Monika Baár
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199581184
- eISBN:
- 9780191722806
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199581184.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
The introductory chapter defines the book's major aim, which lies in investigating the life‐work of five historians in comparative and transnational perspective and ascertaining their place in the ...
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The introductory chapter defines the book's major aim, which lies in investigating the life‐work of five historians in comparative and transnational perspective and ascertaining their place in the intellectual landscape of nineteenth‐century historiography. They are: Joachim Lelewel (Polish, 1786–1861), Simonas Daukantas (Lithuanian, 1793–1864), František Palacký (Czech, 1798–1876), Mihály Horváth (Hungarian, 1804–78), Mihail Kogălniceanu (Romanian, 1818–91). The chapter surveys existing literature and identifies a gap in historiographical literature that exists between large‐scale general accounts and individual case studies and defines the book's scope between these two categories. It takes issue with the widely held view that smaller and marginal historical traditions were necessarily ‘backward’ and thus incapable of producing worthwhile contributions. It also challenges other established perceptions regarding the differences between nationalism in Western and Eastern Europe, especially with the view that intense political engagement was a trait peculiar to historians of Eastern Europe. It then goes on to address the methodological difficulties inherent in transnational comparison and, finally, introduces the major themes of the book.Less
The introductory chapter defines the book's major aim, which lies in investigating the life‐work of five historians in comparative and transnational perspective and ascertaining their place in the intellectual landscape of nineteenth‐century historiography. They are: Joachim Lelewel (Polish, 1786–1861), Simonas Daukantas (Lithuanian, 1793–1864), František Palacký (Czech, 1798–1876), Mihály Horváth (Hungarian, 1804–78), Mihail Kogălniceanu (Romanian, 1818–91). The chapter surveys existing literature and identifies a gap in historiographical literature that exists between large‐scale general accounts and individual case studies and defines the book's scope between these two categories. It takes issue with the widely held view that smaller and marginal historical traditions were necessarily ‘backward’ and thus incapable of producing worthwhile contributions. It also challenges other established perceptions regarding the differences between nationalism in Western and Eastern Europe, especially with the view that intense political engagement was a trait peculiar to historians of Eastern Europe. It then goes on to address the methodological difficulties inherent in transnational comparison and, finally, introduces the major themes of the book.
Monika Baár
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199581184
- eISBN:
- 9780191722806
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199581184.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
Peripheral cultures have been largely absent from the European canon of historiography. The principal aim of this book is to contribute to redressing the balance. It does so by offering an insight ...
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Peripheral cultures have been largely absent from the European canon of historiography. The principal aim of this book is to contribute to redressing the balance. It does so by offering an insight into the complexities of historical writing in nineteenth‐century East‐Central Europe and by ascertaining this tradition's place within the European historiographical heritage. At the core of the book lies a comparative analysis of the life‐work of five prominent scholars: Joachim Lelewel (Polish); Simonas Daukantas (Lithuanian); František Palacký (Czech); Mihály Horváth (Hungarian) and Mihail Kogălniceanu (Romanian). Rather than approaching these scholars' historical achievements from a narrow perspective, the book accommodates them in the context of their promotion of a unified vision of national culture. It discusses their accomplishments in the fields of language and literature, their pursuits in publishing journals and primary sources, and their contribution to the institutionalization and professionalization of the historical discipline.Through the reconstruction of these scholars' shared intellectual background and an in‐depth analysis of their historical narrative the author puts forward the claim that the five historians' professional and political agenda, influenced predominantly by liberalism and Romanticism, shared far more with their contemporaries elsewhere than has previously been assumed and thus renders them genuine representatives of a common European tradition.Less
Peripheral cultures have been largely absent from the European canon of historiography. The principal aim of this book is to contribute to redressing the balance. It does so by offering an insight into the complexities of historical writing in nineteenth‐century East‐Central Europe and by ascertaining this tradition's place within the European historiographical heritage. At the core of the book lies a comparative analysis of the life‐work of five prominent scholars: Joachim Lelewel (Polish); Simonas Daukantas (Lithuanian); František Palacký (Czech); Mihály Horváth (Hungarian) and Mihail Kogălniceanu (Romanian). Rather than approaching these scholars' historical achievements from a narrow perspective, the book accommodates them in the context of their promotion of a unified vision of national culture. It discusses their accomplishments in the fields of language and literature, their pursuits in publishing journals and primary sources, and their contribution to the institutionalization and professionalization of the historical discipline.Through the reconstruction of these scholars' shared intellectual background and an in‐depth analysis of their historical narrative the author puts forward the claim that the five historians' professional and political agenda, influenced predominantly by liberalism and Romanticism, shared far more with their contemporaries elsewhere than has previously been assumed and thus renders them genuine representatives of a common European tradition.
Neville Kirk
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781786940094
- eISBN:
- 9781786944269
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781786940094.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Political History
Part One, comprising of two chapters, sets the particular case of Mann and Ross in its relevant transnational and, to a lesser extent, comparative and global contexts. Chapter One is methodological ...
