Kathleen Wells
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195385793
- eISBN:
- 9780199827237
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195385793.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation
Drawing on theoretical and methodological papers written over the past thirty years, this volume provides an introduction to narrative inquiry. It provides an overview of the development of narrative ...
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Drawing on theoretical and methodological papers written over the past thirty years, this volume provides an introduction to narrative inquiry. It provides an overview of the development of narrative inquiry within the social sciences and the humanities, and establishes its relevance for social work and related professions. It presents one research design, the case study design, in which narrative inquiry may be placed. It provides a broad framework in which narrative and other relevant data may be collected and specifies ways in which audio-recordings of interviews may be transcribed. It presents major approaches to the analysis of transcribed interviews. These approaches include ones that focus on the analysis of narrative content, narrative structure, and narrative in context. The volume also examines two emerging approaches to narrative analysis, critical narrative analysis and contextual discursive analysis. Each narrative analytic approach covered is considered in relation to the same set of dimensions including definition of narrative, theoretical orientation, central question, and method. Exemplary investigations that rely on each approach are included. Issues pertaining to reflexivity, ethics, and validity of narrative inquiry are explored. The appendices contain an outline for a narrative research proposal.Less
Drawing on theoretical and methodological papers written over the past thirty years, this volume provides an introduction to narrative inquiry. It provides an overview of the development of narrative inquiry within the social sciences and the humanities, and establishes its relevance for social work and related professions. It presents one research design, the case study design, in which narrative inquiry may be placed. It provides a broad framework in which narrative and other relevant data may be collected and specifies ways in which audio-recordings of interviews may be transcribed. It presents major approaches to the analysis of transcribed interviews. These approaches include ones that focus on the analysis of narrative content, narrative structure, and narrative in context. The volume also examines two emerging approaches to narrative analysis, critical narrative analysis and contextual discursive analysis. Each narrative analytic approach covered is considered in relation to the same set of dimensions including definition of narrative, theoretical orientation, central question, and method. Exemplary investigations that rely on each approach are included. Issues pertaining to reflexivity, ethics, and validity of narrative inquiry are explored. The appendices contain an outline for a narrative research proposal.
Sun-Ah Jun (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199249633
- eISBN:
- 9780191719349
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199249633.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Phonetics / Phonology
This book illustrates an approach to prosodic typology through descriptions of the intonation and the prosodic structure of thirteen typologically different languages based on the same theoretical ...
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This book illustrates an approach to prosodic typology through descriptions of the intonation and the prosodic structure of thirteen typologically different languages based on the same theoretical framework, the ‘autosegmental-metrical’ model of intonational phonology, and the transcription system of prosody known as ToBI (Tones and Break Indices). It is the first book introducing the history and principles of ToBI. It presents eleven ToBI systems ranging from European languages, Asian languages, an Australian aboriginal language, and an American Indian language, illustrating the flexibility and integrity of the ToBI system. The last chapter of the book proposes a model of prosodic typology based on two prosodic categories, prominence and rhythmic/prosodic unit.Less
This book illustrates an approach to prosodic typology through descriptions of the intonation and the prosodic structure of thirteen typologically different languages based on the same theoretical framework, the ‘autosegmental-metrical’ model of intonational phonology, and the transcription system of prosody known as ToBI (Tones and Break Indices). It is the first book introducing the history and principles of ToBI. It presents eleven ToBI systems ranging from European languages, Asian languages, an Australian aboriginal language, and an American Indian language, illustrating the flexibility and integrity of the ToBI system. The last chapter of the book proposes a model of prosodic typology based on two prosodic categories, prominence and rhythmic/prosodic unit.
Kathleen Wells
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195385793
- eISBN:
- 9780199827237
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195385793.003.0003
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation
This chapter provides a framework in which to consider the collection and transcription of narratives. It frames the collection of narratives in relation to interviewing strategies employed in ...
