Peter W. Culicover and Ray Jackendoff
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199271092
- eISBN:
- 9780191709418
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199271092.003.0009
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology
As with passive and raising, the case for a non-movement approach to discontinuous dependencies has been under active development for many years, with the most extensive contributions occurring ...
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As with passive and raising, the case for a non-movement approach to discontinuous dependencies has been under active development for many years, with the most extensive contributions occurring within GPSG and HPSG. This chapter shows how a wide range of discontinuous dependencies, many of the type referred to in the literature as A'-constructions, can be accounted for within the type of architecture being proposed. It discusses not only wh-questions (with extraction and with wh- in situ), but relative clauses of various types, topicalization, left and right dislocation, tough movement, heavy shift, and scrambling.Less
As with passive and raising, the case for a non-movement approach to discontinuous dependencies has been under active development for many years, with the most extensive contributions occurring within GPSG and HPSG. This chapter shows how a wide range of discontinuous dependencies, many of the type referred to in the literature as A'-constructions, can be accounted for within the type of architecture being proposed. It discusses not only wh-questions (with extraction and with wh- in situ), but relative clauses of various types, topicalization, left and right dislocation, tough movement, heavy shift, and scrambling.
David Pesetsky
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199602490
- eISBN:
- 9780191757297
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199602490.003.0007
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Theoretical Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology
The chapter starts from the observation that a diagnostic is simply an argument in which one has particular confidence, put to practical use. The logical space of possible arguments for phrasal ...
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The chapter starts from the observation that a diagnostic is simply an argument in which one has particular confidence, put to practical use. The logical space of possible arguments for phrasal movement is sketched and exemplified with examples of such arguments, some well‐known and others more recently proposed. Hartman’s (2012) discussion of intervention effects is cited as an instance in which an established property of movement (intervention effects in A‐movement constructions) diagnosed the distribution of movement in a more poorly understood construction (English tough movement). The question of whether phrasal movement exists in the first place is taken up, in the context of the history of its discovery and current syntactic approaches that dispense with it.Less
The chapter starts from the observation that a diagnostic is simply an argument in which one has particular confidence, put to practical use. The logical space of possible arguments for phrasal movement is sketched and exemplified with examples of such arguments, some well‐known and others more recently proposed. Hartman’s (2012) discussion of intervention effects is cited as an instance in which an established property of movement (intervention effects in A‐movement constructions) diagnosed the distribution of movement in a more poorly understood construction (English tough movement). The question of whether phrasal movement exists in the first place is taken up, in the context of the history of its discovery and current syntactic approaches that dispense with it.
Ken Wexler
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199590339
- eISBN:
- 9780191745041
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199590339.003.0010
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Theoretical Linguistics, Psycholinguistics / Neurolinguistics / Cognitive Linguistics
This chapter analyzes the slow development of tough-movement (TM) construction and proposes the Universal Phase Requirement (UPR) as a partial explanation for this. TM constructions are so slow to ...
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This chapter analyzes the slow development of tough-movement (TM) construction and proposes the Universal Phase Requirement (UPR) as a partial explanation for this. TM constructions are so slow to develop because UPR does not allow the necessary derivation. The developmental facts (delay till age nine or so) of TM and its derivation from UPR provide further empirical support for the phasal analysis of TM and for phase theory in syntax more generally.Less
This chapter analyzes the slow development of tough-movement (TM) construction and proposes the Universal Phase Requirement (UPR) as a partial explanation for this. TM constructions are so slow to develop because UPR does not allow the necessary derivation. The developmental facts (delay till age nine or so) of TM and its derivation from UPR provide further empirical support for the phasal analysis of TM and for phase theory in syntax more generally.
Paul M. Postal
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262014816
- eISBN:
- 9780262295482
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262014816.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Lexicography
This book rejects the notion that an English phrase of the form verb + determiner phrase [V + DP] invariably involves a grammatical relation properly characterized as a direct object. It argues ...
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This book rejects the notion that an English phrase of the form verb + determiner phrase [V + DP] invariably involves a grammatical relation properly characterized as a direct object. It argues instead that at least three distinct relations occur in such a structure. The different syntactic properties of these three kinds of objects are shown by how they behave in passives, middles, -able forms, tough movement, wh-movement, Heavy NP Shift, Ride Node Raising, re-prefixation, and many other tests. This proposal renders the book’s position sharply different from that of Noam Chomsky, who defined a direct object structurally as noun phrase, verb phrase [NP, VP], and with the traditional linguistics text’s definition of the direct object as the DP sister of V. According to the book’s framework, sentence structures are complex graph structures built on nodes (vertices) and edges (arcs). The node that heads a particular edge represents a constituent which bears the grammatical relation named by the edge label to its tail node. This approach allows two DPs that have very different grammatical properties to occupy what looks like identical structural positions. The contrasting behaviors of direct objects, which at first seem anomalous—even grammatically chaotic—emerge in Postal’s account as nonanomalous, as symptoms of hitherto ungrasped structural regularity.Less
This book rejects the notion that an English phrase of the form verb + determiner phrase [V + DP] invariably involves a grammatical relation properly characterized as a direct object. It argues instead that at least three distinct relations occur in such a structure. The different syntactic properties of these three kinds of objects are shown by how they behave in passives, middles, -able forms, tough movement, wh-movement, Heavy NP Shift, Ride Node Raising, re-prefixation, and many other tests. This proposal renders the book’s position sharply different from that of Noam Chomsky, who defined a direct object structurally as noun phrase, verb phrase [NP, VP], and with the traditional linguistics text’s definition of the direct object as the DP sister of V. According to the book’s framework, sentence structures are complex graph structures built on nodes (vertices) and edges (arcs). The node that heads a particular edge represents a constituent which bears the grammatical relation named by the edge label to its tail node. This approach allows two DPs that have very different grammatical properties to occupy what looks like identical structural positions. The contrasting behaviors of direct objects, which at first seem anomalous—even grammatically chaotic—emerge in Postal’s account as nonanomalous, as symptoms of hitherto ungrasped structural regularity.
Peter W. Culicover
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- September 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780198865391
- eISBN:
- 9780191897757
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198865391.003.0007
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology, Theoretical Linguistics
This chapter applies the theory of the preceding chapters to A’ constructions, such as wh-questions and relative clauses. The main result of this chapter is that there is a range of ways in which the ...
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This chapter applies the theory of the preceding chapters to A’ constructions, such as wh-questions and relative clauses. The main result of this chapter is that there is a range of ways in which the conceptual ‘work’ associated with these constructions can be expressed in the correspondence between syntax, phonology, and meaning. None of them involve ‘movement’ in the classical sense, although some constructional devices do express links between constituents not in canonical position relative to their governing heads, giving the illusion of movement.Less
This chapter applies the theory of the preceding chapters to A’ constructions, such as wh-questions and relative clauses. The main result of this chapter is that there is a range of ways in which the conceptual ‘work’ associated with these constructions can be expressed in the correspondence between syntax, phonology, and meaning. None of them involve ‘movement’ in the classical sense, although some constructional devices do express links between constituents not in canonical position relative to their governing heads, giving the illusion of movement.