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Part One, comprising of two chapters, sets the particular case of Mann and Ross in its relevant transnational and, to a lesser extent, comparative and global contexts. Chapter One is methodological and historiographical in character. It first traces the development of labour history. It then turns to consider the books key definitions and usages: transnationalism; globalisation; comparative history. This involves both a critical survey of the relevant literature and an explication of my approach and usage. The final section of the chapter explores the development, strengths and weaknesses and potential of transnational historyLess
Part One, comprising of two chapters, sets the particular case of Mann and Ross in its relevant transnational and, to a lesser extent, comparative and global contexts. Chapter One is methodological and historiographical in character. It first traces the development of labour history. It then turns to consider the books key definitions and usages: transnationalism; globalisation; comparative history. This involves both a critical survey of the relevant literature and an explication of my approach and usage. The final section of the chapter explores the development, strengths and weaknesses and potential of transnational history
Lisa Rose Mar
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199733132
- eISBN:
- 9780199866533
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199733132.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History, World Medieval History
This work traces several generations of Chinese “brokers,” ethnic leaders who acted as intermediaries between the Chinese and Anglo worlds of Canada. At the time, most Chinese could not vote and many ...
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This work traces several generations of Chinese “brokers,” ethnic leaders who acted as intermediaries between the Chinese and Anglo worlds of Canada. At the time, most Chinese could not vote and many were illegal immigrants, so brokers played informal but necessary roles as representatives to the larger society. Brokers’ work reveals the changing boundaries between Chinese and Anglo worlds and how tensions among Chinese shaped them. By reinserting Chinese back into mainstream politics, this book alters common understandings of how legally “alien” groups helped create modern immigrant nations. Over several generations, brokers deeply embedded Chinese immigrants in the larger Canadian, U.S., and Chinese politics of their time. On the nineteenth-century Western frontier, Chinese businessmen competed with each other to represent their community. By the early 1920s, a new generation of brokers based in social movements challenged traditional brokers, shifting the power dynamic within the Chinese community. During the Second World War, social movements helped reconfigure both brokerage and race relations. Based on new Chinese language evidence, this book recounts history from the “middle,” a view that is neither bottom up nor top down. Through brokerage, Chinese wielded considerable influence, navigating a period of anti-Asian sentiment and exclusion throughout society. Consequently, Chinese immigrants became significant players in race relations, influencing policies that affected all Canadians and Americans.Less
This work traces several generations of Chinese “brokers,” ethnic leaders who acted as intermediaries between the Chinese and Anglo worlds of Canada. At the time, most Chinese could not vote and many were illegal immigrants, so brokers played informal but necessary roles as representatives to the larger society. Brokers’ work reveals the changing boundaries between Chinese and Anglo worlds and how tensions among Chinese shaped them. By reinserting Chinese back into mainstream politics, this book alters common understandings of how legally “alien” groups helped create modern immigrant nations. Over several generations, brokers deeply embedded Chinese immigrants in the larger Canadian, U.S., and Chinese politics of their time. On the nineteenth-century Western frontier, Chinese businessmen competed with each other to represent their community. By the early 1920s, a new generation of brokers based in social movements challenged traditional brokers, shifting the power dynamic within the Chinese community. During the Second World War, social movements helped reconfigure both brokerage and race relations. Based on new Chinese language evidence, this book recounts history from the “middle,” a view that is neither bottom up nor top down. Through brokerage, Chinese wielded considerable influence, navigating a period of anti-Asian sentiment and exclusion throughout society. Consequently, Chinese immigrants became significant players in race relations, influencing policies that affected all Canadians and Americans.
Mary Hilson
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781526100801
- eISBN:
- 9781526135919
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526100801.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
Chapter 1 introduces the concept of co-operation and reviews the relevant secondary literature, as well as outlining the significance of the study in the context of broader debates on transnational ...
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Chapter 1 introduces the concept of co-operation and reviews the relevant secondary literature, as well as outlining the significance of the study in the context of broader debates on transnational history. Co-operation was from its beginnings shaped by transnational contacts and exchange, and from 1895 it also had its own international organisation, the International Co-operative Alliance (ICA), but there hitherto been very few studies of co-operation beyond the confines of the nation state. The aim of the book is to explore the meanings of co-operation and co-operative internationalism in the ICA from the late nineteenth century until the Second World War. The introductory chapter also discusses the historiographical context for the book and briefly discusses the methods and sources on which it is based.Less
Chapter 1 introduces the concept of co-operation and reviews the relevant secondary literature, as well as outlining the significance of the study in the context of broader debates on transnational history. Co-operation was from its beginnings shaped by transnational contacts and exchange, and from 1895 it also had its own international organisation, the International Co-operative Alliance (ICA), but there hitherto been very few studies of co-operation beyond the confines of the nation state. The aim of the book is to explore the meanings of co-operation and co-operative internationalism in the ICA from the late nineteenth century until the Second World War. The introductory chapter also discusses the historiographical context for the book and briefly discusses the methods and sources on which it is based.