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This chapter provides a framework in which to consider the collection and transcription of narratives. It frames the collection of narratives in relation to interviewing strategies employed in qualitative research. It examines how narratives are co-constructed by interviewers and interviewees in the interview process. It considers the conditions under which narratives are suppressed or performed, and discusses the professions as specific environments for narrative production. In addition, strategies to make audio recordings of narrative interviews are reviewed. Transcription of audio recordings is discussed as an interpretive practice, and specific challenges to high-quality transcription are delineated. Strategies to enhance transcription quality are identified.Less
This chapter provides a framework in which to consider the collection and transcription of narratives. It frames the collection of narratives in relation to interviewing strategies employed in qualitative research. It examines how narratives are co-constructed by interviewers and interviewees in the interview process. It considers the conditions under which narratives are suppressed or performed, and discusses the professions as specific environments for narrative production. In addition, strategies to make audio recordings of narrative interviews are reviewed. Transcription of audio recordings is discussed as an interpretive practice, and specific challenges to high-quality transcription are delineated. Strategies to enhance transcription quality are identified.
Beverley J. Glover
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198565970
- eISBN:
- 9780191714009
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198565970.003.0010
- Subject:
- Biology, Plant Sciences and Forestry
Flower development operates through the activities of a set of transcription factors regulating the structural genes necessary for correct organ development in the correct position. The majority of ...
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Flower development operates through the activities of a set of transcription factors regulating the structural genes necessary for correct organ development in the correct position. The majority of these ABC genes encode MADS box transcription factors, a very ancient family of DNA binding proteins. By tracing the evolutionary history of this gene family, the molecular processes which lie behind the evolution of flowers can be investigated. Since flowers are one of the key distinguishing features of the angiosperms, and have been argued to be responsible for their astonishing radiation into the most species rich plant division by far, the evolution of the MADS box family is of particular interest in reconstructing plant evolutionary history.Less
Flower development operates through the activities of a set of transcription factors regulating the structural genes necessary for correct organ development in the correct position. The majority of these ABC genes encode MADS box transcription factors, a very ancient family of DNA binding proteins. By tracing the evolutionary history of this gene family, the molecular processes which lie behind the evolution of flowers can be investigated. Since flowers are one of the key distinguishing features of the angiosperms, and have been argued to be responsible for their astonishing radiation into the most species rich plant division by far, the evolution of the MADS box family is of particular interest in reconstructing plant evolutionary history.
Beverley J. Glover
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198565970
- eISBN:
- 9780191714009
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198565970.003.0004
- Subject:
- Biology, Plant Sciences and Forestry
The autonomous pathways for floral inhibition and induction are central to the entire process of floral transition in Arabidopsis. The floral inhibition pathway acts throughout the plant's life to ...
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The autonomous pathways for floral inhibition and induction are central to the entire process of floral transition in Arabidopsis. The floral inhibition pathway acts throughout the plant's life to ensure flowering does not occur until the appropriate environmental, developmental, and physiological cues have been received. The inhibition pathway operates through a single protein repressing the transcription of genes necessary for the floral transition to occur at the shoot apical meristem. The autonomous induction pathway is equally essential to the life history of a weedy annual. Unlike long-lived perennial plants, Arabidopsis does not have the option to delay flowering indefinitely until perfect environmental conditions are perceived. Instead, the autonomous induction pathway acts antagonistically to the inhibition pathway to ensure that the plant flowers eventually, irrespective of a lack of inductive environmental signals.Less
The autonomous pathways for floral inhibition and induction are central to the entire process of floral transition in Arabidopsis. The floral inhibition pathway acts throughout the plant's life to ensure flowering does not occur until the appropriate environmental, developmental, and physiological cues have been received. The inhibition pathway operates through a single protein repressing the transcription of genes necessary for the floral transition to occur at the shoot apical meristem. The autonomous induction pathway is equally essential to the life history of a weedy annual. Unlike long-lived perennial plants, Arabidopsis does not have the option to delay flowering indefinitely until perfect environmental conditions are perceived. Instead, the autonomous induction pathway acts antagonistically to the inhibition pathway to ensure that the plant flowers eventually, irrespective of a lack of inductive environmental signals.
Beverley J. Glover
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198565970
- eISBN:
- 9780191714009
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198565970.003.0009
- Subject:
- Biology, Plant Sciences and Forestry
It is becoming clear that flower development is a cascade, with flowering time integrators activating floral meristem identity genes which activate floral organ identity genes. The floral organ ...
