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The Hispanization of Filipino Music

D. R. M. Irving

in Colonial Counterpoint: Music in Early Modern Manila

This chapter examines how “hispanization” or transculturation transformed Filipino music in the early modern period, through the absorption and adaptation of certain elements of Hispanic musical ... More

This chapter examines how “hispanization” or transculturation transformed Filipino music in the early modern period, through the absorption and adaptation of certain elements of Hispanic musical practice. It treats linguistic aspects of transcultural musical pedagogy, and demonstrates the usefulness of vocabularios of Filipino languages in tracing the historical trajectory of musical change. Hispanization in the metropolis is contrasted with its equivalent in the provinces, and the vital role of indigenous teachers as disseminators of hispanized musical practices is discussed. The chapter critiques early modern ideas about the utilitarian role of music as a colonial weapon, in terms of the intended “pacification” and urbanization of indigenous populations, and their conversion to Christianity. It considers the contribution of Jesuit “cultural accommodation” to the hispanization of Filipino music, and also explains the principal reasons for the decline and eventual disuse of many prehispanic musical practices.Less

Meaning-making through musical play: cultural psychology of the playground

Kathryn Marsh

in A Cultural Psychology of Music Education

This chapter examines the ways in which school-aged children construct meaning through the generation and performance of musical play forms, both drawing on and transforming cultural influences. It ... More

This chapter examines the ways in which school-aged children construct meaning through the generation and performance of musical play forms, both drawing on and transforming cultural influences. It addresses issues of appropriation, transculturation, and identity as manifested in musical play. The interactive pedagogy of the playground, through which children's agency is fully realized in processes of mutual learning and teaching, is also demonstrated.Less

China Abroad: Between Transnation and Translation

Julia Kuehn

in China Abroad: Travels, Subjects, Spaces

Transnation and translation refer to the “transnation zone” and the “translation zone.” These terms are loosely based on Mary Louise Pratt's “contact zone.” A term like “transculturation zone,” if in ... More

Transnation and translation refer to the “transnation zone” and the “translation zone.” These terms are loosely based on Mary Louise Pratt's “contact zone.” A term like “transculturation zone,” if in existence, would be preferable, as “transculturation” has been put to more convincing critical usage in debates outside colonial discourse analysis and postcolonial theory. In the area of translation, Emily Apter coined the term “translation zone.” This chapter can be understood as both a supplement to and translation of the introduction, providing through the methodology of the transnation and translation the “excess seeing” that the complex China Abroad thematic requires, and that can only be achieved by providing a multiplicity of approaches which include diaspora, cosmopolitanism, and transnationalism.Less

Sides and Paths: Spirits and Transculturation in the Southern Caribbean

Keith E. McNeal

in Trance and Modernity in the Southern Caribbean: African and Hindu Popular Religions in Trinidad and Tobago

This chapter pursues comparative investigation of the ways the study's two focal traditions have undergone processes of evolution specific to the southern Caribbean, such as the parallel convergence ... More

This chapter pursues comparative investigation of the ways the study's two focal traditions have undergone processes of evolution specific to the southern Caribbean, such as the parallel convergence of structural form, especially with the subaltern privatization of trance performance and related devotional practice; comparable dynamics of pantheonization and syncretic amalgamation; resonant heterodox marginalization and sociocultural stratification; congruent patterns of transracial recruitment; and progressively therapeutic reorientation. It develops the concepts of “structural convergence” and “subaltern liberalization” in order to account for the complex sociocultural processes undergone by Shango and Shakti Puja in their histories of colonial and postcolonial transculturation.Less

Epilogue: Ecstasy in Exile

Keith E. McNeal

in Trance and Modernity in the Southern Caribbean: African and Hindu Popular Religions in Trinidad and Tobago

Despite the contrasting political fates of the study's focal traditions examined above, social class and bourgeois sentiment nonetheless influence the politics of Indocentrists and Afrocentrists ... More