Jocelyn Olcott
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814758908
- eISBN:
- 9780814759226
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814758908.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This chapter examines the recent union of transnational history and feminist history that has resulted in a field called transnational feminist history, which it describes as sharing core values, ...
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This chapter examines the recent union of transnational history and feminist history that has resulted in a field called transnational feminist history, which it describes as sharing core values, especially in disrupting conventional narratives by decentering those actors and processes that have often dominated historical studies. It first provides an overview of transnational history and transnational feminism before discussing four areas of inquiry important in both fields and that highlight the cross-fertilization between them: periodization, politics of place, identification, and infrastructures and social movements. It also explains how transnational feminist history brings to the fore international organizations crossing borders, allowing women to develop feminist consciousness.Less
This chapter examines the recent union of transnational history and feminist history that has resulted in a field called transnational feminist history, which it describes as sharing core values, especially in disrupting conventional narratives by decentering those actors and processes that have often dominated historical studies. It first provides an overview of transnational history and transnational feminism before discussing four areas of inquiry important in both fields and that highlight the cross-fertilization between them: periodization, politics of place, identification, and infrastructures and social movements. It also explains how transnational feminist history brings to the fore international organizations crossing borders, allowing women to develop feminist consciousness.
Simon Avenell
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780824867133
- eISBN:
- 9780824873721
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824867133.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter reiterates the central argument that the experience with industrial pollution in 1960s and 1970s Japan nurtured an “environmental injustice paradigm” which, in turn, fueled transnational ...
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This chapter reiterates the central argument that the experience with industrial pollution in 1960s and 1970s Japan nurtured an “environmental injustice paradigm” which, in turn, fueled transnational mobilizations in the coming decades. The chapter highlights the role of rooted cosmopolitans who served as the connective tissue between local movements and struggles abroad. Significantly, the chapter notes that the movements explored throughout the study were part of a broader Japanese grassroots reengagement with Asia from the 1970s onward, involving women’s advocacy groups, movements of minority groups, and nongovernmental organizations working on health and development issues. The chapter suggests that these transnational movements played an important role in introducing new ideas and practices into Japanese civic activism which contributed to the development of civil society. These border-crossing movements have been largely invisible in historiography to date because of a general focus on events unfolding within the nation.Less
This chapter reiterates the central argument that the experience with industrial pollution in 1960s and 1970s Japan nurtured an “environmental injustice paradigm” which, in turn, fueled transnational mobilizations in the coming decades. The chapter highlights the role of rooted cosmopolitans who served as the connective tissue between local movements and struggles abroad. Significantly, the chapter notes that the movements explored throughout the study were part of a broader Japanese grassroots reengagement with Asia from the 1970s onward, involving women’s advocacy groups, movements of minority groups, and nongovernmental organizations working on health and development issues. The chapter suggests that these transnational movements played an important role in introducing new ideas and practices into Japanese civic activism which contributed to the development of civil society. These border-crossing movements have been largely invisible in historiography to date because of a general focus on events unfolding within the nation.
Greg Patmore and Shelton Stromquist (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780252041839
- eISBN:
- 9780252050503
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5622/illinois/9780252041839.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Economic History
Australia and the United States have long been recognized as fertile fields for comparative history. Both the United States and the Australian colonies were “frontier societies” with considerable ...
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Australia and the United States have long been recognized as fertile fields for comparative history. Both the United States and the Australian colonies were “frontier societies” with considerable natural resources and without a feudal heritage. Despite their similarities, the histories of Australia and the United States are also marked by striking divergences, notably in the composition of their working classes, their labor relations, and their politics. The essays in this volume break new ground in comparative and transnational history. Together they offer considerable evidence to support the general proposition that despite similarities in the development of their economies and in fabric of their democratic institutions, the labor histories of Australia and the United States manifest notable differences. The essays in this volume make significant contributions to understanding the comparative aspects of Australian and US labor history in five areas specifically. They examine the divergent impact of the Great War on the fortunes of labor and socialist movements, the history of coerced labor, patterns of ethnic and class identification, the forms of working-class collective action and institution building, and struggles over trade union democracy and the viability of independent working-class politics. Additionally, several essays explore the ways in which radical labor and political activists from both countries developed transnational ties that cross-fertilized their respective trade union and political cultures.Less
Australia and the United States have long been recognized as fertile fields for comparative history. Both the United States and the Australian colonies were “frontier societies” with considerable natural resources and without a feudal heritage. Despite their similarities, the histories of Australia and the United States are also marked by striking divergences, notably in the composition of their working classes, their labor relations, and their politics. The essays in this volume break new ground in comparative and transnational history. Together they offer considerable evidence to support the general proposition that despite similarities in the development of their economies and in fabric of their democratic institutions, the labor histories of Australia and the United States manifest notable differences. The essays in this volume make significant contributions to understanding the comparative aspects of Australian and US labor history in five areas specifically. They examine the divergent impact of the Great War on the fortunes of labor and socialist movements, the history of coerced labor, patterns of ethnic and class identification, the forms of working-class collective action and institution building, and struggles over trade union democracy and the viability of independent working-class politics. Additionally, several essays explore the ways in which radical labor and political activists from both countries developed transnational ties that cross-fertilized their respective trade union and political cultures.
