Giovanni Andrea Cornia and Vladimir Popov (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199242184
- eISBN:
- 9780191697043
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199242184.003.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
The transition to the market economy has brought about a large and abrupt recession and significant increases in unemployment in most countries of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. This ...
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The transition to the market economy has brought about a large and abrupt recession and significant increases in unemployment in most countries of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. This chapter discusses the factors which caused this transformational recession. These include the variations in initial structural and institutional conditions, decline of institutional capabilities, and changes in the property rights regime and microeconomic incentives. It also discusses the key elements for an institutions-focused transition strategy.Less
The transition to the market economy has brought about a large and abrupt recession and significant increases in unemployment in most countries of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. This chapter discusses the factors which caused this transformational recession. These include the variations in initial structural and institutional conditions, decline of institutional capabilities, and changes in the property rights regime and microeconomic incentives. It also discusses the key elements for an institutions-focused transition strategy.
Frank Sobchak
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780813177571
- eISBN:
- 9780813177588
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813177571.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Conflict Politics and Policy
This chapter discusses the decisions which led to the strategic failure of the US intervention in Iraq, arguing that such failure was the byproduct of a series of bad decisions rather than ...
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This chapter discusses the decisions which led to the strategic failure of the US intervention in Iraq, arguing that such failure was the byproduct of a series of bad decisions rather than predetermined. Specifically, the most consequential sets of decisions which contributed to the mission's ultimate failure were the decision to begin the conflict with an inadequate postwar plan, the irrational decisions made in the aftermath of the collapse of the Iraq state, the decision to pursue the transition strategy for two years, the decision to not intervene against electoral abuses in 2010, and the decision to withdraw without a residual force. The United States' inability to craft a strategy that deterred or responded to external malignant actors compounded the effects of those poor decisions. In spite of all the strategic, operational, and tactical mistakes it made, the US nearly was able to achieve a semblance of success as a result of a new strategy nicknamed "the Surge." That temporary success, however, ultimately collapsed under the weight of previous errors that had run out political support for the mission and because of a series of further errors.Less
This chapter discusses the decisions which led to the strategic failure of the US intervention in Iraq, arguing that such failure was the byproduct of a series of bad decisions rather than predetermined. Specifically, the most consequential sets of decisions which contributed to the mission's ultimate failure were the decision to begin the conflict with an inadequate postwar plan, the irrational decisions made in the aftermath of the collapse of the Iraq state, the decision to pursue the transition strategy for two years, the decision to not intervene against electoral abuses in 2010, and the decision to withdraw without a residual force. The United States' inability to craft a strategy that deterred or responded to external malignant actors compounded the effects of those poor decisions. In spite of all the strategic, operational, and tactical mistakes it made, the US nearly was able to achieve a semblance of success as a result of a new strategy nicknamed "the Surge." That temporary success, however, ultimately collapsed under the weight of previous errors that had run out political support for the mission and because of a series of further errors.
Dieter Helm
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300186598
- eISBN:
- 9780300188646
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300186598.003.0011
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Environmental Studies
This chapter focuses on the importance of a transition strategy—one that heads off the enormous projected expansion of coal-fired power stations and gets the existing ones closed as fast as possible. ...
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This chapter focuses on the importance of a transition strategy—one that heads off the enormous projected expansion of coal-fired power stations and gets the existing ones closed as fast as possible. The shale gas revolution has a particular resonance for the electricity market and for the options for new power stations. Gas-fired power stations have the peculiar economic merit of being comparatively quick to build, and have lower capital costs relative to coal, nuclear, and wind. Opponents of shale gas developments have a good case to make about specific locations, and about the general quality of the regulatory framework. Because none of the existing technologies can achieve decarbonization, new technologies are required, and the R&D will therefore have to be financed.Less
This chapter focuses on the importance of a transition strategy—one that heads off the enormous projected expansion of coal-fired power stations and gets the existing ones closed as fast as possible. The shale gas revolution has a particular resonance for the electricity market and for the options for new power stations. Gas-fired power stations have the peculiar economic merit of being comparatively quick to build, and have lower capital costs relative to coal, nuclear, and wind. Opponents of shale gas developments have a good case to make about specific locations, and about the general quality of the regulatory framework. Because none of the existing technologies can achieve decarbonization, new technologies are required, and the R&D will therefore have to be financed.
Michael J. Trebilcock
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- April 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199370658
- eISBN:
- 9780199370672
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199370658.003.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
This chapter introduces the concept of transition costs through selective examples and synopses of the case studies developed in more detail in the book. These examples range from changes in zoning ...
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This chapter introduces the concept of transition costs through selective examples and synopses of the case studies developed in more detail in the book. These examples range from changes in zoning or building code laws, changes in environmental regulations, changes in gun control laws, changes in professional regulations, changes in conditions governing eligibility for public pensions, reform of mortgage interest tax deductibility provisions in the US, international trade liberalization, agricultural protectionism, immigration policy liberalization, climate change policy, and institutional reform in developing countries.Less
This chapter introduces the concept of transition costs through selective examples and synopses of the case studies developed in more detail in the book. These examples range from changes in zoning or building code laws, changes in environmental regulations, changes in gun control laws, changes in professional regulations, changes in conditions governing eligibility for public pensions, reform of mortgage interest tax deductibility provisions in the US, international trade liberalization, agricultural protectionism, immigration policy liberalization, climate change policy, and institutional reform in developing countries.
Howard M. Blonsky
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- December 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190090845
- eISBN:
- 9780190090876
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190090845.003.0008
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families, Communities and Organizations
The ninth grade is the grade when the greatest majority of students start to fall behind and eventually drop out of school. This chapter looks at some of the reasons for this crisis in education and ...
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The ninth grade is the grade when the greatest majority of students start to fall behind and eventually drop out of school. This chapter looks at some of the reasons for this crisis in education and provides suggestions and best practices to address this issue and help more students successfully transition out of the 9th grade.Less
The ninth grade is the grade when the greatest majority of students start to fall behind and eventually drop out of school. This chapter looks at some of the reasons for this crisis in education and provides suggestions and best practices to address this issue and help more students successfully transition out of the 9th grade.
