David Kipen
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520268807
- eISBN:
- 9780520948877
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520268807.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter lists the annual events in the San Francisco Bay area, such as: the Shrine East-West Football Game, the California Dog Show, the National Match Play Open Golf Championship, the Open Golf ...
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This chapter lists the annual events in the San Francisco Bay area, such as: the Shrine East-West Football Game, the California Dog Show, the National Match Play Open Golf Championship, the Open Golf Tournament, Chinese New Year, the Citrus Fair, the Easter Sunrise Services, Army Day, the Annual Pistol Shoot Food Show, the Spring Yacht Regatta, the Japanese Cherry Blossom Festival, the Wild Flower Show, the Iris Blooming Season, the Tamalpais Center Flower Show, the Spring Flower Show, the Children's May Day Festival, the Early Days Fiesta, the Rodeo, the Scandinavian Midsummer Day Celeration, the Fireworks and Motorboat Regatta, the Bastille Day Celebration, Admission Day celerbrations, the Labor Day Parade, the Columbus Day Festival and Motorboat Regatta, the Grand National Livestock Exposition, and the Parade of the Witches.Less
This chapter lists the annual events in the San Francisco Bay area, such as: the Shrine East-West Football Game, the California Dog Show, the National Match Play Open Golf Championship, the Open Golf Tournament, Chinese New Year, the Citrus Fair, the Easter Sunrise Services, Army Day, the Annual Pistol Shoot Food Show, the Spring Yacht Regatta, the Japanese Cherry Blossom Festival, the Wild Flower Show, the Iris Blooming Season, the Tamalpais Center Flower Show, the Spring Flower Show, the Children's May Day Festival, the Early Days Fiesta, the Rodeo, the Scandinavian Midsummer Day Celeration, the Fireworks and Motorboat Regatta, the Bastille Day Celebration, Admission Day celerbrations, the Labor Day Parade, the Columbus Day Festival and Motorboat Regatta, the Grand National Livestock Exposition, and the Parade of the Witches.
Teofilo F. Ruiz
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691153575
- eISBN:
- 9781400842247
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691153575.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter presents a typology of the diversity of ludic events, their origins, and evolution in late medieval and early modern Spain. There has long been an argument that Spanish festivals, ...
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This chapter presents a typology of the diversity of ludic events, their origins, and evolution in late medieval and early modern Spain. There has long been an argument that Spanish festivals, celebratory cycles, and chivalrous activities, such as the tournament, did not originate in the peninsula but were most often imported from elsewhere. Festivities are, of course, as old as humanity itself. They are, in some ways, an aspect of that ludic drive that articulates the human need for play. At the individual, family, or community level, celebrations have played, and continue to play, a significant role in social relations, linking networks of individuals into temporary cohesive units. A birth, a coming of age, a wedding, a death, and all the high points of the life cycle call for some kind of ritual marking. Depending on wealth and social standing, these celebrations may be either exaggerated displays of one's lofty position or humble affairs.Less
This chapter presents a typology of the diversity of ludic events, their origins, and evolution in late medieval and early modern Spain. There has long been an argument that Spanish festivals, celebratory cycles, and chivalrous activities, such as the tournament, did not originate in the peninsula but were most often imported from elsewhere. Festivities are, of course, as old as humanity itself. They are, in some ways, an aspect of that ludic drive that articulates the human need for play. At the individual, family, or community level, celebrations have played, and continue to play, a significant role in social relations, linking networks of individuals into temporary cohesive units. A birth, a coming of age, a wedding, a death, and all the high points of the life cycle call for some kind of ritual marking. Depending on wealth and social standing, these celebrations may be either exaggerated displays of one's lofty position or humble affairs.
ROBERT V. DODGE
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199857203
- eISBN:
- 9780199932597
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199857203.003.0013
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Behavioural Economics
This chapter is about the prisoner's dilemma as a repeated encounter. The best strategy is defection, or non-cooperation, if a single encounter is anticipated. In the event of repeated, or iterated ...
