Robin R. Churchill and Daniel Owen
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199275847
- eISBN:
- 9780191706080
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199275847.003.0007
- Subject:
- Law, EU Law, Environmental and Energy Law
This chapter considers EC law relating to trade in fishery products between Member States, and the legal regime governing trade in fishery products between the EC and third States. The EC is a ...
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This chapter considers EC law relating to trade in fishery products between Member States, and the legal regime governing trade in fishery products between the EC and third States. The EC is a customs union. That means that not only are there in principle no barriers to trade between EC Member States but also that, as far as trade with Third States is concerned, the EC is to be considered as a single unit. It would seem to follow from the latter proposition that external trade relations, at least as far as trade in goods is concerned, ought to fall within the EC's exclusive competence (under the common commercial policy): that is implied in Article 133 EC, and has been confirmed to be so by the Court.Less
This chapter considers EC law relating to trade in fishery products between Member States, and the legal regime governing trade in fishery products between the EC and third States. The EC is a customs union. That means that not only are there in principle no barriers to trade between EC Member States but also that, as far as trade with Third States is concerned, the EC is to be considered as a single unit. It would seem to follow from the latter proposition that external trade relations, at least as far as trade in goods is concerned, ought to fall within the EC's exclusive competence (under the common commercial policy): that is implied in Article 133 EC, and has been confirmed to be so by the Court.
Tonia Novitz and David Mangan (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780197264911
- eISBN:
- 9780191754098
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264911.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This book examines the multi-faceted ways in which labour standards can play a role in the achievement of development. A variety of critical perspectives are presented here, with contributions from a ...
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This book examines the multi-faceted ways in which labour standards can play a role in the achievement of development. A variety of critical perspectives are presented here, with contributions from a number of different disciplines, including law, politics, and economics. The book begins by considering potential theoretical connections between work and development, acknowledging controversy over how the latter should be approached, interpreted, and rendered ‘sustainable’. The remainder of the collection is devoted to an analysis of the part that protection of labour standards can play in developmental terms, with reference to concrete issues: anti-discrimination, child labour, trade relations, and social dialogue. The book's final chapter reflects on how theory has been and could be put into practice. The theme that transcends all the contributions to this collection is that of human agency. The authors are not merely interested in the realisation of an individual person's ‘functioning’ in society (which development will assist), but also with the ways that people can be engaged in the very process of defining what development aims should and can be. They do not wish to see economic, social, and environmental development objectives as being determined by technical experts and implemented according to their prescriptions. Rather, they consider development in procedural as well as substantive terms, and in participatory as well as material terms.Less
This book examines the multi-faceted ways in which labour standards can play a role in the achievement of development. A variety of critical perspectives are presented here, with contributions from a number of different disciplines, including law, politics, and economics. The book begins by considering potential theoretical connections between work and development, acknowledging controversy over how the latter should be approached, interpreted, and rendered ‘sustainable’. The remainder of the collection is devoted to an analysis of the part that protection of labour standards can play in developmental terms, with reference to concrete issues: anti-discrimination, child labour, trade relations, and social dialogue. The book's final chapter reflects on how theory has been and could be put into practice. The theme that transcends all the contributions to this collection is that of human agency. The authors are not merely interested in the realisation of an individual person's ‘functioning’ in society (which development will assist), but also with the ways that people can be engaged in the very process of defining what development aims should and can be. They do not wish to see economic, social, and environmental development objectives as being determined by technical experts and implemented according to their prescriptions. Rather, they consider development in procedural as well as substantive terms, and in participatory as well as material terms.
Kent Jones
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195166163
- eISBN:
- 9780199849819
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195166163.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic Systems
Chapter 4 discusses the basic organization and operation of the WTO, emphasizing the consensual nature of the rules it enforces and the activities it undertakes as part of its mandate. Essentially, ...
