David Albert Jones
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199213009
- eISBN:
- 9780191707179
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199213009.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
This chapter investigates evidence for the level of clergy incomes, and compares the results with evidence for the income-levels of other professional groups. Attention is paid to the evidence for ...
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This chapter investigates evidence for the level of clergy incomes, and compares the results with evidence for the income-levels of other professional groups. Attention is paid to the evidence for the incomes of curates and ‘perpetual curates’. Initiatives to augment the endowments of benefices to increase the incomes of clergy are investigated and evaluated. The sources of clergy incomes are investigated: from fees, cultivating or letting glebe land and collecting tithes, and the difficulties that might be involved in collecting tithes. The very significant increase in incomes from glebe, and especially from tithes, over much of England and Wales from 1770 onwards as a result of agricultural improvements, is discussed.Less
This chapter investigates evidence for the level of clergy incomes, and compares the results with evidence for the income-levels of other professional groups. Attention is paid to the evidence for the incomes of curates and ‘perpetual curates’. Initiatives to augment the endowments of benefices to increase the incomes of clergy are investigated and evaluated. The sources of clergy incomes are investigated: from fees, cultivating or letting glebe land and collecting tithes, and the difficulties that might be involved in collecting tithes. The very significant increase in incomes from glebe, and especially from tithes, over much of England and Wales from 1770 onwards as a result of agricultural improvements, is discussed.
Nigel Yates
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199242382
- eISBN:
- 9780191603815
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199242380.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
This chapter looks at economic, political, and social developments in Ireland that had an impact on its religious development between 1770 and 1850.
This chapter looks at economic, political, and social developments in Ireland that had an impact on its religious development between 1770 and 1850.
David Albert Jones
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199213009
- eISBN:
- 9780191707179
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199213009.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
This chapter describes the means by which clergy managed their glebe, whether by cultivating it themselves or letting it, and the means by which tithes were collected. It discusses the extent of ...
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This chapter describes the means by which clergy managed their glebe, whether by cultivating it themselves or letting it, and the means by which tithes were collected. It discusses the extent of their involvement in the agricultural economy of their parishes. It examines the evidence for the size and construction of clergy's parsonage houses, and the steps that were taken from the 1770s to build or improve parsonage houses to promote the residence of incumbents in their parishes. The evidence of the lifestyle of incumbents is investigated, along with the role and position of clergy wives, the provision of support for clergy widows, and the position of clergy in local society. The levels of expenditure of clergy are examined, especially in relation to the overheads in collecting tithe and cultivating glebe, taxation, and charity for the poor of their parishes.Less
This chapter describes the means by which clergy managed their glebe, whether by cultivating it themselves or letting it, and the means by which tithes were collected. It discusses the extent of their involvement in the agricultural economy of their parishes. It examines the evidence for the size and construction of clergy's parsonage houses, and the steps that were taken from the 1770s to build or improve parsonage houses to promote the residence of incumbents in their parishes. The evidence of the lifestyle of incumbents is investigated, along with the role and position of clergy wives, the provision of support for clergy widows, and the position of clergy in local society. The levels of expenditure of clergy are examined, especially in relation to the overheads in collecting tithe and cultivating glebe, taxation, and charity for the poor of their parishes.
David Albert Jones
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199213009
- eISBN:
- 9780191707179
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199213009.003.0011
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
This chapter examines the evidence for anticlericalism during the period, paying particular attention to the suggestions of considerable levels of anticlericalism in the late 17th and early 18th ...
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This chapter examines the evidence for anticlericalism during the period, paying particular attention to the suggestions of considerable levels of anticlericalism in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, and in the early 19th century. It considers the levels of hostility shown to the established Church and the clergy by dissenters from the Church, and the activities of satirists and the press, especially over the collection of tithes, and the establishment of the Church.Less
This chapter examines the evidence for anticlericalism during the period, paying particular attention to the suggestions of considerable levels of anticlericalism in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, and in the early 19th century. It considers the levels of hostility shown to the established Church and the clergy by dissenters from the Church, and the activities of satirists and the press, especially over the collection of tithes, and the establishment of the Church.
Stephen Small
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199257799
- eISBN:
- 9780191717833
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199257799.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter charts developments in patriotism and radical reform between 1787 and 1791. It argues that the emergence of Protestant Ascendancy as a conceptual reaction to the Tithe Dispute, the ...