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It is becoming clear that flower development is a cascade, with flowering time integrators activating floral meristem identity genes which activate floral organ identity genes. The floral organ identity genes themselves encode transcription factors, and are predicted to activate the many structural genes required to form the new organs, as well as further regulatory genes controlling processes such as pigment synthesis. The expression patterns of the floral organ identity genes determine the positions of developing organs (in the ABC model of flower development), and those expression patterns are themselves determined in part by cadastral genes (genes whose function is to specify the domain of expression of other genes). Floral organ identity genes act together as transcriptional complexes to ensure expression of the correct structural genes in each whorl of the developing flower.Less
It is becoming clear that flower development is a cascade, with flowering time integrators activating floral meristem identity genes which activate floral organ identity genes. The floral organ identity genes themselves encode transcription factors, and are predicted to activate the many structural genes required to form the new organs, as well as further regulatory genes controlling processes such as pigment synthesis. The expression patterns of the floral organ identity genes determine the positions of developing organs (in the ABC model of flower development), and those expression patterns are themselves determined in part by cadastral genes (genes whose function is to specify the domain of expression of other genes). Floral organ identity genes act together as transcriptional complexes to ensure expression of the correct structural genes in each whorl of the developing flower.
Richard R. Copley
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199549429
- eISBN:
- 9780191721601
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199549429.003.0014
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics, Developmental Biology
Comparisons between completely sequenced metazoan genomes have generally emphasized how similar their encoded protein content is, even when the comparison is between phyla. Given the manifest ...
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Comparisons between completely sequenced metazoan genomes have generally emphasized how similar their encoded protein content is, even when the comparison is between phyla. Given the manifest differences between phyla and, in particular, intuitive notions that some animals are more complex than others, this creates something of a paradox. Simplistic explanations have included arguments such as increased numbers of genes; greater numbers of protein products produced through alternative splicing; increased numbers of regulatory non-coding RNAs and increased complexity of the cis-regulatory code. An obvious value of complete genome sequences lies in their ability to provide us with inventories of such components. This chapter examines progress being made in linking genome content to the pattern of animal evolution, and argues that the gap between genome and phenotypic complexity can only be understood through the totality of interacting components.Less
Comparisons between completely sequenced metazoan genomes have generally emphasized how similar their encoded protein content is, even when the comparison is between phyla. Given the manifest differences between phyla and, in particular, intuitive notions that some animals are more complex than others, this creates something of a paradox. Simplistic explanations have included arguments such as increased numbers of genes; greater numbers of protein products produced through alternative splicing; increased numbers of regulatory non-coding RNAs and increased complexity of the cis-regulatory code. An obvious value of complete genome sequences lies in their ability to provide us with inventories of such components. This chapter examines progress being made in linking genome content to the pattern of animal evolution, and argues that the gap between genome and phenotypic complexity can only be understood through the totality of interacting components.
Günter P. Wagner
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691156460
- eISBN:
- 9781400851461
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691156460.003.0007
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
This chapter examines the molecular genetics of evolutionary novelties. In particular, it investigates which molecular mechanisms might be involved in the origination of novel gene regulatory ...
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This chapter examines the molecular genetics of evolutionary novelties. In particular, it investigates which molecular mechanisms might be involved in the origination of novel gene regulatory networks (and, thus, character identity networks) and what these mechanisms imply for the origin of novel characters. The chapter begins with a discussion of the complex problem of the evolution of transcriptional regulation by focusing on the evolution of cis-regulatory elements (CREs) and the evolution of transcription factor proteins. It then asks whether novel pigment spots, such as the Drosophila wing spots, are novelties. It also explores an evolutionary novelty known as sex comb and the role of transposable elements in the origin of novel CREs. Finally, it considers the role of gene duplications, the evolution of micro-RNAs (miRNAs), and the possibility of a mechanistic difference between adaptation and innovation.Less
This chapter examines the molecular genetics of evolutionary novelties. In particular, it investigates which molecular mechanisms might be involved in the origination of novel gene regulatory networks (and, thus, character identity networks) and what these mechanisms imply for the origin of novel characters. The chapter begins with a discussion of the complex problem of the evolution of transcriptional regulation by focusing on the evolution of cis-regulatory elements (CREs) and the evolution of transcription factor proteins. It then asks whether novel pigment spots, such as the Drosophila wing spots, are novelties. It also explores an evolutionary novelty known as sex comb and the role of transposable elements in the origin of novel CREs. Finally, it considers the role of gene duplications, the evolution of micro-RNAs (miRNAs), and the possibility of a mechanistic difference between adaptation and innovation.
