frame them as “foreigners” with no place in the ...
More
This chapter highlights the relevance of international students for the study of Asian Pacific American identities. Despite dominant views that frame them as “foreigners” with no place in the constitution of American society, these students transcend such distinctions by reinterpreting and reformulating their experiences of transnationalism through discourse. This chapter traces this process through an analysis of how a group of Korean graduate students studying in the United States deploy and resignify discursive practices associated with Korean society to make sense of their positions within a network of new relational oppositions. In particular, it focuses on how language ideologies that construct Koreans as illegitimate speakers of English are used as a resource for negotiating the students' liminal status in the United States.Less
This chapter highlights the relevance of international students for the study of Asian Pacific American identities. Despite dominant views that frame them as “foreigners” with no place in the constitution of American society, these students transcend such distinctions by reinterpreting and reformulating their experiences of transnationalism through discourse. This chapter traces this process through an analysis of how a group of Korean graduate students studying in the United States deploy and resignify discursive practices associated with Korean society to make sense of their positions within a network of new relational oppositions. In particular, it focuses on how language ideologies that construct Koreans as illegitimate speakers of English are used as a resource for negotiating the students' liminal status in the United States.
Paul Giles
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691136134
- eISBN:
- 9781400836512
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691136134.003.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
This book explores relationship between American literature and globalization and how this equation has fluctuated and evolved over time. In addition to works of fiction or poetry that are organized ...
More
This book explores relationship between American literature and globalization and how this equation has fluctuated and evolved over time. In addition to works of fiction or poetry that are organized explicitly around particular conceptions of place, the book considers how a wide range of texts are informed implicitly by other kinds of geographical projection, of the type found in cartography and other forms of mapping. It argues that the connection between American literature and geography, far from being something that can be taken as natural, involves contested terrain. The book also examines how the United States has moved from a national phase to a matrix of transnationalism and relates it to the idea of deterritorialization first broached in 1972 by French theorists Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, and how this move toward a transnational infrastructure has manifested itself in American literature.Less
This book explores relationship between American literature and globalization and how this equation has fluctuated and evolved over time. In addition to works of fiction or poetry that are organized explicitly around particular conceptions of place, the book considers how a wide range of texts are informed implicitly by other kinds of geographical projection, of the type found in cartography and other forms of mapping. It argues that the connection between American literature and geography, far from being something that can be taken as natural, involves contested terrain. The book also examines how the United States has moved from a national phase to a matrix of transnationalism and relates it to the idea of deterritorialization first broached in 1972 by French theorists Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, and how this move toward a transnational infrastructure has manifested itself in American literature.
Alessandro Monsutti
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197264591
- eISBN:
- 9780191734397
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264591.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
Since the 1980s, migration has undergone various developments that have changed the understanding of the concept of migration. The former understanding of migration as the integration of the migrant ...
More
Since the 1980s, migration has undergone various developments that have changed the understanding of the concept of migration. The former understanding of migration as the integration of the migrant in the host society or the return of the migrant to the society of origin was proceeded by complex migrations and multiple social relations across boundaries. This migration trend paved the way for the term ‘transnationalism’. This term suggests that sociocultural groups are no longer territorially defined but rather are defined through migrations, and a global ethnography has been created. This chapter illustrates the broad potential of the transnational approach by analysing Afghan refugees and migrants, particularly the Hazaras who originated in the mountainous region of Afghanistan. These refugees were a result of the 1978 communist coup and the 1979 Soviet intervention in Afghanistan. Afghan refugees form the largest displaced population. This exodus of the Afghans was not entirely dictated by war, insecurity and poverty but as well as the nomadic nature of their life where mobility is seen as a planned strategy. In migration and exile, the process of integration and definitive return are seldom achieved as movement and mobility is continuous.Less
Since the 1980s, migration has undergone various developments that have changed the understanding of the concept of migration. The former understanding of migration as the integration of the migrant in the host society or the return of the migrant to the society of origin was proceeded by complex migrations and multiple social relations across boundaries. This migration trend paved the way for the term ‘transnationalism’. This term suggests that sociocultural groups are no longer territorially defined but rather are defined through migrations, and a global ethnography has been created. This chapter illustrates the broad potential of the transnational approach by analysing Afghan refugees and migrants, particularly the Hazaras who originated in the mountainous region of Afghanistan. These refugees were a result of the 1978 communist coup and the 1979 Soviet intervention in Afghanistan. Afghan refugees form the largest displaced population. This exodus of the Afghans was not entirely dictated by war, insecurity and poverty but as well as the nomadic nature of their life where mobility is seen as a planned strategy. In migration and exile, the process of integration and definitive return are seldom achieved as movement and mobility is continuous.