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This chapter charts developments in patriotism and radical reform between 1787 and 1791. It argues that the emergence of Protestant Ascendancy as a conceptual reaction to the Tithe Dispute, the assertion of Irish rights in the Regency Crisis, and the renewal of reform activity by the Irish Whigs in 1780 all had important consequences for the emergence of 1790s radicalism. Protestant Ascendancy, by creating a pre-Burkean reactionary stereotype of radical reformers and their allies, was especially important in shaping the environment within which radicals would operate. The Tithe Dispute arose from long-standing Catholic and Dissenter grievances about paying tithes to the Church of Ireland.Less
This chapter charts developments in patriotism and radical reform between 1787 and 1791. It argues that the emergence of Protestant Ascendancy as a conceptual reaction to the Tithe Dispute, the assertion of Irish rights in the Regency Crisis, and the renewal of reform activity by the Irish Whigs in 1780 all had important consequences for the emergence of 1790s radicalism. Protestant Ascendancy, by creating a pre-Burkean reactionary stereotype of radical reformers and their allies, was especially important in shaping the environment within which radicals would operate. The Tithe Dispute arose from long-standing Catholic and Dissenter grievances about paying tithes to the Church of Ireland.
William Kostlevy
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195377842
- eISBN:
- 9780199777204
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195377842.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
In 1905, the MCA acquired the Fountain Spring House, an old resort hotel in Waukesha Wisconsin. Rejecting private property the MCA insisted that all true Christians would give up their possessions. ...
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In 1905, the MCA acquired the Fountain Spring House, an old resort hotel in Waukesha Wisconsin. Rejecting private property the MCA insisted that all true Christians would give up their possessions. With F. M. Messenger, an experienced textile mill superintendent in charge, the MCA sought to duplicate the early Christian practice of having all things in common. Worship especially music was central in the creation of an authentic communal society. Louis Mitchel and W. T. Pettengill, at times working closely with famed African American gospel song composer Thoro Harris, played a key role in building community solidarity. Several noted revivals attracted new members including one in Crandon Wisconsin. Others broke with the MCA including Alma White a close associate since 1901.Less
In 1905, the MCA acquired the Fountain Spring House, an old resort hotel in Waukesha Wisconsin. Rejecting private property the MCA insisted that all true Christians would give up their possessions. With F. M. Messenger, an experienced textile mill superintendent in charge, the MCA sought to duplicate the early Christian practice of having all things in common. Worship especially music was central in the creation of an authentic communal society. Louis Mitchel and W. T. Pettengill, at times working closely with famed African American gospel song composer Thoro Harris, played a key role in building community solidarity. Several noted revivals attracted new members including one in Crandon Wisconsin. Others broke with the MCA including Alma White a close associate since 1901.
Richard Finn Op
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199283606
- eISBN:
- 9780191712692
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199283606.003.0002
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, European History: BCE to 500CE
This chapter examines episcopal almsgiving, the principal sources of which were revenues from imperial subventions, church properties, special collections, and the regular offerings made by the ...
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This chapter examines episcopal almsgiving, the principal sources of which were revenues from imperial subventions, church properties, special collections, and the regular offerings made by the faithful. These offerings, often referred to as first fruits, did not include tithes as they were later understood. Eloquence was essential to the bishop in raising funds for alms which he then distributed with assistance from the deacons. Such alms principally benefited a small number of Christian recipients: widows, their dependent children and other ‘orphans’, and some poorer virgins. While this form of poor relief chiefly took the form of regular distributions of food, some urban churches also founded hostels for the care of the sick destitute.Less
This chapter examines episcopal almsgiving, the principal sources of which were revenues from imperial subventions, church properties, special collections, and the regular offerings made by the faithful. These offerings, often referred to as first fruits, did not include tithes as they were later understood. Eloquence was essential to the bishop in raising funds for alms which he then distributed with assistance from the deacons. Such alms principally benefited a small number of Christian recipients: widows, their dependent children and other ‘orphans’, and some poorer virgins. While this form of poor relief chiefly took the form of regular distributions of food, some urban churches also founded hostels for the care of the sick destitute.
John McManners
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198270034
- eISBN:
- 9780191600685
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198270038.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
The immense wealth of the Church was based on property ownership, most important in northern France, and the tithe, which in some southern dioceses was the clergy's only means of support. Property, ...
