Pavel Gregoric
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199277377
- eISBN:
- 9780191707537
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199277377.003.0006
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Ancient Philosophy
It has often been claimed that the phrase ‘common sense’ occurs only three or four times in the Aristotelian corpus. However, the phrase ‘common sense’ can also be found in Historia Animalium I.3 ...
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It has often been claimed that the phrase ‘common sense’ occurs only three or four times in the Aristotelian corpus. However, the phrase ‘common sense’ can also be found in Historia Animalium I.3 489 a 17 and Metaphysics I.1 981 b 14. This chapter examines the two overlooked occurrences to see what the phrase ‘common sense’ means there. In the overlooked occurrences the phrase ‘common sense’ refers to the individual senses, to the sense of touch in particular, or to the five individual senses indiscriminately. There the phrase is not a proper name for any particular perceptual capacity, but rather a description applicable to the individual senses in certain contexts. Aristotle describes the individual senses as ‘common’ to bring out the fact that they are shared by animals of different species.Less
It has often been claimed that the phrase ‘common sense’ occurs only three or four times in the Aristotelian corpus. However, the phrase ‘common sense’ can also be found in Historia Animalium I.3 489 a 17 and Metaphysics I.1 981 b 14. This chapter examines the two overlooked occurrences to see what the phrase ‘common sense’ means there. In the overlooked occurrences the phrase ‘common sense’ refers to the individual senses, to the sense of touch in particular, or to the five individual senses indiscriminately. There the phrase is not a proper name for any particular perceptual capacity, but rather a description applicable to the individual senses in certain contexts. Aristotle describes the individual senses as ‘common’ to bring out the fact that they are shared by animals of different species.
Heinrich Schenker
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195151510
- eISBN:
- 9780199871582
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195151510.003.0012
- Subject:
- Music, Theory, Analysis, Composition
This chapter stresses that, assuming performers have mastered their instruments, the study of each piece of music must from the onset be directed toward its expressive content; each piece makes its ...
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This chapter stresses that, assuming performers have mastered their instruments, the study of each piece of music must from the onset be directed toward its expressive content; each piece makes its own individual demands. Certain technical difficulties are equated with difficult life-situations, and the performer is admonished not to simplify but to overcome them. In aphoristic style, evenness of touch, ingenious fingerings, tempo questions, hearing oneself are all considered. The chapter closes with a fervent plea to the performer to eliminate any anxiety and to “infuse the tones with genuine life”.Less
This chapter stresses that, assuming performers have mastered their instruments, the study of each piece of music must from the onset be directed toward its expressive content; each piece makes its own individual demands. Certain technical difficulties are equated with difficult life-situations, and the performer is admonished not to simplify but to overcome them. In aphoristic style, evenness of touch, ingenious fingerings, tempo questions, hearing oneself are all considered. The chapter closes with a fervent plea to the performer to eliminate any anxiety and to “infuse the tones with genuine life”.
Lynette A. Jones and Susan J. Lederman
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195173154
- eISBN:
- 9780199786749
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195173154.003.0005
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience
This chapter addresses human hand functions based on performance of manual tasks that specifically involve active haptic sensing, another form of manual sensing that relies on cutaneous inputs from ...
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This chapter addresses human hand functions based on performance of manual tasks that specifically involve active haptic sensing, another form of manual sensing that relies on cutaneous inputs from the skin in combination with kinesthetic inputs derived from active use of our muscles, tendons, and joints. Many of the tasks related to tactile sensing are relevant to the discussion of active haptic sensing, because the latter also involves the stimulation of cutaneous receptors. Other key topics in this chapter involve the nature of manual exploration and the manner in which it constrains and enhances haptic perception of raised two- and three-dimensional objects and their material and geometric properties. Finally, performance via direct touch is compared to that achieved by indirect touch, in which the observer remotely explores the environment using intermediate links (e.g., probes) held in the hand.Less
This chapter addresses human hand functions based on performance of manual tasks that specifically involve active haptic sensing, another form of manual sensing that relies on cutaneous inputs from the skin in combination with kinesthetic inputs derived from active use of our muscles, tendons, and joints. Many of the tasks related to tactile sensing are relevant to the discussion of active haptic sensing, because the latter also involves the stimulation of cutaneous receptors. Other key topics in this chapter involve the nature of manual exploration and the manner in which it constrains and enhances haptic perception of raised two- and three-dimensional objects and their material and geometric properties. Finally, performance via direct touch is compared to that achieved by indirect touch, in which the observer remotely explores the environment using intermediate links (e.g., probes) held in the hand.
