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Conclusion: Continuity Through Guided Mobility

Mirjam Lücking

in Indonesians and Their Arab World: Guided Mobility among Labor Migrants and Mecca Pilgrims

This chapter looks at the evidence that determine the force of guidance in mobility that culminates the conditions under which sociocultural changes and religious orientations happen in the course of ... More

This chapter looks at the evidence that determine the force of guidance in mobility that culminates the conditions under which sociocultural changes and religious orientations happen in the course of Indonesians' transnational mobility to the Arabian Peninsula. It reviews the aspects of guided mobility, the reciprocal demand–supply logic of guidance, the profitability of guiding, and the prospect of capitalizing on mobile experiences. It also determines the effects that migration and pilgrimage have on social change in Indonesia. The chapter complements studies that show how the conservative turn in Indonesia is highly complex, regionally diverse, and has underlying local social tensions. It speculates the functioning of features of mobility that are not perceived as restraints and enhance sociocultural continuity rather than change.Less

Salir Adelante: Mobility, Travel, and Aspirational Economies in the Central Andes

Ulla D. Berg

in Mobile Selves: Race, Migration, and Belonging in Peru and the U.S.

This chapter provides an overview of the Mantaro region's historic articulation with global markets and cosmopolitan ways of life. This produced various social and technological infrastructures that ... More

This chapter provides an overview of the Mantaro region's historic articulation with global markets and cosmopolitan ways of life. This produced various social and technological infrastructures that precede the more recent transnational circulation of labor migrants, and gave new meaning to valley inhabitants' experience and imaginings of modernity and transnational mobility. To demonstrate how present-day transnational migration operates within this history of Andean modernity, circulation, and travel, the chapter discusses the migration stories of two young women from different towns in the valley: Inés from Matahuasi and Domitila from Urcumarca. Their stories show that transnational mobility is variously imagined and experienced in contemporary Peru, but is never inseparable from long-standing moral and cultural imperatives about class mobility such as “getting ahead” (salir adelante) and “improving oneself” (superarse).Less

Root Causes, Transnational Mobility and Formations of Patriarchy in the Sex Trafficking of Women

Jackie Turner

in Human Trafficking: The Complexities of Exploitation

The focus of this chapter is on transnational mobility and formations of patriarchy in the cross border trafficking of women for sexual exploitation. It draws on the findings of an empirical study, ... More

The focus of this chapter is on transnational mobility and formations of patriarchy in the cross border trafficking of women for sexual exploitation. It draws on the findings of an empirical study, conducted between January 2009 and May 2010, and based on an examination of selected Crown Prosecution Service completed trafficking cases in England and Wales. It argues that the collapse of the former Eastern bloc produced economic and social conditions conducive to sex trafficking, underpinned by patriarchy in certain areas. The chapter focuses on how, in a globalised world, transnational mobility is key to the modus operandi of cross-border sex traffickers, while distant and local formations of patriarchy intersect in racialised prostitution industries.Less

Moral Panics: Sex Tourism, Trafficking, and the Limits of Transnational Mobility

Erica Lorraine Williams

in Sex Tourism in Bahia: Ambiguous Entanglements

This chapter examines how state and nongovernmental organizations' campaigns in Brazil construct sex tourism as a problem to be eradicated in part by conflating it with trafficking, along with the ... More

This chapter examines how state and nongovernmental organizations' campaigns in Brazil construct sex tourism as a problem to be eradicated in part by conflating it with trafficking, along with the questions it raises about the possibilities of transnational mobility for socioeconomically disadvantaged Brazilian women. The chapter begins with a historical overview of the concept of trafficking and of global antitrafficking movements as well as the ways in which “trafficking” has been confused and conflated with “sex tourism.” It then considers how trafficking and sex tourism have been constituted as objects of knowledge before discussing the campaign activities of Aprosba and CHAME (Humanitarian Center for the Support of Women). It shows that CHAME's anti-trafficking educational campaign materials constitute an “archive of racialized sexuality” that creates “moral panics” about interracial sex and transnational border crossings that reinforces notions of who is worthy of the privileges of transnational mobility.Less