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The immense wealth of the Church was based on property ownership, most important in northern France, and the tithe, which in some southern dioceses was the clergy's only means of support. Property, mostly leased out to farmers, brought with it further income in the form of seigneurial and feudal rights and dues, often bitterly resented by the peasantry. Tithe and their collection were a constant source of friction, lawsuits, and fraud, and extremely unpopular. They were attacked on historical and moral grounds by the philosophes and on economic grounds by the physiocrats. The last 20 years of the ancien regime saw a smouldering revolt against tithes across the south.Less
The immense wealth of the Church was based on property ownership, most important in northern France, and the tithe, which in some southern dioceses was the clergy's only means of support. Property, mostly leased out to farmers, brought with it further income in the form of seigneurial and feudal rights and dues, often bitterly resented by the peasantry. Tithe and their collection were a constant source of friction, lawsuits, and fraud, and extremely unpopular. They were attacked on historical and moral grounds by the philosophes and on economic grounds by the physiocrats. The last 20 years of the ancien regime saw a smouldering revolt against tithes across the south.
J. M. Wallace‐Hadrill
- Published in print:
- 1983
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198269069
- eISBN:
- 9780191600777
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198269064.003.0014
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
An analysis is made of reform of the Frankish Church and its application in the Carolingian period. There are three sections. The first, ‘Legislation and Exhortation’, goes chronologically through ...
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An analysis is made of reform of the Frankish Church and its application in the Carolingian period. There are three sections. The first, ‘Legislation and Exhortation’, goes chronologically through the Carolingian kings from Charlemagne to Charles the Bald, looking at the capitularies, deliberations and proposals for reform issued under Charlemagne, the very different atmosphere of the reign of Louis the Pious (monastic rather than episcopal and heavily flavoured with the reforming ideals of his Aquitanian mentor, Benedict of Aniane), the reform decisions promulgated by Charles the Bald, the attitudes his brothers and their descendants, the various council decisions (by assemblies of bishops), and the quarrel between Hincmar of Reims and his nephew and suffragen, Hincmar of Laon. The second section, ‘The Bishops and Reform’, looks at the episcopal record of the period, from councils and synods stretching over a century, and gives details of various resolves, provisions for instruction of the laity by preaching, collections of moral teaching (florilegia), manuals of penance, tithe, and surveillance of the monasteries. The last section, ‘An Exemplary Bishop: Hincmar’, gives an account of Bishop Hincmar of northern Francia, who was born in 806, who became Bishop Hincmar of Reims.Less
An analysis is made of reform of the Frankish Church and its application in the Carolingian period. There are three sections. The first, ‘Legislation and Exhortation’, goes chronologically through the Carolingian kings from Charlemagne to Charles the Bald, looking at the capitularies, deliberations and proposals for reform issued under Charlemagne, the very different atmosphere of the reign of Louis the Pious (monastic rather than episcopal and heavily flavoured with the reforming ideals of his Aquitanian mentor, Benedict of Aniane), the reform decisions promulgated by Charles the Bald, the attitudes his brothers and their descendants, the various council decisions (by assemblies of bishops), and the quarrel between Hincmar of Reims and his nephew and suffragen, Hincmar of Laon. The second section, ‘The Bishops and Reform’, looks at the episcopal record of the period, from councils and synods stretching over a century, and gives details of various resolves, provisions for instruction of the laity by preaching, collections of moral teaching (florilegia), manuals of penance, tithe, and surveillance of the monasteries. The last section, ‘An Exemplary Bishop: Hincmar’, gives an account of Bishop Hincmar of northern Francia, who was born in 806, who became Bishop Hincmar of Reims.
Colin Morris
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198269250
- eISBN:
- 9780191600708
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198269250.003.0017
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
In principle, bishops were responsible for ecclesiastical revenues, but in practice other powers had secured vested rights over them. Tithes formed a basic part of the income of the church, while ...