Alvin I. Goldman
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195138924
- eISBN:
- 9780199786480
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195138929.003.0006
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind
People have a primitive and largely automatic ability to recognize emotions in faces, an ability best explained by simulation, more specifically, mirror processes. In lesion studies of fear, disgust, ...
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People have a primitive and largely automatic ability to recognize emotions in faces, an ability best explained by simulation, more specifically, mirror processes. In lesion studies of fear, disgust, and anger, paired selective deficits have been found in experiencing and recognizing these emotions. A patient with insula and basal ganglia damage, for example, scored very low on a questionnaire for experiencing disgust and was also significantly and selectively impaired in recognizing disgust in facial expressions. Such findings are best explained by simulation theory, which predicts that damage to a neural system responsible for undergoing a certain emotion would also yield impairment in recognizing it. Mirror processes involve matching neural activation in both a subject and an observer of a specific mental state, and such processes have been identified (via single cell recordings and neuroimaging studies) for motor intention, touch, pain, and the several emotions listed above.Less
People have a primitive and largely automatic ability to recognize emotions in faces, an ability best explained by simulation, more specifically, mirror processes. In lesion studies of fear, disgust, and anger, paired selective deficits have been found in experiencing and recognizing these emotions. A patient with insula and basal ganglia damage, for example, scored very low on a questionnaire for experiencing disgust and was also significantly and selectively impaired in recognizing disgust in facial expressions. Such findings are best explained by simulation theory, which predicts that damage to a neural system responsible for undergoing a certain emotion would also yield impairment in recognizing it. Mirror processes involve matching neural activation in both a subject and an observer of a specific mental state, and such processes have been identified (via single cell recordings and neuroimaging studies) for motor intention, touch, pain, and the several emotions listed above.
Aviad Kleinberg
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780231174701
- eISBN:
- 9780231540247
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231174701.003.0010
- Subject:
- Religion, Philosophy of Religion
Where the finger of Doubting Thomas ends up in the flesh of St. Francis of Assisi.
Where the finger of Doubting Thomas ends up in the flesh of St. Francis of Assisi.
Ryan Nichols
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199276912
- eISBN:
- 9780191707759
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199276912.003.0005
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy
This chapter analyzes Reid's theory of visual perception. Specifically, it determines the nature of Reid's theory of visual perception and its implications on a theory of perceptual knowledge. Vision ...
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This chapter analyzes Reid's theory of visual perception. Specifically, it determines the nature of Reid's theory of visual perception and its implications on a theory of perceptual knowledge. Vision had seemed to Reid's predecessors obviously to be indirect. While he disagrees with this sentiment, his concession to the Way of Ideas is his recognition of a type of visual intermediary, which he calls ‘visible figure’. He argues that the presence of visible figure does not thwart his attempt to show that even visual perception can provide us direct access to features of the world. Analysis of Reid's underdeveloped notion of visible figure yields a theory of perception that implies touch and vision afford us differently structured relations to the mind-independent world.Less
This chapter analyzes Reid's theory of visual perception. Specifically, it determines the nature of Reid's theory of visual perception and its implications on a theory of perceptual knowledge. Vision had seemed to Reid's predecessors obviously to be indirect. While he disagrees with this sentiment, his concession to the Way of Ideas is his recognition of a type of visual intermediary, which he calls ‘visible figure’. He argues that the presence of visible figure does not thwart his attempt to show that even visual perception can provide us direct access to features of the world. Analysis of Reid's underdeveloped notion of visible figure yields a theory of perception that implies touch and vision afford us differently structured relations to the mind-independent world.
A. D. (Bud) Craig
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691156767
- eISBN:
- 9781400852727
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691156767.003.0003
- Subject:
- Biology, Neurobiology
This chapter describes the functional and anatomical characteristics of interoceptive processing at the levels of the primary sensory fiber and the spinal cord. The association of the spinothalamic ...