Despite the contrasting political fates of the study's focal traditions examined above, social class and bourgeois sentiment nonetheless influence the politics of Indocentrists and Afrocentrists across the ethnoracial spectrum. Indocentrists have generally embraced a gentrified form of “mainstream” Hinduism that looks down upon ecstatic religious practices such as spirit mediumship, firewalking, or animal sacrifice as “backward” or “premodern.” Afrocentrists, by contrast, and despite their political embrace of a subaltern tradition centered on trance ceremonialism, nonetheless tend to be less involved in the everyday activities of grassroots shrines and shy away from the theatrical dramaturgy of trance performance toward more middle-class-inflected forms of devotion, including their politics itself. An Epilogue considers the ways these materials substantiate the theory that religious charisma in the context of modernity may be understood as a dialectical counterpoint to the liberal bourgeois ethic of possessive individualism. The fate of trance in modernity is re-examined in contradistinction to conventional assumptions regarding secularization; the idea of spirits as sites of transculturation is elaborated; the politics of liberalism and religion clarified in relation to structural marginalization of trance and popular ecstasy; and the ludic themes in these materials understood as forms of “deep play.”Less

The Material and Visual Culture of British India

Christopher Pinney

in India and the British Empire

Proposing a sideways move from approaches to the ‘cultural technologies’ of colonialism, which continue to relegate representation to a secondary ‘super-structural’ status, the essay explores a ... More

Proposing a sideways move from approaches to the ‘cultural technologies’ of colonialism, which continue to relegate representation to a secondary ‘super-structural’ status, the essay explores a number of case studies that might affirm William Blake's provocation that ‘Empire follows Art’. Investigations of eighteenth-century image flows, debates over the most appropriate imperial architectural styles, photographic controversies around indigo production, and the ‘aesthetic’ nature of Gandhi's political project permit the testing of the trichotomy of ‘transculturation’, ‘purification’, and ‘autonomy’ which, it is suggested, may offer a nuanced alternative to the dichotomies established by the debates around Edward Said's Orientalism. Three final examples are intended to illustrate the proposal that the study of visual and material modalities points towards what might most productively be considered to be an alternative mode of historiography.Less

Epilogue

Njeri Githire

in Cannibal Writes: Eating Others in Caribbean and Indian Ocean Women's Writing

This chapter summarizes key themes and presents some final thoughts. This book has attempted to show the return of the cannibal in contemporary Caribbean and Indian Ocean writing, a return that is as ... More

This chapter summarizes key themes and presents some final thoughts. This book has attempted to show the return of the cannibal in contemporary Caribbean and Indian Ocean writing, a return that is as much thematic as it is historical, economic, and political. As an archetypal othering trope, cannibalism is considered the antithesis of cosmopolitan ideals, ideals that persistently appeal to the elite for whom international mobility is synonymous with modernity, style, and indulgence. These elitist models of global interactions marginalize the knowledge and wisdom from which Caribbean and Indian Ocean societies draw. Yet through the cannibalistic incorporation of Caribbean and Indian Ocean societies within networks that mark the global world, these societies continue to play a crucial role in processes of transculturation and in the broader processes of cosmopolitan exchanges. It is hoped is that this book has brought together select texts in ways that open up new research directions.Less

Overlapping Spaces: Transregional and Transcultural

Dirk Hoerder

in Workers Across the Americas: The Transnational Turn in Labor History

“Transnational” has become a catchword. Political categories, like bordered nation-states and empires, fail to capture the experiences of labor migrants, who, like nonmigrants, were socialized in ... More

“Transnational” has become a catchword. Political categories, like bordered nation-states and empires, fail to capture the experiences of labor migrants, who, like nonmigrants, were socialized in localities and regions, which did not always begin or end at imposed borderlines. Thus, it is necessary to superimpose on political-legal frameworks worldwide economic spaces, including sectoral linkages across borders—specific forms of work and specific economic sectors rather than states and national economies attract working men and women to move to new locales. To capture the meaning of such processes requires attention to the agency of migrants and the spaces they create (macro)regionally through migration systems and acculturation into communities. Transcultural spaces need to be determined empirically from labor market options and cultural insertion or exclusion.Less

Learning to Smoke Chinese-Style, 1644–1750

Carol Benedict

in Golden-Silk Smoke: A History of Tobacco in China, 1550-2010

From its earliest introduction in the late Ming period to its wide dispersal in the Qing period, New World tobacco traveled in multiple directions and along myriad paths to become “Chinese.” This ... More

