Matt Reed and Joss Langford
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- January 2022
- ISBN:
- 9781789621266
- eISBN:
- 9781800852587
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781789621266.003.0021
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Strategy
Perhaps the most natural way for a researcher from a company to discuss a potential research project with an academic is in terms of a set of common research outcomes. These are the specific ...
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Perhaps the most natural way for a researcher from a company to discuss a potential research project with an academic is in terms of a set of common research outcomes. These are the specific knowledge outputs that both partners imagine may be produced during the course of the project. In this type of project, negotiations will likely focus on the timelines involved in generating the outcomes, payment milestones, other resources required for success, and the allocation of any intellectual property (IP) that is created during the project. For an ad-hoc project with a university, it is hard to avoid aligning a company interest and an academic interest like this. However, there are risks in this approach for longer projects. Whereas a university might be comfortable waiting three or four years for a PhD student to answer a research question, at a company, business priorities can change much more rapidly than that, which can lead to a significant misalignment of desired outcomes over the same time frame.Less
Perhaps the most natural way for a researcher from a company to discuss a potential research project with an academic is in terms of a set of common research outcomes. These are the specific knowledge outputs that both partners imagine may be produced during the course of the project. In this type of project, negotiations will likely focus on the timelines involved in generating the outcomes, payment milestones, other resources required for success, and the allocation of any intellectual property (IP) that is created during the project. For an ad-hoc project with a university, it is hard to avoid aligning a company interest and an academic interest like this. However, there are risks in this approach for longer projects. Whereas a university might be comfortable waiting three or four years for a PhD student to answer a research question, at a company, business priorities can change much more rapidly than that, which can lead to a significant misalignment of desired outcomes over the same time frame.
Maud Webster
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- January 2022
- ISBN:
- 9780813066844
- eISBN:
- 9780813067032
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813066844.003.0005
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
This brief chapter shores up the strands discussed in the book in timeline, being, and transience and brings them together to bear upon the heart of the matter, the need for history, in terms of its ...
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This brief chapter shores up the strands discussed in the book in timeline, being, and transience and brings them together to bear upon the heart of the matter, the need for history, in terms of its very essence, function, and framework.Less
This brief chapter shores up the strands discussed in the book in timeline, being, and transience and brings them together to bear upon the heart of the matter, the need for history, in terms of its very essence, function, and framework.
Ken Nicolson
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789888028108
- eISBN:
- 9789882207561
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888028108.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter provides suggestions on how the significant and natural heritage sources found in the Hong Kong Cemetery can be protected and preserved. Happy Valley is a significant historical ...
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This chapter provides suggestions on how the significant and natural heritage sources found in the Hong Kong Cemetery can be protected and preserved. Happy Valley is a significant historical landscape, and of the four cemeteries found along Happy Valley, the Hong Kong Cemetery is the oldest and the largest, not to mention the fact that it contains the oldest surviving colonial building in Hong Kong and it provides a valuable historic timeline of the evolution of the Hong Kong society. In this chapter three suggested steps are given that can help in the protection and preservation of the natural heritage of the Hong Kong Cemetery. These three steps that are discussed are: the protection of the cemetery as a historic cultural landscape; the preparation of a detailed conservation plan; and the participation of various stakeholder groups.Less
This chapter provides suggestions on how the significant and natural heritage sources found in the Hong Kong Cemetery can be protected and preserved. Happy Valley is a significant historical landscape, and of the four cemeteries found along Happy Valley, the Hong Kong Cemetery is the oldest and the largest, not to mention the fact that it contains the oldest surviving colonial building in Hong Kong and it provides a valuable historic timeline of the evolution of the Hong Kong society. In this chapter three suggested steps are given that can help in the protection and preservation of the natural heritage of the Hong Kong Cemetery. These three steps that are discussed are: the protection of the cemetery as a historic cultural landscape; the preparation of a detailed conservation plan; and the participation of various stakeholder groups.