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Chapter 4 discusses the basic organization and operation of the WTO, emphasizing the consensual nature of the rules it enforces and the activities it undertakes as part of its mandate. Essentially, the chapter highlights the way the WTO is structured and outlines its most important activities. It begins with some history and a summary of trade relations up to the founding of the WTO in 1995. The chapter also examines the important role of the WTO dispute settlement system and prospects for its reform. It also turns to the problem of extending WTO into nontrade areas, in light of the fundamental value proposition of the WTO to its members.Less
Chapter 4 discusses the basic organization and operation of the WTO, emphasizing the consensual nature of the rules it enforces and the activities it undertakes as part of its mandate. Essentially, the chapter highlights the way the WTO is structured and outlines its most important activities. It begins with some history and a summary of trade relations up to the founding of the WTO in 1995. The chapter also examines the important role of the WTO dispute settlement system and prospects for its reform. It also turns to the problem of extending WTO into nontrade areas, in light of the fundamental value proposition of the WTO to its members.
Douglas A. Irwin
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691150321
- eISBN:
- 9781400838394
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691150321.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
This chapter examines at the international reaction to the Smoot–Hawley tariff. The popular perception is that the tariff backfired by triggering retaliation against U.S. exports and the spread of ...
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This chapter examines at the international reaction to the Smoot–Hawley tariff. The popular perception is that the tariff backfired by triggering retaliation against U.S. exports and the spread of trade blocs that discriminated against the United States, inflicting long-term damage for U.S. commercial and foreign policy interests. This perception is largely accurate. While countries did not broadcast that they were retaliating against the United States for imposing the tariff, the nature and timing of the measures they took strongly suggest that was the primary motivation. A month after the Smoot–Hawley tariff was imposed, a pro-American Liberal government in Canada lost a general election to the pro-British Conservatives, who erected trade barriers designed to shift Canada's imports from the United States to Britain. Other countries discriminated against U.S. exports as well, and the nation's share of world trade fell sharply.Less
This chapter examines at the international reaction to the Smoot–Hawley tariff. The popular perception is that the tariff backfired by triggering retaliation against U.S. exports and the spread of trade blocs that discriminated against the United States, inflicting long-term damage for U.S. commercial and foreign policy interests. This perception is largely accurate. While countries did not broadcast that they were retaliating against the United States for imposing the tariff, the nature and timing of the measures they took strongly suggest that was the primary motivation. A month after the Smoot–Hawley tariff was imposed, a pro-American Liberal government in Canada lost a general election to the pro-British Conservatives, who erected trade barriers designed to shift Canada's imports from the United States to Britain. Other countries discriminated against U.S. exports as well, and the nation's share of world trade fell sharply.
LI XIAOPING
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197264089
- eISBN:
- 9780191734809
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264089.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter employs a quantitative and qualitative analysis of Chinese television coverage of China–Europe relations to examine many of the outstanding issues of the moment. It notes that reports ...
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This chapter employs a quantitative and qualitative analysis of Chinese television coverage of China–Europe relations to examine many of the outstanding issues of the moment. It notes that reports and comment on Europe and European relations occupy around 10 per cent of coverage on the main news programmes and that most views of Europe are positive, and this in turn may have some kind of impact on the policymaking process in China, though more research needs to be conducted. Overall, however, the chapter concludes that the Chinese understanding of Europe is quite limited, partial, and narrow. Their attention to Europe is confined to international affairs, economic achievements, and natural landscapes. They still consider Europe a remote landmass, with little relevance to their daily lives and personal interests apart from the impacts of Sino–European economic and trade relations.Less
This chapter employs a quantitative and qualitative analysis of Chinese television coverage of China–Europe relations to examine many of the outstanding issues of the moment. It notes that reports and comment on Europe and European relations occupy around 10 per cent of coverage on the main news programmes and that most views of Europe are positive, and this in turn may have some kind of impact on the policymaking process in China, though more research needs to be conducted. Overall, however, the chapter concludes that the Chinese understanding of Europe is quite limited, partial, and narrow. Their attention to Europe is confined to international affairs, economic achievements, and natural landscapes. They still consider Europe a remote landmass, with little relevance to their daily lives and personal interests apart from the impacts of Sino–European economic and trade relations.
Barry Eichengreen, Yung Chul Park, and Charles Wyplosz (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199235889
- eISBN:
- 9780191717109
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199235889.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
The rise of Asia, and China specifically, is the single most important force reshaping the world economy at the beginning of the 21st century. From a low of 20% in 1950, Asia's share of global GDP ...
