María Lorena Cook
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198781837
- eISBN:
- 9780191598968
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198781830.003.0021
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
Explores a novel and unexpected by‐product of the process of negotiating the North American Free Trade Agreement—a network of North American labour, environmental, human rights, and other citizens’ ...
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Explores a novel and unexpected by‐product of the process of negotiating the North American Free Trade Agreement—a network of North American labour, environmental, human rights, and other citizens’ organizations using international alliances to modify the agreement and to contest what was widely viewed as an anti‐popular and exclusionary process. While economic integration between the US and Mexico had been taking place for some time, the author argues that it was the formal recognition of this process through the NAFTA agreement that facilitated transnational political action by non‐state actors. Even though economic globalization and neo‐liberalism may be considered by some to undermine popular organizations, formal recognition of North American economic integration paradoxically produced a ‘transnational political arena’ linking the US, Mexico, and Canada. Well beyond the period and issues of the formal debate about the treaty itself, this transnational arena has expanded the resources available to non‐governmental groups, increased their leverage in domestic political arena, and broadened their strategic options.Less
Explores a novel and unexpected by‐product of the process of negotiating the North American Free Trade Agreement—a network of North American labour, environmental, human rights, and other citizens’ organizations using international alliances to modify the agreement and to contest what was widely viewed as an anti‐popular and exclusionary process. While economic integration between the US and Mexico had been taking place for some time, the author argues that it was the formal recognition of this process through the NAFTA agreement that facilitated transnational political action by non‐state actors. Even though economic globalization and neo‐liberalism may be considered by some to undermine popular organizations, formal recognition of North American economic integration paradoxically produced a ‘transnational political arena’ linking the US, Mexico, and Canada. Well beyond the period and issues of the formal debate about the treaty itself, this transnational arena has expanded the resources available to non‐governmental groups, increased their leverage in domestic political arena, and broadened their strategic options.
Elizabeth S. Manley
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780813054292
- eISBN:
- 9780813053042
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813054292.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
The introductory chapter presents the two main arguments of the study. First, as a result of both the Trujillo and Balaguer regimes’ efforts to uphold the Dominican Republic’s international ...
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The introductory chapter presents the two main arguments of the study. First, as a result of both the Trujillo and Balaguer regimes’ efforts to uphold the Dominican Republic’s international reputation as stable and project an image of a progressive and progressing nation, women found and expanded spaces of global and transnational activism that advanced basic political rights and paved the way for the late 20th century feminist movement. Second, while the paternal constructs of rule upheld by Trujillo and Balaguer did advance women’s roles in certain arenas of society and politics, they also paradoxically enforced a superstructure that maintained a traditional understanding of women’s innate abilities as maternal public figures. It elaborates on the historiographies of Dominican women’s history, transnational feminism, and dictatorship, and lays out the structure of the subsequent chapters.Less
The introductory chapter presents the two main arguments of the study. First, as a result of both the Trujillo and Balaguer regimes’ efforts to uphold the Dominican Republic’s international reputation as stable and project an image of a progressive and progressing nation, women found and expanded spaces of global and transnational activism that advanced basic political rights and paved the way for the late 20th century feminist movement. Second, while the paternal constructs of rule upheld by Trujillo and Balaguer did advance women’s roles in certain arenas of society and politics, they also paradoxically enforced a superstructure that maintained a traditional understanding of women’s innate abilities as maternal public figures. It elaborates on the historiographies of Dominican women’s history, transnational feminism, and dictatorship, and lays out the structure of the subsequent chapters.
Phillip M. Ayoub and David Paternotte
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781479898992
- eISBN:
- 9781479806799
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479898992.003.0009
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
This chapter discusses transnational lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) activism at the international European level and on the ground in Central and Eastern Europe. LGBT activists have ...