Celeste Tường Vy Sharpe and Timothy B. Powell
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780252042232
- eISBN:
- 9780252050978
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5622/illinois/9780252042232.003.0011
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
Celeste Tường Vy Sharpe and Timothy B. Powell describe how they use the design of digital platforms as teachable problems to engage students in a digital humanities course about the stories of ...
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Celeste Tường Vy Sharpe and Timothy B. Powell describe how they use the design of digital platforms as teachable problems to engage students in a digital humanities course about the stories of Indigenous peoples and the Eurocentric “control over time.” Sharpe and Powell task students with creating a digital project that explores a more culturally specific and nuanced model of Iroquois or Haudenosaunee temporality. In the process, students and teachers alike imagine solutions that may enable digital humanities tools to more accurately represent how Indigenous peoples tell their histories.Less
Celeste Tường Vy Sharpe and Timothy B. Powell describe how they use the design of digital platforms as teachable problems to engage students in a digital humanities course about the stories of Indigenous peoples and the Eurocentric “control over time.” Sharpe and Powell task students with creating a digital project that explores a more culturally specific and nuanced model of Iroquois or Haudenosaunee temporality. In the process, students and teachers alike imagine solutions that may enable digital humanities tools to more accurately represent how Indigenous peoples tell their histories.
Steve Goodman
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262062749
- eISBN:
- 9780262273343
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262062749.003.0037
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
This chapter starts with the contemporary and the generalized definitions of the timeline; it then shifts its focus to the sampling and coding of the digital sound via spatialization of time. The ...
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This chapter starts with the contemporary and the generalized definitions of the timeline; it then shifts its focus to the sampling and coding of the digital sound via spatialization of time. The chapter emphasizes the sequencer timeline, temporal sequence of sounds, and other sequences that changed the method of sound editing and manipulation. It further explains time stretching, the technique involved in changing the duration of the audio waves without disturbing the pitch. The major discussion of the chapter involves analog and digital audio signal processing with the continuity of time, and also focuses on the Gabor matrix along with the exploration of other physicists and their contributions.Less
This chapter starts with the contemporary and the generalized definitions of the timeline; it then shifts its focus to the sampling and coding of the digital sound via spatialization of time. The chapter emphasizes the sequencer timeline, temporal sequence of sounds, and other sequences that changed the method of sound editing and manipulation. It further explains time stretching, the technique involved in changing the duration of the audio waves without disturbing the pitch. The major discussion of the chapter involves analog and digital audio signal processing with the continuity of time, and also focuses on the Gabor matrix along with the exploration of other physicists and their contributions.
John Weiner and Frederico Nunes
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- March 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198796664
- eISBN:
- 9780191837920
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198796664.003.0001
- Subject:
- Physics, Atomic, Laser, and Optical Physics, Condensed Matter Physics / Materials
This chapter traces the historical development of the notions of light and matter from antiquity to the present. In antiquity light and matter were not distinguishable concepts. Brief sketches of the ...
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This chapter traces the historical development of the notions of light and matter from antiquity to the present. In antiquity light and matter were not distinguishable concepts. Brief sketches of the principal actors and their contributions describe the development of this distinction, and a timeline shows how the ancient unity of light and matter divided into separate conceptual tracks, then reunified in the modern era from the perspective of quantum theory. Along the way the forces of electricity and magnetism were unified by Maxwell, and action at a distance was quantified by the introduction of the vector field.Less
This chapter traces the historical development of the notions of light and matter from antiquity to the present. In antiquity light and matter were not distinguishable concepts. Brief sketches of the principal actors and their contributions describe the development of this distinction, and a timeline shows how the ancient unity of light and matter divided into separate conceptual tracks, then reunified in the modern era from the perspective of quantum theory. Along the way the forces of electricity and magnetism were unified by Maxwell, and action at a distance was quantified by the introduction of the vector field.
Laura Wittern-Keller
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813124513
- eISBN:
- 9780813134901
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813124513.003.0014
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
This chapter provides some concluding remarks regarding censorship and the freedom of the screen. It gives a brief timeline of the events that led to the disappearance of the censors from American ...