Moral Panic: Sex Tourism, Trafficking, and the Limits of Transnational Mobility in Bahia

Erica Lorraine Williams

in Policing Pleasure: Sex Work, Policy, and the State in Global Perspective

This chapter examines the racialization of trafficking-related discourse in ways that reflect state migration policies in Brazil. In particular, it shows how trafficking discourse is used as a ... More

This chapter examines the racialization of trafficking-related discourse in ways that reflect state migration policies in Brazil. In particular, it shows how trafficking discourse is used as a convenient mechanism to deny Afro-Brazilian women who work as prostitutes in Salvador de Bahia, Brazil, their right to freedom of movement, and thus their opportunities for transnational mobility. It first discusses public debates surrounding sex tourism as well as the effects and limitations of anti-sex tourism campaigns launched by the state and civil society in Bahia, with particular emphasis on the work of the nongovernmental organization CHAME. It then considers how such campaigns often reproduce stereotypical images and sensationalized stories that contribute to a “moral panic” over interracial sex and transnational border crossings. It also describes the work of the Association of Prostitutes of Bahia as a model for untangling the sex work-trafficking conflation.Less

The Reader and World Crime Fiction: The (Private) Eye of the Beholder

Stewart King

in Criminal Moves: Modes of Mobility in Crime Fiction

This chapter reflects on the tension between national-focused and more worldly readings of crime fiction. It treats crime fiction as a form of world literature and examines new ways of conceiving ... More

This chapter reflects on the tension between national-focused and more worldly readings of crime fiction. It treats crime fiction as a form of world literature and examines new ways of conceiving relationships between crime writers, readers and texts that eschew the common categorization of a universal British-American tradition, on the one hand, and, on the other, localized national traditions. Following Jorge Luis Borges, the chapter argues that the transnationality of the crime genre does not reside exclusively within the text, but rather emerges through the interaction of the reader and the text. What emerges is a transnational and trans-historical reading practice that respects the local but also allows for innovative connections and new paradigms to be forged when texts are read beyond the national context.Less

Euro-Visions: Musical Play and Ethnic Entertainment in the New Europe

in Identity Games: Globalization and the Transformation of Media Cultures in the New Europe

This chapter describes the musical gypsy on the global music platform, and also explains that global media accessibility and transnational mobility do not automatically disturb international ... More

This chapter describes the musical gypsy on the global music platform, and also explains that global media accessibility and transnational mobility do not automatically disturb international politics. It further explores the rise of the “Roma,” a transnational musical entertainment group, and focuses on the examples related to this concept, which play an important role in localizing the global pop music in Europe and in the Middle East. The main aim of the chapter is to examine the requirement to interconnect media, cultural studies, and social sciences in discussing postcommunist, post-Cold War transformations of ethnicity. The Roma musical performances and several related case studies explored throughout the chapter help in understanding the world music transformations.Less

Conclusion: The Specter of Sex Tourism in a Globalized World

Erica Lorraine Williams

in Sex Tourism in Bahia: Ambiguous Entanglements

This book contributes to the anthropology of globalization by probing how people on the ground are negotiating global inequalities in their sexual practices and intimate lives. It has shown that, ... More

This book contributes to the anthropology of globalization by probing how people on the ground are negotiating global inequalities in their sexual practices and intimate lives. It has shown that, while top-down globalization in the form of the tourism industry still promises to spread the wealth to reach more Brazilian citizens, Bahian sex workers, tour guides, tourism industry workers, and cultural producers are enacting “insurgent cosmopolitanism” in the form of “counter-hegemonic solidarity, bottom-up globalization.” While the government, nongovernmental organizations, journalists, and abolitionist feminists focus on sex tourism as the problem of white Western elite men exploiting poor, marginalized, Third World women, sex workers in Salvador saw opportunities for cosmopolitanism, advancement, romance, intimacy, and potential transnational mobility through their ambiguous entanglements with foreigners. The book concludes by raising questions and implications for future research on issues of race, sexuality, and globalization within cultural anthropology.Less