Günter P. Wagner
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691156460
- eISBN:
- 9781400851461
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691156460.003.0009
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
This chapter examines the developmental evolution of cell types, the lowest level of biological organization for which questions of identity (that is, cell identity) play a major role. Higher ...
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This chapter examines the developmental evolution of cell types, the lowest level of biological organization for which questions of identity (that is, cell identity) play a major role. Higher organisms consist of functionally specialized cells ranging from muscle cells to liver cells. These cells have been classified according to their function and their phenotype into cell types, such as striped and smooth muscle cells, neurons and glial cells. The chapter discusses the developmental genetics of cell types and reviews examples showing that cell type identity is subscribed by gene regulatory networks, focusing on the role of transcription factors, embryonic stem cells, and mammalian motor neurons in cell fate determination. It also considers the evolutionary origin of cell types and presents case studies of cell typogenesis. It suggests that the evolution of cell types is a critical proving ground for any theory of character identity and homology.Less
This chapter examines the developmental evolution of cell types, the lowest level of biological organization for which questions of identity (that is, cell identity) play a major role. Higher organisms consist of functionally specialized cells ranging from muscle cells to liver cells. These cells have been classified according to their function and their phenotype into cell types, such as striped and smooth muscle cells, neurons and glial cells. The chapter discusses the developmental genetics of cell types and reviews examples showing that cell type identity is subscribed by gene regulatory networks, focusing on the role of transcription factors, embryonic stem cells, and mammalian motor neurons in cell fate determination. It also considers the evolutionary origin of cell types and presents case studies of cell typogenesis. It suggests that the evolution of cell types is a critical proving ground for any theory of character identity and homology.
Richard D. P. Jones
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780198164401
- eISBN:
- 9780191713781
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198164401.003.0008
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western
This chapter argues that the various stylistic and formal elements that Bach assimilated from the Italian concerto were to become key factors in the development of his mature style, distinguishing it ...
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This chapter argues that the various stylistic and formal elements that Bach assimilated from the Italian concerto were to become key factors in the development of his mature style, distinguishing it quite clearly from much of his earlier music. His various concerto transcriptions, toccatas, sonatas, and suites are discussed.Less
This chapter argues that the various stylistic and formal elements that Bach assimilated from the Italian concerto were to become key factors in the development of his mature style, distinguishing it quite clearly from much of his earlier music. His various concerto transcriptions, toccatas, sonatas, and suites are discussed.
Karen Corrigan
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748634286
- eISBN:
- 9780748671441
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748634286.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
This book focuses on the sociolinguistic consequences of historical contact between indigenous Irish peoples and newer English and Scottish settlers in what is now the territory of Northern Ireland ...
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This book focuses on the sociolinguistic consequences of historical contact between indigenous Irish peoples and newer English and Scottish settlers in what is now the territory of Northern Ireland (NI). The contact varieties that resulted represent the oldest L2 ‘Englishes’ globally. Moreover, the degree of admixture from English, Irish and Scots in the contemporary dialects of NI reflects various external forces. Naturally, these varieties share certain structural features with sister Celtic Englishes and indeed with other vernacular Englishes globally (partly because of extensive emigration from NI post-1700 and partly due to universal tendencies of various types). However, there are other linguistic traits that seem to be unique and therefore essentially local. Irish English, Volume 1: Northern Ireland aims to provide insights into the evolution of language in 21st century NI and to promote an understanding of linguistic diversity in this region in the context of World Englishes.Less
This book focuses on the sociolinguistic consequences of historical contact between indigenous Irish peoples and newer English and Scottish settlers in what is now the territory of Northern Ireland (NI). The contact varieties that resulted represent the oldest L2 ‘Englishes’ globally. Moreover, the degree of admixture from English, Irish and Scots in the contemporary dialects of NI reflects various external forces. Naturally, these varieties share certain structural features with sister Celtic Englishes and indeed with other vernacular Englishes globally (partly because of extensive emigration from NI post-1700 and partly due to universal tendencies of various types). However, there are other linguistic traits that seem to be unique and therefore essentially local. Irish English, Volume 1: Northern Ireland aims to provide insights into the evolution of language in 21st century NI and to promote an understanding of linguistic diversity in this region in the context of World Englishes.
