Search Results

This chapter explores the role of temporal considerations in risk-thinking. It argues that risk-thinkers maintain a resolutely forward-looking orientation, but cannot avoid placing temporal horizons around their assessments, without which risks would become uncalculable. The lifespan is by no means the only time frame that can be applied. Some health risks, e.g. those transmitted epigenetically, span two or more generations. Shortening the future period under consideration may flatter healthcare interventions such as smoking cessation, or stack the odds in favour of new pharmaceuticals. Standard time frames such as 5-year survival do not necessarily match those of directly affected individuals. The issue of time-discounting within selected temporal horizons is then considered. Finally, future-oriented perspectives are contrasted with the retrospective accounting that occurs with hindsight after an adverse outcome is seen to have or have not occurred.

This chapter portrays the Community House's possibly mismatched time lines, and shows how participants align them by focusing on future potential. Sometimes this temporal leapfrog works, but sometimes this focus on future potential comes at the expense of any focus on the past or present. The chapter indicates other temporal disconnections as well, as illustrated in how organizers try to “build community” by “drawing on community,” “build leadership by drawing on leadership,” by treating “the community,” “leadership,” “good choices,” and other potentials “simultaneously as diagnosis and cure.” This chapter shows how even with these mismatched time frames, people still manage to coordinate everyday action.

This chapter reevaluates the longitudinal “shapes” of history and argues for a threefold approach. It considers the question of how to best frame the multi-dimensionality of the past without forcing things into preset stages or patterns that suit some cultural traditions and not others and without fragmenting knowledge into meaningless details that are unattached in time. It considers the time frames of history and argues for an interlocking or loosely braided three-dimensional history in which the three strands combine and intertwine continuously, though not necessarily evenly, within time and within time-space.

This chapter discusses the importance of timing or time frames in developing coherent strategic giving. It explains that the timing of giving is inextricably connected to the value proposition, the vehicle through which giving will take place, the style of the donor, and the theory of change that is pursued. This chapter also discusses the idea of discounting, donors' definition of the time dimension in giving, and the cy pres doctrine.

This chapter argues that it would be wisest to posit the cinema of Richard Linklater as the cinematic bridge between European Modernism and American Postmodernism—the “little space in between” Godard and Tarantino. Yet the collaborative, cooperative working practice that renders communities and couples onscreen is rather particular to Linklater, whose way of exploring limited time-frames by limited means results in films in which “somehow it all feels true and accurate in a composite sort of way”. Because Linklater is prompted to make his financial and creative limitations as part of his craft, his cinema often reflects the experience of a specific time from all sides. Although none of them are nostalgic, they are all fleeting, immanent, transient, and ephemeral. Any leaning towards nostalgia is curtailed by meaninglessness in Waking Life (2001), and by madness in A Scanner Darkly (2006).

One Hundred Years of Solitude is no ordinary novel; it's an account of so many different narratives of various characters that encompass different histories. It speaks to readers of different backgrounds and ideologies, and presents many realities that everyone can relate to. In this chapter, the author tries to trace the history and main plot of the novel. A brief summary of the story and some of the important characters are introduced and explained. The time frame of the novel, and why García Márquez did not use any numerals to number his chapters, is discussed. Other aspects of the novel also discussed in this chapter include its unique qualities in Latin American literature and its narrative center.

Retributivists believe that criminal offenders should suffer or be punished in proportion to what they morally deserve. There is, however, an often-ignored debate about whether desert should be assessed across a person’s life (the whole-life view) or only for crimes that are the subject of a current sentencing proceeding (the current-crime view). Both options are unappealing. The whole-life view may be superior on theoretical grounds but is hopelessly impractical. The current-crime view is somewhat more practical but has no solid theoretical foundation. The lack of a suitable time frame in which to assess desert represents an important challenge to retributivist conceptions of proportionality. Even uncertainty about the proper time frame may itself be detrimental to some retributivists’ hopes of justifying the incarcerative sentences of particular offenders.

This chapter begins by outlining the process of how interviewees disclosed their remembrance of a happening. It then explains the meaning of happenings, episodes, and circumstances in relation to a person's memory. The chapter discusses how the interviewee pointed towards remembering what happened within a time frame, which the chapter considers material — with a potential bearing upon the commission of an offence. An offence may take place within a single material time frame (MTF). Other offending may involve more than one MTF. Remembering a happening is no mean task. It requires interviewees to search their memories, to locate their remembrance of, and find the words to describe, a happening that confronted them with a stream of sensory information. To a greater or lesser extent, the interviewees attended to this stream, perhaps specifically focusing upon some of it. With a varying degree of success, they made sense of the happening and responded to it. The chapter looks into the process of remembering: how we all engage in this process, and many forms of vulnerability can impair an individual's performance.