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This chapter provides some concluding remarks regarding censorship and the freedom of the screen. It gives a brief timeline of the events that led to the disappearance of the censors from American society, which has given Hollywood the freedom to deal with subjects that have previously been banned.Less
This chapter provides some concluding remarks regarding censorship and the freedom of the screen. It gives a brief timeline of the events that led to the disappearance of the censors from American society, which has given Hollywood the freedom to deal with subjects that have previously been banned.
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823233373
- eISBN:
- 9780823240463
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fso/9780823233373.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This introductory chapter first sets out the purpose of the book, which is to outline significant moments that shaped the Patriarch's ecumenical conscience and theological principles, which have ...
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This introductory chapter first sets out the purpose of the book, which is to outline significant moments that shaped the Patriarch's ecumenical conscience and theological principles, which have enabled him to articulate “the truth in love.” It presents a timeline of the Patriarch's career, complemented by passages from three exceptional theologians—the late Professor Olivier Clément (an extraordinarily insightful and inspiring French theologian and historian, who interviewed His All Holiness in preparation for a book), His Eminence Archbishop Demetrios of America (a senior and revered hierarch and scholar of the Orthodox Church, who in his diverse roles representing His All Holiness has comprehended and embraced the vision of the Ecumenical Patriarchate), and Dr. Samuel Kobia (former general secretary of the World Council).Less
This introductory chapter first sets out the purpose of the book, which is to outline significant moments that shaped the Patriarch's ecumenical conscience and theological principles, which have enabled him to articulate “the truth in love.” It presents a timeline of the Patriarch's career, complemented by passages from three exceptional theologians—the late Professor Olivier Clément (an extraordinarily insightful and inspiring French theologian and historian, who interviewed His All Holiness in preparation for a book), His Eminence Archbishop Demetrios of America (a senior and revered hierarch and scholar of the Orthodox Church, who in his diverse roles representing His All Holiness has comprehended and embraced the vision of the Ecumenical Patriarchate), and Dr. Samuel Kobia (former general secretary of the World Council).
Ljiljana Progovac
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198736547
- eISBN:
- 9780191800276
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198736547.003.0008
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Psycholinguistics / Neurolinguistics / Cognitive Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology
This chapter highlights the conclusions and achievements of the reconstruction arrived at in this book, as well as identifies future prospects. The reconstructed stages in the evolution of syntax are ...
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This chapter highlights the conclusions and achievements of the reconstruction arrived at in this book, as well as identifies future prospects. The reconstructed stages in the evolution of syntax are specific and incremental enough to be targeted by the forces of natural/sexual selection. For each postulated stage, including the absolutive-like two-word stage, and the hierarchical transitive and TP (Tense Phrase) stages, this monograph identifies clear and tangible communicative benefits. Not only that, but the granularity of this proposal is at the right level to forge synergy among the (sub)disciplines of syntactic theory, evolutionary biology, neuroscience, language variation (typology), and genetics. Last but not least, this proposal can shed light on the hominin timeline, as it is able to discriminate among some competing hypotheses in this regard.Less
This chapter highlights the conclusions and achievements of the reconstruction arrived at in this book, as well as identifies future prospects. The reconstructed stages in the evolution of syntax are specific and incremental enough to be targeted by the forces of natural/sexual selection. For each postulated stage, including the absolutive-like two-word stage, and the hierarchical transitive and TP (Tense Phrase) stages, this monograph identifies clear and tangible communicative benefits. Not only that, but the granularity of this proposal is at the right level to forge synergy among the (sub)disciplines of syntactic theory, evolutionary biology, neuroscience, language variation (typology), and genetics. Last but not least, this proposal can shed light on the hominin timeline, as it is able to discriminate among some competing hypotheses in this regard.
Noah Kellman
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780190938680
- eISBN:
- 9780197622872
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190938680.003.0001
- Subject:
- Music, Popular
Film music is linear, meaning you always know in what order the on-screen events occur. Game music, on the other hand, evolves and changes in real time based on the player’s actions. Composing for ...