Pierre Cachia
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748640867
- eISBN:
- 9780748653300
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748640867.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
The character and range of Arab folk literature are investigated in this collection. Arranged into three sections, the book looks first at historical developments in the relationship between Arab ...
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The character and range of Arab folk literature are investigated in this collection. Arranged into three sections, the book looks first at historical developments in the relationship between Arab folk literature and that of the elite, the gradual elaboration of certain genres, and the producers of folk literature. It then devotes a substantial section to the consideration of single or related texts. Finally, the book searches for evidence of social and cultural implications and for differences of attitudes of folk and elite towards sensitive issues. The book features a standardised transcription system based on pronunciation of the language — far more suited for oral forms of literature.Less
The character and range of Arab folk literature are investigated in this collection. Arranged into three sections, the book looks first at historical developments in the relationship between Arab folk literature and that of the elite, the gradual elaboration of certain genres, and the producers of folk literature. It then devotes a substantial section to the consideration of single or related texts. Finally, the book searches for evidence of social and cultural implications and for differences of attitudes of folk and elite towards sensitive issues. The book features a standardised transcription system based on pronunciation of the language — far more suited for oral forms of literature.
Kathleen Riley
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199534487
- eISBN:
- 9780191715945
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199534487.003.0007
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This chapter looks in detail at Robert Browning's poem Aristophanes' Apology (1875) and his transcription, within this, of Euripides' Herakles. Browning applies himself at length to the whole issue ...
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This chapter looks in detail at Robert Browning's poem Aristophanes' Apology (1875) and his transcription, within this, of Euripides' Herakles. Browning applies himself at length to the whole issue of Euripidean reception, both ancient and modern, and, as the coup de grâce in his defence of the playwright, he translates Herakles faithfully and in full. The play is deemed by Browning ‘the consummate Tragedy’ and ‘the perfect piece’ by which to ‘test true godship’. The chapter considers Browning's version of Herakles in relation to his very different translations of Alkestis and Agamemnon, and in terms of the Victorian translation debate.Less
This chapter looks in detail at Robert Browning's poem Aristophanes' Apology (1875) and his transcription, within this, of Euripides' Herakles. Browning applies himself at length to the whole issue of Euripidean reception, both ancient and modern, and, as the coup de grâce in his defence of the playwright, he translates Herakles faithfully and in full. The play is deemed by Browning ‘the consummate Tragedy’ and ‘the perfect piece’ by which to ‘test true godship’. The chapter considers Browning's version of Herakles in relation to his very different translations of Alkestis and Agamemnon, and in terms of the Victorian translation debate.
Ronald K. S. Macaulay
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195173819
- eISBN:
- 9780199788361
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195173819.003.0003
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
The speakers were recorded in Glasgow, Scotland in 1997, with a balanced sample of males and females, adolescents (13-14 years) and adults (40+ years), middle-class and working-class. The adults ...