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This chapter discusses transnational lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) activism at the international European level and on the ground in Central and Eastern Europe. LGBT activists have imagined a new sociopolitical European community, challenging the frontiers of exclusion and the modes of belonging of the liberal nation-state. These activists are not simply extending a liberal notion of rights to an unrecognized group. By imagining Europe as, in part, defined by the inclusion of LGBT people, they are redefining “rights” and forms of citizenship that transcend the bounded nation-state. LGBT activism in Central and Eastern Europe, then, contributes to rebuilding the meaning of Europe from the ground up. Yet, borders remain when these efforts created new hierarchies among activists and paradoxically reinforced a distinction between the “modern West” and the “homophobic East.” This underscores the importance of bringing together the analysis of internal and external dynamics of border construction and resistance to develop more comprehensive understandings of material and symbolic border politics.Less
This chapter discusses transnational lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) activism at the international European level and on the ground in Central and Eastern Europe. LGBT activists have imagined a new sociopolitical European community, challenging the frontiers of exclusion and the modes of belonging of the liberal nation-state. These activists are not simply extending a liberal notion of rights to an unrecognized group. By imagining Europe as, in part, defined by the inclusion of LGBT people, they are redefining “rights” and forms of citizenship that transcend the bounded nation-state. LGBT activism in Central and Eastern Europe, then, contributes to rebuilding the meaning of Europe from the ground up. Yet, borders remain when these efforts created new hierarchies among activists and paradoxically reinforced a distinction between the “modern West” and the “homophobic East.” This underscores the importance of bringing together the analysis of internal and external dynamics of border construction and resistance to develop more comprehensive understandings of material and symbolic border politics.
Karisa Cloward
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780190274917
- eISBN:
- 9780190274955
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190274917.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics, Comparative Politics
The introduction asks how individuals and communities respond to transnational activism that pits international norms against local norms. It highlights the theoretical significance of research on ...
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The introduction asks how individuals and communities respond to transnational activism that pits international norms against local norms. It highlights the theoretical significance of research on norm change among nonstate actors and the substantive significance of research on the practices of female genital mutilation (FGM) and early marriage. In addition, this chapter provides an overview of the argument and describes and justifies the research design (including issue selection, case selection, and research methods). It defines keyterms—norms, FGM, early marriage—and discusses conceptual and practical issues associated with these definitions. It further describes variation in the practice of FGM and early marriage worldwide, as well as the evolution of transnational activism against them.Less
The introduction asks how individuals and communities respond to transnational activism that pits international norms against local norms. It highlights the theoretical significance of research on norm change among nonstate actors and the substantive significance of research on the practices of female genital mutilation (FGM) and early marriage. In addition, this chapter provides an overview of the argument and describes and justifies the research design (including issue selection, case selection, and research methods). It defines keyterms—norms, FGM, early marriage—and discusses conceptual and practical issues associated with these definitions. It further describes variation in the practice of FGM and early marriage worldwide, as well as the evolution of transnational activism against them.
Lawrie Balfour
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195377293
- eISBN:
- 9780199893768
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195377293.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter considers how the worldly orientation of Du Bois's political thought might inform political theory as it turns toward the global. The central text in this case is an unlikely one. While ...
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This chapter considers how the worldly orientation of Du Bois's political thought might inform political theory as it turns toward the global. The central text in this case is an unlikely one. While scholars increasingly appreciate the extent of Du Bois's transnational activism and writing in the mid-20th century, this chapter concentrates on The Suppression of the African Slave-Trade the United States of America, 1638–1870 (1896). It argues that Du Bois's first book, although thoroughly American, nonetheless demonstrates the impossibility of constructing a theory of democracy that restricts its concern within US boundaries. Using a contrast between “black world” and “white nation,” it suggests how a close reading of Suppression in conjunction with Martha Nussbaum's For Love of Country reveals the unacknowledged racial politics of recent appeals to cosmopolitanism, on the one hand, and civic nationalism, on the other.Less
This chapter considers how the worldly orientation of Du Bois's political thought might inform political theory as it turns toward the global. The central text in this case is an unlikely one. While scholars increasingly appreciate the extent of Du Bois's transnational activism and writing in the mid-20th century, this chapter concentrates on The Suppression of the African Slave-Trade the United States of America, 1638–1870 (1896). It argues that Du Bois's first book, although thoroughly American, nonetheless demonstrates the impossibility of constructing a theory of democracy that restricts its concern within US boundaries. Using a contrast between “black world” and “white nation,” it suggests how a close reading of Suppression in conjunction with Martha Nussbaum's For Love of Country reveals the unacknowledged racial politics of recent appeals to cosmopolitanism, on the one hand, and civic nationalism, on the other.