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Film music is linear, meaning you always know in what order the on-screen events occur. Game music, on the other hand, evolves and changes in real time based on the player’s actions. Composing for this unpredictable, nonlinear medium is a necessary skill unique to game music composition. This chapter examines how composing for nonlinear timelines is different both conceptually and technically, discussing the common techniques used in games today and empowering readers to use these in their own game projects.Less
Film music is linear, meaning you always know in what order the on-screen events occur. Game music, on the other hand, evolves and changes in real time based on the player’s actions. Composing for this unpredictable, nonlinear medium is a necessary skill unique to game music composition. This chapter examines how composing for nonlinear timelines is different both conceptually and technically, discussing the common techniques used in games today and empowering readers to use these in their own game projects.
Bjørnar Olsen, Michael Shanks, Timothy Webmoor, and Christopher Witmore
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780520274167
- eISBN:
- 9780520954007
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520274167.003.0007
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Archaeology: Classical
Working through Argos, Greece, and the wider area, chapter seven shifts from a past held to exist apart from the present to a situation where pasts are understood as spatially coextensive. In putting ...
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Working through Argos, Greece, and the wider area, chapter seven shifts from a past held to exist apart from the present to a situation where pasts are understood as spatially coextensive. In putting to one side a modernist historicism in which the past is situated as a series of successions and replacements in favor of pasts as a gathered, multitemporal ensemble, this chapter offers a different image of time as percolation.Less
Working through Argos, Greece, and the wider area, chapter seven shifts from a past held to exist apart from the present to a situation where pasts are understood as spatially coextensive. In putting to one side a modernist historicism in which the past is situated as a series of successions and replacements in favor of pasts as a gathered, multitemporal ensemble, this chapter offers a different image of time as percolation.
William Egginton
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231148788
- eISBN:
- 9780231520966
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231148788.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Philosophy of Religion
This chapter narrates an anecdote about a trip to Saint-Moritz taken by the author and realizations while playing roulette at a casino. In thinking that an outcome somehow preexisted the spinning of ...
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This chapter narrates an anecdote about a trip to Saint-Moritz taken by the author and realizations while playing roulette at a casino. In thinking that an outcome somehow preexisted the spinning of the roulette wheel, the author admitted that he was participating in a pervasive and ultimately false way of thinking about the world. This worldview depends on several basic assumptions. First, that things and events exist on a stable time line, stretching from the past into the future, that people experience one moment at a time. The second is that the universe that stretches out in space and time is ultimately knowable as it really is in itself. These two assumptions entail a fundamentally religious way of seeing the world.Less
This chapter narrates an anecdote about a trip to Saint-Moritz taken by the author and realizations while playing roulette at a casino. In thinking that an outcome somehow preexisted the spinning of the roulette wheel, the author admitted that he was participating in a pervasive and ultimately false way of thinking about the world. This worldview depends on several basic assumptions. First, that things and events exist on a stable time line, stretching from the past into the future, that people experience one moment at a time. The second is that the universe that stretches out in space and time is ultimately knowable as it really is in itself. These two assumptions entail a fundamentally religious way of seeing the world.
Walter Scott
Ainsley McIntosh (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781474425193
- eISBN:
- 9781474438711
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474425193.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
This essay outlines the historical and political context for the breakdown in Anglo-Scottish relations that culminated in the Battle of Flodden and describes the unfolding and aftermath of the battle ...
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This essay outlines the historical and political context for the breakdown in Anglo-Scottish relations that culminated in the Battle of Flodden and describes the unfolding and aftermath of the battle itself. A table of dates for these events is helpfully provided. The essay then examines Scott’s fictional narrative timeline and the blend of historical characters and character prototypes presented in Marmion. It identifies the literary and historical sources that Scott drew upon most extensively when writing the poem and concludes with a brief discussion of the purpose of the verse epistles.Less
This essay outlines the historical and political context for the breakdown in Anglo-Scottish relations that culminated in the Battle of Flodden and describes the unfolding and aftermath of the battle itself. A table of dates for these events is helpfully provided. The essay then examines Scott’s fictional narrative timeline and the blend of historical characters and character prototypes presented in Marmion. It identifies the literary and historical sources that Scott drew upon most extensively when writing the poem and concludes with a brief discussion of the purpose of the verse epistles.