From its earliest introduction in the late Ming period to its wide dispersal in the Qing period, New World tobacco traveled in multiple directions and along myriad paths to become “Chinese.” This process of transculturation was not unique to China, but occurred at roughly the same pace in other parts of Eurasia where other people were first learning to use Amerindian tobacco. As in other contexts, tobacco became indigenized in China in culturally specific ways even as it became a globalized phenomenon. Moreover, in China as elsewhere, a critical number of reasonably well-off smoking aficionados had to emerge before an integrated market for premium tobacco products could exist. This was achieved only after the practice of smoking was appropriated from below by the Han Chinese elite in the mid- to late seventeenth century. This chapter examines pipe smoking among commoners, tobacco smoking among Qing women (courtesans, prostitutes, and female entertainers), and Confucian anti-smoking moralism directed at women.Less

Korean Popular Culture and Transcultural Consumption: Globalized Desires between “Ours and Others”1

Sun Jung

in Korean Masculinities and Transcultural Consumption

This chapter contextualizes the trajectories of studies on South Korean popular culture and the hybridization dynamics of transculturation on the one hand, and the conceptual background of the ... More

This chapter contextualizes the trajectories of studies on South Korean popular culture and the hybridization dynamics of transculturation on the one hand, and the conceptual background of the reconstruction of South Korean masculinity on the other. There are many examples that can demonstrate transculturation and hybridization in the realm of contemporary South Korean popular culture. Due to the limited scope of the chapter, it only describes the most significant example: the Korean blockbuster. It specifically discusses Hangukhyeong Beulleokbeoseuteo and Shiri. In addition, the hybridity of Korean masculinity and the soft masculinity of Bae Yong-Joon are reported. The global masculinity of Rain and the postmodern masculinity in Oldboy are covered. An overview of the chapters included in the book is provided as well.Less

Rain, Global Masculinity, and Singaporean Fans: Fly Anywhere, Click Anytime

Sun Jung

in Korean Masculinities and Transcultural Consumption

This chapter looks at the ways in which South Korean masculinity is reconstructed through the global desires of Rain's Singaporean female fans. This reconstruction is evident in the mixed cultural ... More

This chapter looks at the ways in which South Korean masculinity is reconstructed through the global desires of Rain's Singaporean female fans. This reconstruction is evident in the mixed cultural practices between mugukjeok and pop-consumerism in Asia, during which new South Korean global masculinity is created and transculturally consumed. The chapter concentrates on how the driving force behind Rain's regional popularity is the newly constructed South Korean masculinity that he embodies, which is referred to here as global masculinity. It then describes how Rain has become globalized through examining the transculturation processes of Rain-making that are driven by turbo-capitalism and ssolim: glocalization, regionalization, and globalization. It is concluded that South Korean global masculinity, as represented by Rain, is reconstructed by Singaporean fandom, which is enabled by the transcultural flows that create mugukjeok global aspects, and by the trans-pop-consumerist desire of the fans that is derived from the newly emerging lifestyle of the new rich in Asia.Less

Southward Migration: Empire Building and Transculturation in Brazil-Maru

in Across Meridians: History and Figuration in Karen Tei Yamashita's Transnational Novels

This chapter examines the issues of empire building and transculturation in Karen Tei Yamashita's novel Brazil-Maru, describing her research for this novel about government-sponsored Japanese ... More

This chapter examines the issues of empire building and transculturation in Karen Tei Yamashita's novel Brazil-Maru, describing her research for this novel about government-sponsored Japanese emigration to Brazil during the interwar year. It analyzes how Yamashita's attempt to grapple with the contradictory dimensions of the Japanese emigration to Brazil was translated into rhetorical ambiguities, elliptical references, and esoteric visions in her literary portrayals. The chapter also considers several aspects of the novel as fraught with ideological tension, including utopia as an imperial imaginary ideal and the primitive as a racially inflected signifier.Less

Rethinking Honor in Regard to Human RightsAn Educational Imperative in Troubled Times

Unni Wikan

in Learning in the Global Era: International Perspectives on Globalization and Education

This chapter discusses the deadly results of the failure to seriously engage, critique, and outlaw cultural practices that violate an individual's human rights. It examines the ‘honour killing’ of ... More