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This chapter is about the prisoner's dilemma as a repeated encounter. The best strategy is defection, or non-cooperation, if a single encounter is anticipated. In the event of repeated, or iterated play, evidence indicates that cooperation can evolve. The introduction to this chapter provides a story published following the death of the last British survivor of the Christmas truce from World War I in 1915. Much of the chapter is based on Robert Axelrod's contests that inspired his classic book, The Evolution of Cooperation. Axelrod's first tournament involved fifteen contestants from different disciplines competing in a round-robin tournament with 200 games, competing against each opponent submitting strategies for playing the prisoner's dilemma. There was a great variety in how the games went but the winner was the one with the simplest plan, which was based on the simple strategy in tit-for-tat. This strategy worked initially then the competitor was to do whatever his opponent did on their previous move. Axelrod ran a much larger second tournament, with sixty-two entrants from six countries. The strategy of tit-for-tat again won, defeating experts from many fields. Subtopics follow the main part of the chapter, including a look at how cooperation takes hold and difficulties; robustness; noise; and cooperation examples. A supplement comes from Axelrod's book that is research on prisoner's dilemma leading to cooperation emerging in many isolated areas along the trenches in the early stages of World War One.Less
This chapter is about the prisoner's dilemma as a repeated encounter. The best strategy is defection, or non-cooperation, if a single encounter is anticipated. In the event of repeated, or iterated play, evidence indicates that cooperation can evolve. The introduction to this chapter provides a story published following the death of the last British survivor of the Christmas truce from World War I in 1915. Much of the chapter is based on Robert Axelrod's contests that inspired his classic book, The Evolution of Cooperation. Axelrod's first tournament involved fifteen contestants from different disciplines competing in a round-robin tournament with 200 games, competing against each opponent submitting strategies for playing the prisoner's dilemma. There was a great variety in how the games went but the winner was the one with the simplest plan, which was based on the simple strategy in tit-for-tat. This strategy worked initially then the competitor was to do whatever his opponent did on their previous move. Axelrod ran a much larger second tournament, with sixty-two entrants from six countries. The strategy of tit-for-tat again won, defeating experts from many fields. Subtopics follow the main part of the chapter, including a look at how cooperation takes hold and difficulties; robustness; noise; and cooperation examples. A supplement comes from Axelrod's book that is research on prisoner's dilemma leading to cooperation emerging in many isolated areas along the trenches in the early stages of World War One.
ALLEN JONES and Mark Naison
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823231027
- eISBN:
- 9780823240821
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823231027.003.0014
- Subject:
- History, Social History
Allen Jones began his last year at Clark Junior High in an optimistic mood. He was in the band and orchestra, he tried out and made the school basketball team in the beginning of his ninth-grade ...
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Allen Jones began his last year at Clark Junior High in an optimistic mood. He was in the band and orchestra, he tried out and made the school basketball team in the beginning of his ninth-grade year. He started to get some serious playing experience. Nate Archibald took them to a citywide basketball tournament in the park right across the street from the Forest Projects on Caldwell Avenue and 163rd Street, where Hilton White ran a legendary basketball program. About this time, the drug trade around the Projects started to change. There was a party almost every weekend in one of the Projects around the neighborhood: in the Melrose Projects on 156th Street off Morris Avenue, the Mitchell Projects, or the Millbrook Projects. It was at one of those parties in the Millbrook Projects that he became involved in yet another incident that could have cost him his life.Less
Allen Jones began his last year at Clark Junior High in an optimistic mood. He was in the band and orchestra, he tried out and made the school basketball team in the beginning of his ninth-grade year. He started to get some serious playing experience. Nate Archibald took them to a citywide basketball tournament in the park right across the street from the Forest Projects on Caldwell Avenue and 163rd Street, where Hilton White ran a legendary basketball program. About this time, the drug trade around the Projects started to change. There was a party almost every weekend in one of the Projects around the neighborhood: in the Melrose Projects on 156th Street off Morris Avenue, the Mitchell Projects, or the Millbrook Projects. It was at one of those parties in the Millbrook Projects that he became involved in yet another incident that could have cost him his life.
Gregory Mitchell
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195367584
- eISBN:
- 9780199776917
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195367584.003.0014
- Subject:
- Psychology, Forensic Psychology
Much of the interest in empirical studies of judges lies in the comparison of actual to ideal behavior to reach conclusions about judicial competence. We may decompose any empirical study that ...