Franklin M. Harold
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780226174143
- eISBN:
- 9780226174310
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226174310.003.0009
- Subject:
- Biology, Biochemistry / Molecular Biology
The discovery of fossil bacteria sixty years ago quadrupled the length of life's known history, and initiated the search for geological traces of cell evolution. Earth has hosted life for as long as ...
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The discovery of fossil bacteria sixty years ago quadrupled the length of life's known history, and initiated the search for geological traces of cell evolution. Earth has hosted life for as long as it has offered a habitable environment, more than three billion years. Microbial communities of the Proterozoic and late Archean eras included various Bacteria (cyanobacteria go back some 2.5 billion years), and indirect evidence points to the presence of Archaea also. Eukaryotic fossils that can be assigned to contemporary lineages are much more recent, a billion years or less. However, there is a growing trove of much older fossils that are generally interpreted as eukaryotic, and also evidence from biomarkers. Taken together, they indicate that the eukaryotic lineage is ancient, at least 2 billion years and probably deeper. The last common ancestor of contemporary eukaryotes was the product of a prolonged history. The findings mesh with geological traces of the rise of atmospheric oxygen, and can be placed on a general timeline of cellular evolution.Less
The discovery of fossil bacteria sixty years ago quadrupled the length of life's known history, and initiated the search for geological traces of cell evolution. Earth has hosted life for as long as it has offered a habitable environment, more than three billion years. Microbial communities of the Proterozoic and late Archean eras included various Bacteria (cyanobacteria go back some 2.5 billion years), and indirect evidence points to the presence of Archaea also. Eukaryotic fossils that can be assigned to contemporary lineages are much more recent, a billion years or less. However, there is a growing trove of much older fossils that are generally interpreted as eukaryotic, and also evidence from biomarkers. Taken together, they indicate that the eukaryotic lineage is ancient, at least 2 billion years and probably deeper. The last common ancestor of contemporary eukaryotes was the product of a prolonged history. The findings mesh with geological traces of the rise of atmospheric oxygen, and can be placed on a general timeline of cellular evolution.
Bob Deacon
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781447312338
- eISBN:
- 9781447312383
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447312338.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change
Chapter 1 explains the purpose of the book, sets out the research questions that framed the investigation behind it and summarises its main findings. It also sets out the chapter structure of the ...
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Chapter 1 explains the purpose of the book, sets out the research questions that framed the investigation behind it and summarises its main findings. It also sets out the chapter structure of the rest of the book. It concludes with a timeline of key events associated with the SPFLess
Chapter 1 explains the purpose of the book, sets out the research questions that framed the investigation behind it and summarises its main findings. It also sets out the chapter structure of the rest of the book. It concludes with a timeline of key events associated with the SPF
Matthew S. Champion
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780226514796
- eISBN:
- 9780226514826
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226514826.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
This chapter is a sustained analysis of Werner Rolewinck’s early print best-seller, the Fasciculus temporum (‘The Bundle of Times’). This innovative genealogical history and chronology of the world ...