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The speakers were recorded in Glasgow, Scotland in 1997, with a balanced sample of males and females, adolescents (13-14 years) and adults (40+ years), middle-class and working-class. The adults produce almost twice as much speech (as measured in total number of word forms) as do the adolescents, and the working-class adults are rather more talkative than their middle-class counterparts. The results from the Glasgow transcripts are compared with those from an earlier study carried out through interviews in Ayr. The two corpora contain similar amounts of narrative, though there are differences in the kinds of narrative told. The chapter includes a note on transcription and another on statistics.Less
The speakers were recorded in Glasgow, Scotland in 1997, with a balanced sample of males and females, adolescents (13-14 years) and adults (40+ years), middle-class and working-class. The adults produce almost twice as much speech (as measured in total number of word forms) as do the adolescents, and the working-class adults are rather more talkative than their middle-class counterparts. The results from the Glasgow transcripts are compared with those from an earlier study carried out through interviews in Ayr. The two corpora contain similar amounts of narrative, though there are differences in the kinds of narrative told. The chapter includes a note on transcription and another on statistics.
Solomon I. Sara
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748627950
- eISBN:
- 9780748653058
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748627950.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
This book on Ɂimālah (inclination) poses challenges to readers, both native and non-native speakers of Arabic. The challenge for the native, in part, is because this work was the first systematic ...
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This book on Ɂimālah (inclination) poses challenges to readers, both native and non-native speakers of Arabic. The challenge for the native, in part, is because this work was the first systematic formalization of the grammar of the language. In the process of creating it, a whole new set of terms and a new paradigm of Arabic linguistics was introduced that was different from the traditional method, and more authentically descriptive. The book poses an even greater challenge to non-native Arabic readers schooled in different traditions, who will encounter not only a new language but a new and different paradigm, with its attendant conceptual framework. It considers the Arabic paradigm of doing linguistics not as a replica of the Western or of any other paradigm, but as being with its own imagery and its own theoretical scaffolding. The book aims to overcome the obstacles and challenges posed by Sībawayh's treatise. Transcriptions of Arabic words included within the English translation are in italics, and their corresponding glosses are enclosed in single quotes.Less
This book on Ɂimālah (inclination) poses challenges to readers, both native and non-native speakers of Arabic. The challenge for the native, in part, is because this work was the first systematic formalization of the grammar of the language. In the process of creating it, a whole new set of terms and a new paradigm of Arabic linguistics was introduced that was different from the traditional method, and more authentically descriptive. The book poses an even greater challenge to non-native Arabic readers schooled in different traditions, who will encounter not only a new language but a new and different paradigm, with its attendant conceptual framework. It considers the Arabic paradigm of doing linguistics not as a replica of the Western or of any other paradigm, but as being with its own imagery and its own theoretical scaffolding. The book aims to overcome the obstacles and challenges posed by Sībawayh's treatise. Transcriptions of Arabic words included within the English translation are in italics, and their corresponding glosses are enclosed in single quotes.
Mary E. Beckman, Julia Hirschberg, and Stefanie Shattuck-Hufnagel
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199249633
- eISBN:
- 9780191719349
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199249633.003.0002
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Phonetics / Phonology
This chapter presents an overview of the original ToBI system. It reviews the design of the original ToBI system and its foundations in basic and applied research. It describes the inter-disciplinary ...
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This chapter presents an overview of the original ToBI system. It reviews the design of the original ToBI system and its foundations in basic and applied research. It describes the inter-disciplinary community of users and uses for which the system was intended, and it outlines how the consensus model of American English intonation and inter-word juncture was achieved by finding points of useful intersection among the research interests and knowledge embodied in this community. It thus identifies the practical principles for designing prosodic annotation conventions that emerged in the course of developing, testing, and using this particular system. The chapter also describes how the original ToBI conventions have been evolved to be the general annotation conventions for several other English varieties and for a number of other languages.Less
This chapter presents an overview of the original ToBI system. It reviews the design of the original ToBI system and its foundations in basic and applied research. It describes the inter-disciplinary community of users and uses for which the system was intended, and it outlines how the consensus model of American English intonation and inter-word juncture was achieved by finding points of useful intersection among the research interests and knowledge embodied in this community. It thus identifies the practical principles for designing prosodic annotation conventions that emerged in the course of developing, testing, and using this particular system. The chapter also describes how the original ToBI conventions have been evolved to be the general annotation conventions for several other English varieties and for a number of other languages.
Simon J. Potter
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199568963
- eISBN:
- 9780191741821
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199568963.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Cultural History
During the early 1930s, governments created more powerful public broadcasting authorities in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, including the Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission (CRBC), the ...