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The rise of Asia, and China specifically, is the single most important force reshaping the world economy at the beginning of the 21st century. From a low of 20% in 1950, Asia's share of global GDP has now risen to 33% and will exceed 40% within a generation if current forecasts are realized. Asia's growing weight in the world economy is elevating it to a central position in global economic and financial affairs. The potential global impact of this astonishing growth is far reaching, from oil markets and the environment to a reshaping of trade relations in the current multilateral system dominated by the WTO. This collection of chapters written by leading economists explores the likely impact of the rapid growth in the East Asian economies, and in particular China, on the world economy in the coming decades and the consequent challenges for the development of trade, macroeconomic, and environmental policy.Less
The rise of Asia, and China specifically, is the single most important force reshaping the world economy at the beginning of the 21st century. From a low of 20% in 1950, Asia's share of global GDP has now risen to 33% and will exceed 40% within a generation if current forecasts are realized. Asia's growing weight in the world economy is elevating it to a central position in global economic and financial affairs. The potential global impact of this astonishing growth is far reaching, from oil markets and the environment to a reshaping of trade relations in the current multilateral system dominated by the WTO. This collection of chapters written by leading economists explores the likely impact of the rapid growth in the East Asian economies, and in particular China, on the world economy in the coming decades and the consequent challenges for the development of trade, macroeconomic, and environmental policy.
Edward D. Mansfield and Helen V. Milner
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691135298
- eISBN:
- 9781400842537
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691135298.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter tests the theoretical propositions about domestic politics developed in chapter 2. Using a new dataset, it aims to identify the domestic and international factors that affect a country's ...
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This chapter tests the theoretical propositions about domestic politics developed in chapter 2. Using a new dataset, it aims to identify the domestic and international factors that affect a country's decision to join and ratify a preferential trading arrangement (PTA). It reviews whys democratic regimes are especially likely to enter PTAs and why a large number of veto players reduce the odds that a country will join such arrangements. Then, it tests these arguments after accounting for the effects of various other economic and international variables, including those that were of greatest importance in the systemic analysis conducted in chapter 3. The results provide strong support for these claims. Both regime type and veto players significantly influence whether and when states conclude trade agreements.Less
This chapter tests the theoretical propositions about domestic politics developed in chapter 2. Using a new dataset, it aims to identify the domestic and international factors that affect a country's decision to join and ratify a preferential trading arrangement (PTA). It reviews whys democratic regimes are especially likely to enter PTAs and why a large number of veto players reduce the odds that a country will join such arrangements. Then, it tests these arguments after accounting for the effects of various other economic and international variables, including those that were of greatest importance in the systemic analysis conducted in chapter 3. The results provide strong support for these claims. Both regime type and veto players significantly influence whether and when states conclude trade agreements.
Cédric Dupont and David Huang
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199235889
- eISBN:
- 9780191717109
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199235889.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
The chapter begins with a brief description of the recent evolution of preferential trading arrangements. In contrast to previous chapters, which focus on Asia or East Asia alone, this chapter ...
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The chapter begins with a brief description of the recent evolution of preferential trading arrangements. In contrast to previous chapters, which focus on Asia or East Asia alone, this chapter considers trans-Pacific trade relations, not just those among countries on the Asian side of the Pacific but those on American shores as well. It also considers APEC, the only regional entity encompassing this entire region; its original aims; and its operation. It provides new evidence on its activities since 1993, drawing inferences from the content of leaders' declarations and project submissions. The chapter concludes with some general lessons and by suggesting some avenues for future research.Less
The chapter begins with a brief description of the recent evolution of preferential trading arrangements. In contrast to previous chapters, which focus on Asia or East Asia alone, this chapter considers trans-Pacific trade relations, not just those among countries on the Asian side of the Pacific but those on American shores as well. It also considers APEC, the only regional entity encompassing this entire region; its original aims; and its operation. It provides new evidence on its activities since 1993, drawing inferences from the content of leaders' declarations and project submissions. The chapter concludes with some general lessons and by suggesting some avenues for future research.
Joshua A. Fogel
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780520283305
- eISBN:
- 9780520959170
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520283305.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
After centuries of virtual isolation, during which time international sea travel was forbidden outside of Japan’s immediate fishing shores, Japanese shogunal authorities in 1862 made the ...