Karisa Cloward
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780190274917
- eISBN:
- 9780190274955
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190274917.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics, Comparative Politics
Many transnational campaigns, and particularly the transnational campaign on violence against women, promote international norms that target the behavior of local nonstate actors, while many of these ...
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Many transnational campaigns, and particularly the transnational campaign on violence against women, promote international norms that target the behavior of local nonstate actors, while many of these local actors are subscribing to conflicting local norms. What happens when the international and local norms collide? When does transnational activism lead individuals and communities to abandon local norms and embrace international ones? The book presents a theoretical framework for understanding the range of local-level responses to international norm promotion and applies this framework to the issues of female genital mutilation (FGM) and early marriage. The book argues that, conditional on exposure to an international normative message, individuals can decide to change their attitudes, their actual behavior, and the public image they present to international and local audiences. It finds that the impact of transnational activism on individual decision-making substantially depends on the salience of the international and local norms to their respective proponents, as well as on community-level factors such as the density of NGO activity and the availability of an exit option from the local norm. The book further finds that there are both social and temporal dimensions to the diffusion of international norms across individuals and through communities. The book evaluates the theory by examining changes in the patterns of FGM and early marriage among the Maasai and Samburu in Kenya, using a mixed-method empirical strategy that includes qualitative interviews and an original representative survey with a randomized experimental component.Less
Many transnational campaigns, and particularly the transnational campaign on violence against women, promote international norms that target the behavior of local nonstate actors, while many of these local actors are subscribing to conflicting local norms. What happens when the international and local norms collide? When does transnational activism lead individuals and communities to abandon local norms and embrace international ones? The book presents a theoretical framework for understanding the range of local-level responses to international norm promotion and applies this framework to the issues of female genital mutilation (FGM) and early marriage. The book argues that, conditional on exposure to an international normative message, individuals can decide to change their attitudes, their actual behavior, and the public image they present to international and local audiences. It finds that the impact of transnational activism on individual decision-making substantially depends on the salience of the international and local norms to their respective proponents, as well as on community-level factors such as the density of NGO activity and the availability of an exit option from the local norm. The book further finds that there are both social and temporal dimensions to the diffusion of international norms across individuals and through communities. The book evaluates the theory by examining changes in the patterns of FGM and early marriage among the Maasai and Samburu in Kenya, using a mixed-method empirical strategy that includes qualitative interviews and an original representative survey with a randomized experimental component.
Kia Lilly Caldwell
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780252040986
- eISBN:
- 9780252099533
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252040986.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
This chapter examines black women health activists’ contributions to an intersectional reconceptualization of health that links gender health equity and racial health equity. The analysis explores ...
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This chapter examines black women health activists’ contributions to an intersectional reconceptualization of health that links gender health equity and racial health equity. The analysis explores the development of black women’s organizations in Brazil and their advocacy and policy work related to reproductive health, female sterilization, and HIV/AIDS. The analysis also focuses on black women’s local, national, and transnational activism, particularly related to the 2001 World Conference Against Racism. The chapter argues that black women’s efforts to promote the development of non-universalist health policies underscores the importance of activists, scholars, and the Brazilian state reconceptualizing health disparities in ways that acknowledge the interrelationship among racial, gender, and socio-economic inequalities.Less
This chapter examines black women health activists’ contributions to an intersectional reconceptualization of health that links gender health equity and racial health equity. The analysis explores the development of black women’s organizations in Brazil and their advocacy and policy work related to reproductive health, female sterilization, and HIV/AIDS. The analysis also focuses on black women’s local, national, and transnational activism, particularly related to the 2001 World Conference Against Racism. The chapter argues that black women’s efforts to promote the development of non-universalist health policies underscores the importance of activists, scholars, and the Brazilian state reconceptualizing health disparities in ways that acknowledge the interrelationship among racial, gender, and socio-economic inequalities.
Rosa Linda Fregoso
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520229976
- eISBN:
- 9780520937284
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520229976.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter explores the competing and often overlapping narratives that have been used to interpret the murders of women. At the same time, these narratives expose the subject that is constructed ...