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This chapter is a sustained analysis of Werner Rolewinck’s early print best-seller, the Fasciculus temporum (‘The Bundle of Times’). This innovative genealogical history and chronology of the world lays claim to be the first ever horizontal timeline. What might be seen as a text pushing forwards towards a ‘modern’ sense of the dynamic forward flow of time is instead interpreted as implying and forming a variety of complex temporalities. The work is best understood as part of a push to see time as the medium of devotion, combined with a particularly devout historicizing attitude to the past. Those reading the Fasciculus are imagined as using the text in the process of contemplative ascent to an intuitive vision of time as if from eternity. A number of features of the print layout, as well as woodcuts and added illuminations, participate in this use of precise time measurement in the service of the devotional gaze.Less
This chapter is a sustained analysis of Werner Rolewinck’s early print best-seller, the Fasciculus temporum (‘The Bundle of Times’). This innovative genealogical history and chronology of the world lays claim to be the first ever horizontal timeline. What might be seen as a text pushing forwards towards a ‘modern’ sense of the dynamic forward flow of time is instead interpreted as implying and forming a variety of complex temporalities. The work is best understood as part of a push to see time as the medium of devotion, combined with a particularly devout historicizing attitude to the past. Those reading the Fasciculus are imagined as using the text in the process of contemplative ascent to an intuitive vision of time as if from eternity. A number of features of the print layout, as well as woodcuts and added illuminations, participate in this use of precise time measurement in the service of the devotional gaze.
Pat Libby
- Published in print:
- 2022
- Published Online:
- March 2022
- ISBN:
- 9780197601631
- eISBN:
- 9780197601662
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780197601631.003.0010
- Subject:
- Social Work, Social Policy
Having an effective coalition of individuals and organizations who are willing to work to move your issue forward is essential to the success of any grassroots lobbying campaign. This chapter ...
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Having an effective coalition of individuals and organizations who are willing to work to move your issue forward is essential to the success of any grassroots lobbying campaign. This chapter describes how to identify different types of coalition members and how to distribute duties among them. It emphasizes the importance of having people in your coalition who vote and work in the district of the legislators you intend to lobby. It also discusses the importance of coalition members who can relate to or have personal connections with legislators. Annamarie and Travis end the chapter by describing their coalition building efforts.Less
Having an effective coalition of individuals and organizations who are willing to work to move your issue forward is essential to the success of any grassroots lobbying campaign. This chapter describes how to identify different types of coalition members and how to distribute duties among them. It emphasizes the importance of having people in your coalition who vote and work in the district of the legislators you intend to lobby. It also discusses the importance of coalition members who can relate to or have personal connections with legislators. Annamarie and Travis end the chapter by describing their coalition building efforts.
Ljiljana Progovac
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198736547
- eISBN:
- 9780191800276
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198736547.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Psycholinguistics / Neurolinguistics / Cognitive Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology
This book makes a case for a gradualist, adaptationist (Darwinian) approach to the evolution of syntax/grammar, subject to natural selection. It provides a specific framework for studying the ...
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This book makes a case for a gradualist, adaptationist (Darwinian) approach to the evolution of syntax/grammar, subject to natural selection. It provides a specific framework for studying the evolution of syntax, with postulates that are at the right level of granularity to allow a synergy among the fields of evolutionary biology, theoretical syntax, typology, neuroscience, and genetics. This book pursues an internal reconstruction of the stages of grammar based on the syntactic theory associated with Chomskyan Minimalism, to arrive at very specific, testable hypotheses, which are corroborated by an abundance of theoretically analyzed ‘living fossils’ for each postulated stage, drawn from a variety of languages. What also distinguishes this approach is that it shows how these fossil structures do not just coexist side-by-side with more modern structures, but that they are in fact literally built into the very foundation of more complex structures, leading to quirks and complexities that best befit a gradualist evolutionary scenario. Importantly, the postulated stages clearly reveal the selection pressures that would have driven the progression through stages. By reconstructing a particular path along which syntax evolved, this approach is able to shed light on the crucial properties of language design itself, as well as on the major parameters of crosslinguistic variation. As a result, this reconstruction can be meaningfully correlated with the hominin timeline, as well as with the quickly accruing genetic evidence.Less
This book makes a case for a gradualist, adaptationist (Darwinian) approach to the evolution of syntax/grammar, subject to natural selection. It provides a specific framework for studying the evolution of syntax, with postulates that are at the right level of granularity to allow a synergy among the fields of evolutionary biology, theoretical syntax, typology, neuroscience, and genetics. This book pursues an internal reconstruction of the stages of grammar based on the syntactic theory associated with Chomskyan Minimalism, to arrive at very specific, testable hypotheses, which are corroborated by an abundance of theoretically analyzed ‘living fossils’ for each postulated stage, drawn from a variety of languages. What also distinguishes this approach is that it shows how these fossil structures do not just coexist side-by-side with more modern structures, but that they are in fact literally built into the very foundation of more complex structures, leading to quirks and complexities that best befit a gradualist evolutionary scenario. Importantly, the postulated stages clearly reveal the selection pressures that would have driven the progression through stages. By reconstructing a particular path along which syntax evolved, this approach is able to shed light on the crucial properties of language design itself, as well as on the major parameters of crosslinguistic variation. As a result, this reconstruction can be meaningfully correlated with the hominin timeline, as well as with the quickly accruing genetic evidence.