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Much of the interest in empirical studies of judges lies in the comparison of actual to ideal behavior to reach conclusions about judicial competence. We may decompose any empirical study that attempts to address the competence of judges or the quality of judging into three basic components: (1) the specification of a normative benchmark; (2) the conversion of the benchmark into testable form and judicial behavior into measurable units; (3) the interpretation of the results of any comparison to draw appropriate conclusions about the descriptive-normative gap. This chapter considers complications at each stage in the comparison process, with illustrations from existing studies of judicial competence and studies from psychology that examine the gap between behavior and norms of rational judgment and decision making.Less
Much of the interest in empirical studies of judges lies in the comparison of actual to ideal behavior to reach conclusions about judicial competence. We may decompose any empirical study that attempts to address the competence of judges or the quality of judging into three basic components: (1) the specification of a normative benchmark; (2) the conversion of the benchmark into testable form and judicial behavior into measurable units; (3) the interpretation of the results of any comparison to draw appropriate conclusions about the descriptive-normative gap. This chapter considers complications at each stage in the comparison process, with illustrations from existing studies of judicial competence and studies from psychology that examine the gap between behavior and norms of rational judgment and decision making.
Teofilo F. Ruiz
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691153575
- eISBN:
- 9781400842247
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691153575.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter examines tournaments. The origins of tournaments in Western Europe can be traced back to classical sources and to a sparse number of references to events that looked like tournaments in ...
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This chapter examines tournaments. The origins of tournaments in Western Europe can be traced back to classical sources and to a sparse number of references to events that looked like tournaments in the Central Middle Ages. While these early mentions provide interesting glimpses of the genealogy of fictitious combat, it was the twelfth century that truly saw the formal beginnings of these traditions of artificial warfare that would hold such a powerful grip on the European imagination for many centuries to come. Closely tied to courtly culture and in a symbiotic relationship with the great outburst of courtly literature that took place in the twelfth and early thirteenth centuries, the tournament sank deep roots in England, France, the Low Countries, and parts of Germany during the twelfth century, and then developed elaborate rules of engagement and pageantry in succeeding centuries.Less
This chapter examines tournaments. The origins of tournaments in Western Europe can be traced back to classical sources and to a sparse number of references to events that looked like tournaments in the Central Middle Ages. While these early mentions provide interesting glimpses of the genealogy of fictitious combat, it was the twelfth century that truly saw the formal beginnings of these traditions of artificial warfare that would hold such a powerful grip on the European imagination for many centuries to come. Closely tied to courtly culture and in a symbiotic relationship with the great outburst of courtly literature that took place in the twelfth and early thirteenth centuries, the tournament sank deep roots in England, France, the Low Countries, and parts of Germany during the twelfth century, and then developed elaborate rules of engagement and pageantry in succeeding centuries.
Clark C. Gibson
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- October 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199278855
- eISBN:
- 9780191602863
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199278857.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Initial conditions in the recipient almost always reflect tragedies of the commons, public good problems, and principal-agent problems. Two broad motives/mechanisms behind the decision on the part of ...
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Initial conditions in the recipient almost always reflect tragedies of the commons, public good problems, and principal-agent problems. Two broad motives/mechanisms behind the decision on the part of a developed country to enter a recipient country with aid are identified. The first is altruism and warm glow. The second is increased per capita GDP via growth factors including essential capital investment, overcoming market failure in the recipient countries. Using game theory, the strategic implications of this mix of initial conditions and donor motives on donor outcomes are studied. It is shown that aid dependency is a likely outcome of this mix.Less
Initial conditions in the recipient almost always reflect tragedies of the commons, public good problems, and principal-agent problems. Two broad motives/mechanisms behind the decision on the part of a developed country to enter a recipient country with aid are identified. The first is altruism and warm glow. The second is increased per capita GDP via growth factors including essential capital investment, overcoming market failure in the recipient countries. Using game theory, the strategic implications of this mix of initial conditions and donor motives on donor outcomes are studied. It is shown that aid dependency is a likely outcome of this mix.
R. R. Davies
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199542918
- eISBN:
- 9780191715648
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199542918.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
The early education and pastimes of the nobility prepared them for war, and their understanding of past and present was framed by military considerations. It was common for great lords to serve in ...