Alan Gamlen
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199600458
- eISBN:
- 9780191723544
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199600458.003.0012
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory, International Relations and Politics
This chapter examines how and why states regulate their diasporas, and considers whether and how they should do so. The chapter begins by noting that the extra-territorial components of state ...
More
This chapter examines how and why states regulate their diasporas, and considers whether and how they should do so. The chapter begins by noting that the extra-territorial components of state policies are relatively overlooked aspects of global migration governance—which tends to be conceived in terms of international relations between migrant-receiving and -sending countries. Drawing on a large comparative study, the first section of the chapter highlights that many states dedicate a portion of the state apparatus—referred to as ‘the emigration state’—to emigration and the diaspora. It identifies four different types of emigration state (engaged, disengaged, paper-only, and incoherent) and describes the main features of each, noting that only ‘engaged’ states exhibit a coherent range of mechanisms relating to the diaspora. The second section of the chapter begins to develop explanatory hypotheses for each type, outlining an agenda for further research. The final section of the chapter evaluates arguments for and against ‘engaging diasporas’ in terms of interests, norms, and global cooperation. Based on this evaluation, it concludes there is a need for more coherence in this area of global migration governance.Less
This chapter examines how and why states regulate their diasporas, and considers whether and how they should do so. The chapter begins by noting that the extra-territorial components of state policies are relatively overlooked aspects of global migration governance—which tends to be conceived in terms of international relations between migrant-receiving and -sending countries. Drawing on a large comparative study, the first section of the chapter highlights that many states dedicate a portion of the state apparatus—referred to as ‘the emigration state’—to emigration and the diaspora. It identifies four different types of emigration state (engaged, disengaged, paper-only, and incoherent) and describes the main features of each, noting that only ‘engaged’ states exhibit a coherent range of mechanisms relating to the diaspora. The second section of the chapter begins to develop explanatory hypotheses for each type, outlining an agenda for further research. The final section of the chapter evaluates arguments for and against ‘engaging diasporas’ in terms of interests, norms, and global cooperation. Based on this evaluation, it concludes there is a need for more coherence in this area of global migration governance.
Ursula K Heise
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195335637
- eISBN:
- 9780199869022
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195335637.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory, 20th-century and Contemporary Literature
This book analyzes the relationship between the imagination of the global and the ethical commitment to the local in environmentalist thought and writing from the 1960s to the present. Part I ...
More
This book analyzes the relationship between the imagination of the global and the ethical commitment to the local in environmentalist thought and writing from the 1960s to the present. Part I critically examines the emphasis on local identities and communities in North American environmentalism by establishing conceptual connections between environmentalism and ecocriticism, on one hand, and theories of globalization, transnationalism, and cosmopolitanism, on the other. It proposes the concept of “eco-cosmopolitanism” as a shorthand for envisioning these connections and the cultural and aesthetic forms into which they translate. Part II focuses on conceptualizations of environmental danger and connects environmentalist and ecocritical thought with the interdisciplinary field of risk theory in the social sciences, arguing that environmental justice theory and ecocriticism stand to benefit from closer consideration of the theories of cosmopolitanism that have arisen in this field from the analysis of transnational communities at risk. Both parts of the book combine in-depth theoretical discussion with detailed analyses of novels, poems, films, computer software, and installation artworks from the United States and abroad that translate new connections between global, national, and local forms of awareness into innovative aesthetic forms combining allegory, epic, and views of the planet as a whole with modernist and postmodernist strategies of fragmentation, montage, collage, and zooming.Less
This book analyzes the relationship between the imagination of the global and the ethical commitment to the local in environmentalist thought and writing from the 1960s to the present. Part I critically examines the emphasis on local identities and communities in North American environmentalism by establishing conceptual connections between environmentalism and ecocriticism, on one hand, and theories of globalization, transnationalism, and cosmopolitanism, on the other. It proposes the concept of “eco-cosmopolitanism” as a shorthand for envisioning these connections and the cultural and aesthetic forms into which they translate. Part II focuses on conceptualizations of environmental danger and connects environmentalist and ecocritical thought with the interdisciplinary field of risk theory in the social sciences, arguing that environmental justice theory and ecocriticism stand to benefit from closer consideration of the theories of cosmopolitanism that have arisen in this field from the analysis of transnational communities at risk. Both parts of the book combine in-depth theoretical discussion with detailed analyses of novels, poems, films, computer software, and installation artworks from the United States and abroad that translate new connections between global, national, and local forms of awareness into innovative aesthetic forms combining allegory, epic, and views of the planet as a whole with modernist and postmodernist strategies of fragmentation, montage, collage, and zooming.