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In principle, bishops were responsible for ecclesiastical revenues, but in practice other powers had secured vested rights over them. Tithes formed a basic part of the income of the church, while efficient bishops were committed to the restoration of alienated estates. The exemption of clergy from royal or civil courts was an issue of vigorous dispute. The formulation of canon law proceeded rapidly: a development against which some critics strongly protested.Less
In principle, bishops were responsible for ecclesiastical revenues, but in practice other powers had secured vested rights over them. Tithes formed a basic part of the income of the church, while efficient bishops were committed to the restoration of alienated estates. The exemption of clergy from royal or civil courts was an issue of vigorous dispute. The formulation of canon law proceeded rapidly: a development against which some critics strongly protested.
Christian Smith, Michael O. Emerson, and Patricia Snell
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195337112
- eISBN:
- 9780199868414
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195337112.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This introductory chapter begins with a brief discussion of the primary goal of this book, which is to better understand and explain American Christians' lack of generosity, from a sociological ...
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This introductory chapter begins with a brief discussion of the primary goal of this book, which is to better understand and explain American Christians' lack of generosity, from a sociological perspective. It then assesses the claim that people, including Christians, are often selfish and greedy. The chapter then explains how the approach it used to measure the amount of money American Christians give to their churches and charities.Less
This introductory chapter begins with a brief discussion of the primary goal of this book, which is to better understand and explain American Christians' lack of generosity, from a sociological perspective. It then assesses the claim that people, including Christians, are often selfish and greedy. The chapter then explains how the approach it used to measure the amount of money American Christians give to their churches and charities.
AHARON OPPENHEIMER
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197264744
- eISBN:
- 9780191734663
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264744.003.0021
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
This chapter evaluates the use of rabbinic literature in the study of politics and administration in Roman Palestine. It focuses on the relationship between Severan activities in the field of cities ...
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This chapter evaluates the use of rabbinic literature in the study of politics and administration in Roman Palestine. It focuses on the relationship between Severan activities in the field of cities and urbanisation in talmudic sources which include actions and rulings of Rabbi Judah haNasi. The findings reveal that even though the Romans did not force, or even request it, Rabbi Judah haNasi joined in the Severan urbanisation policy, and exempted mixed cities from tithes and the sabbatical laws in order to strengthen the Jewish basis there.Less
This chapter evaluates the use of rabbinic literature in the study of politics and administration in Roman Palestine. It focuses on the relationship between Severan activities in the field of cities and urbanisation in talmudic sources which include actions and rulings of Rabbi Judah haNasi. The findings reveal that even though the Romans did not force, or even request it, Rabbi Judah haNasi joined in the Severan urbanisation policy, and exempted mixed cities from tithes and the sabbatical laws in order to strengthen the Jewish basis there.
FELICITY HEAL
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- April 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780198269243
- eISBN:
- 9780191602412
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198269242.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
This continues the study of the pre-Reformation Church, focusing on the ordinary clergy, first the regulars and then the seculars. It highlights the relative strength of English monasticism, but ...
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This continues the study of the pre-Reformation Church, focusing on the ordinary clergy, first the regulars and then the seculars. It highlights the relative strength of English monasticism, but stresses particularly the importance of the friars and the observant movement. Parish clergy are compared across the British Isles and the relationship between wealth and proper performance of duties is debated.Less
This continues the study of the pre-Reformation Church, focusing on the ordinary clergy, first the regulars and then the seculars. It highlights the relative strength of English monasticism, but stresses particularly the importance of the friars and the observant movement. Parish clergy are compared across the British Isles and the relationship between wealth and proper performance of duties is debated.
FELICITY HEAL
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- April 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780198269243
- eISBN:
- 9780191602412
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198269242.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
The clergy of the three kingdoms are studied during the same years of change, 1530–1558. The focus is upon the role of the bishops and higher clergy in influencing political regimes, and on the ...
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The clergy of the three kingdoms are studied during the same years of change, 1530–1558. The focus is upon the role of the bishops and higher clergy in influencing political regimes, and on the appropriation of clerical wealth. Ordinary parish clergy are seen as largely resistant to new religious ideas, and vulnerable to lay pressures.Less
The clergy of the three kingdoms are studied during the same years of change, 1530–1558. The focus is upon the role of the bishops and higher clergy in influencing political regimes, and on the appropriation of clerical wealth. Ordinary parish clergy are seen as largely resistant to new religious ideas, and vulnerable to lay pressures.
Jonathan Burnside
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199759217
- eISBN:
- 9780199827084
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199759217.003.0007
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
This chapter explores the wide variety of biblical laws of social welfare, including the ban on interest, tithe and gleaning laws, and a range of sabbath institutions. There is a contrast between ...