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The early education and pastimes of the nobility prepared them for war, and their understanding of past and present was framed by military considerations. It was common for great lords to serve in numerous campaigns over several decades and to embark on crusade or participate in tournaments in times of peace. In seeking to meet their obligation to raise armies great lords looked first to their own households, retainers, and tenants, but came to act as military entrepreneurs who made use of contracts to recruit beyond these traditional sources of fighters. Assembling, arming, feeding, transporting, and paying large forces taxed the resources and skills of lordship to their limits. Fortunes could be made in war but it could also lead to ruin. Military lordship was particularly important in Wales, northern England, Scotland, and Ireland, and in the latter two countries the billeting of semi-professional mercenaries was normal.Less
The early education and pastimes of the nobility prepared them for war, and their understanding of past and present was framed by military considerations. It was common for great lords to serve in numerous campaigns over several decades and to embark on crusade or participate in tournaments in times of peace. In seeking to meet their obligation to raise armies great lords looked first to their own households, retainers, and tenants, but came to act as military entrepreneurs who made use of contracts to recruit beyond these traditional sources of fighters. Assembling, arming, feeding, transporting, and paying large forces taxed the resources and skills of lordship to their limits. Fortunes could be made in war but it could also lead to ruin. Military lordship was particularly important in Wales, northern England, Scotland, and Ireland, and in the latter two countries the billeting of semi-professional mercenaries was normal.
Gabriel Heaton
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199213115
- eISBN:
- 9780191707148
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199213115.003.0003
- Subject:
- Literature, Drama, 16th-century and Renaissance Literature
This chapter is concerned with entertainments in the Elizabethan tiltyard and the opportunities such occasions provided for performers to take on chivalric personae that sent nuanced messages to the ...
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This chapter is concerned with entertainments in the Elizabethan tiltyard and the opportunities such occasions provided for performers to take on chivalric personae that sent nuanced messages to the watching Queen. It begins with Sir Henry Lee's tiltyard speeches and the beginnings of the Accession Day tournaments, and continues by examining other tournaments and their surviving texts including the 1581 Callophisus entertainment involving the Earls of Arundel and Oxford, and the 1595 Love and Self‐Love entertainment of the Earl of Essex.Less
This chapter is concerned with entertainments in the Elizabethan tiltyard and the opportunities such occasions provided for performers to take on chivalric personae that sent nuanced messages to the watching Queen. It begins with Sir Henry Lee's tiltyard speeches and the beginnings of the Accession Day tournaments, and continues by examining other tournaments and their surviving texts including the 1581 Callophisus entertainment involving the Earls of Arundel and Oxford, and the 1595 Love and Self‐Love entertainment of the Earl of Essex.
Ann Rigney
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199644018
- eISBN:
- 9780191738784
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199644018.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
Chapter 4 pursues the case of Ivanhoe, concentrating on its afterlife in the USA and critically revisiting Mark Twain’s claim that Scott somehow ‘caused’ the American Civil War. An account is offered ...
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Chapter 4 pursues the case of Ivanhoe, concentrating on its afterlife in the USA and critically revisiting Mark Twain’s claim that Scott somehow ‘caused’ the American Civil War. An account is offered of the performative reception of Scott’s work in the USA, particularly of the re-enactments of Ivanhoe in the form of tournaments in the South and other appropriations of the story in material culture. It shows how Scott’s novels were used as a narrative template to understand the divisions within American society. It argues that Scott did not cause the Civil War, but that his work helped shape its political imaginary and, as a memory site known both North and South, its subsequent remembrance. As an imaginary resource, Scott’s work was appropriated in radically opposed ways by both those advancing racism (Griffith) and those opposing it (Chesnutt)Less
Chapter 4 pursues the case of Ivanhoe, concentrating on its afterlife in the USA and critically revisiting Mark Twain’s claim that Scott somehow ‘caused’ the American Civil War. An account is offered of the performative reception of Scott’s work in the USA, particularly of the re-enactments of Ivanhoe in the form of tournaments in the South and other appropriations of the story in material culture. It shows how Scott’s novels were used as a narrative template to understand the divisions within American society. It argues that Scott did not cause the Civil War, but that his work helped shape its political imaginary and, as a memory site known both North and South, its subsequent remembrance. As an imaginary resource, Scott’s work was appropriated in radically opposed ways by both those advancing racism (Griffith) and those opposing it (Chesnutt)
Richard W. Kaeuper
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199244584
- eISBN:
- 9780191697388
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199244584.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
This chapter explains the role of worship and violence practised by knights on the tourney field, in a raiding party, and on the battlefield. Passionate belief in tournament as the ideal sport ...
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This chapter explains the role of worship and violence practised by knights on the tourney field, in a raiding party, and on the battlefield. Passionate belief in tournament as the ideal sport unquestionably figures as one line in the creed spoken by those who worshiped at the high altar of prowess. Knighthood needs to emphasize its own internal cohesion and its own management of the highly competitive force of prowess.Less
This chapter explains the role of worship and violence practised by knights on the tourney field, in a raiding party, and on the battlefield. Passionate belief in tournament as the ideal sport unquestionably figures as one line in the creed spoken by those who worshiped at the high altar of prowess. Knighthood needs to emphasize its own internal cohesion and its own management of the highly competitive force of prowess.