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This chapter explores the competing and often overlapping narratives that have been used to interpret the murders of women. At the same time, these narratives expose the subject that is constructed within each account. The chapter begins with a description of the killings and violence against women in Ciudad Juárez and the media attention it garnered. It looks at the state's responses to gender violence, which were negation and disaggregation, and other accounts of feminicide. It demonstrates how the discourse of globalism elides the many structures of oppression in the lives of women and provides an explanation for the killings. Cultural representations that have been informed by the discourse of globalism, transnational activism on the border, and a discussion of Señorita extraviada, a film by Lourdes Portillo about the feminicide in Ciudad Juárez, are included.Less
This chapter explores the competing and often overlapping narratives that have been used to interpret the murders of women. At the same time, these narratives expose the subject that is constructed within each account. The chapter begins with a description of the killings and violence against women in Ciudad Juárez and the media attention it garnered. It looks at the state's responses to gender violence, which were negation and disaggregation, and other accounts of feminicide. It demonstrates how the discourse of globalism elides the many structures of oppression in the lives of women and provides an explanation for the killings. Cultural representations that have been informed by the discourse of globalism, transnational activism on the border, and a discussion of Señorita extraviada, a film by Lourdes Portillo about the feminicide in Ciudad Juárez, are included.
Celeste Montoya
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199927197
- eISBN:
- 9780199332946
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199927197.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics, European Union
This chapter lays out a new theoretical framework for understanding how transnational activism and the specific strategies of international organizations might translate into various degrees of ...
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This chapter lays out a new theoretical framework for understanding how transnational activism and the specific strategies of international organizations might translate into various degrees of policy development or domestic responsiveness to social issues, particularly violence against women. This framework places a heavy emphasis on the distinction between reform as policy rhetoric and reform as changes in practices. It outlines different patterns of interaction between international and domestic actors that may emerge based on variations in domestic circumstances (i.e., women’s movements, institutional advocates, and government responsiveness). It also discusses the different types of strategies that international organizations might employ to mitigate obstacles or shortcomings at the local level to improve domestic responsiveness.Less
This chapter lays out a new theoretical framework for understanding how transnational activism and the specific strategies of international organizations might translate into various degrees of policy development or domestic responsiveness to social issues, particularly violence against women. This framework places a heavy emphasis on the distinction between reform as policy rhetoric and reform as changes in practices. It outlines different patterns of interaction between international and domestic actors that may emerge based on variations in domestic circumstances (i.e., women’s movements, institutional advocates, and government responsiveness). It also discusses the different types of strategies that international organizations might employ to mitigate obstacles or shortcomings at the local level to improve domestic responsiveness.
Celeste Montoya
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199927197
- eISBN:
- 9780199332946
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199927197.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics, European Union
From Global to Grassroots looks at how transnational activism aimed at combating violence against women is being used to instigate changes in local practice. Focusing on the case of the ...
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From Global to Grassroots looks at how transnational activism aimed at combating violence against women is being used to instigate changes in local practice. Focusing on the case of the European Union and its efforts to establish women’s human rights, this study provides empirical and intersectional feminist analysis of the transnational processes that connect global, regional, and grassroots advocacy efforts. This book first traces the processes by which violence against women became a European Union issue, examining the role played by global movements and organizations as well as European advocates within and outside of EU institutions. Second, it explores and analyzes the strategies of norm diffusion, coercive pressure, and capacity building utilized by the EU to influence its member and candidate states to change practices. Third, it evaluates the impact that these strategies have at the local level by investigating the interaction of international and regional efforts with domestic characteristics. While other studies have emphasized formal policy change as evidence that domestic change has occurred, this study looks beyond the rhetoric to examine the extent to which violence against women is addressed, paying special attention to the disparate impact that different strategies may have on particular groups of women.Less
From Global to Grassroots looks at how transnational activism aimed at combating violence against women is being used to instigate changes in local practice. Focusing on the case of the European Union and its efforts to establish women’s human rights, this study provides empirical and intersectional feminist analysis of the transnational processes that connect global, regional, and grassroots advocacy efforts. This book first traces the processes by which violence against women became a European Union issue, examining the role played by global movements and organizations as well as European advocates within and outside of EU institutions. Second, it explores and analyzes the strategies of norm diffusion, coercive pressure, and capacity building utilized by the EU to influence its member and candidate states to change practices. Third, it evaluates the impact that these strategies have at the local level by investigating the interaction of international and regional efforts with domestic characteristics. While other studies have emphasized formal policy change as evidence that domestic change has occurred, this study looks beyond the rhetoric to examine the extent to which violence against women is addressed, paying special attention to the disparate impact that different strategies may have on particular groups of women.