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This chapter explores the wide variety of biblical laws of social welfare, including the ban on interest, tithe and gleaning laws, and a range of sabbath institutions. There is a contrast between Pharaonic economics, which is associated with harsh working conditions, slavery, holding onto debts, lending at interest, hoarding, state rations, and exploiting people for food; and family economics, which is associated with time off for workers, Sabbath rest, releasing debts (including debt-slaves), a ban on interest, abundance, and leaving food behind for the needy. The extension of “super-sabbath” institutions (sabbath-plus, sabbath-squared, and perpetual sabbath) shows the way that the biblical welfare laws can be creatively adapted and applied to very different situations, in both the prophetic literature and the New Testament. The chapter argues that, in modern terms, biblical law presents a “third way” that goes beyond the dichotomy between equality and liberty, promoting access to the means of production, releasing creativity and preserving incentives.Less
This chapter explores the wide variety of biblical laws of social welfare, including the ban on interest, tithe and gleaning laws, and a range of sabbath institutions. There is a contrast between Pharaonic economics, which is associated with harsh working conditions, slavery, holding onto debts, lending at interest, hoarding, state rations, and exploiting people for food; and family economics, which is associated with time off for workers, Sabbath rest, releasing debts (including debt-slaves), a ban on interest, abundance, and leaving food behind for the needy. The extension of “super-sabbath” institutions (sabbath-plus, sabbath-squared, and perpetual sabbath) shows the way that the biblical welfare laws can be creatively adapted and applied to very different situations, in both the prophetic literature and the New Testament. The chapter argues that, in modern terms, biblical law presents a “third way” that goes beyond the dichotomy between equality and liberty, promoting access to the means of production, releasing creativity and preserving incentives.
Peter Singer
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199739073
- eISBN:
- 9780199855872
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199739073.003.0002
- Subject:
- Philosophy, General
This chapter looks at our obligations as individuals to the global poor. Criteria for determining who should give and how much should be given are developed. The chapter also looks at the motivation ...
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This chapter looks at our obligations as individuals to the global poor. Criteria for determining who should give and how much should be given are developed. The chapter also looks at the motivation and giving practices of people such as Zell Kravinsky, Bill Gates, and Warren Buffett to understand what motivates people to give. Despite the efforts of these large donors, global need far outweighs the current giving of both the government and individuals. This chapter offers a number of proposals for determining how much people should give. In the end, it proposes a tithe based on a sliding scale among the top 10% of earners.Less
This chapter looks at our obligations as individuals to the global poor. Criteria for determining who should give and how much should be given are developed. The chapter also looks at the motivation and giving practices of people such as Zell Kravinsky, Bill Gates, and Warren Buffett to understand what motivates people to give. Despite the efforts of these large donors, global need far outweighs the current giving of both the government and individuals. This chapter offers a number of proposals for determining how much people should give. In the end, it proposes a tithe based on a sliding scale among the top 10% of earners.
Orri Vésteinsson
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198207993
- eISBN:
- 9780191677885
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207993.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, World Medieval History, History of Religion
This chapter discusses the writing of the Life of St Jón, as well as the relationship between Bishop Gizurr and the tithe law of 1097. It was difficult to write the Life of St. Jón because his ...
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This chapter discusses the writing of the Life of St Jón, as well as the relationship between Bishop Gizurr and the tithe law of 1097. It was difficult to write the Life of St. Jón because his saintliness seems to have gone unnoticed until the late 1190s, more than 70 years after his death. Gunnlaugr chose to emphasize two aspects of his episcopacy such as his commitment to education and his efforts to improve Christian practice in his diocese and increase faith in God among his flock. Meanwhile, the tithes only began to be paid in the time of Bishop Gizurr. It was because of Gizurr that it was made law that all men calculated and valued their property, and swore that it was correctly valued, whether it was in land or moneys, and then paid tithe on it.Less
This chapter discusses the writing of the Life of St Jón, as well as the relationship between Bishop Gizurr and the tithe law of 1097. It was difficult to write the Life of St. Jón because his saintliness seems to have gone unnoticed until the late 1190s, more than 70 years after his death. Gunnlaugr chose to emphasize two aspects of his episcopacy such as his commitment to education and his efforts to improve Christian practice in his diocese and increase faith in God among his flock. Meanwhile, the tithes only began to be paid in the time of Bishop Gizurr. It was because of Gizurr that it was made law that all men calculated and valued their property, and swore that it was correctly valued, whether it was in land or moneys, and then paid tithe on it.