Lindsey Flewelling
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781786940452
- eISBN:
- 9781789629361
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781786940452.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
Two Irelands beyond the Sea: Ulster Unionism and America, 1880-1920 uncovers the transnational movement by Ireland’s unionists as they worked to maintain the Union with Great Britain during the Home ...
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Two Irelands beyond the Sea: Ulster Unionism and America, 1880-1920 uncovers the transnational movement by Ireland’s unionists as they worked to maintain the Union with Great Britain during the Home Rule era of Irish history. Overshadowed by Irish-American nationalist relations, this transnational movement attempted to bridge the Atlantic to gain support for unionism from the United States. During the Home Rule era, unionists were anxious about Irish-American extremism, apprehensive of American involvement in the Irish question, and eagerly sought support for their own movement. Two Irelands beyond the Sea explores the political, social, religious, and ethnic connections between Irish unionists and the United States as unionists appealed to Americans for backing and reacted to Irish nationalism. The role of the United States in unionist political thought is also investigated, as unionists used American history, political systems, and Scotch-Irish ethnic traditions to bring legitimacy to their own movement. This examination drives the study of Irish unionism into a new arena, illustrating that Irish unionists were much more internationally-focused than generally portrayed. Two Irelands beyond the Sea challenges our understanding of Irish unionism by revealing the many ways in which unionists reached out to the United States, sought international support, and constructed their own image of America to legitimize the unionist movement.Less
Two Irelands beyond the Sea: Ulster Unionism and America, 1880-1920 uncovers the transnational movement by Ireland’s unionists as they worked to maintain the Union with Great Britain during the Home Rule era of Irish history. Overshadowed by Irish-American nationalist relations, this transnational movement attempted to bridge the Atlantic to gain support for unionism from the United States. During the Home Rule era, unionists were anxious about Irish-American extremism, apprehensive of American involvement in the Irish question, and eagerly sought support for their own movement. Two Irelands beyond the Sea explores the political, social, religious, and ethnic connections between Irish unionists and the United States as unionists appealed to Americans for backing and reacted to Irish nationalism. The role of the United States in unionist political thought is also investigated, as unionists used American history, political systems, and Scotch-Irish ethnic traditions to bring legitimacy to their own movement. This examination drives the study of Irish unionism into a new arena, illustrating that Irish unionists were much more internationally-focused than generally portrayed. Two Irelands beyond the Sea challenges our understanding of Irish unionism by revealing the many ways in which unionists reached out to the United States, sought international support, and constructed their own image of America to legitimize the unionist movement.
Jan L. Logemann
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780226660011
- eISBN:
- 9780226660295
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226660295.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
Engineered to Sell traces the transnational careers of consumer engineers in advertising, market research and commercial design who transformed capitalism, from the 1930s through the 1960s. It argues ...
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Engineered to Sell traces the transnational careers of consumer engineers in advertising, market research and commercial design who transformed capitalism, from the 1930s through the 1960s. It argues that the history of marketing consumer goods is not a story of American exceptionalism. Instead, the careers of immigrants point to the limits of the “Americanization” paradigm. First, the book traces changes in marketing approaches increasingly tailored to consumers which gave rise to a dynamic world of goods. Second, it asks how and why this consumer engineering was shaped by transatlantic exchanges. From Austrian psychologists and little-known social scientists to the illustrious Bauhaus artists, the émigrés at the center of this story illustrate the vibrant cultural and commercial connections between metropolitan centers: Vienna and New York; Paris and Chicago; Berlin and San Francisco. These mid-century consumer engineers crossed national and disciplinary boundaries not only within arts and academia but also between governments, corporate actors, and social reform movements. By focusing on the transnational lives of émigré consumer researchers, marketers, and designers, Engineered to Sell details the processes of cultural translation and adaptation that mark both the mid-century transformation of American marketing and the subsequent European shift to “American” consumer capitalism.Less
Engineered to Sell traces the transnational careers of consumer engineers in advertising, market research and commercial design who transformed capitalism, from the 1930s through the 1960s. It argues that the history of marketing consumer goods is not a story of American exceptionalism. Instead, the careers of immigrants point to the limits of the “Americanization” paradigm. First, the book traces changes in marketing approaches increasingly tailored to consumers which gave rise to a dynamic world of goods. Second, it asks how and why this consumer engineering was shaped by transatlantic exchanges. From Austrian psychologists and little-known social scientists to the illustrious Bauhaus artists, the émigrés at the center of this story illustrate the vibrant cultural and commercial connections between metropolitan centers: Vienna and New York; Paris and Chicago; Berlin and San Francisco. These mid-century consumer engineers crossed national and disciplinary boundaries not only within arts and academia but also between governments, corporate actors, and social reform movements. By focusing on the transnational lives of émigré consumer researchers, marketers, and designers, Engineered to Sell details the processes of cultural translation and adaptation that mark both the mid-century transformation of American marketing and the subsequent European shift to “American” consumer capitalism.