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After centuries of virtual isolation, during which time international sea travel was forbidden outside of Japan’s immediate fishing shores, Japanese shogunal authorities in 1862 made the unprecedented decision to launch an official delegation to China by sea. The Japanese dispatched the Senzaimaru to Shanghai with the purpose of investigating contemporary conditions of trade and diplomacy in the international city. Japanese from varied domains, as well as shogunal officials, Nagasaki merchants, and an assortment of deck hands, made the voyage along with a British crew, spending a total of ten weeks observing and interacting with the Chinese and a handful of Westerners. Roughly a dozen Japanese narratives of the voyage were produced at the time, recounting personal impressions and experiences in Shanghai. The Japanese emissaries had the distinct advantage of being able to communicate with their Chinese hosts by means of the “brush conversation” (written exchanges in literary Chinese). For their part, the Chinese authorities also created a paper trail of reports and memorials concerning the Japanese visitors, which worked its way up and down the bureaucratic chain of command. This was the first official meeting of Chinese and Japanese in several centuries. Although the Chinese authorities agreed to few of the Japanese requests for trade relations and a consulate, nine years later China and Japan would sign the first bilateral treaty of amity in their history, a completely equal treaty. East Asia—and the diplomatic and trade relations between the region's two major players in the modern era—would never be the same.Less
After centuries of virtual isolation, during which time international sea travel was forbidden outside of Japan’s immediate fishing shores, Japanese shogunal authorities in 1862 made the unprecedented decision to launch an official delegation to China by sea. The Japanese dispatched the Senzaimaru to Shanghai with the purpose of investigating contemporary conditions of trade and diplomacy in the international city. Japanese from varied domains, as well as shogunal officials, Nagasaki merchants, and an assortment of deck hands, made the voyage along with a British crew, spending a total of ten weeks observing and interacting with the Chinese and a handful of Westerners. Roughly a dozen Japanese narratives of the voyage were produced at the time, recounting personal impressions and experiences in Shanghai. The Japanese emissaries had the distinct advantage of being able to communicate with their Chinese hosts by means of the “brush conversation” (written exchanges in literary Chinese). For their part, the Chinese authorities also created a paper trail of reports and memorials concerning the Japanese visitors, which worked its way up and down the bureaucratic chain of command. This was the first official meeting of Chinese and Japanese in several centuries. Although the Chinese authorities agreed to few of the Japanese requests for trade relations and a consulate, nine years later China and Japan would sign the first bilateral treaty of amity in their history, a completely equal treaty. East Asia—and the diplomatic and trade relations between the region's two major players in the modern era—would never be the same.
Faidra Papavasiliou
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814796207
- eISBN:
- 9780814765005
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814796207.003.0009
- Subject:
- Anthropology, American and Canadian Cultural Anthropology
This chapter explores alternative trade from the vantage point of consumption and its meanings by focusing on an alternative currency system in Ithaca, New York. It asks whether Ithaca's alternative ...
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This chapter explores alternative trade from the vantage point of consumption and its meanings by focusing on an alternative currency system in Ithaca, New York. It asks whether Ithaca's alternative currency, called HOURS, would promote a different and perhaps more equitable and sustainable economic reality, and how. The chapter first considers the role of “conventional” modern money in the production and perpetuation of the current global model of trade relations before turning to the question of how the use of an alternative kind of money may shape alternative economic relations and notions of fairness in Ithaca. It shows that the vast majority of commodities and exchanges in Ithaca remain outside the sphere of circulation of the city's HOURS system, which makes the alternative trade network an imperfect substitute for the dollar economy. It argues that the limited circulation of HOURS, despite the system's nearly twenty years of existence, is a reflection of fair trade networks that benefit a privileged minority of commodity producers.Less
This chapter explores alternative trade from the vantage point of consumption and its meanings by focusing on an alternative currency system in Ithaca, New York. It asks whether Ithaca's alternative currency, called HOURS, would promote a different and perhaps more equitable and sustainable economic reality, and how. The chapter first considers the role of “conventional” modern money in the production and perpetuation of the current global model of trade relations before turning to the question of how the use of an alternative kind of money may shape alternative economic relations and notions of fairness in Ithaca. It shows that the vast majority of commodities and exchanges in Ithaca remain outside the sphere of circulation of the city's HOURS system, which makes the alternative trade network an imperfect substitute for the dollar economy. It argues that the limited circulation of HOURS, despite the system's nearly twenty years of existence, is a reflection of fair trade networks that benefit a privileged minority of commodity producers.