Richard Rodger
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190915858
- eISBN:
- 9780190915889
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190915858.003.0018
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
Historical perspectives on urban health focus mainly on the production of public health, on strategies and policies deployed by towns and cities that are authorized to act for the common good. This ...
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Historical perspectives on urban health focus mainly on the production of public health, on strategies and policies deployed by towns and cities that are authorized to act for the common good. This chapter gives a largely chronological perspective on public health developments, from medieval to early modern, and then to a consideration of the major shifts in public health that occurred in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Although in this chapter most attention is devoted to European trends, the colonization of the Americas, Africa, and Asia ensured networks of knowledge that were, by contemporary standards, quite quickly disseminated, though locally taken up at very variable rates. The historical study of public health is, therefore, an inherently worldwide one, with the important qualification that the pace of change and uptake of ideas was uneven.Less
Historical perspectives on urban health focus mainly on the production of public health, on strategies and policies deployed by towns and cities that are authorized to act for the common good. This chapter gives a largely chronological perspective on public health developments, from medieval to early modern, and then to a consideration of the major shifts in public health that occurred in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Although in this chapter most attention is devoted to European trends, the colonization of the Americas, Africa, and Asia ensured networks of knowledge that were, by contemporary standards, quite quickly disseminated, though locally taken up at very variable rates. The historical study of public health is, therefore, an inherently worldwide one, with the important qualification that the pace of change and uptake of ideas was uneven.
Karel Schrijver
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- July 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198799894
- eISBN:
- 9780191864865
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198799894.003.0001
- Subject:
- Physics, Geophysics, Atmospheric and Environmental Physics, History of Physics
Where centuries ago one could be burned at the stake for speculating about distant worlds, the modern scientific method has made us realize that there are planetary systems around most of the over a ...
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Where centuries ago one could be burned at the stake for speculating about distant worlds, the modern scientific method has made us realize that there are planetary systems around most of the over a hundred billion stars in the Galaxy. Learning that the Earth was not the center of the Solar System represented a true revolution in our thinking, but the recent insight that the Solar System is but one of an immense number of similar systems was smoothly adopted by our culture, which had already been exposed to many fictional worlds over the preceding dedades. This introductory chapter describes these changes, woven into the story of how astrophysics has grown from the work of a few isolated individuals into a globe-spanning, fast-publishing enterprise with state-of-the-art observatories, from master–pupil teaching to university-based education, and from learning from often ancient books to modern observation-based investigations. Less
Where centuries ago one could be burned at the stake for speculating about distant worlds, the modern scientific method has made us realize that there are planetary systems around most of the over a hundred billion stars in the Galaxy. Learning that the Earth was not the center of the Solar System represented a true revolution in our thinking, but the recent insight that the Solar System is but one of an immense number of similar systems was smoothly adopted by our culture, which had already been exposed to many fictional worlds over the preceding dedades. This introductory chapter describes these changes, woven into the story of how astrophysics has grown from the work of a few isolated individuals into a globe-spanning, fast-publishing enterprise with state-of-the-art observatories, from master–pupil teaching to university-based education, and from learning from often ancient books to modern observation-based investigations.