Millery Polyne
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813034720
- eISBN:
- 9780813039534
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813034720.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
Haiti has long been both a source of immense pride—because of the Haitian Revolution—and of profound disappointment—because of the unshakable realities of poverty, political instability, and ...
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Haiti has long been both a source of immense pride—because of the Haitian Revolution—and of profound disappointment—because of the unshakable realities of poverty, political instability, and violence—to the black diasporic imagination. Charting the long history of these multiple meanings is the focus of a critical transnational history of U.S. African Americans and Haitians. This book stretches from the thoughts and words of American intellectuals such as Frederick Douglass, Robert Moton, and Claude Barnett to the Civil Rights era. The book has huge thematic range, which carefully examines the political, economic, and cultural relations between U.S. African Americans and Haitians. The book examines the creative and critical ways U.S. African Americans and Haitians engaged the idealized tenets of Pan Americanism—mutual cooperation, egalitarianism, and nonintervention between nation-states—in order to strengthen Haiti's social, economic, and political growth and stability. The depth of Polyne's research allows him to speak confidently about the convoluted ways that these groups have viewed modernization, “uplift,” and racial unity, as well as the shifting meanings and importance of the concepts over time.Less
Haiti has long been both a source of immense pride—because of the Haitian Revolution—and of profound disappointment—because of the unshakable realities of poverty, political instability, and violence—to the black diasporic imagination. Charting the long history of these multiple meanings is the focus of a critical transnational history of U.S. African Americans and Haitians. This book stretches from the thoughts and words of American intellectuals such as Frederick Douglass, Robert Moton, and Claude Barnett to the Civil Rights era. The book has huge thematic range, which carefully examines the political, economic, and cultural relations between U.S. African Americans and Haitians. The book examines the creative and critical ways U.S. African Americans and Haitians engaged the idealized tenets of Pan Americanism—mutual cooperation, egalitarianism, and nonintervention between nation-states—in order to strengthen Haiti's social, economic, and political growth and stability. The depth of Polyne's research allows him to speak confidently about the convoluted ways that these groups have viewed modernization, “uplift,” and racial unity, as well as the shifting meanings and importance of the concepts over time.
Thomas Davies
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- December 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199387533
- eISBN:
- 9780190235642
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199387533.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Political History
The opening chapter highlights five ways in which the book challenges conventional wisdom on transnational civil society in global governance by revealing (i) that international NGOs have a longer ...
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The opening chapter highlights five ways in which the book challenges conventional wisdom on transnational civil society in global governance by revealing (i) that international NGOs have a longer history than is often assumed; (ii) the Eastern as well as Western roots of international NGOs; (iii) the considerable breadth of issues in which international NGOs are active; (iv) the cyclicality of the evolution of transnational civil society; and (v) the multiple factors responsible for this pattern of evolution. A chart of these factors including economic, environmental, social and technological developments in addition to political factors both external and internal to transnational civil society is provided and explained. The wide range of historical sources relevant to a work of transnational history such as this volume is also outlined, emphasising the significance of both official and unofficial records, and the limitations of each.Less
The opening chapter highlights five ways in which the book challenges conventional wisdom on transnational civil society in global governance by revealing (i) that international NGOs have a longer history than is often assumed; (ii) the Eastern as well as Western roots of international NGOs; (iii) the considerable breadth of issues in which international NGOs are active; (iv) the cyclicality of the evolution of transnational civil society; and (v) the multiple factors responsible for this pattern of evolution. A chart of these factors including economic, environmental, social and technological developments in addition to political factors both external and internal to transnational civil society is provided and explained. The wide range of historical sources relevant to a work of transnational history such as this volume is also outlined, emphasising the significance of both official and unofficial records, and the limitations of each.
Michael Farquhar
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780804798358
- eISBN:
- 9781503600270
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804798358.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
This book considers efforts undertaken by the Saudi political and religious establishments to widen the sphere of Wahhabi influence beyond the kingdom’s borders from the mid-twentieth century. It ...