Mary C. Neuburger
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801450846
- eISBN:
- 9780801465949
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801450846.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter examines the repercussions of Bulgaria's trade relations with Nazi Germany for tobacco merchants. Bulgarian–German commercial partnership, in which the tobacco trade was central, ...
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This chapter examines the repercussions of Bulgaria's trade relations with Nazi Germany for tobacco merchants. Bulgarian–German commercial partnership, in which the tobacco trade was central, provided one of the foundations for Bulgaria's entry into World War II on the Axis side. German trade with Bulgaria and other countries in Eastern Europe expanded rapidly in the course of the 1930s as a part of Nazi Gross-raumwirtshaft (greater German economic space). Even before Bulgaria became an Axis state, Jews were gradually shut out of the tobacco trade by Nazi dictate. This chapter considers how the Bulgarian state was compelled to marshal not only its troops but also its tobacco industry as part of its Axis war effort, as well as its impact on the country's Jewish tobacco merchants such as Jacques Asseof. It also discusses the Nazis' attempts to limit smoking in Bulgaria, the rise of anti-Semitism in the country, and the deportation of Bulgarian Jews to the provinces during the war.Less
This chapter examines the repercussions of Bulgaria's trade relations with Nazi Germany for tobacco merchants. Bulgarian–German commercial partnership, in which the tobacco trade was central, provided one of the foundations for Bulgaria's entry into World War II on the Axis side. German trade with Bulgaria and other countries in Eastern Europe expanded rapidly in the course of the 1930s as a part of Nazi Gross-raumwirtshaft (greater German economic space). Even before Bulgaria became an Axis state, Jews were gradually shut out of the tobacco trade by Nazi dictate. This chapter considers how the Bulgarian state was compelled to marshal not only its troops but also its tobacco industry as part of its Axis war effort, as well as its impact on the country's Jewish tobacco merchants such as Jacques Asseof. It also discusses the Nazis' attempts to limit smoking in Bulgaria, the rise of anti-Semitism in the country, and the deportation of Bulgarian Jews to the provinces during the war.
Brendan Vickers
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- March 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199689248
- eISBN:
- 9780191789731
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199689248.003.0011
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter discusses the trade and investment relations between South Africa and the African continent. It describes South Africa’s promotion of broader regional integration through ‘developmental ...
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This chapter discusses the trade and investment relations between South Africa and the African continent. It describes South Africa’s promotion of broader regional integration through ‘developmental regionalism’, which combines trade integration, cross-border infrastructure development, and policy coordination to build and diversify production, broaden regional and continental markets, and boost intra-African trade. The chapter concludes by setting out some challenges to South African economic diplomacy in Africa.Less
This chapter discusses the trade and investment relations between South Africa and the African continent. It describes South Africa’s promotion of broader regional integration through ‘developmental regionalism’, which combines trade integration, cross-border infrastructure development, and policy coordination to build and diversify production, broaden regional and continental markets, and boost intra-African trade. The chapter concludes by setting out some challenges to South African economic diplomacy in Africa.
George Hatke
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814760666
- eISBN:
- 9780814762783
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814760666.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Ancient History / Archaeology
This chapter explores the question of Aksumite trade with Nubia during the period spanning the first and third centuries CE. It suggests that, despite the expansion of international trade during the ...
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This chapter explores the question of Aksumite trade with Nubia during the period spanning the first and third centuries CE. It suggests that, despite the expansion of international trade during the Roman period, Aksum and Kush did not grow closer and instead had minimal contact. As far as long-distance trade is concerned, the economies of Kush and Aksum operated not very differently but independently of each other. The economy of Kush was intimately bound to the Nile Valley, the main route linking Nubia to Egypt. Aksum depended on agriculture in the Ethiopian Highlands, but its main outlet to the outside world was the Red Sea. This chapter also considers the extent to which Kush and Aksum maintained peaceful trade relations during the period.Less
This chapter explores the question of Aksumite trade with Nubia during the period spanning the first and third centuries CE. It suggests that, despite the expansion of international trade during the Roman period, Aksum and Kush did not grow closer and instead had minimal contact. As far as long-distance trade is concerned, the economies of Kush and Aksum operated not very differently but independently of each other. The economy of Kush was intimately bound to the Nile Valley, the main route linking Nubia to Egypt. Aksum depended on agriculture in the Ethiopian Highlands, but its main outlet to the outside world was the Red Sea. This chapter also considers the extent to which Kush and Aksum maintained peaceful trade relations during the period.