Kemi Fuentes-George
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780262034289
- eISBN:
- 9780262333924
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262034289.003.0006
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Environmental Studies
The conclusion finds that a comparative study of transnational activism underlines the importance of justice claims to global environmental governance. It links debates on international environmental ...
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The conclusion finds that a comparative study of transnational activism underlines the importance of justice claims to global environmental governance. It links debates on international environmental justice with literature on environmental regime effectiveness and neoliberal ecological economics. When networks generated a consensus, socialized with policymakers and invoked norms consonant with local justice, they were more likely to persuade policymakers. Absent one or more of the variables, conservation projects were implemented poorly, or simply rejected by states. Therefore, issues of fairness or justice go to the heart of effective management. They reflect the important normative questions behind biodiversity management, including what biodiversity consists of, what it is being managed for, and for whom it is being conserved.Less
The conclusion finds that a comparative study of transnational activism underlines the importance of justice claims to global environmental governance. It links debates on international environmental justice with literature on environmental regime effectiveness and neoliberal ecological economics. When networks generated a consensus, socialized with policymakers and invoked norms consonant with local justice, they were more likely to persuade policymakers. Absent one or more of the variables, conservation projects were implemented poorly, or simply rejected by states. Therefore, issues of fairness or justice go to the heart of effective management. They reflect the important normative questions behind biodiversity management, including what biodiversity consists of, what it is being managed for, and for whom it is being conserved.
Amanda Ciafone
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814786437
- eISBN:
- 9780814786451
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814786437.003.0008
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
This chapter examines how India's activists employed transnational mobilization to protest Coca-Cola's exploitation of groundwater in the production of bottled drinks amid a growing national crisis ...
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This chapter examines how India's activists employed transnational mobilization to protest Coca-Cola's exploitation of groundwater in the production of bottled drinks amid a growing national crisis of water scarcity in the country. It describes this transnational activism as a powerful critique of corporate globalization and Indian neoliberalism as well as a stark reminder of the dispossession of the resources of the rural poor for consumption by those on the other side of a widening economic divide in India's new freer marketplace. It also considers how the activists' struggle for “water for life, not for profit,” launched via a network of disparate sites of protest against Coca-Cola and distant allies, transformed the symbolic capital of the company's heavily branded products and its corporate world system more generally.Less
This chapter examines how India's activists employed transnational mobilization to protest Coca-Cola's exploitation of groundwater in the production of bottled drinks amid a growing national crisis of water scarcity in the country. It describes this transnational activism as a powerful critique of corporate globalization and Indian neoliberalism as well as a stark reminder of the dispossession of the resources of the rural poor for consumption by those on the other side of a widening economic divide in India's new freer marketplace. It also considers how the activists' struggle for “water for life, not for profit,” launched via a network of disparate sites of protest against Coca-Cola and distant allies, transformed the symbolic capital of the company's heavily branded products and its corporate world system more generally.
Mina Roces
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824834999
- eISBN:
- 9780824871581
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824834999.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter focuses on the transnational nature of the women's movements. “Transnational” here is referred to as the movement of ideas about women's status and rights across national borders, as ...
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This chapter focuses on the transnational nature of the women's movements. “Transnational” here is referred to as the movement of ideas about women's status and rights across national borders, as well as the across-the-border organizing between women activists from different countries. The chapter argues that some activists' decisions to locate themselves in the interstices has proved to be an effective strategy. Straddling national borders allows them to have a continuing dialogue with feminists of all color, injecting Philippine perspectives into international women's movements, and in so doing affecting international feminist debates and international activism on behalf of all women. Transnational activism also has an impact on the perspectives of Filipina activists who have developed an international outlook.Less
This chapter focuses on the transnational nature of the women's movements. “Transnational” here is referred to as the movement of ideas about women's status and rights across national borders, as well as the across-the-border organizing between women activists from different countries. The chapter argues that some activists' decisions to locate themselves in the interstices has proved to be an effective strategy. Straddling national borders allows them to have a continuing dialogue with feminists of all color, injecting Philippine perspectives into international women's movements, and in so doing affecting international feminist debates and international activism on behalf of all women. Transnational activism also has an impact on the perspectives of Filipina activists who have developed an international outlook.