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This chapter describes the functional and anatomical characteristics of interoceptive processing at the levels of the primary sensory fiber and the spinal cord. The association of the spinothalamic pathway with pain and temperature had already been described in textbooks for years. The clinical evidence indicated that a knife cut that severed the spinal cord on one side produced a loss of pain and temperature sensations only on the opposite (contralateral) side of the body, as tested with pinprick and a cold brass rod, combined with the loss of discriminative touch sensation and skeletal motor function on the same (ipsilateral) side as the injury to the spinal cord. The anatomical basis for this dissociated pattern of sensory loss is the distinctness of the two ascending somatosensory pathways to the brain-discriminative touch sensation in the uncrossed (ipsilateral) dorsal column pathway, and pain and temperature sensations in the crossed (contralateral) spinothalamic pathway.Less
This chapter describes the functional and anatomical characteristics of interoceptive processing at the levels of the primary sensory fiber and the spinal cord. The association of the spinothalamic pathway with pain and temperature had already been described in textbooks for years. The clinical evidence indicated that a knife cut that severed the spinal cord on one side produced a loss of pain and temperature sensations only on the opposite (contralateral) side of the body, as tested with pinprick and a cold brass rod, combined with the loss of discriminative touch sensation and skeletal motor function on the same (ipsilateral) side as the injury to the spinal cord. The anatomical basis for this dissociated pattern of sensory loss is the distinctness of the two ascending somatosensory pathways to the brain-discriminative touch sensation in the uncrossed (ipsilateral) dorsal column pathway, and pain and temperature sensations in the crossed (contralateral) spinothalamic pathway.
Lynette A. Jones and Susan J. Lederman
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195173154
- eISBN:
- 9780199786749
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195173154.003.0010
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience
The results of fundamental research on human hand function offer valuable information about the capacities and limitations of the human user. Such information may be directed toward the solution of a ...
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The results of fundamental research on human hand function offer valuable information about the capacities and limitations of the human user. Such information may be directed toward the solution of a number of real-world problems that depend on the sense of touch and manual dexterity. This chapter addresses five application domains that have been selected because of the critical mass of scientific results that are relevant to these topics. These include the evaluation of hand function and rehabilitation, language communication with the hand, sensory communication systems for the blind, haptic interfaces, and exploring art by touch. In each case, a description of the application domain is offered, followed by consideration of design issues and possible implications of selected research findings.Less
The results of fundamental research on human hand function offer valuable information about the capacities and limitations of the human user. Such information may be directed toward the solution of a number of real-world problems that depend on the sense of touch and manual dexterity. This chapter addresses five application domains that have been selected because of the critical mass of scientific results that are relevant to these topics. These include the evaluation of hand function and rehabilitation, language communication with the hand, sensory communication systems for the blind, haptic interfaces, and exploring art by touch. In each case, a description of the application domain is offered, followed by consideration of design issues and possible implications of selected research findings.
Lynette A. Jones and Susan J. Lederman
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195173154
- eISBN:
- 9780199786749
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195173154.003.0004
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience
This chapter focuses on human hand functions based on performance of manual tasks that specifically involve human tactile sensing, a form of sensing derived from cutaneous inputs arising in the skin ...
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This chapter focuses on human hand functions based on performance of manual tasks that specifically involve human tactile sensing, a form of sensing derived from cutaneous inputs arising in the skin of the human hand. Key topics include: tactile sensitivity to electrical, mechanical, and thermal energy; the tactile spatial and temporal resolving capacity of the human hand; tactile motion on the skin; space-time interactions in somatosensory processing; and perception of objects and their material and geometric properties.Less
This chapter focuses on human hand functions based on performance of manual tasks that specifically involve human tactile sensing, a form of sensing derived from cutaneous inputs arising in the skin of the human hand. Key topics include: tactile sensitivity to electrical, mechanical, and thermal energy; the tactile spatial and temporal resolving capacity of the human hand; tactile motion on the skin; space-time interactions in somatosensory processing; and perception of objects and their material and geometric properties.
Stephen Teo
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622098152
- eISBN:
- 9789882207110
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622098152.001.0001
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
A Touch of Zen is one of the first Chinese-language films to gain recognition in an international film festival (the Grand Prix in the 1975 Cannes Film Festival), creating the generic mould for the ...