Latha Varadarajan
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199733910
- eISBN:
- 9780199866205
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199733910.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter begins with an analysis of the dominant disciplinary understandings of trasnationalism and identity, exposing the limitations of their reductive framing, specifically within the liberal ...
More
This chapter begins with an analysis of the dominant disciplinary understandings of trasnationalism and identity, exposing the limitations of their reductive framing, specifically within the liberal constructivist tradition. To make theoretical sense of the broad and contradictory interactions that constitute the domestic abroad, the rest of the chapter presents a systematic analysis that delineates first the political and then the economic dimensions of the domestic abroad, revealing the manner in which they are related to each other through an elucidation of the concept of hegemony. This framework then sets the stage for understanding the domestic abroad as the product of the processes through which the bourgeoisie, in the context of the development of capitalism on a global scale, continues its attempts to establish a seemingly organic connection between its interests and the interests of the nation-at-large, and to legitimize its hegemonic status.Less
This chapter begins with an analysis of the dominant disciplinary understandings of trasnationalism and identity, exposing the limitations of their reductive framing, specifically within the liberal constructivist tradition. To make theoretical sense of the broad and contradictory interactions that constitute the domestic abroad, the rest of the chapter presents a systematic analysis that delineates first the political and then the economic dimensions of the domestic abroad, revealing the manner in which they are related to each other through an elucidation of the concept of hegemony. This framework then sets the stage for understanding the domestic abroad as the product of the processes through which the bourgeoisie, in the context of the development of capitalism on a global scale, continues its attempts to establish a seemingly organic connection between its interests and the interests of the nation-at-large, and to legitimize its hegemonic status.
Benjamin Harshav
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520079588
- eISBN:
- 9780520912960
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520079588.003.0002
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, there were waves of pogroms and persecution; world wars and expulsions; the British White Paper of 1939 that barred further Jewish immigration and ...
More
In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, there were waves of pogroms and persecution; world wars and expulsions; the British White Paper of 1939 that barred further Jewish immigration and settlement in Palestine; the gates of Western countries closed to refugees from Nazi persecution. There was the total destruction of the nation in Europe, the center of its life for a millennium. However, people often overlook the fact that there were also crucial positive conditions. There were sweeping and comprehensive historical circumstances—some of them intended directly for the Jews, most not related to them at all—that enabled the Jews, in the final analysis, to change the very nature of their hovering existence of transnationalism.Less
In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, there were waves of pogroms and persecution; world wars and expulsions; the British White Paper of 1939 that barred further Jewish immigration and settlement in Palestine; the gates of Western countries closed to refugees from Nazi persecution. There was the total destruction of the nation in Europe, the center of its life for a millennium. However, people often overlook the fact that there were also crucial positive conditions. There were sweeping and comprehensive historical circumstances—some of them intended directly for the Jews, most not related to them at all—that enabled the Jews, in the final analysis, to change the very nature of their hovering existence of transnationalism.
Jennifer Scheper Hughes
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195367065
- eISBN:
- 9780199867370
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195367065.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
The annual celebration of the fiesta in honor of the Cristo Aparecido is aesthetic rather than penitential in nature. Tenderness and affection, rather than pity or sorrow, are the emotions with which ...
More
The annual celebration of the fiesta in honor of the Cristo Aparecido is aesthetic rather than penitential in nature. Tenderness and affection, rather than pity or sorrow, are the emotions with which devotees most commonly regard their santo Cristo. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, devotion to the Cristo Aparecido finds new expression in the exercise of transnational religion: migrants from Mexico travel to and fro across the U.S. Mexican border, settling in San Juan Capistrano. In this southern California locale, immigrants immerse themselves in the religious life of the local Catholic church at the same time that they continue to organize and participate in the annual fiesta in Totolapan.Less
The annual celebration of the fiesta in honor of the Cristo Aparecido is aesthetic rather than penitential in nature. Tenderness and affection, rather than pity or sorrow, are the emotions with which devotees most commonly regard their santo Cristo. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, devotion to the Cristo Aparecido finds new expression in the exercise of transnational religion: migrants from Mexico travel to and fro across the U.S. Mexican border, settling in San Juan Capistrano. In this southern California locale, immigrants immerse themselves in the religious life of the local Catholic church at the same time that they continue to organize and participate in the annual fiesta in Totolapan.