ADRIAN DAVIES
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198208204
- eISBN:
- 9780191677953
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198208204.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, History of Religion
This chapter discusses the distrust between Quakers and the clergy. Suspicion and hatred between churchmen and Quakers were provoked by the ...
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This chapter discusses the distrust between Quakers and the clergy. Suspicion and hatred between churchmen and Quakers were provoked by the doctrinal views of Friends, clear refusal to accept church authority, and the Quaker challenge to the legitimacy of tithe payments. Quakerism carried in its train more than aggressive proselytizing in the parish and disrespect of clerical authority.Less
This chapter discusses the distrust between Quakers and the clergy. Suspicion and hatred between churchmen and Quakers were provoked by the doctrinal views of Friends, clear refusal to accept church authority, and the Quaker challenge to the legitimacy of tithe payments. Quakerism carried in its train more than aggressive proselytizing in the parish and disrespect of clerical authority.
Jean Dunbabin
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198222910
- eISBN:
- 9780191678523
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198222910.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History, History of Religion
Like his commentary on Book 4 of the Sentences, Pierre's De potestate Papae shows him working on a theme that caught his imagination and led him towards positions to which he adhered for the rest of ...
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Like his commentary on Book 4 of the Sentences, Pierre's De potestate Papae shows him working on a theme that caught his imagination and led him towards positions to which he adhered for the rest of his life. His concerns were intensely topical. He faced the task of fitting the solutions demanded by canon law and immediate papal problems into a pattern of thought he would be prepared to defend in the abstract. Though only tangentially relevant to the main argument of De potestote, this chapter also describes Pierre's treatment of poverty, especially in Pierre's defence of tithes. It shows his espousal of a definition of poverty close to that soon to be condemned by Pope John XXII.Less
Like his commentary on Book 4 of the Sentences, Pierre's De potestate Papae shows him working on a theme that caught his imagination and led him towards positions to which he adhered for the rest of his life. His concerns were intensely topical. He faced the task of fitting the solutions demanded by canon law and immediate papal problems into a pattern of thought he would be prepared to defend in the abstract. Though only tangentially relevant to the main argument of De potestote, this chapter also describes Pierre's treatment of poverty, especially in Pierre's defence of tithes. It shows his espousal of a definition of poverty close to that soon to be condemned by Pope John XXII.
Michael Haren
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198208518
- eISBN:
- 9780191678042
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198208518.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History, Social History
Scornful though he is in criticism of the manorial officials, the author of the Memoriale Presbiterorum offers no sympathy for the peasants. The main problem comes from tithe-paying. The duty of ...
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Scornful though he is in criticism of the manorial officials, the author of the Memoriale Presbiterorum offers no sympathy for the peasants. The main problem comes from tithe-paying. The duty of tithe-paying was seen as stemming from the need to recognise the universal dominion of God, and it is so expounded by Archbishop FitzRalph, with whose views on dominion in general it is in perfect accord. The other ‘ecclesiastical’ offences of the peasant include working on saints’ feast days and conspiracies against ecclesiastical liberties. Part of the interrogatory for the peasants deals with ‘social’ sins. They are accused of malice towards each other. A more commonly evidenced charge against peasants is that of filching land. Removal of boundary marks was an offence known to Roman law, which prescribed the death penalty for the slave who did so without his master’s knowledge.Less
Scornful though he is in criticism of the manorial officials, the author of the Memoriale Presbiterorum offers no sympathy for the peasants. The main problem comes from tithe-paying. The duty of tithe-paying was seen as stemming from the need to recognise the universal dominion of God, and it is so expounded by Archbishop FitzRalph, with whose views on dominion in general it is in perfect accord. The other ‘ecclesiastical’ offences of the peasant include working on saints’ feast days and conspiracies against ecclesiastical liberties. Part of the interrogatory for the peasants deals with ‘social’ sins. They are accused of malice towards each other. A more commonly evidenced charge against peasants is that of filching land. Removal of boundary marks was an offence known to Roman law, which prescribed the death penalty for the slave who did so without his master’s knowledge.