Elizabeth S. Manley
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780813054292
- eISBN:
- 9780813053042
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813054292.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
The epilogue concludes with an assessment of the gendered politics of the final three years of Balaguer’s rule within the context of both the increasing attention to global feminism and the ...
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The epilogue concludes with an assessment of the gendered politics of the final three years of Balaguer’s rule within the context of both the increasing attention to global feminism and the democratic transition to President Antonio Guzman in 1978. It looks specifically at the event surrounding the International Women’s Year (1975) and the ways the women in the opposition pushed forth a more active and gender-conscious agenda. Although the shifts were subtle, a clear difference in tactics manifested itself across the political spectrum as women advocated a more aggressive and cross-partisan platform of feminist rights. Through these transformations the grounding of modern Dominican feminism is then visibly linked to its early predecessors of the 1920s pre-Trujillo period while also embedded in the fifty years of engagement with authoritarianism and transnational activism.Less
The epilogue concludes with an assessment of the gendered politics of the final three years of Balaguer’s rule within the context of both the increasing attention to global feminism and the democratic transition to President Antonio Guzman in 1978. It looks specifically at the event surrounding the International Women’s Year (1975) and the ways the women in the opposition pushed forth a more active and gender-conscious agenda. Although the shifts were subtle, a clear difference in tactics manifested itself across the political spectrum as women advocated a more aggressive and cross-partisan platform of feminist rights. Through these transformations the grounding of modern Dominican feminism is then visibly linked to its early predecessors of the 1920s pre-Trujillo period while also embedded in the fifty years of engagement with authoritarianism and transnational activism.
Wayne Sandholtz and Kendall Stiles
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195380088
- eISBN:
- 9780199855377
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195380088.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
International lawyers and international relations scholars recognize that international norms change over time. Practices that were once permissible and even “normal” — like slavery, conquest, and ...
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International lawyers and international relations scholars recognize that international norms change over time. Practices that were once permissible and even “normal” — like slavery, conquest, and wartime plundering — are now prohibited by international rules. Yet though we acknowledge norm change, we are just beginning to understand how and why international rules develop in the ways that they do. This book sketches the primary theoretical perspectives on international norm change, the “legalization” and “transnational activist” approaches, and argues that both are limited by their focus on international rules as outcomes. It then presents the “cycle theory”, in which norm change is continual, a product of the constant interplay among rules, behavior, and disputes. International Norms and Cycles of Change is the natural follow-on to Prohibiting Plunder, testing the cycle theory against ten empirical cases. The cases range from piracy and conquest, to terrorism, slavery, genocide, humanitarian intervention, and the right to democracy. The key finding is that, across long stretches of time and diverse substantive areas, norm change occurs via the cycle dynamic. This book further advances the authors' theoretical approach by arguing that international norms have been shaped by two main currents: sovereignty rules and liberal rules. It includes five cases of sovereignty rules and five of liberal rules in order to reveal the broad cyclic pattern of international change in these two categories of rules.Less
International lawyers and international relations scholars recognize that international norms change over time. Practices that were once permissible and even “normal” — like slavery, conquest, and wartime plundering — are now prohibited by international rules. Yet though we acknowledge norm change, we are just beginning to understand how and why international rules develop in the ways that they do. This book sketches the primary theoretical perspectives on international norm change, the “legalization” and “transnational activist” approaches, and argues that both are limited by their focus on international rules as outcomes. It then presents the “cycle theory”, in which norm change is continual, a product of the constant interplay among rules, behavior, and disputes. International Norms and Cycles of Change is the natural follow-on to Prohibiting Plunder, testing the cycle theory against ten empirical cases. The cases range from piracy and conquest, to terrorism, slavery, genocide, humanitarian intervention, and the right to democracy. The key finding is that, across long stretches of time and diverse substantive areas, norm change occurs via the cycle dynamic. This book further advances the authors' theoretical approach by arguing that international norms have been shaped by two main currents: sovereignty rules and liberal rules. It includes five cases of sovereignty rules and five of liberal rules in order to reveal the broad cyclic pattern of international change in these two categories of rules.