Stephen C. Smith and Yao Pan
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- December 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199678204
- eISBN:
- 9780191788635
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199678204.003.0018
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter examines three areas of US–China economic relations: international trade in goods and services, foreign direct investment (FDI), and portfolio investment. These three relationships are ...
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This chapter examines three areas of US–China economic relations: international trade in goods and services, foreign direct investment (FDI), and portfolio investment. These three relationships are understood in their institutional and regulatory environments. They also interact with one another: in some cases providing substitute means to achieve objectives; in other cases, one relationship works much better if features of another relationship are also working well, in which case they are complements. They are also affected by non-economic relations. Differences between the countries’ economic and political systems are a significant feature of the bilateral economic relationships and can be contentious.Less
This chapter examines three areas of US–China economic relations: international trade in goods and services, foreign direct investment (FDI), and portfolio investment. These three relationships are understood in their institutional and regulatory environments. They also interact with one another: in some cases providing substitute means to achieve objectives; in other cases, one relationship works much better if features of another relationship are also working well, in which case they are complements. They are also affected by non-economic relations. Differences between the countries’ economic and political systems are a significant feature of the bilateral economic relationships and can be contentious.
Peter N. Davies (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780969588559
- eISBN:
- 9781786944894
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780969588559.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This diary is introduced by Cecil R. Holt, who provides a short biography of John Holt and includes a series of letters from Holt to his parents, various employers, and his brother, all showcasing ...
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This diary is introduced by Cecil R. Holt, who provides a short biography of John Holt and includes a series of letters from Holt to his parents, various employers, and his brother, all showcasing his good business sense and duty to his family. The diary details the life of John Holt for the duration of his first voyage to and residence on Fernando Po, spanning the period 1862-1872 and documenting his rise within the trade industry, the nature of trade and governance he witnessed whilst in Africa, and musings over his family and his Christian faith. Several photographs of Holt and his contemporaries have been included.Less
This diary is introduced by Cecil R. Holt, who provides a short biography of John Holt and includes a series of letters from Holt to his parents, various employers, and his brother, all showcasing his good business sense and duty to his family. The diary details the life of John Holt for the duration of his first voyage to and residence on Fernando Po, spanning the period 1862-1872 and documenting his rise within the trade industry, the nature of trade and governance he witnessed whilst in Africa, and musings over his family and his Christian faith. Several photographs of Holt and his contemporaries have been included.
Yukon Huang
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- July 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190630034
- eISBN:
- 9780190630065
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190630034.003.0008
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
Ongoing negotiations of bilateral investment treaties between China and the United States and European Union serve as the primary means for both sides to engage in economic policy discussions. Many ...
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Ongoing negotiations of bilateral investment treaties between China and the United States and European Union serve as the primary means for both sides to engage in economic policy discussions. Many believe that US firms are investing a lot in China, although the amounts have been modest in comparison with the flows between China and the European Union. This is largely due to the composition of their respective trade with each other and not just political sensitivities. Both the United States and the European Union are confronting China with concerns about its restrictive investment practices, pressures for technology transfer, and intellectual property theft at a time when China seeks to become more innovative by moving up the technology ladder. China complains about being subjected to excessive scrutiny by agencies such as the Committee on Foreign Investments in the United States. Views differ significantly, making it difficult to reach agreement on policy options.Less
Ongoing negotiations of bilateral investment treaties between China and the United States and European Union serve as the primary means for both sides to engage in economic policy discussions. Many believe that US firms are investing a lot in China, although the amounts have been modest in comparison with the flows between China and the European Union. This is largely due to the composition of their respective trade with each other and not just political sensitivities. Both the United States and the European Union are confronting China with concerns about its restrictive investment practices, pressures for technology transfer, and intellectual property theft at a time when China seeks to become more innovative by moving up the technology ladder. China complains about being subjected to excessive scrutiny by agencies such as the Committee on Foreign Investments in the United States. Views differ significantly, making it difficult to reach agreement on policy options.