From Vidocq to the Locked Room: International Connections in Nineteenth-Century Crime Fiction

Stephen Knight

in Criminal Moves: Modes of Mobility in Crime Fiction

This chapter provides an in-depth history of the international development of the crime genre prior to the twentieth century. The chapter traces the emergence of a transnational genre from the 1700s ... More

This chapter provides an in-depth history of the international development of the crime genre prior to the twentieth century. The chapter traces the emergence of a transnational genre from the 1700s through legal narratives and Romantic preoccupations and aesthetics in France, Germany, England, the United States, the Scandinavian countries and Australia. While crime fiction scholars have traditionally maintained that the genre emerged in Britain and America, this chapter places doubt on the supposed centrality of the genre’s British and American genealogy. By examining the genre’s early transnational mobility, the chapter challenges the dominant perception that the genre’s transnationality is a consequence of twentieth- and twenty-first-century globalization and, as such, that it is largely a contemporary phenomenon.Less

Albania: Crossing Borders with a New Imaginary

Bruce Williams and Kledian Myftari

in Contemporary Balkan Cinema: Transnational Exchanges and Global Circuits

The chapter on Albania examines the increased transnational mobility of production funds from both the former Eastern Bloc and the West, placing particular emphasis on the international education and ... More

The chapter on Albania examines the increased transnational mobility of production funds from both the former Eastern Bloc and the West, placing particular emphasis on the international education and life experiences of Albanian filmmakers debuting or active in the late 2000s and 2010s. It identifies how this cultural cosmopolitanism has rendered Albania’s decades-long isolation a thing of the past, while fostering the development of a cinema of quality and an increase in international co-productions.Less

“I Am Not Only a Domestic Worker; I Am a Woman”: Immigrant Women and Domestic Service

Susan C. Pearce, Elizabeth J. Clifford, and Reena Tandon

in Immigration and Women: Understanding the American Experience

This chapter introduces female domestic workers—who are largely invisible as a group because their labor as domestic workers remains behind the closed doors of private households. Domestic service ... More

This chapter introduces female domestic workers—who are largely invisible as a group because their labor as domestic workers remains behind the closed doors of private households. Domestic service can be singled out as a foremost employer of transnational immigrant women. It is situated at the intersections of gender, race, ethnicity, and social class, within the context of global capitalism and transnational mobility. Women, located at these variable intersections, rather than being merely driven and defined by them, constantly reconfigure these axes through their endeavors and reincarnate themselves through their struggles. The chapter showcases these women's descriptions of their employment, expectations, and treatment, and examines this sector's potential for abuse and exploitation.Less

The Artist’s Experience of Migration

Sharon Hecker

in Moment's Monument: Medardo Rosso and the International Origins of Modern Sculpture

This chapter looks at the shift in Medardo Rosso's position from an outsider in his own country to a foreigner in France. Rosso's move to Paris belongs to the wider phenomenon of increased migration ... More

This chapter looks at the shift in Medardo Rosso's position from an outsider in his own country to a foreigner in France. Rosso's move to Paris belongs to the wider phenomenon of increased migration by artists to the principal metropolis of modern art toward the end of the century. It also confirms his awareness of a new kind of transnational mobility. Tracing Rosso's trajectory as a form of self-exile characteristic of cultural anarchists, the chapter examines his hopeful but obstacle-ridden expatriation and his struggle to make avant-garde sculpture in the epoch and city dominated by Rodin. Paris at the end of the nineteenth-century offered Rosso new opportunities, such as a vibrant art scene, a burgeoning market for serial sculpture, and a network of sophisticated artists, collectors, and critics.Less