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This book considers efforts undertaken by the Saudi political and religious establishments to widen the sphere of Wahhabi influence beyond the kingdom’s borders from the mid-twentieth century. It focuses on the history of the Islamic University of Medina (IUM), founded in 1961 to offer fully-funded religious instruction to mostly non-Saudi students. It demonstrates that this Saudi state-backed missionary initiative built on political, cultural, and social transformations tracing back to the late Ottoman period. It goes on to show that, just as the IUM sought to extend the authority and influence of the Wahhabi religious establishment into distant Muslim communities, its own operation was both enabled and influenced by migrants from across the Islamic world who came to work and study on its campus. Moreover, the university’s missionary project was further complicated insofar as it was refracted through the agency of the itinerant students who were expected to convey its Wahhabi-inflected message. The book argues that the complex history of such projects of Wahhabi “religious expansion” is best understood as involving a series of unequal transactions within the terms of a transnational religious economy, comprising flows of spiritual capital, material capital, religious migrants and social technologies. This analytical framework suggests new ways of thinking about the evolution of Wahhabism, the rise of Salafism in locations around the world, and the forms of power and agency at stake in border-spanning struggles to steer the future course of the Islamic tradition.Less
This book considers efforts undertaken by the Saudi political and religious establishments to widen the sphere of Wahhabi influence beyond the kingdom’s borders from the mid-twentieth century. It focuses on the history of the Islamic University of Medina (IUM), founded in 1961 to offer fully-funded religious instruction to mostly non-Saudi students. It demonstrates that this Saudi state-backed missionary initiative built on political, cultural, and social transformations tracing back to the late Ottoman period. It goes on to show that, just as the IUM sought to extend the authority and influence of the Wahhabi religious establishment into distant Muslim communities, its own operation was both enabled and influenced by migrants from across the Islamic world who came to work and study on its campus. Moreover, the university’s missionary project was further complicated insofar as it was refracted through the agency of the itinerant students who were expected to convey its Wahhabi-inflected message. The book argues that the complex history of such projects of Wahhabi “religious expansion” is best understood as involving a series of unequal transactions within the terms of a transnational religious economy, comprising flows of spiritual capital, material capital, religious migrants and social technologies. This analytical framework suggests new ways of thinking about the evolution of Wahhabism, the rise of Salafism in locations around the world, and the forms of power and agency at stake in border-spanning struggles to steer the future course of the Islamic tradition.
Lizabeth Cohen
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801451409
- eISBN:
- 9780801465642
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801451409.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter presents two interrelated goals: first, to evaluate the state of the field of U.S. history in the twentieth century, with an emphasis on how historians might advance the field; second, ...
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This chapter presents two interrelated goals: first, to evaluate the state of the field of U.S. history in the twentieth century, with an emphasis on how historians might advance the field; second, to consider how these goals for future work might be addressed by studies of U.S. Catholicism. The chapter offers a “broadband” transnational history able to take advantage of the gains made by social historians since the 1970s, but also attune itself to new global values. This kind of broadband approach expands the cast of influential actors beyond what the first generation of internationalizing historians has considered. The twentieth-century fields that have most effectively probed the possibilities for broadband transnational American history are the histories of immigration and of the civil rights movement, particularly during the Cold War era.Less
This chapter presents two interrelated goals: first, to evaluate the state of the field of U.S. history in the twentieth century, with an emphasis on how historians might advance the field; second, to consider how these goals for future work might be addressed by studies of U.S. Catholicism. The chapter offers a “broadband” transnational history able to take advantage of the gains made by social historians since the 1970s, but also attune itself to new global values. This kind of broadband approach expands the cast of influential actors beyond what the first generation of internationalizing historians has considered. The twentieth-century fields that have most effectively probed the possibilities for broadband transnational American history are the histories of immigration and of the civil rights movement, particularly during the Cold War era.
Daniel Laqua
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780719088834
- eISBN:
- 9781781706183
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719088834.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
The term ‘internationalism’ was widely used in the early twentieth century, albeit in a somewhat diffuse manner: it could refer to an outlook, a movement or a process. The introduction addresses such ...
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The term ‘internationalism’ was widely used in the early twentieth century, albeit in a somewhat diffuse manner: it could refer to an outlook, a movement or a process. The introduction addresses such terminological issues and considers the existing literature on internationalism and transnational exchanges. The chapter examines the extent to which the period between 1880 and 1930 can be described as an ‘age of internationalism’ – a period characterised by a plethora of campaigns and congresses with international features. It draws attention to the particular role of small states in this period. Belgium, Switzerland, the Netherlands and the Nordic countries all hosted a variety of international meetings and movements. Belgium hence provides a fitting case to study transnational processes in their national context. Accordingly, the final section introduces the specific Belgian settings of internationalism, including the political currents and social milieus to which it was connected.Less
The term ‘internationalism’ was widely used in the early twentieth century, albeit in a somewhat diffuse manner: it could refer to an outlook, a movement or a process. The introduction addresses such terminological issues and considers the existing literature on internationalism and transnational exchanges. The chapter examines the extent to which the period between 1880 and 1930 can be described as an ‘age of internationalism’ – a period characterised by a plethora of campaigns and congresses with international features. It draws attention to the particular role of small states in this period. Belgium, Switzerland, the Netherlands and the Nordic countries all hosted a variety of international meetings and movements. Belgium hence provides a fitting case to study transnational processes in their national context. Accordingly, the final section introduces the specific Belgian settings of internationalism, including the political currents and social milieus to which it was connected.
Hannah Holtschneider
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781474452595
- eISBN:
- 9781474476553
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474452595.003.0006
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Jewish Studies
The book concludes by articulating the significance of the attention to local history for our study of national and international themes of migration. Complementing works which address the lives of ...