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A Touch of Zen is one of the first Chinese-language films to gain recognition in an international film festival (the Grand Prix in the 1975 Cannes Film Festival), creating the generic mould for the crossover success of Ang Lee's Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon in 2000. The film has achieved a cult status over the years but little has been written about it. This first book-length study of the classic martial arts film therefore redresses its critical neglect, and explores its multi-leveled dimensions and mysteries. One of the central features of the film is the enigmatic knight-lady whose quest for revenge leads her to cross paths with a poor scholar whose interest in military strategy seals their alliance. The author discusses the psychological manifestations and implications of this relationship and concludes that the film's continuing relevance lies in its portrait of sexuality and the feminist desires of the heroine. He also analyzes the film's form as an action piece and the director's preoccupation with Zen as a creative inspiration and as a subject in its own right. As such, he argues that the film is a highly unconventional and idiosyncratic work which attempts to transcend its own genre and reach the heights of universal transcendence. He grounds his study in both Western and Chinese literary sources, providing a broad and comprehensive treatise based on the film's narrative concepts and symbols.Less
A Touch of Zen is one of the first Chinese-language films to gain recognition in an international film festival (the Grand Prix in the 1975 Cannes Film Festival), creating the generic mould for the crossover success of Ang Lee's Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon in 2000. The film has achieved a cult status over the years but little has been written about it. This first book-length study of the classic martial arts film therefore redresses its critical neglect, and explores its multi-leveled dimensions and mysteries. One of the central features of the film is the enigmatic knight-lady whose quest for revenge leads her to cross paths with a poor scholar whose interest in military strategy seals their alliance. The author discusses the psychological manifestations and implications of this relationship and concludes that the film's continuing relevance lies in its portrait of sexuality and the feminist desires of the heroine. He also analyzes the film's form as an action piece and the director's preoccupation with Zen as a creative inspiration and as a subject in its own right. As such, he argues that the film is a highly unconventional and idiosyncratic work which attempts to transcend its own genre and reach the heights of universal transcendence. He grounds his study in both Western and Chinese literary sources, providing a broad and comprehensive treatise based on the film's narrative concepts and symbols.
Thomas Austin
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719076893
- eISBN:
- 9781781701775
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719076893.001.0001
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
Screen documentary has experienced a marked rise in visibility and popularity in recent years. What are the reasons for the so-called ‘boom’ in documentaries at the cinema? How has television ...
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Screen documentary has experienced a marked rise in visibility and popularity in recent years. What are the reasons for the so-called ‘boom’ in documentaries at the cinema? How has television documentary met the challenge of new formats? And how do audiences engage with documentaries on screen? Watching the world extends the reach of documentary studies by investigating recent instances of screen documentary and the uses made of them by audiences. This book focuses on the interfaces between textual mechanisms, promotional tactics and audiences' viewing strategies. Key topics of inquiry are: film and televisual form, truth claims and issues of trust, the pleasures, politics and ethics of documentary. Case studies include Capturing the Friedmans, Etre et Avoir, Paradise Lost, Touching the Void and wildlife documentaries on television.Less
Screen documentary has experienced a marked rise in visibility and popularity in recent years. What are the reasons for the so-called ‘boom’ in documentaries at the cinema? How has television documentary met the challenge of new formats? And how do audiences engage with documentaries on screen? Watching the world extends the reach of documentary studies by investigating recent instances of screen documentary and the uses made of them by audiences. This book focuses on the interfaces between textual mechanisms, promotional tactics and audiences' viewing strategies. Key topics of inquiry are: film and televisual form, truth claims and issues of trust, the pleasures, politics and ethics of documentary. Case studies include Capturing the Friedmans, Etre et Avoir, Paradise Lost, Touching the Void and wildlife documentaries on television.
C. C. W. Taylor
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199226399
- eISBN:
- 9780191710209
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199226399.003.0007
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Ancient Philosophy
J. O. Urmson criticizes Aristotle for blurring, in his discussion of bodily pleasures, the distinction between enjoying activities and enjoying pleasant sensations. This chapter argues a) that in ...