Peter N. Davies (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780969588559
- eISBN:
- 9781786944894
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780969588559.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This diary details the life of John Holt during a voyage across West Africa for the purposes of trade. Several entries included detailed accounts of the sale and purchase of goods and provide a ...
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This diary details the life of John Holt during a voyage across West Africa for the purposes of trade. Several entries included detailed accounts of the sale and purchase of goods and provide a valuable resource and insight into his career as a maritime merchant. His travels span the Kroo Coast; Bimbia; Bata; Gaboon; Fernando Po; Georges Bay; the Brass River; Loango Bay; and Mayumba. A small, ten-day voyage to the Krou coast, and Holt’s family tree have been included as supplementary material.Less
This diary details the life of John Holt during a voyage across West Africa for the purposes of trade. Several entries included detailed accounts of the sale and purchase of goods and provide a valuable resource and insight into his career as a maritime merchant. His travels span the Kroo Coast; Bimbia; Bata; Gaboon; Fernando Po; Georges Bay; the Brass River; Loango Bay; and Mayumba. A small, ten-day voyage to the Krou coast, and Holt’s family tree have been included as supplementary material.
Sherry Johnson
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780807834930
- eISBN:
- 9781469602622
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/9780807869345_johnson.10
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
This chapter illustrates how the Havana Consulado considered the years leading up to the turn of the century to be a time of disappointment. Not once in its campaign to eliminate North American ...
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This chapter illustrates how the Havana Consulado considered the years leading up to the turn of the century to be a time of disappointment. Not once in its campaign to eliminate North American influence and to wrest control of the commerce of Cuba away from its rivals did the Havana Consulado succeed in convincing Charles IV that it could offer a better solution to the problems of supply. After the defeats of 1796, in January 1797, it received more bad news when neutral commerce was reinstated. Trade relations with the United States were maintained until January 1802, when the concession was rescinded. The jubilation in the Consulado's meeting on January 31 was almost tangible. Those at the meeting applauded the king's resolution and congratulated His Majesty for recognizing the evil that would befall the commerce of Cuba if such permissiveness continued.Less
This chapter illustrates how the Havana Consulado considered the years leading up to the turn of the century to be a time of disappointment. Not once in its campaign to eliminate North American influence and to wrest control of the commerce of Cuba away from its rivals did the Havana Consulado succeed in convincing Charles IV that it could offer a better solution to the problems of supply. After the defeats of 1796, in January 1797, it received more bad news when neutral commerce was reinstated. Trade relations with the United States were maintained until January 1802, when the concession was rescinded. The jubilation in the Consulado's meeting on January 31 was almost tangible. Those at the meeting applauded the king's resolution and congratulated His Majesty for recognizing the evil that would befall the commerce of Cuba if such permissiveness continued.
Peter N. Davies (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780969588559
- eISBN:
- 9781786944894
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780969588559.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This report details and dates the proceedings aboard the Peep o’Day as the crew set off on their trade journey from Cape Palmas to Clarence Bay. Entries include descriptions of the employment of ...
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This report details and dates the proceedings aboard the Peep o’Day as the crew set off on their trade journey from Cape Palmas to Clarence Bay. Entries include descriptions of the employment of crewmen and provide insight into the easy and spontaneous manner of recruitment, whilst also shedding light on the presence of fraudulent ‘rogues’ in maritime trade. Also included in the entry are lists of the guns and oil on board, as well as details of purchases, such as canoes, rice, plantain bananas, jewellery, eggs, fowls and ducks, and specifications of latitude, longitude and wind speed.Less
This report details and dates the proceedings aboard the Peep o’Day as the crew set off on their trade journey from Cape Palmas to Clarence Bay. Entries include descriptions of the employment of crewmen and provide insight into the easy and spontaneous manner of recruitment, whilst also shedding light on the presence of fraudulent ‘rogues’ in maritime trade. Also included in the entry are lists of the guns and oil on board, as well as details of purchases, such as canoes, rice, plantain bananas, jewellery, eggs, fowls and ducks, and specifications of latitude, longitude and wind speed.