Kiri Miller
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199753451
- eISBN:
- 9780199932979
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199753451.003.0004
- Subject:
- Music, History, American, Ethnomusicology, World Music
This chapter addresses public gameplay performance contexts for Guitar Hero and Rock Band. What does it mean to be a live performer of a pre-recorded song? These games inspire physically virtuosic, ...
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This chapter addresses public gameplay performance contexts for Guitar Hero and Rock Band. What does it mean to be a live performer of a pre-recorded song? These games inspire physically virtuosic, visually engaging performances, staged in a variety of social contexts: players compete in game tournaments, post performances on YouTube, and form instant bands with friends at Rock Band bar nights. They also engage with the gender and sexuality norms of rock performance, sometimes turning their gameplay into over-the-top rock drag. As players and their audiences create these performances, they collaborate with game designers and recorded musicians in stitching recorded musical sound and performing bodies back together.Less
This chapter addresses public gameplay performance contexts for Guitar Hero and Rock Band. What does it mean to be a live performer of a pre-recorded song? These games inspire physically virtuosic, visually engaging performances, staged in a variety of social contexts: players compete in game tournaments, post performances on YouTube, and form instant bands with friends at Rock Band bar nights. They also engage with the gender and sexuality norms of rock performance, sometimes turning their gameplay into over-the-top rock drag. As players and their audiences create these performances, they collaborate with game designers and recorded musicians in stitching recorded musical sound and performing bodies back together.
Christopher L. Tucci, Allan Afuah, and Gianluigi Viscusi (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198816225
- eISBN:
- 9780191853562
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198816225.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Innovation, Strategy
Examples of the value that can be created and captured through crowdsourcing go back to at least 1714, when the UK used crowdsourcing to solve the Longitude Problem, obtaining a solution that would ...
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Examples of the value that can be created and captured through crowdsourcing go back to at least 1714, when the UK used crowdsourcing to solve the Longitude Problem, obtaining a solution that would enable the UK to become the dominant maritime force of its time. Today, Wikipedia uses crowds to provide entries for the world’s largest and free encyclopedia. Partly fueled by the value that can be created and captured through crowdsourcing, interest in researching the phenomenon has been remarkable. For example, the Best Paper Awards in 2012 for a record-setting three journals—the Academy of Management Review, Journal of Product Innovation Management, and Academy of Management Perspectives—were about crowdsourcing. In spite of the interest in crowdsourcing—or perhaps because of it—research on the phenomenon has been conducted in different research silos within the fields of management (from strategy to finance to operations to information systems), biology, communications, computer science, economics, political science, among others. In these silos, crowdsourcing takes names such as broadcast search, innovation tournaments, crowdfunding, community innovation, distributed innovation, collective intelligence, open source, crowdpower, and even open innovation. The book aims to assemble papers from as many of these silos as possible since the ultimate potential of crowdsourcing research is likely to be attained only by bridging them. The papers provide a systematic overview of the research on crowdsourcing from different fields based on a more encompassing definition of the concept, its difference for innovation, and its value for both the private and public sectors.Less
Examples of the value that can be created and captured through crowdsourcing go back to at least 1714, when the UK used crowdsourcing to solve the Longitude Problem, obtaining a solution that would enable the UK to become the dominant maritime force of its time. Today, Wikipedia uses crowds to provide entries for the world’s largest and free encyclopedia. Partly fueled by the value that can be created and captured through crowdsourcing, interest in researching the phenomenon has been remarkable. For example, the Best Paper Awards in 2012 for a record-setting three journals—the Academy of Management Review, Journal of Product Innovation Management, and Academy of Management Perspectives—were about crowdsourcing. In spite of the interest in crowdsourcing—or perhaps because of it—research on the phenomenon has been conducted in different research silos within the fields of management (from strategy to finance to operations to information systems), biology, communications, computer science, economics, political science, among others. In these silos, crowdsourcing takes names such as broadcast search, innovation tournaments, crowdfunding, community innovation, distributed innovation, collective intelligence, open source, crowdpower, and even open innovation. The book aims to assemble papers from as many of these silos as possible since the ultimate potential of crowdsourcing research is likely to be attained only by bridging them. The papers provide a systematic overview of the research on crowdsourcing from different fields based on a more encompassing definition of the concept, its difference for innovation, and its value for both the private and public sectors.