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J. O. Urmson criticizes Aristotle for blurring, in his discussion of bodily pleasures, the distinction between enjoying activities and enjoying pleasant sensations. This chapter argues a) that in many cases the enjoyment of pleasant sensations is an essential part of the enjoyment of activities; and b) that while Aristotle believes that intemperate people enjoy eating, drinking, and sex primarily for the sake of bodily sensations (which he construes as tactile sensations), he correctly believes that that account is compatible with their enjoying those activities themselves. Aristotle is, however, wrong in giving tactile sensations that central role in his account of intemperate enjoyments.Less
J. O. Urmson criticizes Aristotle for blurring, in his discussion of bodily pleasures, the distinction between enjoying activities and enjoying pleasant sensations. This chapter argues a) that in many cases the enjoyment of pleasant sensations is an essential part of the enjoyment of activities; and b) that while Aristotle believes that intemperate people enjoy eating, drinking, and sex primarily for the sake of bodily sensations (which he construes as tactile sensations), he correctly believes that that account is compatible with their enjoying those activities themselves. Aristotle is, however, wrong in giving tactile sensations that central role in his account of intemperate enjoyments.
Morton A. Heller (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198503873
- eISBN:
- 9780191686559
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198503873.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
Psychological studies of touch and blindness have been fraught with controversy. Within this field there remains an important theoretical divide. Many researchers have taken a cognitive approach to ...
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Psychological studies of touch and blindness have been fraught with controversy. Within this field there remains an important theoretical divide. Many researchers have taken a cognitive approach to the study of touch and blindness, relating these to higher order processes, such as memory and concept formation. Others adopt a theoretical perspective, arguing that it is not necessary to consider the ‘internal representation’ of the stimuli when investigating touch—thus people make use of information from the physical biomechanical properties of their limbs as they assess the physical properties of objects. In addition, psychologists differ in the relative importance they place on the modality of sensory stimulation for subsequent perceptual experiences. Some psychologists argue that touch can do many of the things that are accomplished by vision, and claim that the mode of sensory stimulation is not critically important for perception, arguing that much information can be obtained through non-visual modalities. Others suggest that there are important consequences of a lack of visual experience, arguing for the importance of multiple forms of sensory input for conceptual development. This book brings together the leading investigators in these areas, each presenting the evidence for their side of the debate. An introductory chapter sets the theoretical and historical stage for the debate, and a concluding chapter draws together the different views and ideas set forth by the contributors, summarizing and resolving the discussion.Less
Psychological studies of touch and blindness have been fraught with controversy. Within this field there remains an important theoretical divide. Many researchers have taken a cognitive approach to the study of touch and blindness, relating these to higher order processes, such as memory and concept formation. Others adopt a theoretical perspective, arguing that it is not necessary to consider the ‘internal representation’ of the stimuli when investigating touch—thus people make use of information from the physical biomechanical properties of their limbs as they assess the physical properties of objects. In addition, psychologists differ in the relative importance they place on the modality of sensory stimulation for subsequent perceptual experiences. Some psychologists argue that touch can do many of the things that are accomplished by vision, and claim that the mode of sensory stimulation is not critically important for perception, arguing that much information can be obtained through non-visual modalities. Others suggest that there are important consequences of a lack of visual experience, arguing for the importance of multiple forms of sensory input for conceptual development. This book brings together the leading investigators in these areas, each presenting the evidence for their side of the debate. An introductory chapter sets the theoretical and historical stage for the debate, and a concluding chapter draws together the different views and ideas set forth by the contributors, summarizing and resolving the discussion.
Robert C. Fuller
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195146806
- eISBN:
- 9780199834204
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195146808.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Many of America's alternative healing systems function as vehicles for the transmission of alternative spiritual philosophies. Chiropractic medicine, Osteopathy, Holistic Healing, Therapeutic Touch, ...
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Many of America's alternative healing systems function as vehicles for the transmission of alternative spiritual philosophies. Chiropractic medicine, Osteopathy, Holistic Healing, Therapeutic Touch, and Alcoholics Anonymous are but a few of the alternative healing systems that have deep roots in the American metaphysical tradition. So, too, do various New Age healing practices such as color or crystal healing that believe in the existence of “subtle energies.” It is clear that many of those who are drawn to our alternative healing systems do so not just for relief from physical ailments but also for spiritual growth and edification.Less
Many of America's alternative healing systems function as vehicles for the transmission of alternative spiritual philosophies. Chiropractic medicine, Osteopathy, Holistic Healing, Therapeutic Touch, and Alcoholics Anonymous are but a few of the alternative healing systems that have deep roots in the American metaphysical tradition. So, too, do various New Age healing practices such as color or crystal healing that believe in the existence of “subtle energies.” It is clear that many of those who are drawn to our alternative healing systems do so not just for relief from physical ailments but also for spiritual growth and edification.