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The book concludes by articulating the significance of the attention to local history for our study of national and international themes of migration. Complementing works which address the lives of individuals and congregations across the Anglophone world, the conclusion demonstrates that there is scope for further investigation of migrant rabbis, in particular. Jewish religious functionaries have, as yet, rarely been understood as a group of people whose migration westwards might shed light on transnational networks of authority. Adam Mendelsohn’s work on the middle of the nineteenth century and rabbis who migrated to various parts of the Anglophone world is pioneering in this regard. It is hoped that Jewish Orthodoxy in Scotland may give rise to other studies investigating the careers of others who graduated from the Hildesheimer Rabbinical Seminary before World War I and made their lives in the West.Less
The book concludes by articulating the significance of the attention to local history for our study of national and international themes of migration. Complementing works which address the lives of individuals and congregations across the Anglophone world, the conclusion demonstrates that there is scope for further investigation of migrant rabbis, in particular. Jewish religious functionaries have, as yet, rarely been understood as a group of people whose migration westwards might shed light on transnational networks of authority. Adam Mendelsohn’s work on the middle of the nineteenth century and rabbis who migrated to various parts of the Anglophone world is pioneering in this regard. It is hoped that Jewish Orthodoxy in Scotland may give rise to other studies investigating the careers of others who graduated from the Hildesheimer Rabbinical Seminary before World War I and made their lives in the West.
Thomas Davies
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- December 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199387533
- eISBN:
- 9780190235642
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199387533.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Political History
The concluding chapter argues that accounts of key developments in world history are incomplete without consideration of the role of transnational civil society. It also emphasises the cyclical ...
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The concluding chapter argues that accounts of key developments in world history are incomplete without consideration of the role of transnational civil society. It also emphasises the cyclical pattern in the evolution of international NGOs identified in the book, and provides summaries of the three major waves in the evolution of transnational civil society: the period to 1914, the interwar years, and the period since 1939. The factors responsible for the three waves are delineated, and it is shown that factors that in the short term may facilitate expansion may also in the long term facilitate contraction. The chapter concludes by considering the wide scope of potential future research into transnational history, as well as the future possibilities for transnational civil society in global governance, emphasising the importance of looking to past failures as well as apparent successes.Less
The concluding chapter argues that accounts of key developments in world history are incomplete without consideration of the role of transnational civil society. It also emphasises the cyclical pattern in the evolution of international NGOs identified in the book, and provides summaries of the three major waves in the evolution of transnational civil society: the period to 1914, the interwar years, and the period since 1939. The factors responsible for the three waves are delineated, and it is shown that factors that in the short term may facilitate expansion may also in the long term facilitate contraction. The chapter concludes by considering the wide scope of potential future research into transnational history, as well as the future possibilities for transnational civil society in global governance, emphasising the importance of looking to past failures as well as apparent successes.
Holger Nehring
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199681228
- eISBN:
- 9780191761188
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199681228.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, European Modern History
This book focuses on a number of peace movements in Britain and West Germany from the end of Second World War in 1945 to the early 1970s in order to answer this question. Britons and West Germans had ...
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This book focuses on a number of peace movements in Britain and West Germany from the end of Second World War in 1945 to the early 1970s in order to answer this question. Britons and West Germans had been fierce enemies in the Second World War, but after 1945 a substantial number of activists in both countries imagined themselves to be part of a common movement against nuclear armaments and for peace and security. Politics of Security tells the story of how people experienced the cold war as a war. It is about the impact of the cold war on political cultures. This crucial issue is often forgotten in historical memory. In particular, the book follows British and West German anti-nuclear weapons activists in their attempts to campaign for and create security after the destruction of the Second World War, and how their own version of security clashed with concepts advanced by their own governments. But the book also demonstrates how, as part of the protests against nuclear weapons, activists and their societies learned to live with the Bomb: the book recounts how activists first discovered the dangers of nuclear weapons, but how a different generation of activists came to focus on other issues as the Vietnam War became their primary concern. And it makes comprehensible how activists two societies who had fought each other fiercely in the battle of dictatorships and democracies of the Second World War could now come to see each other as part of a common campaign. Fundamentally, with its transnational approach, the book highlights how these two societies with very different experiences and memories of the cruelties and atrocities of the Second World War, drew on very similar arguments when they came to understand the cold war through the prism of the previous world war. The book is the first to capture in a transnational fashion what activists did on the marches and what it meant to them and to others. The book thus reminds us that threats are not merely out there, but that they need to be created in a political process that involves struggles for power and contestation.Less
This book focuses on a number of peace movements in Britain and West Germany from the end of Second World War in 1945 to the early 1970s in order to answer this question. Britons and West Germans had been fierce enemies in the Second World War, but after 1945 a substantial number of activists in both countries imagined themselves to be part of a common movement against nuclear armaments and for peace and security. Politics of Security tells the story of how people experienced the cold war as a war. It is about the impact of the cold war on political cultures. This crucial issue is often forgotten in historical memory. In particular, the book follows British and West German anti-nuclear weapons activists in their attempts to campaign for and create security after the destruction of the Second World War, and how their own version of security clashed with concepts advanced by their own governments. But the book also demonstrates how, as part of the protests against nuclear weapons, activists and their societies learned to live with the Bomb: the book recounts how activists first discovered the dangers of nuclear weapons, but how a different generation of activists came to focus on other issues as the Vietnam War became their primary concern. And it makes comprehensible how activists two societies who had fought each other fiercely in the battle of dictatorships and democracies of the Second World War could now come to see each other as part of a common campaign. Fundamentally, with its transnational approach, the book highlights how these two societies with very different experiences and memories of the cruelties and atrocities of the Second World War, drew on very similar arguments when they came to understand the cold war through the prism of the previous world war. The book is the first to capture in a transnational fashion what activists did on the marches and what it meant to them and to others. The book thus reminds us that threats are not merely out there, but that they need to be created in a political process that involves struggles for power and contestation.