J. Samuel Walker
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780807835036
- eISBN:
- 9781469602578
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/9780807869123_walker.8
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter shows how the ACC had continued the Southern Conference's tradition of holding a postseason tournament to determine the league champion. The ACC's bylaws specified that the tournament ...
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This chapter shows how the ACC had continued the Southern Conference's tradition of holding a postseason tournament to determine the league champion. The ACC's bylaws specified that the tournament champion would “be nominated for the NCAA tournament”; they did not officially designate the team that swept the ACC Tournament as the “conference champion” until 1961. The tournament winner, however, was regarded as the ACC champion, even without the formal declaration, from the time the league was established. The tournament was played at Reynolds Coliseum from 1954 through 1966, and although it was a well-attended event from the outset, it was not a complete sellout before 1965. The first tournament in 1954 drew a total attendance of 39,200 for four sessions and only the semifinals attracted a capacity crowd.Less
This chapter shows how the ACC had continued the Southern Conference's tradition of holding a postseason tournament to determine the league champion. The ACC's bylaws specified that the tournament champion would “be nominated for the NCAA tournament”; they did not officially designate the team that swept the ACC Tournament as the “conference champion” until 1961. The tournament winner, however, was regarded as the ACC champion, even without the formal declaration, from the time the league was established. The tournament was played at Reynolds Coliseum from 1954 through 1966, and although it was a well-attended event from the outset, it was not a complete sellout before 1965. The first tournament in 1954 drew a total attendance of 39,200 for four sessions and only the semifinals attracted a capacity crowd.
Hilary Levey Friedman
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780520276758
- eISBN:
- 9780520956698
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520276758.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Culture
This chapter examines competitive chess, soccer, and dance to describe the contemporary structure of competitive children's activities. Chess is an inherently competitive event as it pits one player ...
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This chapter examines competitive chess, soccer, and dance to describe the contemporary structure of competitive children's activities. Chess is an inherently competitive event as it pits one player in a contest against another, producing a winner and a loser if the game does not result in a draw. The world of children's competitive chess magnifies the intensity of this inherent rivalry and formalizes it into rankings and ratings at regional and national tournaments. Furthermore, soccer competition is particularly fierce when a state cup tournament hangs in the balance. Meanwhile, competitive dance is a for-profit competition, which incorporates a variety of dance styles such as jazz, tap, and lyrical/contemporary.Less
This chapter examines competitive chess, soccer, and dance to describe the contemporary structure of competitive children's activities. Chess is an inherently competitive event as it pits one player in a contest against another, producing a winner and a loser if the game does not result in a draw. The world of children's competitive chess magnifies the intensity of this inherent rivalry and formalizes it into rankings and ratings at regional and national tournaments. Furthermore, soccer competition is particularly fierce when a state cup tournament hangs in the balance. Meanwhile, competitive dance is a for-profit competition, which incorporates a variety of dance styles such as jazz, tap, and lyrical/contemporary.
J. Samuel Walker and Randy Roberts
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781469630236
- eISBN:
- 9781469630250
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469630236.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
In 1974 only twenty-five teams qualified for the NCAA tournament, and only one team from the major conferences. Most of the conferences chose their champions based on conference standing. And ...
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In 1974 only twenty-five teams qualified for the NCAA tournament, and only one team from the major conferences. Most of the conferences chose their champions based on conference standing. And independent programs gained admission into the tournament based on their season records. But there was still intense drama. Indiana University, coached by Robert “Bobby” Knight, and the University of Michigan tied for the Big 10 title and had to have a play-off to decide who would receive the NCAA invitation. But the most drama was in the ACC, where the ACC tournament decided who would go to the NCAA tournament.Less
In 1974 only twenty-five teams qualified for the NCAA tournament, and only one team from the major conferences. Most of the conferences chose their champions based on conference standing. And independent programs gained admission into the tournament based on their season records. But there was still intense drama. Indiana University, coached by Robert “Bobby” Knight, and the University of Michigan tied for the Big 10 title and had to have a play-off to decide who would receive the NCAA invitation. But the most drama was in the ACC, where the ACC tournament decided who would go to the NCAA tournament.
ALLEN JONES and Mark Naison
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823231027
- eISBN:
- 9780823240821
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823231027.003.0028
- Subject:
- History, Social History
When they arrived in France, Connie Boyer and Allen Jones were greeted at the airport by the president of the French team, Philip Kin, and his wife. After they exchanged pleasantries, the president ...