Laila Haidarali
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781479875108
- eISBN:
- 9781479865499
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479875108.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
Chapter 5 explores how brownness appeared in Harlem Renaissance fiction as an index of growing sentiments around transnational activism. Focusing on W. E. B. DuBois’s novel, Dark Princess: A Romance ...
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Chapter 5 explores how brownness appeared in Harlem Renaissance fiction as an index of growing sentiments around transnational activism. Focusing on W. E. B. DuBois’s novel, Dark Princess: A Romance (1928), this chapter analyzes the novel’s narrative device of brownness with a focus on the representation of an Asian Indian princess as the main female protagonist and love interest of the African American male hero. This chapter also explores DuBois’s intellectualizing on the “race concept”; it highlights the political, social, and legal shifts in understandings of race while considering how these meanings shaped views of New Negro womanhood.Less
Chapter 5 explores how brownness appeared in Harlem Renaissance fiction as an index of growing sentiments around transnational activism. Focusing on W. E. B. DuBois’s novel, Dark Princess: A Romance (1928), this chapter analyzes the novel’s narrative device of brownness with a focus on the representation of an Asian Indian princess as the main female protagonist and love interest of the African American male hero. This chapter also explores DuBois’s intellectualizing on the “race concept”; it highlights the political, social, and legal shifts in understandings of race while considering how these meanings shaped views of New Negro womanhood.
Jackie Smith
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816672899
- eISBN:
- 9781452947174
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816672899.003.0006
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Movements and Social Change
This chapter deals with the issue of why scholars have been such prominent actors in so many movements in history, as well as how their positions in society affect their roles and contributions to ...
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This chapter deals with the issue of why scholars have been such prominent actors in so many movements in history, as well as how their positions in society affect their roles and contributions to social movements. It presents a study on transnational activism in an effort to translate models of activism from the global political arena into a local context. The choice to identify as a scholar activist is part of a larger collective process of strategizing on how to better familiarize oneself with movements. Considering the dynamic process of learning, articulating, and adapting strategies, social movement scholars should not be asking whether or not engaged scholarship is a legitimate practice. Instead, scholars should ask the question of whether understanding, analyzing, and contributing to discourses about strategy is attainable without research designs.Less
This chapter deals with the issue of why scholars have been such prominent actors in so many movements in history, as well as how their positions in society affect their roles and contributions to social movements. It presents a study on transnational activism in an effort to translate models of activism from the global political arena into a local context. The choice to identify as a scholar activist is part of a larger collective process of strategizing on how to better familiarize oneself with movements. Considering the dynamic process of learning, articulating, and adapting strategies, social movement scholars should not be asking whether or not engaged scholarship is a legitimate practice. Instead, scholars should ask the question of whether understanding, analyzing, and contributing to discourses about strategy is attainable without research designs.
Kate Pride Brown
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- March 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190660949
- eISBN:
- 9780190660987
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190660949.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Movements and Social Change, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change
This chapter traces the relational position of civil society through the history of three key organizations: Baikal Environmental Wave, the Tahoe-Baikal Institute, and the Great Baikal Trail. The ...
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This chapter traces the relational position of civil society through the history of three key organizations: Baikal Environmental Wave, the Tahoe-Baikal Institute, and the Great Baikal Trail. The development of local environmental civil society around Lake Baikal in the post-Soviet years was conditioned by two important changes. First, the Soviet collapse opened the door to global interaction. Local civil society was inextricably linked to global networks and forces that shaped the course of its development. Second, civil society’s strength and independence shifted along with the status of other power holders in the larger field. In the 1990s, the economy and the state were in crisis and collapse. Civil society was then most free to define itself and take aggressive positions. As the two opposing powers recover in the 2000s, accommodation to economic and political power is preferred.Less
This chapter traces the relational position of civil society through the history of three key organizations: Baikal Environmental Wave, the Tahoe-Baikal Institute, and the Great Baikal Trail. The development of local environmental civil society around Lake Baikal in the post-Soviet years was conditioned by two important changes. First, the Soviet collapse opened the door to global interaction. Local civil society was inextricably linked to global networks and forces that shaped the course of its development. Second, civil society’s strength and independence shifted along with the status of other power holders in the larger field. In the 1990s, the economy and the state were in crisis and collapse. Civil society was then most free to define itself and take aggressive positions. As the two opposing powers recover in the 2000s, accommodation to economic and political power is preferred.