John Krige
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780262027953
- eISBN:
- 9780262326100
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262027953.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This paper takes a transnational approach to the proliferation of space science and technology in the 1960s. It shows how the regulation of sensitive knowledge flows in the early cold war served as ...
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This paper takes a transnational approach to the proliferation of space science and technology in the 1960s. It shows how the regulation of sensitive knowledge flows in the early cold war served as an instrument of American foreign policy. Through standardization of practices and the construction of regulatory mechanisms the US sought to use its leadership in knowledge as a political weapon. It encouraged national space programs, enhanced European integration and interdependence, and tried to stop France’s technological ambitions undermining American hegemony in the region. It is stressed that patterns of international collaboration in space science and technology are shaped by state interests and that the global is constituted by state-driven strategies of inclusion/exclusion.Less
This paper takes a transnational approach to the proliferation of space science and technology in the 1960s. It shows how the regulation of sensitive knowledge flows in the early cold war served as an instrument of American foreign policy. Through standardization of practices and the construction of regulatory mechanisms the US sought to use its leadership in knowledge as a political weapon. It encouraged national space programs, enhanced European integration and interdependence, and tried to stop France’s technological ambitions undermining American hegemony in the region. It is stressed that patterns of international collaboration in space science and technology are shaped by state interests and that the global is constituted by state-driven strategies of inclusion/exclusion.
Simon Rofe (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781526131058
- eISBN:
- 9781526138873
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526131058.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Sport and Leisure
The purpose of this book is to critically enhance the appreciation of Diplomacy and Sport in global affairs from the perspective of practitioners and scholars. The book will make an important new ...
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The purpose of this book is to critically enhance the appreciation of Diplomacy and Sport in global affairs from the perspective of practitioners and scholars. The book will make an important new contribution to at least two distinct fields: Diplomacy and Sport, as well as to those concerned with History, Politics, Sociology, and International Relations. The critical analysis the book provides explores the linkages across these fields, particularly in relation to Soft Power and Public Diplomacy, and is supported by a wide range of sources and methodologies. The book draws in a range of scholars across these different fields, and includes esteemed FIFA scholar Prof. Alan Tomlinson. Tomlinson addresses diplomacy within the world’s global game of Association Football, while other subjects include the rise of Mega Sport Events (MSE) as sites of diplomacy, new consideration of Chinese Ping-Pong Diplomacy prior to the 1970s, the importance of boycotts in sport – particularly in relation to newly explored dimensions of the boycotts of the 1980 and 1984 Olympic Games. The place of non-state actors is explored throughout, be they individual or institutions they perform a crucial role as conduits of the transactions of sport and diplomacy Based on twentieth and twenty-first century evidence, the book acknowledges the antecedents from the ancient Olympics to the contemporary era and in its conclusions offers avenues for further study based on the future Sport and Diplomacy relationship. The book has strong international basis because it covers a broad range of countries, their diplomatic relationship with sport and is written by a truly transnational cast of authors. The intense media scrutiny on the Olympic Games, FIFA World Cup, and other international sports will also contribute to the global interest in this volume.Less
The purpose of this book is to critically enhance the appreciation of Diplomacy and Sport in global affairs from the perspective of practitioners and scholars. The book will make an important new contribution to at least two distinct fields: Diplomacy and Sport, as well as to those concerned with History, Politics, Sociology, and International Relations. The critical analysis the book provides explores the linkages across these fields, particularly in relation to Soft Power and Public Diplomacy, and is supported by a wide range of sources and methodologies. The book draws in a range of scholars across these different fields, and includes esteemed FIFA scholar Prof. Alan Tomlinson. Tomlinson addresses diplomacy within the world’s global game of Association Football, while other subjects include the rise of Mega Sport Events (MSE) as sites of diplomacy, new consideration of Chinese Ping-Pong Diplomacy prior to the 1970s, the importance of boycotts in sport – particularly in relation to newly explored dimensions of the boycotts of the 1980 and 1984 Olympic Games. The place of non-state actors is explored throughout, be they individual or institutions they perform a crucial role as conduits of the transactions of sport and diplomacy Based on twentieth and twenty-first century evidence, the book acknowledges the antecedents from the ancient Olympics to the contemporary era and in its conclusions offers avenues for further study based on the future Sport and Diplomacy relationship. The book has strong international basis because it covers a broad range of countries, their diplomatic relationship with sport and is written by a truly transnational cast of authors. The intense media scrutiny on the Olympic Games, FIFA World Cup, and other international sports will also contribute to the global interest in this volume.