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During the early 1930s, governments created more powerful public broadcasting authorities in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, including the Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission (CRBC), the Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC), and the New Zealand Broadcasting Board (NZBB). In Canada, the Canadian Radio League (CRL) enlisted the help of the BBC to make the case for public broadcasting. However, the world economic depression hampered plans to develop broadcasting, both on a national basis in these countries, and on an imperial footing. The BBC's underfunded Empire Service did little to link up the British world, despite attempts to use sport and the monarchy to generate interest in its broadcasts. BBC recorded programmes or transcriptions similarly met with a mixed response, and the BBC for its part seemed unenthusiastic about taking reciprocal programmes from the dominions. BBC attempts to operate overseas on a rigorously public-service basis compounded its problemsLess
During the early 1930s, governments created more powerful public broadcasting authorities in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, including the Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission (CRBC), the Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC), and the New Zealand Broadcasting Board (NZBB). In Canada, the Canadian Radio League (CRL) enlisted the help of the BBC to make the case for public broadcasting. However, the world economic depression hampered plans to develop broadcasting, both on a national basis in these countries, and on an imperial footing. The BBC's underfunded Empire Service did little to link up the British world, despite attempts to use sport and the monarchy to generate interest in its broadcasts. BBC recorded programmes or transcriptions similarly met with a mixed response, and the BBC for its part seemed unenthusiastic about taking reciprocal programmes from the dominions. BBC attempts to operate overseas on a rigorously public-service basis compounded its problems
Simon J. Potter
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199568963
- eISBN:
- 9780191741821
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199568963.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Cultural History
After the war, senior BBC officers sought to use broadcasting to restore the status quo, returning to their domestic mission of cultural uplift, and their imperial mission of supporting British ...
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After the war, senior BBC officers sought to use broadcasting to restore the status quo, returning to their domestic mission of cultural uplift, and their imperial mission of supporting British influence overseas. The BBC remained a major presence on short wave and, although rebroadcasting by organisations like the New Zealand Broadcasting Service (NZBS) declined, use of government-subsidized BBC transcriptions increased substantially. Connections with the British world were cultivated, with improved coverage of rugby and cricket, flagship comedies such as the Goon Show, and the broadcasting of ‘media events’ including the Coronation of 1953 and the Royal Tour of 1953/4. Cooperation among public broadcasting authorities continued to be organised on a non-commercial, public-service basis. Contemporaries also assumed that radio would help encourage economic and social ‘development’ in the dependent colonies, and could be used as a tool of counterinsurgency, to suppress resistance to colonial rule.Less
After the war, senior BBC officers sought to use broadcasting to restore the status quo, returning to their domestic mission of cultural uplift, and their imperial mission of supporting British influence overseas. The BBC remained a major presence on short wave and, although rebroadcasting by organisations like the New Zealand Broadcasting Service (NZBS) declined, use of government-subsidized BBC transcriptions increased substantially. Connections with the British world were cultivated, with improved coverage of rugby and cricket, flagship comedies such as the Goon Show, and the broadcasting of ‘media events’ including the Coronation of 1953 and the Royal Tour of 1953/4. Cooperation among public broadcasting authorities continued to be organised on a non-commercial, public-service basis. Contemporaries also assumed that radio would help encourage economic and social ‘development’ in the dependent colonies, and could be used as a tool of counterinsurgency, to suppress resistance to colonial rule.
J. Will Langston, Magdalena L. Circu, and Tak Yee Aw
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195326697
- eISBN:
- 9780199864874
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195326697.003.0019
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Molecular and Cellular Systems
Over the last two decades, reduction-oxidation (redox) signaling has emerged as an important regulator of cell function. The growing interest in the link between redox signaling and vascular function ...