Kate Pride Brown
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- March 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190660949
- eISBN:
- 9780190660987
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190660949.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Movements and Social Change, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change
Villagers around Lake Baikal are known for their doubt, suspicion, apathy, and resistance to change. When activists from Baikal Environmental Wave seek to engage them, they put on a display of ...
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Villagers around Lake Baikal are known for their doubt, suspicion, apathy, and resistance to change. When activists from Baikal Environmental Wave seek to engage them, they put on a display of disinterest and non-involvement. But when the same organization conducts a series of webinars between these villagers and activists at Lake Tahoe in California, the people become increasingly enthusiastic and involved. This suggests that transnational activism can help break down mental barriers that come from domestic conditions that inspire fatalism. “Defamiliarization” helps locals see their own circumstances in a new light. However, expectations can dampen the experience of defamiliarization, and insincerity in collaboration can result in disappointment and disillusionment. Nevertheless, through defamiliarization, globalization can help augment civil society’s power, which is directly drawn from voluntary public engagement.Less
Villagers around Lake Baikal are known for their doubt, suspicion, apathy, and resistance to change. When activists from Baikal Environmental Wave seek to engage them, they put on a display of disinterest and non-involvement. But when the same organization conducts a series of webinars between these villagers and activists at Lake Tahoe in California, the people become increasingly enthusiastic and involved. This suggests that transnational activism can help break down mental barriers that come from domestic conditions that inspire fatalism. “Defamiliarization” helps locals see their own circumstances in a new light. However, expectations can dampen the experience of defamiliarization, and insincerity in collaboration can result in disappointment and disillusionment. Nevertheless, through defamiliarization, globalization can help augment civil society’s power, which is directly drawn from voluntary public engagement.
Rochelle Dreyfuss and César Rodríguez-Garavito (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199676743
- eISBN:
- 9780191756283
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199676743.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Intellectual Property, IT, and Media Law, Competition Law
This book focuses on the debates concerning aspects of intellectual property law that bear on access to medicines in a set of developing countries. Specifically, the chapters look at measures that ...
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This book focuses on the debates concerning aspects of intellectual property law that bear on access to medicines in a set of developing countries. Specifically, the chapters look at measures that regulate the acquisition, recognition, and use of patent rights on pharmaceuticals and trade secrets in data concerning them, along with the conditions under which these rights expire so as to permit the production of cheaper generic drugs. In addition, the book includes commentary from scholars in human rights, international institutions, and transnational activism. The case studies presented from eleven Latin American countries have many commonalities in terms of economics, legal systems, and political histories, and yet they differ in the balance each has struck between proprietary interests and access concerns. The book documents this cross-country variation in legal norms and practice, identifies the factors that have led to differences in result, and theorizes as to how differentials among these countries occur and why they endure within a common transnational regulatory regime. The work concludes by putting the results of the investigations into a global administrative law frame and offers suggestions on institutional mechanisms for considering the trade-offs between health and wealth.Less
This book focuses on the debates concerning aspects of intellectual property law that bear on access to medicines in a set of developing countries. Specifically, the chapters look at measures that regulate the acquisition, recognition, and use of patent rights on pharmaceuticals and trade secrets in data concerning them, along with the conditions under which these rights expire so as to permit the production of cheaper generic drugs. In addition, the book includes commentary from scholars in human rights, international institutions, and transnational activism. The case studies presented from eleven Latin American countries have many commonalities in terms of economics, legal systems, and political histories, and yet they differ in the balance each has struck between proprietary interests and access concerns. The book documents this cross-country variation in legal norms and practice, identifies the factors that have led to differences in result, and theorizes as to how differentials among these countries occur and why they endure within a common transnational regulatory regime. The work concludes by putting the results of the investigations into a global administrative law frame and offers suggestions on institutional mechanisms for considering the trade-offs between health and wealth.