This chapter discusses the deadly results of the failure to seriously engage, critique, and outlaw cultural practices that violate an individual's human rights. It examines the ‘honour killing’ of Fadime Sahindal as a cultural paradigm of a death foretold to illustrate the complexities of current European struggles with cultural contact and transculturation; and lack thereof. Fadime's case demonstrates that socioeconomic integration does not automatically translate into cultural integration. The chapter decries Scandinavia's prolonged passivity and lack of response to repeated violations of individual rights in the form of forced arranged marriages and even honour killings, and uses Fadime's own testimony prior to her death to highlight the enormous failure to integrate immigrants into European society. It comments on the ‘honour code’ as the basis of collective rights over individual rights in many societies in Eastern Europe, the Middle East, North Africa, and South Asia, and contends that globalization has contributed to the perpetuation of clan hierarchies, transnational decision making, and enforcement of certain traditions, including honour killings and forced marriages.Less

Painful Transculturations

Ignacio López-Calvo

in Imaging the Chinese in Cuban Literature and Culture

This chapter discusses issues that deal with transculturation and assimilation in the study La colonia china de Cuba 1930–1960. The discussion also examines how the processes of transculturation, ... More

This chapter discusses issues that deal with transculturation and assimilation in the study La colonia china de Cuba 1930–1960. The discussion also examines how the processes of transculturation, hybridization, and assimilation influence the literary and cultural re-creation of the Sino-Cuban world.Less

The Taste of ¡Azúcar!

Raul A. Fernandez

in From Afro-Cuban Rhythms to Latin Jazz

This chapter looks at the career of a female vocalist who, in an artistic world dominated by men, led the way in the internationalization of Cuban dance music—the late Celia Cruz—a central figure for ... More

This chapter looks at the career of a female vocalist who, in an artistic world dominated by men, led the way in the internationalization of Cuban dance music—the late Celia Cruz—a central figure for understanding the popularity of Cuban music, the growth of salsa, and, indirectly, the development of Latin jazz. Her involvement in artistic decisions, selection of tunes for performance and recording, direct intervention in every detail of her recordings, and choice of musicians made her one of the founders of a music with worldwide impact. Cruz's musical labors directly contributed to the gradual spread and transformation of what has become a hybridized Cuban music. She laid the foundation that allowed generations of younger musicians to experiment and develop new avenues for this music of the Americas. This transculturation has given Latin Americans from a host of countries a sense of pride, solidarity, and collective pleasure, who recognize in the music of Cruz an aspect of their inheritance that is genuine, modern, and without match.Less

Bodies in Motion: An Introduction

Ann M. Axtmann

in Indians and Wannabes: Native American Powwow Dancing in the Northeast and Beyond

This chapter introduces the Native American intertribal powwow as a popular and prolific performance genre. Powwows are spiritual, social, and communal events that occur annually throughout North ... More

This chapter introduces the Native American intertribal powwow as a popular and prolific performance genre. Powwows are spiritual, social, and communal events that occur annually throughout North America and vary significantly by geographical region, tribal and community organizers, and participants. Powwows are also present in our daily lives through music, television, and film; photojournalism; and academic studies. After examining some of these sources, Axtmann discusses the importance of studying powwow through its everyday movement and dance––and, more specifically, proposes bringing choreographic tools, Laban Movement Analysis, and notions of “performance” and “performativity” to this project. In particular, she considers the genocides historically suffered by Native peoples in relation to how the body expresses itself through dance. Finally, Axtmann announces the central topics of her book by chapter, introduces key terms that will be used throughout, and explains how her own identity as a non-Indian dancer, choreographer, and performance scholar is located within the project.Less

Transcultural Beginnings

Ann M. Axtmann

in Indians and Wannabes: Native American Powwow Dancing in the Northeast and Beyond

The notion of transculturation is key to understanding the many intertribal, interracial, and intergenerational exchanges-- including the attendance of indigenous peoples from across the ... More

The notion of transculturation is key to understanding the many intertribal, interracial, and intergenerational exchanges-- including the attendance of indigenous peoples from across the Americas--that take place at powwow in the United States and Canada. Chapter 5 explores this concept by examining the sites at which transcultural exchanges are most prevalent: the Grand Entry, the “intertribal,” and the Tiny Tots dance category. The body actions and regalia involved in traditional men’s and women’s dance styles and substyles are analyzed, and gender issues are also considered.Less