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Over the last two decades, reduction-oxidation (redox) signaling has emerged as an important regulator of cell function. The growing interest in the link between redox signaling and vascular function stems primarily from evidence that oxidative stress-induced endothelial dysfunction underlies a number of cardiovascular pathologies including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and diabetes, and that antioxidant intervention may be an important treatment modality in these vascular disorders. Of interest is the thiol antioxidant, reduced glutathione (GSH), a crucial regulator of cellular redox potential, and whose synthesis is transcriptionally upregulated under conditions of cellular oxidative stress. The transcriptional upregulation of the rate-limiting enzyme of GSH synthesis, glutamate cysteine ligase, under oxidative conditions by the transcription factor Nrf2 represents an important area of investigation in terms of its role in redox regulation of endothelial function, its role in vascular pathology, and its potential as a therapeutic target for treatment of cardiovascular disorders that involve vascular oxidative stress. This chapter discusses the roles of reactive oxygen species, redox regulation, and cell signaling in the vasculature. Redox activation of transcription factors in vascular disorders is also considered.Less
Over the last two decades, reduction-oxidation (redox) signaling has emerged as an important regulator of cell function. The growing interest in the link between redox signaling and vascular function stems primarily from evidence that oxidative stress-induced endothelial dysfunction underlies a number of cardiovascular pathologies including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and diabetes, and that antioxidant intervention may be an important treatment modality in these vascular disorders. Of interest is the thiol antioxidant, reduced glutathione (GSH), a crucial regulator of cellular redox potential, and whose synthesis is transcriptionally upregulated under conditions of cellular oxidative stress. The transcriptional upregulation of the rate-limiting enzyme of GSH synthesis, glutamate cysteine ligase, under oxidative conditions by the transcription factor Nrf2 represents an important area of investigation in terms of its role in redox regulation of endothelial function, its role in vascular pathology, and its potential as a therapeutic target for treatment of cardiovascular disorders that involve vascular oxidative stress. This chapter discusses the roles of reactive oxygen species, redox regulation, and cell signaling in the vasculature. Redox activation of transcription factors in vascular disorders is also considered.
Michael Tenzer and John Roeder (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195384581
- eISBN:
- 9780199918331
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195384581.001.0001
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
This collection of essays analyzes diverse musical creations with reference to the contexts in which the music is created and performed. The authors explain the music as sound in process, through ...
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This collection of essays analyzes diverse musical creations with reference to the contexts in which the music is created and performed. The authors explain the music as sound in process, through prose, diagrams, transcriptions, recordings, and (online) multimedia presentations, all intended to convey the richness, beauty, and ingenuity of their subjects. The music ranges across geography and cultures—court music of Japan and medieval Europe, pagode song from Brazil, solos by the jazz pianist Thelonius Monk and by the sitar master Budhaditya Mukherjee, form-and-timbre improvisations of a Boston sound collective, South Korean folk drumming, and the ceremonial music of indigenous cultures in North American and Australia. Thus the essays diversify and expand the scope of this book’s companion volume, Analytical Studies in World Music, to all inhabited continents and many of its greatest musical traditions. An introduction and an afterword point out common analytical approaches, and present a new way to classify music according to its temporal organization. Two special chapters consider the juxtaposition of music from different cultures: of world-music traditions and popular music genres, and of Balinese music and European Art music, raising questions about the musical encounters and fusions of today’s interconnected world.Less
This collection of essays analyzes diverse musical creations with reference to the contexts in which the music is created and performed. The authors explain the music as sound in process, through prose, diagrams, transcriptions, recordings, and (online) multimedia presentations, all intended to convey the richness, beauty, and ingenuity of their subjects. The music ranges across geography and cultures—court music of Japan and medieval Europe, pagode song from Brazil, solos by the jazz pianist Thelonius Monk and by the sitar master Budhaditya Mukherjee, form-and-timbre improvisations of a Boston sound collective, South Korean folk drumming, and the ceremonial music of indigenous cultures in North American and Australia. Thus the essays diversify and expand the scope of this book’s companion volume, Analytical Studies in World Music, to all inhabited continents and many of its greatest musical traditions. An introduction and an afterword point out common analytical approaches, and present a new way to classify music according to its temporal organization. Two special chapters consider the juxtaposition of music from different cultures: of world-music traditions and popular music genres, and of Balinese music and European Art music, raising questions about the musical encounters and fusions of today’s interconnected world.