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When they arrived in France, Connie Boyer and Allen Jones were greeted at the airport by the president of the French team, Philip Kin, and his wife. After they exchanged pleasantries, the president took Jones to meet the other American on the team, Hank Holiday, a brother from Connecticut who had been playing in the Rucker Pro Tournament in Harlem before coming overseas. During the last game of the season, Gus Melchen, the manager of Amicale Steinsel, a Luxembourg team, came to see them play against another French team. After the game, Gus approached Jones and wanted him on his team. They worked out the terms of a contract: Amicale Steinsel would hire him as a player and coach at a salary comparable to what he was getting in France. Jones accepted his offer and prepared to start a new life in yet another European nation.Less
When they arrived in France, Connie Boyer and Allen Jones were greeted at the airport by the president of the French team, Philip Kin, and his wife. After they exchanged pleasantries, the president took Jones to meet the other American on the team, Hank Holiday, a brother from Connecticut who had been playing in the Rucker Pro Tournament in Harlem before coming overseas. During the last game of the season, Gus Melchen, the manager of Amicale Steinsel, a Luxembourg team, came to see them play against another French team. After the game, Gus approached Jones and wanted him on his team. They worked out the terms of a contract: Amicale Steinsel would hire him as a player and coach at a salary comparable to what he was getting in France. Jones accepted his offer and prepared to start a new life in yet another European nation.
ALLEN JONES and Mark Naison
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823231027
- eISBN:
- 9780823240821
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823231027.003.0030
- Subject:
- History, Social History
Things really started moving for Allen Jones in 1977 when he returned from the Roller Ball Tournament in the Bronx hosted by Guy Fisher. As a condition of his return, he had negotiated a contract ...
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Things really started moving for Allen Jones in 1977 when he returned from the Roller Ball Tournament in the Bronx hosted by Guy Fisher. As a condition of his return, he had negotiated a contract that required his team to find him a job or pay him more money, and after his team won the Luxembourg Cup he asked the president of the team to deliver on that promise. Jones was setting his sights higher. At that time, near the village of Steinsel, there was a big estate where the American ambassador to Luxembourg had lived. It was now the property of Marshall Weiss. The team president accompanied him there to inquire about employment. Jones started work immediately with Marweiss International and later at Cargolux International Airlines. Combining this job with playing and coaching basketball was difficult but he made it work. Overall, getting this position made his decision to live in Europe easy.Less
Things really started moving for Allen Jones in 1977 when he returned from the Roller Ball Tournament in the Bronx hosted by Guy Fisher. As a condition of his return, he had negotiated a contract that required his team to find him a job or pay him more money, and after his team won the Luxembourg Cup he asked the president of the team to deliver on that promise. Jones was setting his sights higher. At that time, near the village of Steinsel, there was a big estate where the American ambassador to Luxembourg had lived. It was now the property of Marshall Weiss. The team president accompanied him there to inquire about employment. Jones started work immediately with Marweiss International and later at Cargolux International Airlines. Combining this job with playing and coaching basketball was difficult but he made it work. Overall, getting this position made his decision to live in Europe easy.
Thomas Bäck
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- November 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780195099713
- eISBN:
- 9780197560921
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780195099713.003.0013
- Subject:
- Computer Science, Systems Analysis and Design
So far, the basic knowledge about setting up the parameters of Evolutionary Algorithms stems from a lot of empirical work and few theoretical results. The ...