Roy Sorensen
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195326574
- eISBN:
- 9780199870271
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195326574.003.0006
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind
In his New Theory of Vision, George Berkeley argued that touch is the basis for the spatial sensitivity of the remaining senses. There appear to be counterexamples, that is, intangibles that are ...
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In his New Theory of Vision, George Berkeley argued that touch is the basis for the spatial sensitivity of the remaining senses. There appear to be counterexamples, that is, intangibles that are spatial: rainbows, the sky, microscopic entities, and holes. A flexible Berkeleian can argue with surprising plausibility that these are actually tangible. However, Berkeley (and his two centuries of followers and adversaries) overlooked how shadows are genuine counterexamples. Echoes of Berkeley's theory of vision can still be heard in contemporary vision research. These echoes are also affected by the fact that shadows are entirely visual.Less
In his New Theory of Vision, George Berkeley argued that touch is the basis for the spatial sensitivity of the remaining senses. There appear to be counterexamples, that is, intangibles that are spatial: rainbows, the sky, microscopic entities, and holes. A flexible Berkeleian can argue with surprising plausibility that these are actually tangible. However, Berkeley (and his two centuries of followers and adversaries) overlooked how shadows are genuine counterexamples. Echoes of Berkeley's theory of vision can still be heard in contemporary vision research. These echoes are also affected by the fact that shadows are entirely visual.
Dave Saint-Amour, Jean-Paul Guillemot, Maryse Lassonde, and Franco Lepore
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780198528999
- eISBN:
- 9780191723926
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528999.003.0023
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Disorders of the Nervous System
The idea that early-blind subjects may be able to compensate their loss of vision by developing a greater efficiency in the use of their other sensory modalities — primarily touch and audition — was ...
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The idea that early-blind subjects may be able to compensate their loss of vision by developing a greater efficiency in the use of their other sensory modalities — primarily touch and audition — was expressed more than two centuries ago by Diderot in his ‘Lettre sur les Aveugles’ (1749). This chapter explores this notion by asking whether or not blind people develop compensatory capacities that render them more proficient in the processing of auditory stimuli than sighted people. It then discusses the possible mechanisms by which intermodal compensation may be achieved.Less
The idea that early-blind subjects may be able to compensate their loss of vision by developing a greater efficiency in the use of their other sensory modalities — primarily touch and audition — was expressed more than two centuries ago by Diderot in his ‘Lettre sur les Aveugles’ (1749). This chapter explores this notion by asking whether or not blind people develop compensatory capacities that render them more proficient in the processing of auditory stimuli than sighted people. It then discusses the possible mechanisms by which intermodal compensation may be achieved.
Rushmir Mahmutćehajić
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823227518
- eISBN:
- 9780823237029
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fso/9780823227518.003.0033
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
A man can hide from another man, and even from himself, but he cannot hide from God. Everything of his remains accessible to Him. Since the eyes, ears, and skin are the borders across which ...
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A man can hide from another man, and even from himself, but he cannot hide from God. Everything of his remains accessible to Him. Since the eyes, ears, and skin are the borders across which relationships are established between the self and the nonself, they are also obstacles for the other in his knowledge of the inner self. Thus hearing, sight, and touch bear witness to what can be hidden from another. And only those who can speak can bear witness. Human reliance on the other's lack of knowledge about his inner self presupposes the inability of ears, eyes, and skin to speak. They are thus subordinated to human management through speech. But the Self is only present in the pure heart. Touching and kissing and union at the moment of achieving the peak of satisfaction, which unites severity and beauty and extinguishes separation, serve only to show that all dividedness and all closeness are different ways of disclosing that oneness.Less
A man can hide from another man, and even from himself, but he cannot hide from God. Everything of his remains accessible to Him. Since the eyes, ears, and skin are the borders across which relationships are established between the self and the nonself, they are also obstacles for the other in his knowledge of the inner self. Thus hearing, sight, and touch bear witness to what can be hidden from another. And only those who can speak can bear witness. Human reliance on the other's lack of knowledge about his inner self presupposes the inability of ears, eyes, and skin to speak. They are thus subordinated to human management through speech. But the Self is only present in the pure heart. Touching and kissing and union at the moment of achieving the peak of satisfaction, which unites severity and beauty and extinguishes separation, serve only to show that all dividedness and all closeness are different ways of disclosing that oneness.