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So far, the basic knowledge about setting up the parameters of Evolutionary Algorithms stems from a lot of empirical work and few theoretical results. The standard guidelines for parameters such as crossover rate, mutation probability, and population size as well as the standard settings of the recombination operator and selection mechanism were presented in chapter 2 for the Evolutionary Algorithms. In the case of Evolution Strategies and Evolutionary Programming, the self-adaptation mechanism for strategy parameters solves this parameterization problem in an elegant way, while for Genetic Algorithms no such technique is employed. Chapter 6 served to identify a reasonable choice of the mutation rate, but no theoretically confirmed knowledge about the choice of the crossover rate and the crossover operator is available. With respect to the optimal population size for Genetic Algorithms, Goldberg presented some theoretical arguments based on maximizing the number of schemata processed by the algorithm within fixed time, arriving at an optimal size λ* = 3 for serial implementations and extremely small string length [Gol89b]. However, as indicated in section 2.3.7 and chapter 6, it is by no means clear whether the schema processing point of view is appropriately preferred to the convergence velocity investigations presented in section 2.1.7 and chapter 6. As pointed out several times, we prefer the point of view which concentrates on a convergence velocity analysis. Consequently, the search for useful parameter settings of a Genetic Algorithm constitutes an optimization problem by itself, leading to the idea of using an Evolutionary Algorithm on a higher level to evolve optimal parameter settings of Genetic Algorithms. Due to the existence of two logically different levels in such an approach, it is reasonable to call it a meta-evolutionary algorithm. By concentrating on meta-evolution in this chapter, we will radically deviate from the biological model, where no two-level evolution process is to be observed but the self-adaptation principle can well be identified (as argued in chapter 2). However, there are several reasons why meta-evolution promises to yield some helpful insight into the working principles of Evolutionary Algorithms: First, meta-evolution provides the possibility to test whether the basic heuristic and the theoretical knowledge about parameterizations of Genetic Algorithms is also evolvable by the experimental approach, thus allowing us to confirm the heuristics or to point at alternatives.
Less
So far, the basic knowledge about setting up the parameters of Evolutionary Algorithms stems from a lot of empirical work and few theoretical results. The standard guidelines for parameters such as crossover rate, mutation probability, and population size as well as the standard settings of the recombination operator and selection mechanism were presented in chapter 2 for the Evolutionary Algorithms. In the case of Evolution Strategies and Evolutionary Programming, the self-adaptation mechanism for strategy parameters solves this parameterization problem in an elegant way, while for Genetic Algorithms no such technique is employed. Chapter 6 served to identify a reasonable choice of the mutation rate, but no theoretically confirmed knowledge about the choice of the crossover rate and the crossover operator is available. With respect to the optimal population size for Genetic Algorithms, Goldberg presented some theoretical arguments based on maximizing the number of schemata processed by the algorithm within fixed time, arriving at an optimal size λ* = 3 for serial implementations and extremely small string length [Gol89b]. However, as indicated in section 2.3.7 and chapter 6, it is by no means clear whether the schema processing point of view is appropriately preferred to the convergence velocity investigations presented in section 2.1.7 and chapter 6. As pointed out several times, we prefer the point of view which concentrates on a convergence velocity analysis. Consequently, the search for useful parameter settings of a Genetic Algorithm constitutes an optimization problem by itself, leading to the idea of using an Evolutionary Algorithm on a higher level to evolve optimal parameter settings of Genetic Algorithms. Due to the existence of two logically different levels in such an approach, it is reasonable to call it a meta-evolutionary algorithm. By concentrating on meta-evolution in this chapter, we will radically deviate from the biological model, where no two-level evolution process is to be observed but the self-adaptation principle can well be identified (as argued in chapter 2). However, there are several reasons why meta-evolution promises to yield some helpful insight into the working principles of Evolutionary Algorithms: First, meta-evolution provides the possibility to test whether the basic heuristic and the theoretical knowledge about parameterizations of Genetic Algorithms is also evolvable by the experimental approach, thus allowing us to confirm the heuristics or to point at alternatives.
Robert K. Wallace
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813125152
- eISBN:
- 9780813135052
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813125152.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
The loss of Northern Kentucky University (NKU) women's basketball team to Drury was a big disappointment. However, NKU had played hard against a team that was simply better than they were. Drury had ...
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The loss of Northern Kentucky University (NKU) women's basketball team to Drury was a big disappointment. However, NKU had played hard against a team that was simply better than they were. Drury had a special incentive, in that they had defeated them on their own court in February. This game evened the score for two great programs. A rematch at the following week's regional tournament would be great to see. NKU still qualified for the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Tournament after the loss and were still capable of beating anyone for the rest of the postseason. Drury played Lewis to see who would succeed NKU as the Great Lakes Valley Conference champion. Later that day, the seeds for the Great Lakes Regional were announced.Less
The loss of Northern Kentucky University (NKU) women's basketball team to Drury was a big disappointment. However, NKU had played hard against a team that was simply better than they were. Drury had a special incentive, in that they had defeated them on their own court in February. This game evened the score for two great programs. A rematch at the following week's regional tournament would be great to see. NKU still qualified for the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Tournament after the loss and were still capable of beating anyone for the rest of the postseason. Drury played Lewis to see who would succeed NKU as the Great Lakes Valley Conference champion. Later that day, the seeds for the Great Lakes Regional were announced.