Kenneth M. Heilman
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195144901
- eISBN:
- 9780199865642
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195144901.003.0008
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Behavioral Neuroscience
This chapter discusses the means by which the brain perceives and recognizes stimuli. Studies of patients with disorders of recognition suggest that the brain recognizes meaningful stimuli by using a ...
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This chapter discusses the means by which the brain perceives and recognizes stimuli. Studies of patients with disorders of recognition suggest that the brain recognizes meaningful stimuli by using a multicomponent sequential process. Primary sensory cortices in the occipital lobes (vision), anterior parietal lobes (touch), and superior temporal lobes (audition) receive incoming sensory information and analyze it (e.g., the location and color of stimuli). This processed information is passed on to modality-specific cortical association areas that are adjacent to the primary sensory cortical areas.Less
This chapter discusses the means by which the brain perceives and recognizes stimuli. Studies of patients with disorders of recognition suggest that the brain recognizes meaningful stimuli by using a multicomponent sequential process. Primary sensory cortices in the occipital lobes (vision), anterior parietal lobes (touch), and superior temporal lobes (audition) receive incoming sensory information and analyze it (e.g., the location and color of stimuli). This processed information is passed on to modality-specific cortical association areas that are adjacent to the primary sensory cortical areas.
Edmund T. Rolls
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195134971
- eISBN:
- 9780199864157
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195134971.003.0023
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Behavioral Neuroscience, Molecular and Cellular Systems
This chapter considers the functions of the orbitofrontal cortex. It shows that the orbitofrontal cortex is involved in decoding and representing some primary reinforcers such as taste and touch; in ...
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This chapter considers the functions of the orbitofrontal cortex. It shows that the orbitofrontal cortex is involved in decoding and representing some primary reinforcers such as taste and touch; in learning and reversing associations of visual and other stimuli to these primary reinforcers; in controlling and correcting reward-related and punishment-related behavior; and, thus, in emotion.Less
This chapter considers the functions of the orbitofrontal cortex. It shows that the orbitofrontal cortex is involved in decoding and representing some primary reinforcers such as taste and touch; in learning and reversing associations of visual and other stimuli to these primary reinforcers; in controlling and correcting reward-related and punishment-related behavior; and, thus, in emotion.
David Morgan
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780520272224
- eISBN:
- 9780520952140
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520272224.001.0001
- Subject:
- Art, Visual Culture
This book builds on the author’s previous groundbreaking work to offer this new, systematically integrated theory of the study of religion as visual culture. Providing key tools for scholars across ...
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This book builds on the author’s previous groundbreaking work to offer this new, systematically integrated theory of the study of religion as visual culture. Providing key tools for scholars across disciplines studying the materiality of religions, the author gives an accessibly written theoretical overview including case studies of the ways seeing is related to touching, hearing, feeling, and such ephemeral experiences as dreams, imagination, and visions. The case studies explore both the high and low of religious visual culture: Catholic traditions of the erotic Sacred Heart of Jesus, the unrecognizability of the Virgin in the Fatima apparitions, the prehistory of Warner Sallman’s face of Jesus, and more. Basing the study of religious images and visual practices in the relationship between seeing and the senses, the author argues against reductionist models of “the gaze,” demonstrating that vision is not something that occurs in abstraction, but is a fundamental way of embodying the human self.Less
This book builds on the author’s previous groundbreaking work to offer this new, systematically integrated theory of the study of religion as visual culture. Providing key tools for scholars across disciplines studying the materiality of religions, the author gives an accessibly written theoretical overview including case studies of the ways seeing is related to touching, hearing, feeling, and such ephemeral experiences as dreams, imagination, and visions. The case studies explore both the high and low of religious visual culture: Catholic traditions of the erotic Sacred Heart of Jesus, the unrecognizability of the Virgin in the Fatima apparitions, the prehistory of Warner Sallman’s face of Jesus, and more. Basing the study of religious images and visual practices in the relationship between seeing and the senses, the author argues against reductionist models of “the gaze,” demonstrating that vision is not something that occurs in abstraction, but is a fundamental way of embodying the human self.
